21 results on '"Pašalić, Esther"'
Search Results
2. Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality
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Soliveres, Santiago, Manning, Peter, Prati, Daniel, Gossner, Martin M., Alt, Fabian, Arndt, Hartmut, Baumgartner, Vanessa, Binkenstein, Julia, Birkhofer, Klaus, Blaser, Stefan, Blüthgen, Nico, Boch, Steffen, Böhm, Stefan, Börschig, Carmen, Buscot, Francois, Diekötter, Tim, Heinze, Johannes, Hölzel, Norbert, Jung, Kirsten, Klaus, Valentin H., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Kleinebecker, Till, Klemmer, Sandra, Krauss, Jochen, Lange, Markus, Morris, E. Kathryn, Müller, Jörg, Oelmann, Yvonne, Overmann, Jörg, Pašalić, Esther, Renner, Swen C., Rillig, Matthias C., Schaefer, H. Martin, Schloter, Michael, Schmitt, Barbara, Schöning, Ingo, Schrumpf, Marion, Sikorski, Johannes, Socher, Stephanie A., Solly, Emily F., Sonnemann, Ilja, Sorkau, Elisabeth, Steckel, Juliane, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Stempfhuber, Barbara, Tschapka, Marco, Türke, Manfred, Venter, Paul, Weiner, Christiane N., Weisser, Wolfgang W., Werner, Michael, Westphal, Catrin, Wilcke, Wolfgang, Wolters, Volkmar, Wubet, Tesfaye, Wurst, Susanne, Fischer, Markus, and Allan, Eric
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- 2016
3. Interannual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity
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Allan, Eric, Bossdorf, Oliver, Dormann, Carsten F., Prati, Daniel, Gossner, Martin M., Tscharntke, Teja, Blüthgen, Nico, Bellach, Michaela, Birkhofer, Klaus, Boch, Steffen, Böhm, Stefan, Börschig, Carmen, Chatzinotas, Antonis, Christ, Sabina, Daniel, Rolf, Diekötter, Tim, Fischer, Christiane, Friedl, Thomas, Glaser, Karin, Hallmann, Christine, Hodac, Ladislav, Hölzel, Norbert, Jung, Kirsten, Klein, Alexandra Maria, Klaus, Valentin H., Kleinebecker, Till, Krauss, Jochen, Lange, Markus, Morris, E. Kathryn, Müller, Jörg, Nacke, Heiko, Pašalić, Esther, Rillig, Matthias C., Rothenwöhrer, Christoph, Schally, Peter, Scherber, Christoph, Schulze, Waltraud, Socher, Stephanie A., Steckel, Juliane, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Türke, Manfred, Weiner, Christiane N., Werner, Michael, Westphal, Catrin, Wolters, Volkmar, Wubet, Tesfaye, Gockel, Sonja, Gorke, Martin, Hemp, Andreas, Renner, Swen C., Schöningt, Ingo, Pfeiffer, Simone, König-Ries, Birgitta, Buscot, François, Linsenmair, Karl Eduard, Schulzet, Ernst-Detlef, Weisser, Wolfgang W., and Fischer, Markus
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- 2014
4. A comparison of the strength of biodiversity effects across multiple functions
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Allan, Eric, Weisser, Wolfgang W., Fischer, Markus, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Weigelt, Alexandra, Roscher, Christiane, Baade, Jussi, Barnard, Romain L., Beßler, Holger, Buchmann, Nina, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Engels, Christof, Fergus, Alexander J. F., Gleixner, Gerd, Gubsch, Marlén, Halle, Stefan, Klein, Alexandra M., Kertscher, Ilona, Kuu, Annely, Lange, Markus, Le Roux, Xavier, Meyer, Sebastian T., Migunova, Varvara D., Milcu, Alexandru, Niklaus, Pascal A., Oelmann, Yvonne, Pašalić, Esther, Petermann, Jana S., Poly, Franck, Rottstock, Tanja, Sabais, Alexander C. W., Scherber, Christoph, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Scheu, Stefan, Steinbeiss, Sibylle, Schwichtenberg, Guido, Temperton, Vicky, Tscharntke, Teja, Voigt, Winfried, Wilcke, Wolfgang, Wirth, Christian, and Schmid, Bernhard
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- 2013
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5. Limitations to the use of arthropods as temperate forests indicators
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Gossner, Martin M., Fonseca, Carlos Roberto, Pašalić, Esther, Türke, Manfred, Lange, Markus, and Weisser, Wolfgang W.
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- 2014
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6. Land-use intensification causes multitrophic homogenization of grassland communities
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Gossner, Martin M., primary, Lewinsohn, Thomas M., additional, Kahl, Tiemo, additional, Grassein, Fabrice, additional, Boch, Steffen, additional, Prati, Daniel, additional, Birkhofer, Klaus, additional, Renner, Swen C., additional, Sikorski, Johannes, additional, Wubet, Tesfaye, additional, Arndt, Hartmut, additional, Baumgartner, Vanessa, additional, Blaser, Stefan, additional, Blüthgen, Nico, additional, Börschig, Carmen, additional, Buscot, Francois, additional, Diekötter, Tim, additional, Jorge, Leonardo Ré, additional, Jung, Kirsten, additional, Keyel, Alexander C., additional, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, additional, Klemmer, Sandra, additional, Krauss, Jochen, additional, Lange, Markus, additional, Müller, Jörg, additional, Overmann, Jörg, additional, Pašalić, Esther, additional, Penone, Caterina, additional, Perović, David J., additional, Purschke, Oliver, additional, Schall, Peter, additional, Socher, Stephanie A., additional, Sonnemann, Ilja, additional, Tschapka, Marco, additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Türke, Manfred, additional, Venter, Paul Christiaan, additional, Weiner, Christiane N., additional, Werner, Michael, additional, Wolters, Volkmar, additional, Wurst, Susanne, additional, Westphal, Catrin, additional, Fischer, Markus, additional, Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional, and Allan, Eric, additional
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- 2016
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7. Differential responses of herbivores and herbivory to management in temperate European beech
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Gossner, Martin M., Pašalić, Esther, Lange, Markus, Lange, Patricia, Boch, Steffen, Hessenmöller, Dominik, Müller, Jörg, Socher, Stephanie, Fischer, Markus, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, and Weisser, Wolfgang W.
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Insecta ,Arthropoda ,lcsh:Medicine ,580 Plants (Botany) ,Forests ,Ecosystems ,Trees ,Germany ,Fagus ,Animals ,Herbivory ,Terrestrial Ecology ,lcsh:Science ,Mites ,Ecology ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Biodiversity ,Plants ,Invertebrates ,Trophic Interactions ,Plant Leaves ,Species Interactions ,Community Ecology ,Parasitism ,lcsh:Q ,Zoology ,Entomology ,Ecosystem Functioning ,Research Article - Abstract
Forest management not only affects biodiversity but also might alter ecosystem processes mediated by the organisms, i.e. herbivory the removal of plant biomass by plant-eating insects and other arthropod groups. Aiming at revealing general relationships between forest management and herbivory we investigated aboveground arthropod herbivory in 105 plots dominated by European beech in three different regions in Germany in the sun-exposed canopy of mature beech trees and on beech saplings in the understorey. We separately assessed damage by different guilds of herbivores, i.e. chewing, sucking and scraping herbivores, gall-forming insects and mites, and leaf-mining insects. We asked whether herbivory differs among different forest management regimes (unmanaged, uneven-aged managed, even-aged managed) and among age-classes within even-aged forests. We further tested for consistency of relationships between regions, strata and herbivore guilds. On average, almost 80% of beech leaves showed herbivory damage, and about 6% of leaf area was consumed. Chewing damage was most common, whereas leaf sucking and scraping damage were very rare. Damage was generally greater in the canopy than in the understorey, in particular for chewing and scraping damage, and the occurrence of mines. There was little difference in herbivory among differently managed forests and the effects of management on damage differed among regions, strata and damage types. Covariates such as wood volume, tree density and plant diversity weakly influenced herbivory, and effects differed between herbivory types. We conclude that despite of the relatively low number of species attacking beech; arthropod herbivory on beech is generally high. We further conclude that responses of herbivory to forest management are multifaceted and environmental factors such as forest structure variables affecting in particular microclimatic conditions are more likely to explain the variability in herbivory among beech forest plots.
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- 2014
8. Differential Responses of Herbivores and Herbivory to Management in Temperate European Beech
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Gossner, Martin M., Pašalić, Esther, Lange, Markus, Lange, Patricia, Boch, Steffen, Hessenmöller, Dominik, Müller, Jörg, Socher, Stephanie A., Fischer, Markus, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, and Weisser, Wolfgang W.
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ddc - Published
- 2013
9. Resource-Mediated Indirect Effects of Grassland Management on Arthropod Diversity
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Simons, Nadja K., Gossner, Martin M., Lewinsohn, Thomas M., Boch, Steffen, Lange, Markus, Müller, Jörg, Pašalić, Esther, Socher, Stephanie A., Türke, Manfred, Fischer, Markus, and Weisser, Wolfgang W.
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ddc - Published
- 2013
10. Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality
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Soliveres, Santiago, primary, van der Plas, Fons, additional, Manning, Peter, additional, Prati, Daniel, additional, Gossner, Martin M., additional, Renner, Swen C., additional, Alt, Fabian, additional, Arndt, Hartmut, additional, Baumgartner, Vanessa, additional, Binkenstein, Julia, additional, Birkhofer, Klaus, additional, Blaser, Stefan, additional, Blüthgen, Nico, additional, Boch, Steffen, additional, Böhm, Stefan, additional, Börschig, Carmen, additional, Buscot, Francois, additional, Diekötter, Tim, additional, Heinze, Johannes, additional, Hölzel, Norbert, additional, Jung, Kirsten, additional, Klaus, Valentin H., additional, Kleinebecker, Till, additional, Klemmer, Sandra, additional, Krauss, Jochen, additional, Lange, Markus, additional, Morris, E. Kathryn, additional, Müller, Jörg, additional, Oelmann, Yvonne, additional, Overmann, Jörg, additional, Pašalić, Esther, additional, Rillig, Matthias C., additional, Schaefer, H. Martin, additional, Schloter, Michael, additional, Schmitt, Barbara, additional, Schöning, Ingo, additional, Schrumpf, Marion, additional, Sikorski, Johannes, additional, Socher, Stephanie A., additional, Solly, Emily F., additional, Sonnemann, Ilja, additional, Sorkau, Elisabeth, additional, Steckel, Juliane, additional, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, additional, Stempfhuber, Barbara, additional, Tschapka, Marco, additional, Türke, Manfred, additional, Venter, Paul C., additional, Weiner, Christiane N., additional, Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional, Werner, Michael, additional, Westphal, Catrin, additional, Wilcke, Wolfgang, additional, Wolters, Volkmar, additional, Wubet, Tesfaye, additional, Wurst, Susanne, additional, Fischer, Markus, additional, and Allan, Eric, additional
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- 2016
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11. Beech forest management does not affect the infestation rate of the beech scaleCryptococcus fagisugaacross three regions in Germany
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Köhler, Günter, primary, Pašalić, Esther, additional, Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional, and Gossner, Martin M., additional
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- 2014
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12. Effects of forest management on ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera; Carabidae, Staphylinidae) in Central Europe are mainly mediated by changes in forest structure
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Lange, Markus, primary, Türke, Manfred, additional, Pašalić, Esther, additional, Boch, Steffen, additional, Hessenmöller, Dominik, additional, Müller, Jörg, additional, Prati, Daniel, additional, Socher, Stephanie A., additional, Fischer, Markus, additional, Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional, and Gossner, Martin M., additional
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- 2014
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13. Resource-Mediated Indirect Effects of Grassland Management on Arthropod Diversity
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Simons, Nadja K., primary, Gossner, Martin M., additional, Lewinsohn, Thomas M., additional, Boch, Steffen, additional, Lange, Markus, additional, Müller, Jörg, additional, Pašalić, Esther, additional, Socher, Stephanie A., additional, Türke, Manfred, additional, Fischer, Markus, additional, and Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional
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- 2014
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14. Interannual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity
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Allan, Eric, primary, Bossdorf, Oliver, additional, Dormann, Carsten F., additional, Prati, Daniel, additional, Gossner, Martin M., additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Blüthgen, Nico, additional, Bellach, Michaela, additional, Birkhofer, Klaus, additional, Boch, Steffen, additional, Böhm, Stefan, additional, Börschig, Carmen, additional, Chatzinotas, Antonis, additional, Christ, Sabina, additional, Daniel, Rolf, additional, Diekötter, Tim, additional, Fischer, Christiane, additional, Friedl, Thomas, additional, Glaser, Karin, additional, Hallmann, Christine, additional, Hodac, Ladislav, additional, Hölzel, Norbert, additional, Jung, Kirsten, additional, Klein, Alexandra Maria, additional, Klaus, Valentin H., additional, Kleinebecker, Till, additional, Krauss, Jochen, additional, Lange, Markus, additional, Morris, E. Kathryn, additional, Müller, Jörg, additional, Nacke, Heiko, additional, Pašalić, Esther, additional, Rillig, Matthias C., additional, Rothenwöhrer, Christoph, additional, Schall, Peter, additional, Scherber, Christoph, additional, Schulze, Waltraud, additional, Socher, Stephanie A., additional, Steckel, Juliane, additional, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, additional, Türke, Manfred, additional, Weiner, Christiane N., additional, Werner, Michael, additional, Westphal, Catrin, additional, Wolters, Volkmar, additional, Wubet, Tesfaye, additional, Gockel, Sonja, additional, Gorke, Martin, additional, Hemp, Andreas, additional, Renner, Swen C., additional, Schöning, Ingo, additional, Pfeiffer, Simone, additional, König-Ries, Birgitta, additional, Buscot, François, additional, Linsenmair, Karl Eduard, additional, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, additional, Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional, and Fischer, Markus, additional
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- 2013
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15. The importance of heterogeneity revisited from a multiscale and multitaxa approach
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Gossner, Martin M., primary, Getzin, Stephan, additional, Lange, Markus, additional, Pašalić, Esther, additional, Türke, Manfred, additional, Wiegand, Kerstin, additional, and Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional
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- 2013
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16. Does organic grassland farming benefit plant and arthropod diversity at the expense of yield and soil fertility?
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Klaus, Valentin H., primary, Kleinebecker, Till, additional, Prati, Daniel, additional, Gossner, Martin M., additional, Alt, Fabian, additional, Boch, Steffen, additional, Gockel, Sonja, additional, Hemp, Andreas, additional, Lange, Markus, additional, Müller, Jörg, additional, Oelmann, Yvonne, additional, Pašalić, Esther, additional, Renner, Swen C., additional, Socher, Stephanie A., additional, Türke, Manfred, additional, Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional, Fischer, Markus, additional, and Hölzel, Norbert, additional
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- 2013
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17. Beech forest management does not affect the infestation rate of the beech scale Cryptococcus fagisuga across three regions in Germany.
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Köhler, Günter, Pašalić, Esther, Weisser, Wolfgang W., and Gossner, Martin M.
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FOREST management , *CRYPTOCOCCUS , *INSECT communities , *FOREST ecology , *EUROPEAN beech - Abstract
The effects of management on insect communities have been studied in several forest ecosystems, although the consequences for single potential pests are only known for a few species. The present study investigated whether forest management affects the infestation of European beech trees by the beech scale Cryptococcus fagisuga., We assessed the densities of C. fagisuga on a total of 520 trees ( Fagus sylvatica) at 104 forest sites, representing three main types of beech forest management intensity across three regions in Germany., The infestation rates on beech trees were 16% in the South- West, 20% in the Centre and 35% in the North- East of Germany, although the rates per plot did not differ significantly among regions. No significant differences between unmanaged beech, managed even-aged beech and managed uneven-aged beech forests were found because of high variability in beech scale infestation observed among forest sites and within forest management types. Highest infestation rates occurred on widely dispersed mature trees within thickets with shelterwood stage and lowest infestation rates occurred on young beech trees in the thicket stage., The results of the present study suggest that the infestation rates of C. fagisuga on beech depend on tree age and canopy openness rather than on management intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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18. Land-use intensification causes multitrophic homogenization of grassland communities
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Allan, Eric, Türke, Manfred, Grassein, Fabrice, Perović, David J., Tschapka, Marco, Westphal, Catrin, Sikorski, Johannes, Lange, Markus, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Birkhofer, Klaus, Schall, Peter, Pašalić, Esther, Gossner, Martin M., Prati, Daniel, Purschke, Oliver, Wolters, Volkmar, Weisser, Wolfgang W., Socher, Stephanie A., Jorge, Leonardo Ré, Werner, Michael, Tscharntke, Teja, Klemmer, Sandra, Arndt, Hartmut, Lewinsohn, Thomas M., Fischer, Markus, Sonnemann, Ilja, Venter, Paul Christiaan, Kahl, Tiemo, Penone, Caterina, Weiner, Christiane N., Jung, Kirsten, Wurst, Susanne, Overmann, Jörg, Diekötter, Tim, Müller, Jörg, Krauss, Jochen, Wubet, Tesfaye, Blüthgen, Nico, Renner, Swen C., Börschig, Carmen, Keyel, Alexander C., Baumgartner, Vanessa, Blaser, Stefan, Buscot, Francois, and Boch, Steffen
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2. Zero hunger ,13. Climate action ,15. Life on land ,580 Plants (Botany) - Abstract
Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss1, 2. Alongside reductions in local species diversity, biotic homogenization at larger spatial scales is of great concern for conservation. Biotic homogenization means a decrease in β-diversity (the compositional dissimilarity between sites). Most studies have investigated losses in local (α)-diversity1, 3 and neglected biodiversity loss at larger spatial scales. Studies addressing β-diversity have focused on single or a few organism groups (for example, ref. 4), and it is thus unknown whether land-use intensification homogenizes communities at different trophic levels, above- and belowground. Here we show that even moderate increases in local land-use intensity (LUI) cause biotic homogenization across microbial, plant and animal groups, both above- and belowground, and that this is largely independent of changes in α-diversity. We analysed a unique grassland biodiversity dataset, with abundances of more than 4,000 species belonging to 12 trophic groups. LUI, and, in particular, high mowing intensity, had consistent effects on β-diversity across groups, causing a homogenization of soil microbial, fungal pathogen, plant and arthropod communities. These effects were nonlinear and the strongest declines in β-diversity occurred in the transition from extensively managed to intermediate intensity grassland. LUI tended to reduce local α-diversity in aboveground groups, whereas the α-diversity increased in belowground groups. Correlations between the β-diversity of different groups, particularly between plants and their consumers, became weaker at high LUI. This suggests a loss of specialist species and is further evidence for biotic homogenization. The consistently negative effects of LUI on landscape-scale biodiversity underscore the high value of extensively managed grasslands for conserving multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. Indeed, biotic homogenization rather than local diversity loss could prove to be the most substantial consequence of land-use intensification.
19. Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality
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Solly, Emily F., Prati, Daniel, Börschig, Carmen, Weiner, Christiane N., Arndt, Hartmut, Renner, Swen C., Blaser, Stefan, Klemmer, Sandra, Krauss, Jochen, Türke, Manfred, Baumgartner, Vanessa, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Wubet, Tesfaye, Stempfhuber, Barbara, Steckel, Juliane, Schloter, Michael, Schöning, Ingo, Sorkau, Elisabeth, Lange, Markus, Westphal, Catrin, Schrumpf, Marion, Alt, Fabian, Heinze, Johannes, Gossner, Martin M., Diekötter, Tim, Venter, Paul C., Boch, Steffen, Rillig, Matthias C., Morris, E. Kathryn, Klaus, Valentin H., Van Der Plas, Fons, Böhm, Stefan, Binkenstein, Julia, Blüthgen, Nico, Fischer, Markus, Schaefer, H. Martin, Allan, Eric, Sonnemann, Ilja, Overmann, Jörg, Socher, Stephanie A., Jung, Kirsten, Hölzel, Norbert, Wurst, Susanne, Manning, Peter, Weisser, Wolfgang W., Kleinebecker, Till, Werner, Michael, Schmitt, Barbara, Tschapka, Marco, Müller, Jörg, Sikorski, Johannes, Soliveres, Santiago, Birkhofer, Klaus, Pašalić, Esther, Oelmann, Yvonne, Wolters, Volkmar, Buscot, Francois, and Wilcke, Wolfgang
- Subjects
2. Zero hunger ,13. Climate action ,15. Life on land ,580 Plants (Botany) - Abstract
Many experiments have shown that loss of biodiversity reduces the capacity of ecosystems to provide the multiple services on which humans depend1, 2. However, experiments necessarily simplify the complexity of natural ecosystems and will normally control for other important drivers of ecosystem functioning, such as the environment or land use. In addition, existing studies typically focus on the diversity of single trophic groups, neglecting the fact that biodiversity loss occurs across many taxa3, 4 and that the functional effects of any trophic group may depend on the abundance and diversity of others5, 6. Here we report analysis of the relationships between the species richness and abundance of nine trophic groups, including 4,600 above- and below-ground taxa, and 14 ecosystem services and functions and with their simultaneous provision (or multifunctionality) in 150 grasslands. We show that high species richness in multiple trophic groups (multitrophic richness) had stronger positive effects on ecosystem services than richness in any individual trophic group; this includes plant species richness, the most widely used measure of biodiversity. On average, three trophic groups influenced each ecosystem service, with each trophic group influencing at least one service. Multitrophic richness was particularly beneficial for ‘regulating’ and ‘cultural’ services, and for multifunctionality, whereas a change in the total abundance of species or biomass in multiple trophic groups (the multitrophic abundance) positively affected supporting services. Multitrophic richness and abundance drove ecosystem functioning as strongly as abiotic conditions and land-use intensity, extending previous experimental results7, 8 to real-world ecosystems. Primary producers, herbivorous insects and microbial decomposers seem to be particularly important drivers of ecosystem functioning, as shown by the strong and frequent positive associations of their richness or abundance with multiple ecosystem services. Our results show that multitrophic richness and abundance support ecosystem functioning, and demonstrate that a focus on single groups has led to researchers to greatly underestimate the functional importance of biodiversity
20. A comparison of the strength of biodiversity effects across multiple functions
- Author
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Allan, Eric, Weisser, Wolfgang W., Fischer, Markus, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Weigelt, Alexandra, Roscher, Christiane, Baade, Jussi, Barnard, Romain L., Beßler, Holger, Buchmann, Nina, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Engels, Christof, Fergus, Alexander J.F., Gleixner, Gerd, Gubsch, Marlén, Halle, Stefan, Klein, Alexandra M., Kertscher, Ilona, Kuu, Annely, Lange, Markus, Roux, Xavier, Meyer, Sebastian T., Migunova, Varvara D., Milcu, Alexandru, Niklaus, Pascal A., Oelmann, Yvonne, Pašalić, Esther, Petermann, Jana S., Poly, Franck, Rottstock, Tanja, Sabais, Alexander C. W., Scherber, Christoph, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Scheu, Stefan, Steinbeiss, Sibylle, Schwichtenberg, Guido, Temperton, Vicky, Tscharntke, Teja, Voigt, Winfried, Wilcke, Wolfgang, Wirth, Christian, and Schmid, Bernhard
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570 Life sciences ,biology ,590 Animals (Zoology) ,15. Life on land ,580 Plants (Botany) - Abstract
In order to predict which ecosystem functions are most at risk from biodiversity loss, meta-analyses have generalised results from biodiversity experiments over different sites and ecosystem types. In contrast, comparing the strength of biodiversity effects across a large number of ecosystem processes measured in a single experiment permits more direct comparisons. Here, we present an analysis of 418 separate measures of 38 ecosystem processes. Overall, 45 % of processes were significantly affected by plant species richness, suggesting that, while diversity affects a large number of processes not all respond to biodiversity. We therefore compared the strength of plant diversity effects between different categories of ecosystem processes, grouping processes according to the year of measurement, their biogeochemical cycle, trophic level and compartment (above- or belowground) and according to whether they were measures of biodiversity or other ecosystem processes, biotic or abiotic and static or dynamic. Overall, and for several individual processes, we found that biodiversity effects became stronger over time. Measures of the carbon cycle were also affected more strongly by plant species richness than were the measures associated with the nitrogen cycle. Further, we found greater plant species richness effects on measures of biodiversity than on other processes. The differential effects of plant diversity on the various types of ecosystem processes indicate that future research and political effort should shift from a general debate about whether biodiversity loss impairs ecosystem functions to focussing on the specific functions of interest and ways to preserve them individually or in combination.
21. Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality.
- Author
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Soliveres S, Manning P, Prati D, Gossner MM, Alt F, Arndt H, Baumgartner V, Binkenstein J, Birkhofer K, Blaser S, Blüthgen N, Boch S, Böhm S, Börschig C, Buscot F, Diekötter T, Heinze J, Hölzel N, Jung K, Klaus VH, Klein AM, Kleinebecker T, Klemmer S, Krauss J, Lange M, Morris EK, Müller J, Oelmann Y, Overmann J, Pašalić E, Renner SC, Rillig MC, Schaefer HM, Schloter M, Schmitt B, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Sikorski J, Socher SA, Solly EF, Sonnemann I, Sorkau E, Steckel J, Steffan-Dewenter I, Stempfhuber B, Tschapka M, Türke M, Venter P, Weiner CN, Weisser WW, Werner M, Westphal C, Wilcke W, Wolters V, Wubet T, Wurst S, Fischer M, and Allan E
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- Agriculture, Conservation of Natural Resources, Germany, Population Density, Biodiversity, Grassland
- Abstract
Species diversity promotes the delivery of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, the relative functional importance of rare and common species in driving the biodiversity-multifunctionality relationship remains unknown. We studied the relationship between the diversity of rare and common species (according to their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a land-use intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above- and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species being associated with high levels of multifunctionality, probably because their effects on different functions did not trade off against each other. Conversely, common species were only related to average, not high, levels of multifunctionality, and their functional effects declined with LUI. Apart from the community-level effects of diversity, we found significant positive associations between the abundance of individual species and multifunctionality in 6% of the species tested. Species-specific functional effects were best predicted by their response to LUI: species that declined in abundance with land use intensification were those associated with higher levels of multifunctionality. Our results highlight the importance of rare species for ecosystem multifunctionality and help guiding future conservation priorities., (© 2016 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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