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The germline ‘APOBEC3A/B’ deletion polymorphism, previously linked to APOBEC-dependent mutational signatures, was found associated with lung cancer risk among young individuals and age at diagnosis for lung and prostate cancer. No associations were found to breast or colon cancer., Activity of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic-polypeptide-like (APOBEC) enzymes has been linked to specific mutational processes in human cancer genomes. A germline APOBEC3A/B deletion polymorphism is associated with APOBEC-dependent mutational signatures, and the deletion allele has been reported to confer an elevated risk of some cancers in Asian populations, while the results in European populations, so far, have been conflicting. We genotyped the APOBEC3A/B deletion polymorphism in a large population-based sample consisting of 11 106 Caucasian (Norwegian) individuals, including 7279 incident cancer cases (1769 breast, 1360 lung, 1585 colon, and 2565 prostate cancer) and a control group of 3827 matched individuals without cancer (1918 females and 1909 males) from the same population. Overall, the APOBEC3A/B deletion polymorphism was not associated with risk of any of the four cancer types. However, in subgroup analyses stratified by age, we found that the deletion allele was associated with increased risk for lung cancer among individuals

To evaluate how age influences the selection to different treatment modalities for rectal cancer and how these differences in approach affect the short- and long-term outcomes.A single-center cohort of all 837 rectal cancer patients diagnosed between 1994 and 2006 was analyzed. Patients75, 75-79, 80-84, and85 years were compared.Treatment for cure was judged possible for 80.8, 77.9, 74.6, and 65.3 % of the four age groups (p = 0.02), and radiochemotherapy was given to 22.9, 19.3, 10.2, and 2 % of the same groups (p = 0.001). Local resection was performed for 3.7, 14.7, 13.6, and 24.5 % (p0.001) and anterior resection for 66.6, 54.1, 56.8, and 49 % (p0.001). The 5-year rates of local recurrence were 5.3, 8.3, 12.8, and 22.3 % (p0.001), and overall survival was 70, 54, 45.9, and 29.8 % in the four groups treated with curative intent (p0.001). Relative survival was 76.4, 72.6, 72.9, and 72.3 % (ns).Age caused treatment to be modified; there was less surgery for patients over 85 years, less radiochemotherapy over 80 years, and less major radical surgery over 75 years. This strategy resulted in more local recurrences among the elderly, although no certain effect on relative survival was observed.

Objective: To compare body mass index (BMI) and waist and hip circumference in early puberty (10.8 years in girls and 11.8 years in boys) among offspring of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies. Design: Population based follow-up study. Methods: Anthropometry measured in early puberty in 91 girls and 92 boys of preeclamptic pregnancies, and in 194 girls and 166 boys of normotensive pregnancies, with similar anthropometric measures among mothers, performed at the beginning of the index pregnancy, and at follow-up, when their offspring were in early puberty. Results: Among girls, the preeclampsia group had higher body mass (BMI 18.3 kg/m 2 vs 17.5 kg/m 2 , p = 0.01) and larger waist circumference (63.7 cm vs 61.6 cm, p = 0.05) compared to the normotensive group, but the differences were restricted to the offspring of mothers with a high body mass (BMI >30 kg/m 2 ). Among boys, we observed no differences in anthropometric measurements between groups. Conclusions: The higher BMI and larger waist of daughters of women with preeclampsia was only present if their mothers were obese. These results suggest that preeclampsia in obese women may lead to a distinct disadvantage in body size for their daughters in early puberty.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and safety of photo-selective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) under local anaesthesia in patients suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to prostatic obstruction. MATERIAL & METHODS: 150 pa tients at the average age of 73 (range 51-92) and a mean/median ASA-score of 2.4/2.0 were included. PVP was performed under either general or spinal anaesthesia in the first 67 patients and under local anaesthesia (peri-prostatic infiltration with 0.25% bupivacain-adrenalin 20 ml) and light sedation in the remaining 83 patients. Surgical variables including asa-score, operative-time, blood-pressure, oxygen saturation, pre- and post-op haemoglobin (Hgb) were recorded. Post operative need for pain medication, catheter-time, and time to pts. hospital discharge were also recorded. RESULTS: No patient with local anaesth esia required conversion to general anaesthesia. The median Hgb fall from pre-op. to post-op. was 0.55g/dl . The median requirement for post-op. catheterization was 2 hrs after local anaesthesia and 9 hrs after general or sp inal anaesthesia. The median time from operation to hospital discharge was 12 hrs in local anaesthesia and 24 hrs for general or spinal anaesthesia (p

The purpose of this national study was to evaluate the results of treatment for young rectal cancer patients. This prospective study from the Norwegian Rectal Cancer Project includes all 2,283 patients younger than aged 70 years with adenocarcinoma of the rectum from November 1993 to December 1999. Patients younger than aged 40 years (n = 45), 40 to 44 years (n = 87), 45 to 49 years (n = 153), and 50 to 69 years (n = 1998) were compared for patient and tumor characteristics and five-year overall survival. Patients treated for cure (n = 1,354) were evaluated for local recurrence, distant metastasis, and disease-free survival. Patients younger than aged 40 years had significantly higher frequencies of poorly differentiated tumors (27 vs. 12–16 percent; P = 0.014), N2-stage (37 vs. 13–18 percent; P = 0.001), and distant metastases (38 vs. 19–24 percent; P = 0.019) compared with older patients. Among those treated for cure, 56 percent of the patients younger than aged 40 years developed distant metastases compared with 20 to 26 percent of the older patients (P = 0.003). Overall five-year survival was 54 percent for patients younger than aged 40years compared with 71 to 88 percent for the older patients (P = 0.029). Age younger than 40 years was a significant independent prognostic factor and increased the risk for metastasis and death. Patients younger than aged 40 years had a more advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and poor prognosis compared with older patients. Young patients treated for cure more often developed distant metastases and had inferior survival.

The purpose of this national study was to examine the long-term results of transanal excision compared with major surgery of T1 rectal cancer.This prospective study from the Norwegian Rectal Cancer Project included all 291 patients with a T1M0 tumor within 15 cm from the anal verge treated by anterior resection, abdominoperineal resection, Hartmann's procedure, or transanal excision in the period from November 1993 to December 1999.Two hundred fifty-six patients were treated by major surgery and 35 patients by transanal excision. None of the patients had neoadjuvant therapy. Macroscopic tumor remnants (R2) occurred in 17 percent (6/35) of the transanal excisions, while major surgery obtained 100 percent R0 resections. Eleven percent of the patients treated with major surgery had glandular involvement. There were no significant differences according to tumor localization, size, or differentiation between Stage I and Stage III tumors. Patients treated with transanal excision were older than patients having major surgery (mean age, 77 vs. 68 years, P0.001). After curative resection (R0, R1, Rx) the five-year rate of local recurrence was 12 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 0-24) in the transanal excision group compared with 6 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 2-10) after major surgery (P = 0.010). The overall five-year survival was 70 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 52-88) in the transanal excision group compared with 80 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 74-85) in the major surgery group (P = 0.04) and the five-year disease-free survival was 64 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 46-82) in the transanal excision group compared with 77 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 71-83) in the major surgery group (P = 0.01).The main problem of transanal excision for early rectal cancer in the present study was the inability to remove all the malignancy. Patients treated with transanal excision had significantly higher rates of local recurrence compared with patients who underwent major surgery. Patients who had transanal excision had inferior survival, but they were older than those who had major surgery.