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Background: Clavicle fractures are common injuries, accounting for 2.8% of all fractures. Fractures of the middle third account for approximately 80% of all clavicular fractures. Displaced middle 3rd clavicle fractures are typical and are generally treated non-operatively. Non-operative treatment of these fractures with axial shortening is correlated with a non union rate of 13 – 18% and a delayed union rate of 25%. Intractable pain, neurological complications and loss of shoulder function have been noted. Prompt fixation of these clavicle fractures charter increased patient comfort, and early shoulder mobility. We have taken up this study to analyse the results of plate fixation and non-operative treatment for middle third clavicle fractures in terms of time to union, functional improvement and complications.Objectives: To compare results of plate fixation of middle third clavicle fractures with those managed nonoperatively in terms of radiological union and functional outcome.Materials and Methods: This is a prospective comparative study. The duration of study period is 2 years. Cases satisfying the inclusion criteria and who had received treatment either nonoperatively or in the form of plate fixation at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute based on the patient’s informed decision during the period of Jun 2013 to Feb 2015 were included in the study. Patients were then followed up for a period of up to 9 months (3, 6 & 9 months) and evaluated clinically with Constant and Murley scoring system and with radiographs.Results: There was significant improvement in the rate of fracture union and functional scores in the operated group compared to the nonoperative treatment group.Conclusions: In this prospective study, plate fixation of middle third clavicular fractures resulted in earlier functional recovery and lower complication compared with nonoperative treatment.

A quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) study on β-Carboline derivatives as an anti-tumor agent was performed with 30 compounds of β-Carboline derivatives on different cancer cell lines from reported work. Molecular modeling studies were performed using ChemBioDraw Ultra 11.0. The sketched structures were subjected to energy minimization and the lowest energy structure was used to calculate the physiochemical properties. The regression analysis was carried out using a computer program called Valstat. The best models were selected from the various statistically signiÞ cant equations. From the derived QSAR model, it can be concluded that the cytotoxic activity of β-carboline derivatives is strongly ins uenced by the thermodynamic and electronic nature of the substituents. Key words: Anti-tumor agent, β-carboline, QSAR.

This article 'Influence of Herbicides on Biomass Production and Relative Growth Rate of Azolla pinnata' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

This article 'Response of Rice to Azospirillum Inoculation' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

This article 'Effect of Azospirillum Inoculation on Upland Rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.