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Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a prevalent acute infectious disease caused by enteroviruses, presenting substantial public health challenges in Shanghai, especially among children. The dynamic nature of HFMD's etiology necessitates an ongoing evaluation of its epidemiological and virological trends to inform effective control strategies. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological patterns and viral evolution of HFMD in Fengxian District, Shanghai, China, with a focus on shifts in predominant viral strains over a 14-year period. We conducted a retrospective analysis of HFMD cases reported to the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System in Fengxian District from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2022. Epidemiological trends, strain prevalence, and demographic impacts were assessed. A total of 27,272 HFMD cases were documented during the study period, with incidence showing pronounced seasonal fluctuations—peaking in spring and summer and a lesser peak in autumn. The disease incidence demonstrated significant positive correlations with several meteorological variables: daily average temperature (r = 0.30, P < 0.05), relative humidity (r = 0.20, P < 0.05), wind speed (r = 0.17, P < 0.05), and precipitation (r = 0.17, P < 0.05). Geographically, Nanqiao Town, Fengcheng Town, and Xidu Subdistrict reported the highest incidence rates. The demographic analysis revealed a male-to-female ratio of 1.60:1, predominantly affecting children aged 1–3 years. Prior to 2017, Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CoxA16) were the primary detected strains; post-2017, Coxsackievirus A6 (CoxA6) emerged as the dominant strain. Statistical analysis confirmed significant year-to-year variations in virus detection rates, with decreasing trends for EV71 and other enteroviruses and an increasing trend for CoxA6. The findings indicate a distinct seasonal incidence of HFMD in Fengxian District. This study underscores the need for targeted public health education, enhanced surveillance, and proactive measures in childcare facilities to mitigate disease spread during peak seasons. Moreover, the evolving viral landscape warrants accelerated efforts in vaccine development against new strains to reduce HFMD incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial from the journal "Pedagogy in Health Promotion" celebrating its 10-year anniversary. The editorial highlights promising methods and practices for educators in the field of health promotion and public health. The article identifies five key areas of pedagogical practices: active learning and critical reflection methods, holistic and student-centered pedagogical activities, mentoring and anti-oppression oriented teaching approaches, resources to address mis/disinformation, and the inclusion and evaluation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in public health pedagogy. The editorial provides specific examples and recommendations from articles published in the journal to guide educators in implementing innovative and effective teaching techniques. [Extracted from the article]

Generative artificial intelligence (genAI) technology is used among students, yet it remains unclear how public health students and instructors perceive it to be effective in a learning environment. We described how and why public health students and instructors are using genAI technology along with their perceived benefits and limitations of using genAI, noting where perceptions overlap. We surveyed public health students and instructors at a higher education institution in the United States. Student survey questions covered which genAI technologies they used, which activities they used genAI for, and perceived benefits and limitations of using genAI. Questions for instructors covered which genAI technology they used, course activities genAI was integrated, and perceived benefits and limitations of using genAI. Student respondents (n = 300) indicated using genAI technology for writing or clarifying concepts. Students and instructors (n = 62) agreed genAI technology could save time on tedious tasks and will be part of our future workforce. They agreed that appropriate use in the classroom will better prepare future professionals. Alternatively, students and instructors indicated genAI may impede learning, produce inaccurate information, and pose opportunities for unethical behavior. While students and instructors agree on many aspects of genAI technology, instructors should be explicit about their expectations and rationale for use of genAI technology in classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of data analytics (DA) and artificial intelligence (AI) competencies for public health professionals. It highlights the potential benefits of these technologies in improving population health outcomes, such as analyzing disease patterns, identifying risk factors, and informing targeted interventions. However, the article also acknowledges the challenges in integrating DA and AI into public health education and training programs, including the need for critical thinking skills and ethical considerations. The author suggests strategies for teaching these competencies, such as breaking down complex concepts, providing hands-on experience, and incorporating discussions on ethical implications. Overall, the article emphasizes the need for public health professionals to adapt to the AI revolution and contribute to shaping its development in a way that serves the public's best interests. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The spatial delays of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) have been less explored. In this study, a total of 151,799 notified PTB cases were included, with median patient and diagnostic delays of 15 [interquartile range (IOR), 4–35] and 2 (IOR, 0–8) days, respectively. The spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial–temporal scan statistics were used to determine the clusters, indicating that the regions in the southwestern and northeastern parts of Zhejiang Province exhibited high rates of long-term patient delay (LPD, delay ≥ 15 days) and long-term diagnostic delay (LDD, delay ≥ 2 days). Besides, the Mantel test indicated a moderately positive correlation between public awareness of suspicious symptoms and the LPD rate in 2018 (Mantel's r = 0.4, P < 0.05). These findings suggest that PTB delays can reveal deficiencies in public health education and the healthcare system. Also, it is essential to explore methods to shift PTB knowledge towards real changes in attitude and behavior to minimize patient delay. Addressing these issues will be crucial for improving public health outcomes related to PTB in Zhejiang Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trace metals and metalloids are groups of chemical elements that naturally occur in low concentrations and cycle in the environment driven by natural processes and human activities. They have a persistent and bio-accumulative tendency in the environment, and certain trace metals and metalloids have become a public health concern. This study assesses the concentration of eleven trace metals and a metalloid in sediments and catfish muscle from five study sites in the Eastern Tanzanian River basin. Forty catfish tissues and fifteen sediment samples were collected and analyzed using ICP-MS. Concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Pb, and Zn did not exceed the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guideline for pollution of sediments, while Al Cr, Al, Mn, and V with values ranging from (118.54 to 70154.55) indicating moderately polluted. The stations Java-Sadaani and Matandu showed the highest Cr, Ni, and Cu concentrations, but the potential ecological risk index (RI) was low (RI < 95). In the catfish muscle tissue, the levels of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn did not surpass the EU and FAO/WHO limits and results ranged from 2.22 to 35.22mg/kg. Low levels of accumulation of Cd, Pb, and As were found in this study compared to catfish muscles from other studies, whereas the concentrations of other trace metals and metalloids analyzed had comparable results. Biota/sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) were all < 1. The weekly metal intake (MWI) results ranged from 6.89E-04 to 2.43E+01 μg/know-1week-1, indicating a low risk as the value did not exceed the FAO/WHO established Permissible Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI). The non-carcinogenic health risk result THQ was 4.43E-02 and the carcinogenic health risks result HI was 4.42E-05 which indicated tolerable levels of risks as both the values of the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and the Hazard Index (HI) was < 1, and the carcinogenic target risk (TR) is < 0.0001. The highest TR values were observed for Cr and Ni. We recommend a continued monitoring of the changes in trace metal levels in the environment and biota together with continuous public health education on the dangers of high levels of trace metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Findings Conclusion Health and education are interrelated and influence social, economic and lifestyle perspectives. Children with chronic illnesses experience barriers in the educational system regarding school attendance and social isolation. Gaining knowledge of compulsory education and how children with chronic illnesses are supported is crucial for the implications of future education policy and legislation in Scandinavia. This study compares Scandinavian legislation frameworks on compulsory education, chronic illness and school absence to form the basis of future research on education for children with chronic illness.The study uses a comparative approach to explore the support of children with chronic illnesses in compulsory education across Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The documents included are 3 education acts and 15 secondary documents, which are notes and guidelines for the education acts. The data were analysed using a manifest content analysis.We found four categories and six subcategories: (1) school obligation and rights; (2) chronic illness; (3) school absence: (a) categorisation of absence; (b) registration of absence; and (c) sanction; and (4) education support: (a) Hospital school support; (b) Home instruction support; and (c) technological support.This study's findings demonstrate the similarities and differences in the Scandinavian compulsory education legislation and guidelines regarding chronic illness and school absence. We found similarities across the countries regarding chronic illness and school absence. Still, the findings showed differences in the systematic registration of school absence and requirements for attendance with compulsory education in Norway and Denmark compared with compulsory schooling in Sweden. This knowledge will inform and enlighten future discussions and decisions in education and public health. The results can contribute to awareness of the opportunities for educational support and perspectives about education for children with chronic illnesses. Future research focusing on the experience of children with chronic illness and educational support is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Armed conflict and war are public health disasters. Public health action has a crucial role in conflict-related emergencies and rehabilitation but also in war prevention and peace promotion. Translating this into public health training and competencies has just started to emerge, especially in Europe. Methods: We conducted a Scoping Review to map and identify the role of public health education and training of public health workforce relating to the prevention of war and promoting peace, as reflected in the scientific literature. We searched in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science Core Collections as well as the reference list of included material in English, German and Polish. Focusing initially on the European region, we later expanded the search outside of Europe. Results: We included 7 publications from opinion pieces to an empirical assessment of curricula and training. The educational programs were predominantly short-term and extra-curricular in postgraduate courses addressing both public health professionals in conflict-affected countries as well as countries not directly affected by war. Publications focused on public health action in times of war, without specifying the context and type of war or armed conflict. Competencies taught focused on emergency response and multi-disciplinary collaboration during emergencies, frequently drawing on experience and examples from natural disaster and disease outbreak management. Conclusions: The scientific discourse on competences in public health education for times of war and for the promotion of peace, predominately focuses on immediate emergency response actions. The prevention of war and the promotion of peace are missing foci, that need to feature more prominently in public health training. Public Health Education and training should ensure that war prevention and peace promotion, as well as public health action in times of war, are included in their competencies for public health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease with significant public health implications. Its widespread transmission, prolonged treatment duration, notable side effects, and high mortality rate pose severe challenges. This study examines the epidemiological characteristics of TB globally and across major regions, providing a scientific basis for enhancing TB prevention and control measures worldwide. Methods: The ecological study used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. It assessed new incidence cases, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and trends in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), mortality rates (ASMRs), and DALY rates for drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB), multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) from 1990 to 2021. A Bayesian age-period-cohort model was applied to project ASIR and ASMR. Results: In 2021, the global ASIR for all HIV-negative TB was 103.00 per 100,000 population [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 92.21, 114.91 per 100,000 population], declining by 0.40% (95% UI: − 0.43, − 0.38%) compared to 1990. The global ASMR was 13.96 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 12.61, 15.72 per 100,000 population), with a decline of 0.44% (95% UI: − 0.61, − 0.23%) since 1990. The global age-standardized DALY rate for HIV-negative TB was 580.26 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 522.37, 649.82 per 100,000 population), showing a decrease of 0.65% (95% UI: − 0.69, − 0.57 per 100,000 population) from 1990. The global ASIR of MDR-TB has not decreased since 2015, instead, it has shown a slow upward trend in recent years. The ASIR of XDR-TB has exhibited significant increase in the past 30 years. The projections indicate MDR-TB and XDR-TB are expected to see significant increases in both ASIR and ASMR from 2022 to 2035, highlighting the growing challenge of drug-resistant TB. Conclusions: This study found that the ASIR of MDR-TB and XDR-TB has shown an upward trend in recent years. To reduce the TB burden, it is essential to enhance health infrastructure and increase funding in low-SDI regions. Developing highly efficient, accurate, and convenient diagnostic reagents, along with more effective therapeutic drugs, and improving public health education and community engagement, are crucial for curbing TB transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant clinical challenge and is a major global public health issue. This study aims to elucidate the disease burden of HIV-TB co-infection in global, regions and countries, providing critical information for policy decisions to curb the HIV-TB epidemic. Methods: The ecological time-series study used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. The data encompass the numbers of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY), as well as age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), prevalence rate (ASPR), mortality rate (ASMR), and DALY rate for HIV-infected drug-susceptible tuberculosis (HIV-DS-TB), HIV-infected multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (HIV-MDR-TB), and HIV-infected extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (HIV-XDR-TB) from 1990 to 2021. from 1990 to 2021. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of rates, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), was calculated. Results: In 2021, the global ASIR for HIV-DS-TB was 11.59 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 0.37–13.05 per 100,000 population), 0.55 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 0.38–0.81 per 100,000 population), for HIV-MDR-TB, and 0.02 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 0.01–0.03 per 100,000 population) for HIV-XDR-TB. The EAPC for the ASIR of HIV-MDR-TB and HIV-XDR-TB from 1990 to 2021 were 4.71 (95% CI: 1.92–7.59) and 13.63 (95% CI: 9.44–18.01), respectively. The global ASMR for HIV-DS-TB was 2.22 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 1.73–2.74 per 100,000 population), 0.21 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 0.09–0.39 per 100,000 population) for HIV-MDR-TB, and 0.01 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 0.00–0.03 per 100,000 population) for HIV-XDR-TB in 2021. The EAPC for the ASMR of HIV-MDR-TB and HIV-XDR-TB from 1990 to 2021 were 4.78 (95% CI: 1.32–8.32) and 10.00 (95% CI: 6.09–14.05), respectively. Conclusions: The findings indicate that enhancing diagnostic and treatment strategies, strengthening healthcare infrastructure, increasing access to quality medical care, and improving public health education are essential to combat HIV-TB co-infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, and it disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which account for 88% of stroke fatalities. Prehospital stroke care delays are a crucial obstacle to successful treatment in these settings, especially given the limited therapeutic window for thrombolytic treatments, which may greatly improve recovery chances when initiated early after stroke onset. These delays are caused by a lack of public understanding of stroke symptoms, sociodemographic and cultural variables, and insufficient healthcare infrastructure. This review discusses these issues in detail, emphasizing the disparities in stroke awareness and reaction times between locations and socioeconomic classes. Innovative options for reducing these delays include the deployment of mobile stroke units and community-based educational campaigns. This review also discusses how technology improvements and personalized educational initiatives might improve stroke awareness and response in LMICs. The primary goal is to give a thorough assessment of the challenges and potential remedies that might serve as the foundation for policy reforms and healthcare improvements in LMICs, eventually improving stroke care and lowering disease-related mortality and disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

America is facing a primary care provider shortage. Enhanced primary care RNs (EPC‐RNs), registered nurses working at the top of their practice scope, can be an important part of community‐based primary care provision. Typically, community health nursing education has not included primary care‐based clinical experiences, and there is a clinical site shortage. Teaching students about EPC‐RN roles can be an important domain of community/public health nursing education. Simulation is a creative pedagogical approach to learning about the EPC‐RN role. The purpose of this manuscript is to 1) describe EPC‐RN Telehealth Simulation development; and 2) describe student simulation feedback.Nursing faculty and simulation experts designed five simulations for community health students to teach about the EPC‐RN role, incorporating recommendations from the Quad Council Coalition of Public Health Nursing Organizations community/public health nursing competencies and the National Competencies for Registered Nurses in Primary Care.Retrospective, descriptive quantitative, and qualitative student feedback data (n = 519) was collected through QuestionPro over multiple semesters. Student feedback data demonstrated support of the use of the simulations in community/public health nursing education.The EPC‐RN Telehealth Simulations prepared pre‐licensure nursing students to practice in community‐based primary care settings. Innovative, sustainable experiences such as this can improve community/public health nursing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to develop a culturally adapted Chinese version of the Value-based Stigma Inventory (VASI) and to evaluate its psychometric properties, including reliability and validity, among the general Chinese population. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 708 general citizens from Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China. The VASI's internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test–retest reliability were tested to assess the translated scale's reliability. Several validity tests were performed, including expert consultation, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) and AMOS 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States). Results: The Chinese version of the VASI showed good reliability, with a Cronbach's α value of 0.808, and the dimensions ranged from 0.812 to 0.850. Test–retest reliability showed good temporal stability with a value of 0.855, and the split-half reliability value was 0.845, indicating a high degree of consistency. The scale also demonstrated good content validity with a content validity index of 0.952. After conducting exploratory factor analysis, a five-factor structure was identified, including factors of self-realization, personal enrichment, reputation, meritocratic values, and security. In the confirmatory factor analysis, all recommended fit indicators were found to be within the acceptable range, including χ2/DF = 1.338, GFI = 0.960, AGFI = 0.940, RMSEA = 0.031, TLI = 0.985, CFI = 0.989, IFI = 0.989, PGFI = 0.640, and PNFI = 0.729. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the VASI is valid and reliable among the Chinese general public. The five-factor structured scale effectively assessed public stigma against mental illness, including the value orientations associated with personal stigma. Given the harsh and widespread public stigma against mental illness, the findings from the questionnaire may inform the development of future public health education programs. Public health education is needed to reduce the stigma of mental illness, increase public awareness of mental health issues, and mitigate the continued stigmatization of mental illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rattlesnake (Crotalus spp., Sistrurus spp.) bites in the southwestern United States are associated with significant morbidity. This study aims to describe 25 years of rattlesnake encounters reported to the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center to identify vulnerable populations and circumstances where encounters occur to create public education to reduce future bites. Methods: Cases of suspected rattlesnake encounters in Arizona reported to the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center between 1999 and 2023 were analyzed to identify populations and circumstances associated with encounters. Results: A total of 3,808 cases were analyzed overall and by age subgroups. Most encounters occurred in men (69.9%), during the evening (16:00–21:59; 49.2%), in summer (41.9%), and close to home (38.2%). Most bites occurred to the lower extremity (51%). Children 0 to 12-years-old have more encounters than those 13-years-old and older in rural zip codes (27.7% versus 14.8%; P = 0.005), during spring (31.8% versus 22.3%; P = 0.0005), and during the evening (64.4% versus 48.1%; P < 0.001). Discussion: Rattlesnakes are encountered when rattlesnake and human behavior patterns overlap. Many people spend time outside during evening hours in the summer, and valuable resources like food, water, and shelter can be found near houses where humans spend much of their time. Most age groups have similar encounter circumstances but encounters among children 0 to 12-years-old differ in time of day, season, and urbanization level than encounters of those 13-years-old and older. Limitations of this study include underreporting of encounters, incomplete case details, potential reporting bias, potential snake misidentification, and geographic coverage of the poison center. Conclusion: Prevention of rattlesnake bites by reducing encounters is the most effective way to reduce suffering and healthcare costs. Future steps include creating and disseminating targeted public health education using the data collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the impact of environmental exposures on chronic inflammatory dermatoses, such as contact dermatitis and eczema. These conditions are aggravated by factors such as allergens, irritants, pollutants, and climatic conditions. The article examines preventive and therapeutic strategies, evaluates epidemiological data and prevalence, and emphasizes the need for improved patient care and reduction of the overall burden of these dermatoses. The strategies include allergen identification and avoidance, use of protective gear, reduction of indoor and outdoor pollutants, adaptation of skincare routines based on climate, and the use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for treatment. The article also highlights the challenges of healthcare access and affordability, and the need for further research to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. [Extracted from the article]

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), presents a significant global health concern, particularly for immunocompromised individuals and congenitally infected newborns. Despite its widespread prevalence, there are limited data on T. gondii seroprevalence and ocular toxoplasmosis in Romania. This review aims to summarize the research accomplished on the prevalence and epidemiology of human ocular toxoplasmosis in Romania. Ocular toxoplasmosis, a leading cause of infectious posterior uveitis worldwide, involves complex interactions between host immune responses and parasite factors. Clinically, it presents as focal necrotizing retinitis, characterized by active focal retinal lesions with adjacent chorioretinal scarring, often accompanied by vitreous inflammation and anterior chamber reactions. Diagnosis relies on clinical examination supported by fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and serological assays. The authors followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards, conducting a literature review on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Our focus was on ocular toxoplasmosis in Romania, and we used keywords and specific MeSH terms. Finally, 17 articles met all the criteria, as summarized in the PRISMA diagram. This study underscores the need for improved diagnostic methods, increased research efforts, and comprehensive public health education to mitigate the burden of toxoplasmosis and ocular toxoplasmosis in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of People & Nature is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Universities and colleges are often regarded as playing a key role in educating veterinarians and animal health workers who advise farmers on herd health and animal husbandry. However, to date, studies examining veterinary students' knowledge of zoonotic diseases of public health importance and the source of this knowledge, as well as their preparedness to respond to these diseases, have focused on the Global North rather than the Global South. This study takes Ethiopia as a case study in exploring veterinary medicine students' knowledge of zoonosis risks, infection control practices and biosecurity measures, recognizing that it is imperative to reconcile national-level veterinary education curricula with emerging global trends, such as One Health-focused training. This training advocates for a collaborative, interdisciplinary response at local, national, and international levels to the adverse impact of zoonotic diseases on animal health and productivity, and human and environmental health. Data for this study were collected through a pre-tested online questionnaire administered to 154 veterinary students from several universities in Ethiopia. The findings of this study suggest veterinary students were aware of the public health risks posed by zoonoses and the important role that collaboration between the disciplines of human and animal health can play in addressing zoonoses and emerging health risks. However, students demonstrated poor knowledge of the need to adopt infection control measures (ICPs) and biosecurity measures to reduce occupational risks and prevent within and between herd transmission of infection. Moreover, students' vaccination rates against zoonotic diseases associated with occupational risks, such as rabies, were low. The results of this study suggest that there are currently gaps in Ethiopia's veterinary curriculum and that enhancing veterinary students' access to information regarding infection control practices and biosecurity measures could contribute to reducing their future occupational exposure to zoonoses. This study highlights the policy implications of the current veterinary medicine curriculum in Ethiopia and the scope for aligning the curriculum with important global initiatives, such as One Health-focused training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Public health education (PHE) in social environments plays a crucial role in mitigating the impact of public health events, especially with the recent surge in global incidents. Social learning theory (SLT) provides a strong theoretical foundation for implementing PHE. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic scoping review of PHE using SLT, synthesizing the target populations, types of research, main findings, and future directions. Methods: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. We conducted a comprehensive search of five electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and APA PsycInfo) for English articles related to PHE using SLT. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts. Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the characteristics of the articles included in the study, followed by a comprehensive narrative analysis of the results. Results: Research on PHE using SLT mainly focuses on adolescents, students, special patients, and vulnerable populations. The study sample includes seven research types and nine commonly used experimental methods. Four modes of PHE using SLT are identified, along with four types of summarized research results. Conclusion: PHE research based on SLT can be prioritized for preventing widespread infectious diseases, spreading fundamental public health information, and assisting patients with particular illnesses. To enhance the implementation of PHE, researchers and policymakers should integrate online and offline health education resources, ensure the accessibility of up-to-date information, and leverage digital technologies in PHE. More highly interactive and participatory health education courses will be established in social learning environments to encourage public participation in PHE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue Addressed: Human‐centred design thinking (HCDT) is gaining traction to develop appropriate public health interventions. The HCDT process helps frame problems with intention and encourages experimentation through collaboration. Public health graduates need an expanded toolkit to solve both the complex known problems of today, and the adaptability to solve the unknown problems of tomorrow. But how is the health promotion workforce being prepared with this innovation capability? This scoping review aims to provide a pedagogical understanding of teaching HCDT in public health education. Methods: The Arksey & O'Malley framework is used to structure this review. Peer‐reviewed articles written from 2000 to 2023 across eight databases were analysed. The data extracted included: author/year, setting, aim/purpose, participants, HCDT framework, HCDT methods, outcomes and challenges. Results: Nine relevant publications were included from a total of 208 records. The first reported use of HCDT in public health and health promotion teaching was in 2015. Teaching inspiration drew from established HCDT frameworks: d.school and IDEO which promote the iterative process of empathy/inspiration, ideation and testing/implementation. Conclusions: HCDT has been used for both designing public health curricula and for teaching students to apply it in their practice. First, HCDT methods can be used to problem‐solve teaching and learning issues such as creating inviting learning environments and designing an HCDT unit. Second, the teaching of HCDT can prepare and equip the public health workforce to solve problems requiring tailored solutions from an empathetic and iterative stance working as a team. The teaching and practice of HCDT exemplifies the process of social innovation in health promotion. So What?: As an emerging field, future studies and applications should include clarifying and evaluating the HCDT stages used. More publications will enable a fuller understanding and potentially advocate the necessity of teaching and learning HCDT in public health and health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Snakebite envenomation (SBE) and scorpion sting envenomation (SSE) are significant neglected tropical diseases that primarily affect impoverished communities in rural areas of developing nations. A lack of understanding about snake and scorpion species and their distribution exacerbates the disabilities and fatalities caused by SBE and SSE. In Sudan, particularly in regions affected by ongoing conflicts where healthcare resources are scarce, social media platforms offer a cost-effective approach to addressing public health challenges. Our aim in this study is to highlight the benefits of using social media for data collection and health promotion in such environments. Methods: We present a cost-effective communication and data collection strategy implemented at the Toxic Organisms Research Centre (TORC) of the University of Khartoum, focusing on a Facebook group, "Scorpions and Snakes of Sudan", as our primary social media platform. Additionally, we discuss the lessons learned and the initial impact of this strategy on enhancing population health literacy. Results: The group community is composed of ~ 5000 members from 14 countries. During the period from January 2023 to January 2024, we received 417 enquiries about snakes and scorpions belonging to 11 families and composed of 55 species. In addition, 53 other enquiries covered a range of organisms and their tracks (e.g., spiders, skinks, chameleons, foxes, sun spiders, centipedes, lizards, moth larvae, and insect tracks). The first photographic evidence of Malpolon monspessulanus in Sudan was via the group activities. The rare species Telescopus gezirae, the Blue Nile cat snake, is also documented via the group member's queries. Recognizing the evolving nature of social media use in public health, we also address the current limitations and evidence gaps that need to be addressed to effectively translate best practices into policy. Conclusion: In conclusion, utilizing Facebook as an institutional platform to share scientific information in simple Arabic language underscores the proactive roles that citizens, scientists, and public health stakeholders can play in leveraging social media for eHealth, eAwareness, and public health initiatives. This approach highlights the potential for collaborative efforts, particularly during crises, to maximize the benefits of social media in advancing public health. Author Summary: Snakebite envenomation (SBE) and scorpion sting envenomation (SSE) are significant public health issues worldwide, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as children and agricultural workers. SBE alone affects millions of people annually, resulting in thousands of deaths and permanent disabilities. SSE is also a serious concern, with thousands of deaths reported annually but with a dangerous lack of information and in registered incidences, especially in countries such as Sudan. In Sudan, both SBE and SSE are prevalent, with specific regions experiencing higher incidences. To address these challenges, the Toxic Organisms Research Centre (TORC) at the University of Khartoum established a Facebook group, "Scorpions and Snakes of Sudan", to raise community awareness and collect data on venomous and nonvenomous organisms. The group has attracted nearly 5000 participants, mostly from Sudan, and has received enquiries from nine countries. The data collected through this platform provides valuable insights into the distribution and diversity of snakes and scorpions, aiding in public health interventions and education efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction We quantified the linear trend in combustible tobacco smoking among adolescents in the United States from 2014 to 2020, and then compared these trends across racial and ethnic categories. We also tested the effect of e-cigarette use on these trends for all-youth and across racial and ethnic categories. Aims and Methods We pooled and analyzed seven years of National Youth Tobacco Survey data for n  = 124 151 middle and high school students from 2014 to 2020. Weighted logistic regression analyses calculated the annual change in combustible tobacco smoking (ie cigarettes, cigars, and hookah) from 2014 to 2020. Stratified analyses examined linear trends for non-Hispanic White (NHW), NH-Black (NHB), Hispanic/Latino, and NH-Other (NHO) youth. All-models controlled for sex, grade level, and past 30-day e-cigarette use. Results Combustible tobacco smoking from 2014 to 2020 dropped by more than 50% for NHW youth, more than 40% for Latino and NHO youth, compared to just 16% among NHB youth. From 2014 to 2020, the odds of combustible tobacco smoking declined by 21.5% per year for NHWs, which was significantly greater than Hispanic/Latinos (17% per year; p  = .025), NHOs (15.4% per year; p  = .01), and NHBs (5.1% per year; p  < .001), adjusting for sex, grade, and e-cigarette use. Trends and disparities in trends by race and ethnicity were observed independent of e-cigarette use. Conclusions Combustible tobacco smoking declined for all-youth but at significantly different rates across races and ethnicities. Notably, declines in combustible tobacco smoking are lagging among NHB youth. Interventions are critically needed to address this disparity. Implications A direct, evidence-based intervention to reduce combustible tobacco smoking among NHB youth is critically needed. Such tobacco control initiatives should follow the Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Framework, incorporating sustainable funding for school-based intervention, public health education, and adult cessation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skin cancer poses a significant global public health challenge, yet undergraduate medical education frequently lacks comprehensive training on its recognition, diagnosis, and management. This qualitative study explores the perspectives of interns and graduate students from the University of Bisha on integrating skin cancer education into the undergraduate curriculum. Objective: To assess the experiences, challenges, and recommendations of medical trainees regarding the inclusion of skin cancer education in their undergraduate studies. Method: A qualitative research design was employed, focusing on in-depth interviews with 26 interns and graduated students from the University of Bisha. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure diverse backgrounds and experiences. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed through thematic analysis to identify patterns and insights regarding current educational practices and suggestions for improvement. Results: The study found considerable variability in exposure to skin cancer education among participants, with some reporting extensive coverage and others noting significant gaps. Most participants acknowledged the importance of skin cancer education in medical training. Key challenges identified included limited practical skills training, difficulty in lesion identification, and insufficient clinical exposure. Participants highlighted the effectiveness of case-based learning, clinical rotations, online videos, and visual aids. Recommendations for curriculum enhancement included increasing practical sessions, leveraging social media for education, and improving communication training. Conclusion: Integrating comprehensive skin cancer education into the undergraduate medical curriculum is crucial for preparing future healthcare professionals. Addressing identified challenges and implementing suggested improvements can enhance educational outcomes, ensuring that graduates are better equipped to manage skin cancer in clinical practice. These findings provide valuable insights for curriculum developers aiming to improve medical education and public health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many studies report a lack of public awareness of the risk factors and complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Adequate glycemic control is crucial in preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes complications, and medication adherence is one of the key factors in achieving this goal. This study aimed to measure the knowledge about diabetes mellitus and practices regarding lifestyle factors and diabetes management in the study population in the Aseer region, of Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in Abha, a city in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia. The general population of 18 years of age and above, who were residing in the study area during the period of study, ie, January 2023 to June 2023, were included. The questionnaire was distributed through social media and e-mail for data collection. The descriptive variables were presented using frequency, percentage, and graphs. Pearson's chi-square test was used at a 5% level of significance. Multivariate tests were applied to further explore the findings of univariate analysis. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Out of the total 348 participants, a higher proportion was males (56.3%). About 78.7% of the participants were ever diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and 21.3% were never diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Nearly 31.6% knew that the major cause of diabetes mellitus was obesity and 31.3% knew that it was a hereditary disease. About 42.2% of respondents exercised regularly and 27.6% were smokers. Adherence to prescribed anti-diabetic medications was seen in 63.2% of the respondents. Self-alterations in the timing and dose of prescribed anti-diabetic drugs were seen in 36.5% and 34.8%, respectively. About 60.1% had a moderate level of self-rated knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus, and 27.6% and 12.4% had good and poor self-rated knowledge levels of Diabetes mellitus, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the age group 60– 69 years had significant variations as compared to the other age groups on DM, bachelor's degree holders had significant variations as compared to other education variables, being married had significant differences as compared to those unmarried, those employed had significant variations as compared to the other occupation categories, and smokers had a significant impact on DM as compared to non-smokers. Conclusion: Findings indicated less number of respondents exercised regularly, low adherence to prescribed anti-diabetic medications and low levels of self-rated knowledge of diabetes mellitus. Enhancing the patients' knowledge of diabetes mellitus and improving their self-management and adherence to its medications is necessary through public health education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Armed conflict and war are public health disasters. Public health action has a crucial role in conflict-related emergencies and rehabilitation but also in war prevention and peace promotion. Translating this into public health training and competencies has just started to emerge, especially in Europe. Methods We conducted a Scoping Review to map and identify the role of public health education and training of public health workforce relating to the prevention of war and promoting peace, as reflected in the scientific literature. We searched in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science Core Collections as well as the reference list of included material in English, German and Polish. Focusing initially on the European region, we later expanded the search outside of Europe. Results We included 7 publications from opinion pieces to an empirical assessment of curricula and training. The educational programs were predominantly short-term and extra-curricular in postgraduate courses addressing both public health professionals in conflict-affected countries as well as countries not directly affected by war. Publications focused on public health action in times of war, without specifying the context and type of war or armed conflict. Competencies taught focused on emergency response and multi-disciplinary collaboration during emergencies, frequently drawing on experience and examples from natural disaster and disease outbreak management. Conclusions The scientific discourse on competences in public health education for times of war and for the promotion of peace, predominately focuses on immediate emergency response actions. The prevention of war and the promotion of peace are missing foci, that need to feature more prominently in public health training. Public Health Education and training should ensure that war prevention and peace promotion, as well as public health action in times of war, are included in their competencies for public health professionals.

Abstract Background Public health education (PHE) in social environments plays a crucial role in mitigating the impact of public health events, especially with the recent surge in global incidents. Social learning theory (SLT) provides a strong theoretical foundation for implementing PHE. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic scoping review of PHE using SLT, synthesizing the target populations, types of research, main findings, and future directions. Methods The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. We conducted a comprehensive search of five electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and APA PsycInfo) for English articles related to PHE using SLT. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts. Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the characteristics of the articles included in the study, followed by a comprehensive narrative analysis of the results. Results Research on PHE using SLT mainly focuses on adolescents, students, special patients, and vulnerable populations. The study sample includes seven research types and nine commonly used experimental methods. Four modes of PHE using SLT are identified, along with four types of summarized research results. Conclusion PHE research based on SLT can be prioritized for preventing widespread infectious diseases, spreading fundamental public health information, and assisting patients with particular illnesses. To enhance the implementation of PHE, researchers and policymakers should integrate online and offline health education resources, ensure the accessibility of up-to-date information, and leverage digital technologies in PHE. More highly interactive and participatory health education courses will be established in social learning environments to encourage public participation in PHE.

Introduction and purpose: The article focuses on the analysis of young people's awareness of the consumption of energy drinks, especially those containing caffeine. The aim of the study is to understand the level of knowledge about the awareness and consumption of energy drinks among students aged 18-25. This study was conducted using surveys and involving 202 participants. Material and Methods: The study was conducted using online anonymous surveys, involving 202 participants. The participants were students aged 18-25 both women and men. The results were analyzed according to the age and gender. Moreover, based on the available literature examining aspects related to the consumption of energy drinks. Results: The study shows that the vast majority of respondents (94.06%) are aware of the impact of energy substances on the body. The charts also illustrate that caffeine, as the main ingredient in energy drinks, is well understood in terms of cardiovascular effects. Moreover, the student community is aware of the link between excessive sugar consumption and the risk of cancer development. Discussion: The study shows that young people are aware of the negative impact of energy drinks on health. Nevertheless, not all areas of knowledge are clear to them. The continuous increase in the level of education can undoubtedly contribute to the introduction of healthy eating habits among students. Most respondents declare to drink energy drinks again, it should draw our special attention. Conclusions: It is worth noting the need for further education, especially in the field of metabolic syndrome. It also highlights the role of research and education in shaping public health awareness. Finally, the article suggests that further research and targeted educational programs are critical to improving public health, especially in the context of energy drink consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human behaviors are powerful and possibly modifiable health determinants. Choosing the appropriate behavioral change model is essential for the effectiveness of any health intervention. The overall aim of the article is to present Pender's Health Promotion Model (Pender’s HPM), which remains still unknown in Bulgarian context. Methods: A desk review of publications in PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar with keywords "Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model" and "nursing theories" in Bulgarian and English. The search was conducted in February 2024. Results: Pender’s HPM – theoretical basis, definitions, and components are presented. HPM was developed by Prof. Nola Pender in 1982 and modified later because of the multiple practical applications. The essential contribution of this article is the creative and competent translation and introduction of Pender’s HPM definitions, assumptions, and components for the Bulgarian public health community. Pender’s HPM – applications are followed. Initially, HPM was created for the purpose of changing individual behaviors. Later, it has been used successfully for changing family dynamics, communities etc. The model has been used extensively in observational and interventional studies, including supporting healthy behaviors during COVID-19. Conclusion: Pender’s HPM is effective and flexible, offering fluent health promotion implementations. The model has its deserved place in nursing education and in the training of public health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Lassa fever (LF) presents significant public health challenges in Sierra Leone, particularly in the Lower Bambara Chiefdom. This study aims to deeply understand how knowledge and attitudes towards LF correlate with community-driven prevention and control measures. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative approach was used to conduct the research. Data from 2167 participants were collected using an Android-based survey from 1st February 2022 to 14th February 2022. Respondents' knowledge of LF causes, risk factors, transmission modes, and preventive measures were evaluated through a multiple-choice questionnaire, and attitudes toward prevention and control were measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 and frequencies were presented in count, percentage, and table. Chi-square statistics were used to test for associations. Results Among the 2167 participants, over half were males (1184, 54.60%), farmers (1406, 64.90%), married (monogamous) (1428, 65.90%), and had never attended school (1336, 61.70%). Respondents demonstrated high knowledge levels of LF across socio-demographic groups (33% to 100%) and shared a positive attitude towards prevention and control (mean score of 26.77 on a 5–40 scale). Educational level, religious beliefs, and occupational status significantly influenced LF knowledge (p

Purpose: The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) among high school students includes standard questions about sexual identity and sex of sexual contacts, but these questions are not consistently included in every state that conducts the survey. This study aimed to develop and apply a method to predict state-level proportions of high school students identifying as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) or reporting any same-sex sexual contacts in those states that did not include these questions in their 2017 YRBS. Methods: We used state-level high school YRBS data from 2013, 2015, and 2017. We defined two primary outcomes relating to self-reported LGB identity and reported same-sex sexual contacts. We developed machine learning models to predict the two outcomes based on other YRBS variables, and comparing different modeling approaches. We used a leave-one-out cross-validation approach and report results from best-performing models. Results: Modern ensemble models outperformed traditional linear models at predicting state-level proportions for the two outcomes, and we identified prediction methods that performed well across different years and prediction tasks. Predicted proportions of respondents reporting LGB identity in states that did not include direct measurement ranged between 9.4% and 12.9%. Predicted proportions of respondents reporting any same-sex contacts, where not directly observed, ranged between 7.0% and 10.4%. Conclusion: Comparable population estimates of sexual minority adolescents can raise awareness among state policy makers and the public about what proportion of youth may be exposed to disparate health risks and outcomes associated with sexual minority status. This information can help decision makers in public health and education agencies design, implement and evaluate community and school interventions to improve the health of LGB youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lassa fever (LF) presents significant public health challenges in Sierra Leone, particularly in the Lower Bambara Chiefdom. This study aims to deeply understand how knowledge and attitudes towards LF correlate with community-driven prevention and control measures. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative approach was used to conduct the research. Data from 2167 participants were collected using an Android-based survey from 1st February 2022 to 14th February 2022. Respondents' knowledge of LF causes, risk factors, transmission modes, and preventive measures were evaluated through a multiple-choice questionnaire, and attitudes toward prevention and control were measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 and frequencies were presented in count, percentage, and table. Chi-square statistics were used to test for associations. Results: Among the 2167 participants, over half were males (1184, 54.60%), farmers (1406, 64.90%), married (monogamous) (1428, 65.90%), and had never attended school (1336, 61.70%). Respondents demonstrated high knowledge levels of LF across socio-demographic groups (33% to 100%) and shared a positive attitude towards prevention and control (mean score of 26.77 on a 5–40 scale). Educational level, religious beliefs, and occupational status significantly influenced LF knowledge (p < 0.05). Specifically, illiterates had a high knowledge score of 48.24%, while those with tertiary education had the highest score at 83.33%. Additionally, a Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive linear relationship between the degree of knowledge and positive attitude towards LF infection and mortality risk factors (r = 0.090, p = 0.02). Conclusion: High LF knowledge in Lower Bambara Chiefdom positively influences prevention attitudes. Education, religion, and occupation are key factors. Tailored interventions enhance public health efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the influencing factors of the participation of older individuals aged 65 years and above in South Korea's National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) using data from the eighth wave (2019–2021) of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VIII), and discuss potential problems and coping strategies. Variables were selected based on Andersen's healthcare utilization model. "Participation in the NSCP" was considered the dependent variable, with independent variables including sociodemographic characteristics (sex, marital status, residence, education level, income level, economic activity, medical coverage type, and private insurance), health conditions (subjective health status, hypertension, and diabetes), and health behaviors (physical activity, monthly alcohol consumption, and current smoking status). The analysis revealed that higher participation rates correlated with being married, having an education level beyond elementary school, being employed, subscribing to private insurance, perceiving oneself as having average or poor health, engaging in physical activity, and not smoking. Sex, residence, income, medical coverage type, hypertension, diabetes, and monthly alcohol consumption were found to be insignificantly correlated. These findings underscore the importance of tailored promotion and health education for older individuals to boost NCSP participation rates, which could ultimately elevate public health standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the significance of Henrik Ibsen's play "An Enemy of the People" in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. It delves into the play's themes of government corruption, media manipulation, and public trust, and how they relate to the current crisis. The article emphasizes the challenges faced by public health officials in disseminating accurate information and the role of open dialogue and community engagement in rebuilding trust. It concludes by advocating for more discussions like these to avoid repeating past mistakes. [Extracted from the article]

This Perspectives on Pedagogy acknowledges ongoing inequities in public health teaching and learning and describes the importance of implementing equity-focused teaching (EFT) approaches to serve present and future diverse public health student populations. Current equity-focused pedagogies being implemented within the field of public health are described, along with current limitations among public health instructors surrounding EFT training. We conclude with an example, offering recommendations to instructors on how to create transparently-designed writing assignments to support equitable learning in public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many female health education pioneers made seminal contributions to public health and social justice, yet these examples are not well documented in textbooks or integrated into public health curricula as pedagogical learning opportunities. Providing biographies and lessons learned from the past leaders within undergraduate health education curricula can help develop students' skills as future leaders and address gender inequities in the field. Gender inequities in higher education as well as many public health practice settings result in lower salaries, slower career advancement opportunities, fewer supervisory positions, increased work-life conflicts, and heavier workloads. Developing women's competencies in leadership and professionalism early in their careers is critical to meeting public health challenges such as COVID-19. We present four female health education trailblazers from different historical eras and various workforce sectors who exemplify leadership attributes (i.e., courage/risk taking, vision, advocacy, mentorship) and can be highlighted as a part of future health education curriculum. Innovative methods and approaches are provided for integrating these leadership lessons into undergraduate public health courses, in alignment with the HESPA II 2020 competencies. Learning from the past to inform the future is critical to inspiring and shaping the careers of emerging health educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graduates of Master of Public Health programs may lack appropriate skills in data analysis, and would benefit from practice with research data. Datasets that contain health information relevant to student interests, and that are appropriate sizes for class use can be difficult to locate. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a study that collects both survey and health examination information from a national sample every 2 years. I present a sample of this dataset, with examples of how to use it for human health related questions. Instructions for how to access and create additional, customized datasets are also provided. Instructors may consider investigating this rich data source and providing students with subsets of these data for class assignments, projects and master's theses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Street theater is historically a form of political performance art used to foster social change and is characterized by unscheduled performances in public spaces, interactive audience participation, and short performances often repeated in the same spot for passersby. Long used as a creative tool within social movements, street skits not only entertain but are used to educate and build awareness on pressing issues. It is an art form for the people, by the people, making theater available for all ("on the streets") rather than solely for those who can afford it. Street theater also has its uses in public health education and organizing and has been used globally as an effective method of health promotion, especially in rural and low-literacy areas. This paper looks at a street theater project that university students at Clark University in Worcester, MA participated in as part of a "Health Rights: Advocacy and Action" course. Students were tasked with developing a street theater skit that educates on a public health issue and publicly perform the skit on campus. Three skits were produced: (1) "Deadly Derailment": raised awareness on industry deregulation and the 2023 toxic chemical spill in East Palestine, OH; (2) "Harm Reduction Saves Lives": addressed humane and non-victim blaming ways to address substance use; and (3) "End the STIgma": educated on sexual health on a college campus. Teaching street theater as part of public health pedagogy is a creative approach to inspire students to use their voices and link health promotion and activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Society is on the heels of one of the largest public health crisis the world has experienced in over a century, the COVID-19 pandemic. Developing the next generation of adept public health researchers is paramount to protecting the world against future health threats and addressing legacy public health challenges. This article explores the transformative influence of research experience on education, presenting three major points: (1) students engaging in public health research is timely, (2) students can develop a variety of critical thinking skills and data-driven decision-making capabilities that prepare them for future careers, and (3) faculty and universities benefit from the collaboration and community that student research fosters. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, more students have been interested in a career in public health, with many students also eager to help address health disparities, a reality highlighted during the pandemic. This article puts forth the value of student engagement in public health research from the student and faculty member's perspectives. The student lens includes the connection between research and developing greater public health interest, a sense of ethical responsibility, and an attitude of open-mindedness. The faculty lens considers the value of skill-building for students and the benefits of increased academic community-building, greater research productivity, and mutual learning potential for both students and faculty. The article includes specific recommendations for faculty to incorporate research into their student training. It concludes by advocating for institutional and community support to encourage student engagement in research and prepare the next generation of public health professionals and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Viewpoint reviews the debate about whether the professionalization of public health practice should be approached through a certification and licensure system. It introduces the recent attempt at professionalizing public health in Taiwan with the newly enacted Public Health Specialists Act of 2020, regulating the Public Health Specialist (PHS) through a state-mandated certificate. The Viewpoint discusses the implications of this new PHS Act on Taiwan's public health education and professionalization. The PHS model in Taiwan is one of the first of its kind around the globe. Advocates of public health professionalization and public health educators could benefit from Taiwan's experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is based on a round table held at the Faculty of Education (FE) of the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) as one of the activities to commemorate Paulo Freire's Centenary (2021). It aims to record part of his time at the university, from 1980 to 1991, based on the work conducted with FE and the Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM) through training and extension activities at the Paulínia-SP School Health Center. It also describes and analyses the agendas of the country's re-democratization process, the clashes over public policies in the National Constituent Assembly, and the process of setting up an integrated and universal system of education and collective public health from a participatory perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sparganosis has been a neglected parasitic zoonosis for a long time. The accurate identification of Spirometra tapeworms in clinical practice is poorly understood. A case of breast sparganosis was reported in Henan Province of central China. One plerocercoid approximately 3.5 cm in length was collected from the patient. The clinical isolate was identified as Spirometra mansoni based on the barcoding sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). Finally, the epidemiology of sparganosis in central China was reviewed. Comprehensive public health education should be carried out, and the risky habit of eating live tadpoles must be discouraged in Henan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romania, influenza vaccination uptake among healthcare workers decreased over time despite access to the vaccine being constantly improved. The aim of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of the knowledge and attitudes of Dental Medicine and Medicine students towards recommended vaccinations for healthcare workers, focusing on influenza vaccination. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the entire 2021–2022 academic year. Data were collected using 2 electronic questionnaires which were applied to the students from the Faculty of Medicine (n = 883) and, respectively, the Faculty of Dental Medicine of the Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. The questionnaires were offered to 1187 students and completed by 911 students (response rate = 77%). Out of these, 85% (n = 778) identified the influenza vaccine as recommended; 35% (n = 321) reported getting an annual influenza vaccination; and 37% (333) reported getting an influenza vaccination in the previous season. Overall, 45% (n = 222) of the respondents who completed the questionnaires from October 2021 to February 2022 reported that they intend to get vaccinated against influenza in the 2021–2022 season and approximately 8% (n = 39) reported that they had already been vaccinated. The multivariable analysis showed that the habit of getting annually vaccinated against influenza as well as the knowledge that influenza vaccine is recommended for all healthcare workers were associated with a higher probability of intending to get vaccinated. The current study emphasizes the need to raise awareness among medical students regarding influenza vaccination and to involve medical education institutions, public health authorities, and healthcare facilities in promoting this vaccination among students since the influenza vaccine uptake rate among medical students included in this study was suboptimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mind Space is an experiential mental health exhibition in Hong Kong, aiming to raise public awareness and provide education regarding mental health. This prepost study aimed to 1) examine the relationships between visitors' characteristics and their mental health stigma at baseline, and 2) provide a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of Mind Space in reducing stigma and promoting help-seeking attitudes toward mental health conditions. Methods: We analyzed data from all consenting visitors who attended Mind Space between September 2019 and December 2021. Visitors' attitudes toward mental health conditions and their willingness to seek professional psychological help were measured through online questionnaires before and after visits. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the demographic predictors of outcome variables at baseline. Changes in outcome variables after attending Mind Space were assessed using paired sample t-tests. Results: A total of 382 visitors completed the baseline questionnaires, among which 146 also completed the post-test. At baseline, higher socioeconomic levels and personal contact with people with mental health conditions predicted more positive attitudes and understanding toward mental disorders. Tentatively, the results also showed that after attending Mind Space, a significant reduction in negative attitudes about mental illness (t=4.36, p=<.001; d=.361) and improvements in the propensity to seek professional help (t=-5.20, p<.001; d=-.430) were observed, along with decreases in negative attitudes toward stereotypes (t=4.71, p=<.001; d=.421) and restrictions (t=2.29, p=.024; d=.205) among healthcare professionals. Discussion: Our findings highlight the need for mental health education for people with lower socioeconomic status and the importance of direct contact in public mental health education initiatives. The present study also suggests that Mind Space may be a useful model for public mental health education, but the exhibition requires further evaluation to ascertain if any reductions in stigma are maintained over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal diseases have emerged as a significant global health threat, with the potential to cause widespread outbreaks and significant morbidity and mortality. Anticipating future pandemic fungal diseases is essential for effective preparedness and response strategies. This comprehensive literature review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the existing research on this topic. Through an extensive examination of scholarly articles, this review identifies potential fungal pathogens that have the potential to become pandemics in the future. It explores the factors contributing to the emergence and spread of these fungal diseases, including climate change, globalization, and antimicrobial resistance. The review also discusses the challenges in diagnosing and treating these diseases, including limited access to diagnostic tools and antifungal therapies. Furthermore, it examines the strategies and interventions that can be employed to mitigate the impact of future pandemic fungal diseases, such as improved surveillance systems, public health education, and research advancements. The findings of this literature review contribute to our understanding of the potential risks posed by fungal diseases and provide valuable insights for public health professionals and policymakers in effectively preparing for and responding to future pandemic outbreaks. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of proactive measures and collaborative efforts to anticipate and mitigate the impact of future pandemic fungal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chagas disease (CD) is an infectious condition caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, primarily transmitted by vectors. Understanding the diversity of these vectors in a region is crucial for disease prophylaxis, with vector control being the main measure to reduce its incidence. Therefore, it is essential to enhance knowledge about triatomines to guide prevention and promotion actions, with active community participation. Objective: to describe residents’ knowledge about Chagas disease and its vectors in a municipality in the Western Amazon of Brazil. Methods: the data was collected by means of an interview with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire containing objective and subjective questions to residents over 18 years of age in the urban area of the municipality of Guajará - AM in their homes. Results: out of 400 participants, 75% reported having heard of Triatomines. 65.38% of those who encountered a suspected insect in their home or surroundings claimed to have killed it and most could not indicate where the insect should be taken (91.25%). Only 40.25% correctly identified the triatomines, with Rhodnius montenegrensis (22.75%) being the most chosen. Most were unaware of signs/symptoms (70.25%), transmission routes (52.75%), and preventive measures (62.5%) related to CD. Regarding dietary habits: 93% consumed açaí (Euterpe olerácea), 88.75% buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), 65.5% sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), 50.5% bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba), 50.25% patoá (Oenocarpus bataua), and 75.75% game meat. Conclusion: the research revealed several knowledge gaps on the topic, emphasizing the need to intensify health education actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into cancer health disparities, highlighting socioeconomic barriers to healthcare access. Topics include financial toxicity, disparities in care, and the need for comprehensive solutions to address inequities in cancer treatment. The No One Left Alone initiative by Carolina Blood and Cancer Care Associates aims to mitigate financial constraints, offering a roadmap for equitable care delivery.

This article examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare project management, specifically in the public health sector. AI has the potential to improve workflows, resource allocation, and population health outcomes. Public health experts interviewed in the article discuss the opportunities and challenges of using AI in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, as well as the benefits and risks of AI in healthcare. They also emphasize the importance of effectively communicating the risks and benefits of AI to build trust among healthcare professionals and the public. AI can support community health clinics with limited resources by prioritizing care and upskilling staff. However, integrating AI into healthcare requires addressing considerations such as changes to delivery models, training clinicians, and addressing biases in AI models. Public health projects involving AI must also address challenges such as limited data availability, language barriers, and cultural issues. Collaboration, ethical considerations, and equitable access to AI-driven healthcare are highlighted as important factors. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the importance of physical education in schools and its potential to positively impact student learning and prevent obesity. However, the field of physical education faces challenges such as negative public perceptions, teacher-centered instructional practices, and a lack of consensus on its structure and goals. To address these issues, the Janus 2.0 Conference was organized, bringing together senior and emerging scholars to discuss key research areas and develop new directions for the field. The conference covered 10 research themes, including curriculum, teacher knowledge, professional development, policy and advocacy, motivation and achievement, social justice, and physical education teacher education. The 10 papers presented at the conference are included in this special issue of Kinesiology Review. [Extracted from the article]