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Background: Credelio™ (lotilaner; Elanco) is indicated for the treatment of flea and tick infestations on cats at a recommended lotilaner dose rate of 6-24 mg/kg. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of lotilaner following a single oral administration to cats for the treatment and prevention of adult Ctenocephalides felis fleas and flea egg production under laboratory conditions., Methods: Two treatment groups of ten cats each were used in this study. One group was treated with lotilaner at a dose rate of 6-9 mg/kg on Day 0 and the other group served as the control group. Each cat was infested with 100 unfed adult fleas on days -1, 6, 13, 20 and 29. At 24 h post-treatment or post-infestation, each cat was combed to remove and count adult live fleas. At each time point, flea eggs were also collected and counted from under each cat cage., Results: Following a single oral administration of lotilaner at a minimum dose rate of 6 mg/kg (range 6.00-8.57 mg/kg), the lotilaner group displayed 100%, 100%, 99.9%, 99.9% and 99.8% efficacy against adult live flea counts as compared to the control group on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 30, respectively. At each time point, adult flea counts from the lotilaner-treated cats were significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than from the control group. A mean flea egg count of 22.6 in the lotilaner-treated cats (compared to 441.7 in the control animals) was observed 24 h post-treatment. No eggs were present from any of the treated cats on Days 7, 14 and 30 and a single egg was detected on a single treated cat on Day 21. One adverse event (regurgitated food) was observed during the study in one treated cat approximately 1 h after dosing., Conclusions: Lotilaner was well tolerated; only one adverse event was observed in the treated group. Virtually all adult fleas were killed within 24 h post-treatment or post-infestation in cats treated with a single dose of lotilaner as compared to the control group, thus significantly reducing the number of flea eggs being produced for 30 days after treatment.

Background: Studies show that the novel isoxazoline, lotilaner (Credelio™ CAT; Elanco Animal Health), which is administered orally to cats, provides rapid and sustained flea kill for least 1 month following administration with a wide safety margin. A clinical trial was undertaken to confirm its efficacy, impact on flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) and safety under field conditions., Methods: A total of 343 cats were enrolled in the study at 11 veterinary clinics in the USA. Upon inclusion, cat households were randomized at a ratio of 2:1 to receive lotilaner tablets at the recommended dose (minimum 6 mg/kg) or a topical formulation containing fipronil + S-methoprene (Frontline® Plus for cats; Boehringer Ingelheim), administered per label. Owners were dispensed treatments for administration on days 0, 30 and 60; all household cats were administered the same treatment. Flea counts were made on primary cats (1 cat per household) on days 0 (pre-treatment), 30, 60 and 90. Flea allergy dermatitis was assessed on days 30, 60 and 90 for all cats with signs of FAD on day 0. Lotilaner-treated cats were also assessed for their acceptance of oral tablet administration by the pet owner, and safety was assessed for all cats in both groups., Results: Lotilaner efficacy was 98.3, 99.9 and 99.9% on days 30, 60 and 90, respectively, while the efficacy of fipronil + S-methoprene was 61.6, 75.4 and 84.7%, respectively (P < 0.0001, within both groups and all days). Flea counts were significantly lower in the lotilaner group than in the fipronil + S-methoprene group (P < 0.0001) on each assessment day. On day 90, 98.3% of lotilaner-treated cats and 28.8% of fipronil + S-methoprene-treated cats were free of fleas. Owners successfully administered 99.5% of tablets to their cats. Total FAD score was reduced significantly following treatment in both groups by day 30 (lotilaner: P < 0.0001; fipronil + S-methoprene: P = 0.0041) and continued to decrease following multiple treatments. Total FAD scores were also significantly lower in the lotilaner group than in the fipronil + S-methoprene group on day 90 (P = 0.0006 for FAD total score). Pruritus scores were significantly lower in the lotilaner group on all assessment days., Conclusion: A single lotilaner treatment, administered by the pet owner, was > 98% efficacious in reducing flea counts within 30 days. Three consecutive monthly lotilaner treatments resulted in nearly 100% reduction in flea infestation. In the evaluations of flea counts, number of cats free from fleas and pruritus FAD score, lotilaner was shown to be superior to fipronil + S-methoprene at all time points. Lotilaner was more efficacious than fipronil + S-methoprene and was associated with greater reduction in FAD signs. Lotilaner flavored tablets were well accepted by cats. Adverse reactions were mild and infrequent, confirming the safety of lotilaner tablets in client-owned cats.

Background: A spot-on spinetoram formulation (Cheristin ® ) was developed to eliminate fleas from infested cats. This paper describes three spinetoram studies: two for registration (Studies 1 and 2), and one comparing residual speed of kill (SOK) with topically applied fipronil/(S)-methoprene (FSM) and imidacloprid (Study 3)., Methods: Cats were randomized to treatment based on flea counts from infestations placed within 2 weeks prior to treatment. In Studies 1 and 2, groups were untreated control and spinetoram; in Study 3, groups were untreated control, spinetoram, FSM and imidacloprid, all applied per label on Day 0. Cats were infested the day before treatment. In Studies 1 and 2, counts were completed 48 h post-treatment and after weekly challenges through 5 weeks. In Study 3, infestations were completed weekly through Day 28, with counts 1, 4, 8 and 12 h after treatment or post-infestation (PI). Efficacy was determined on geometric mean flea count reductions compared with controls, and in Study 3 mean flea counts in spinetoram-groups were compared with those in FSM and imidacloprid groups., Results: In Studies 1 and 2, spinetoram effectiveness was 100% against existing infestations, and at least 96% through Day 37. In Study 3 mean counts were not significantly different from controls in any group until 8 h post-treatment when imidacloprid counts were significantly lower than spinetoram counts, which were in turn significantly lower than FSM counts (P < 0.05). At 1 h PI spinetoram-group counts were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than counts in: controls, all days; imidacloprid, Days 7, 14, and 28; FSM, Days 14 and 28. At 4 h PI, spinetoram mean counts were significantly lower (P < 0.05) relative to: controls, all days; imidacloprid, Days 7, 14 and 21; FSM, Days 7, 14, 21 and 28 (P < 0.05). On multiple occasions, at 8 and 12 h PI, mean counts were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for spinetoram than for imidacloprid and FSM; at no point were FSM or imidacloprid significantly more effective than spinetoram against new infestations. All treatments were well tolerated., Conclusions: Spinetoram was highly effective for at least 1 month post-treatment and provided more rapid month-long residual SOK than FSM or imidacloprid.

The efficacy of spinosad against adult fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) on dogs was evaluated in three controlled, blinded studies. One study was conducted to determine speed of kill on experimentally infested dogs. Two additional studies were designed to assess the efficacy of spinosad in preventing environmental contamination with flea eggs (USA study and EU study). An additional objective of the USA study was to assess the effects of skin and hair-coat debris from spinosad-treated dogs on eggs and larvae of C. felis. Dogs were randomly allocated to treatment with beef-flavored spinosad tablets, administered orally at a minimum dosage of 30mg/kg, or placebo. In the first study, speed of kill was determined by flea comb counts performed at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48h after spinosad treatment. Reductions in geometric mean flea counts for spinosad-treated dogs, compared to placebo were 53.7% at 0.5h, 64.2% at 1h, 85.8% at 2h and 100% at 4 through 48h post-treatment (p<0.05 at 1h and beyond). In the 2 flea egg production studies, dogs were treated (spinosad or placebo) once on day 0, infested with 600 fleas approximately 3h post-treatment and reinfested with approximately 600 fleas at intervals over 1 month. Flea eggs were collected starting at approximately 72h after each infestation. Eggs were examined for any effects of spinosad on egg viability. Efficacy of spinosad was also evaluated against environmental eggs and larvae exposed to canine hair-coat debris collected on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30. Spinosad was highly effective in reducing flea egg production (>99.8% across the entire study period) compared to control dogs in both egg collection studies. Insufficient numbers of eggs were recovered from spinosad-treated dogs to determine the viability of those eggs. There was no evidence of any effect on environmental flea stages, indicating that spinosad was not present in the skin debris of spinosad-treated dogs. The capability of spinosad to quickly kill adult fleas, and to greatly reduce egg production following challenge with high numbers of adult fleas is important in breaking the flea life cycle and preventing the introduction and establishment of new flea infestations in the household.