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Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the coating based on Amaranthus flour (AF), montmorillonite, and three essential oils (clove, muña, and matico) to extend the shelf life of minimally processed mango. The mango cubes were divided into four different treatments. T1- control (uncoated mango), T2 (0.3% w/v of clove), T3 (0.3% w/v of muña), and T4 (0.3% w/v of matico). All treatments had 0.6% w/v Amaranth flour and 0.02% w/v montmorillonite (MMT) and were subjected to 5°C for 12 days. Water activity (Aw), pH, Total soluble solids, acidity, weight loss, color, texture, and antimicrobial activity were evaluated for each treatment. Matico treatment maintained pH and had the lowest count of yeast and mold forming units on mango (3.47 log UFC g-1). On the last day of storage, all coating treatments showed less weight loss and favorable results than the control. The matico treatment showed higher efficiency for mango preservation.

Abstract Molybdenum (Mo) has a high potential of becoming the material of choice for sub‐10 nm scale metal structures in future integrated circuits (ICs). Manufacturing at this scale requires exceptional precision and consistency, so many metal processing techniques must be reconsidered. In particular, present direct wet chemical etching methods produce anisotropic etching profiles with significant surface roughness, which can be detrimental to device performance. Here, it is shown that polycrystalline Mo nanowires can be etched uniformly using a cyclic two‐step “digital” method: the metal surface is first oxidized with isotropic oxygen plasma to form a layer of MoO3, which is then selectively removed using either wet chemical or dry isotropic plasma etching. These two steps are repeated in cycles until the intended metal recess is achieved. High uniformity of plasma oxidation defines the etching uniformity, and small metal recess per cycle (typically 1–2 nm) provides precise control over the etching depth. This method can replace wet etching where high etching precision is needed, enabling the reliable manufacturing of nanoscale metal interconnects.

Abstract Recent surge in demand for computational power combined with strict constraints on energy consumption requires persistent increase in the density of transistors and memory cells in integrated circuits. Metal interconnects in their current form struggle to follow the size downscaling due to materials limitations at the nanoscale, causing severe performance losses. Next‐generation interconnects need new materials, and molybdenum (Mo) is considered the best choice, offering low resistivity, good scalability, and barrierless integration at a low cost. However, it requires annealing at temperatures far exceeding the currently accepted limit. In this work, the challenges of high‐temperature annealing of patterned Mo nanowires are looked into, and a new approach is presented to overcome them. It is demonstrated that while a conventional annealing process improves the average grain size, it can also reduce the cross‐section area, thus increasing the resistivity. Using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with in situ heating, the evolution of structural features in real time is directly observed. Using insights from these experiments, a cyclic pulsed annealing method is developed, and it is shown that the desired grain structure is achieved in only a few seconds, without forming the surface grooves. These findings can radically facilitate Mo integration, boosting the efficiency of future integrated circuits.

We have read with interest the article entitled “A Cross-sectional Study to Evaluate Beta Cell Function in Individuals with Newly Diagnosed Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications,”1 elevated C-peptide levels are indicative of both insulin resistance and beta cell malfunction. These factors are directly linked to the development of complications associated with young-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (YO-T2DM), including obesity, hypertension, and diabetic kidney disease. The present letter aims to expand the current diagnostic testing options for early detection of YO-T2DM.

The limited industrial use of indigenous varieties of native potatoes has caused a decrease in its cultivation, restricting it to the self-consumption of the Andean population. The present study analyzed the physicochemical, thermal, and structural properties of the starches extracted from four of these varieties Aq'hu Pukucho, Yurakk Kkachun Wakkachi, Yurac Anca, and Huarmi Mallco, as a potential source of be used in industries such as food, pharmaceutical and, bioplastics. The percentage yield in wet extraction ranged between 14.53 and 20.26 %. The luminosity L* and whiteness index (WI) values were observed in ranges of 90.75–92.71 and 90.05–91.50, respectively. The Finding revealed various techno-functional properties, since the level of amylose varied between 36.29 and 43.97 %, an average zeta potential of −22 mV, and a maximum viscosity between 19,450–14,583 cP. The starches showed consistent thermal behavior since the TGA curves showed three stages with gelatinization temperatures that ranged between 54.9 and 59.75 °C, an enthalpy of 3.60–6.62 J/g, and various shapes of particles such as circular, elliptical, and oval. In conclusion, the relationships between variables such as water absorption index, swelling power, viscosity, crystallinity, enthalpy, and gelatinization temperature reveal different characteristics of each type of starch, which can influence its use.

La investigación y desarrollo (I+D) es esencial en la búsqueda de la solución de desafíos globales. Conscientes de esta importancia y de otras ventajas asociadas, las empresas han desarrollado estrategias que contemplen I+D en sus operaciones. Para abordar las tendencias en este ámbito, se realizó una revisión sistemática y un análisis cienciométrico en Scopus de trabajos publicados entre 2018 y 2022. Se identificaron tres tipos de tendencias: consolidadas, intermedias y emergentes; así como tres subtemas flamantes de investigación en I+D empresarial: tecnologías emergentes, innovación abierta y patentes. El estudio revela la importancia de las tecnologías emergentes en la I+D empresarial y destaca la necesidad de abordar los desafíos éticos y legales que plantean. La estrategia de innovación abierta se presenta como valiosa para aquellas empresas que buscan colaboración externa, mientras que la protección de patentes se mantiene fundamental para salvaguardar las inversiones y preservar la ventaja competitiva. Se sugiere que las organizaciones consideren la combinación de patentes con otros mecanismos de propiedad intelectual para extender la protección de sus innovaciones.

La preocupación por el cambio climático ha impulsado la búsqueda de soluciones energéticas sostenibles. En este contexto, el hidrógeno verde se destaca como una opción emergente y prometedora, dada su producción libre de emisiones de carbono y extensa aplicabilidad. No obstante, su abordaje académico a nivel peruano es aún escueto. A partir de ello, se tiene como objetivo analizar el potencial del hidrógeno verde en el Perú, considerando aspectos técnicos, económicos, ambientales y regulatorios. El estudio se basa en una revisión de la matriz energética actual peruana, identificando sus retos y limitaciones, y explora las oportunidades y ventajas que este podría ofrecer en el contexto nacional, examinando también experiencias internacionales. Se observa que el Perú posee una matriz energética diversa, pero enfrenta retos en términos de infraestructura, dependencia de combustibles fósiles y vulnerabilidad a fluctuaciones de precios internacionales. El hidrógeno verde tiene el potencial de aprovechar los recursos naturales renovables y ofrece beneficios económicos, ambientales y sociales, así como una mayor diversificación y seguridad energética. Se concluye que la implementación exitosa del hidrógeno verde en el Perú requerirá abordar obstáculos técnicos, establecer un marco regulatorio sólido y garantizar el acceso a financiamiento asequible. Las experiencias internacionales resaltan la colaboración entre el gobierno, industria e instituciones académicas para acelerar el desarrollo de estas tecnologías. Asimismo, el establecimiento de un marco regulatorio y político que proporcione seguridad y fomente la colaboración es menester. Una limitación del trabajo es que aborda sucintamente el ámbito de costo de las plantas de producción, punto posible de futuras investigaciones.

Modifying starch allows for improvements in its properties to enable improved uses in food matrices, bioplastics, and encapsulating agents. In this research, four varieties of native potato starch were modified by acid treatment, enzymatic treatment, and ethanol precipitation, and their physicochemical, structural, thermal, and techno-functional characteristics were analyzed. According to FT-IR analysis, no influence of the modified starches on the chemical groups was observed, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spherical and oval shapes were observed in the acid and enzymatic treatments, with particle sizes between 27 and 36 μm. In particular, the ethanolic precipitation treatment yielded a different morphology with a particle size between 10.9 and 476.3 nm, resulting in a significant decrease in gelatinization temperature (DSC) and more pronounced crystallites (XRD). On the other hand, the enzymatic treatment showed higher values for z-potential (ζ), and the acid treatment showed lower mass loss (TGA). Acid and ethanolic treatments affected the dough properties compared to native starches. The techno-functional properties showed a decrease in the water absorption index, an increase in the water solubility index, and varied swelling power behaviors. In conclusion, the modification of potato starches through acid, enzymatic, and ethanolic precipitation treatments alters their physicochemical properties, such as swelling capacity, viscosity, and thermal stability. This in turn affects their molecular structure, modifying morphology and the ability to form gels, which expands their applications in the food industry to improve textures, stabilize emulsions, and thicken products. Furthermore, these modifications also open new opportunities for the development of bioplastics by improving the biodegradability and mechanical properties of starch-based plastic materials.

Molybdenum (Mo) has a high potential of becoming the material of choice for sub‐10 nm scale metal structures in future integrated circuits (ICs). Manufacturing at this scale requires exceptional precision and consistency, so many metal processing techniques must be reconsidered. In particular, present direct wet chemical etching methods produce anisotropic etching profiles with significant surface roughness, which can be detrimental to device performance. Here, it is shown that polycrystalline Mo nanowires can be etched uniformly using a cyclic two‐step "digital" method: the metal surface is first oxidized with isotropic oxygen plasma to form a layer of MoO3, which is then selectively removed using either wet chemical or dry isotropic plasma etching. These two steps are repeated in cycles until the intended metal recess is achieved. High uniformity of plasma oxidation defines the etching uniformity, and small metal recess per cycle (typically 1–2 nm) provides precise control over the etching depth. This method can replace wet etching where high etching precision is needed, enabling the reliable manufacturing of nanoscale metal interconnects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation has the objective of determining how socioeconomic factors affect tax collection in a high Andean market in southern Peru; Therefore, a cross-sectional correlational investigation was carried out, where we used a 15-item questionnaire on socioeconomic factors and tax collection, applying a survey to 290 merchants; Finding thus, as a result that the correlation presented by the socioeconomic factor and tax collection in merchants is Rho = 0.516 (sig.=0.000), which represents a moderate positive correlation between its variables, then it can be pointed out that the greater the application of socioeconomic factors will increase tax collection in merchants; Likewise, with the database, a prevalence analysis was also carried out where it was possible to demonstrate that the most prevalent dimension between socioeconomic factors and tax collection is the economic factor, with a significance level > 0.05, because even when the majority of merchants do not have higher education, they know and manage their income and expenses rudimentarily, thus having the possibility of paying their taxes, despite the fact that most do not do so either due to lack of tax knowledge, or simply because they are willing to pay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato sauce is one of the most consumed dish components in the world; and, for this reason, it is one of the most studied in the food industry. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of quinoa germ on the chromatic properties of tomato sauce. Tomato paste was prepared with additions of powdered quinoa germ using an analysis of variance of a single factor where the percentage of quinoa germ was the independent variable and water content, water activity (aw), and chromatic properties were the response variables. The results showed that as the percentage of germ increased, values of water content and water activity lowered. However, the chromatic properties showed values with a tendency to increase. In conclusion, the quinoa germ directly impacted the variables studied.

Recent surge in demand for computational power combined with strict constraints on energy consumption requires persistent increase in the density of transistors and memory cells in integrated circuits. Metal interconnects in their current form struggle to follow the size downscaling due to materials limitations at the nanoscale, causing severe performance losses. Next‐generation interconnects need new materials, and molybdenum (Mo) is considered the best choice, offering low resistivity, good scalability, and barrierless integration at a low cost. However, it requires annealing at temperatures far exceeding the currently accepted limit. In this work, the challenges of high‐temperature annealing of patterned Mo nanowires are looked into, and a new approach is presented to overcome them. It is demonstrated that while a conventional annealing process improves the average grain size, it can also reduce the cross‐section area, thus increasing the resistivity. Using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with in situ heating, the evolution of structural features in real time is directly observed. Using insights from these experiments, a cyclic pulsed annealing method is developed, and it is shown that the desired grain structure is achieved in only a few seconds, without forming the surface grooves. These findings can radically facilitate Mo integration, boosting the efficiency of future integrated circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the nutritional quality and the levels of acceptability of innovated fish-based products in the Province of Llo, Peru. The research was of an applied type. The elaboration of the products was carried out in the laboratory of fishing processes of the Professional School of Fishing Engineering of the National University of Moquegua, then the nutritional evaluation was carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Zootechnics of the National Agrarian University of La Molina Subsequently, the acceptability analysis was carried out in the dining room facilities of the Santa Elizabeth Educational Institution in the Llo Province, using a hedonic scale of 7-level categories as an instrument. The results show that the protein in the innovated products: breaded and kamaboko (fish paste) are present with 25.55% in breaded with bean flour, followed by breaded with banana flour with 21.94% and finally kamaboko with 20.34%. Breaded with banana flour was the one that had the highest acceptance with 86.3%, followed by kamaboko paste with 59.2%, while breaded with bean flour only obtained 26.7%. When evaluating the levels of nutritional quality and acceptability of the innovated fish-based products, it can be concluded that they have nutritional quality and a high level of acceptance, especially the breaded with banana flour and kamaboko paste.

The practice of physical exercise is recommended in the prevention of the deterioration of neuromuscular functions in aging. The objectives of this systematic review were to describe the protocols used and the functional fitness indicators evaluated in aquatic exercise programs in adults aged 50 to 80 years. The Pubmed database was used. The keywords were: 1) Physical exercise program or protocols or duration or type of exercise or aquatic exercise, frequency or intensity or indicators; 2) Adults or older adults; 3) Training or indicators, functional fitness, physical fitness. The search strategy considered the components of the Population, Interventions, Comparators, Outcomes, and Study design (PICOS) tool. Nine experimental studies were identified. These studies developed protocols to improve functional fitness in adults aged 50 to 80 years. They were based on sessions of 2 to 5 per week, the work time per session was 30 to 60min, intensities varied between 50 to 95% and totaled between 4 to 24 weeks of intervention. The activities were based on aquatic gymnastic exercises aimed at muscular strengthening of the upper and lower extremities, as well as coordination, balance, agility, cycling and walking exercises submerged in water. The protocols developed to improve functional fitness in adults aged 50 to 80 years were based on general physical exercise prescription guidelines (frequency, duration, intensity and type of activity). The application of aquatic exercises based on gymnastic exercises can provoke positive responses on functional fitness if worked at least 2 to 5 times per week, 30 to 60min/day and at intensities of 50 to 95%. These systematized indicators can be used by professionals working with adults to create and promote aquatic programs to improve functional fitness.