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Breast cancer continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality globally and was the leading cause of cancer death in women in Spain in 2020. Early diagnosis is one of the most effective methods to lower the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer. The human metalloproteinases (MMP) mainly function as proteolytic enzymes degrading the extracellular matrix and plays important roles in most steps of breast tumorigenesis. This retrospective cohort study shows the immunohistochemical expression levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 in 154 women with breast cancer and 42 women without tumor disease. The samples of breast tissue are assessed using several tissue matrices (TMA). The percentages of staining (≤50%–&gt, 50%) and intensity levels of staining (weak, moderate, or intense) are considered. The immunohistochemical expression of the MMP-1-intensity (p = 0.043) and MMP-3 percentage (p = 0.018) and intensity, (p = 0.025) present statistically significant associations with the variable group (control–case), therefore, expression in the tumor tissue samples of these MMPs may be related to the development of breast cancer. The relationships between these MMPs and some clinicopathological factors in breast cancer are also evaluated but no correlation is found. These results suggest the use of MMP-1 and MMP-3 as potential biomarkers of breast cancer diagnosis.

Introduction In recent years, with widespread laparoscopic cholecystectomy and liver transplantation, complications involving the biliary system are increasing. All current techniques have a high risk of recurrence or high morbidity. Material and methods A 3-dimensional collagen bile duct modified with agarose hydrogel was developed to substitute the affected extrahepatic bile duct. It was used in 40 guinea pigs and the histology and physiology were studied at 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after transplantation. Conclusions The graft showed high potential in applications to treat hepatobiliary diseases which require surgery.

Resumen Introduccion En la actualidad el tratamiento de la via biliar extrahepatica afectada por cancer, estenosis, lesiones iatrogenicas y otras patologias consiste en la reseccion de las mismas, y una anastomosis en los casos mas graves de la placa hiliar biliar al intestino delgado. Material y metodos Nuestro grupo ha desarrollado un tubo tridimensional de colageno y agarosa para reparar la via biliar. Se emplearon 40 animales de experimentacion, que fueron estudiados fisiologica e histologicamente a las 4 semanas, 3 y 6 meses. Conclusiones Nuestras protesis mostraron gran histocompatibilidad y mantenian una normofisiologia que hace pensar en las posibles aplicaciones clinicas que podrian tener en un futuro.

Background In recent years, with the widespread use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and liver transplantation, complications involving the biliary system are increasing. All techniques available have a high risk of recurrence or high-morbidity problems. We developed a three-dimensional collagen duct modified with agarose hydrogel, to substitute the affected extrahepatic bile duct. Materials and methods We used it in 40 guinea pigs and studied the histology and physiology at 4 wk, 3, and 6 mo after transplantation. Blood test, histologic techniques, and cholangiography were performed in all of them. Results All experimental animals survived up to their sacrifices. Our graft showed highly potential applications to treat hepatobiliary diseases that require surgery.