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I. Introduction The bureaucratic system advocated by Han Feizi (1) has been discussed by numerous scholars. (2) However, to my knowledge, no scholar has previously compared Han Feizi's bureaucratic system [...]

Management in the public sector presents some unique challenges stemming from the paradoxical nature of the public administration environment. We probe the paradox using the concept of organizational culture to explore the consequences for public managers. Our analysis suggests that the public manager may indeed face a more complicated challenge than the business administrator, and that inadequate understanding of the culture of public administration is a key obstacle to managerial improvement in government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public administration has an ethical problem with race and racism. Researchers find that race is a nervous area of government public administrators avoid confronting, resulting in their eschewing discretion and creating administrative evil. Administrative racism occurs when administrators rely on technical rationality to avoid making difficult decisions about race. The authors argue public administration curricula must prepare students to address the root causes of racism. There is a need for race-conscious pedagogy to prepare administrators to competently negotiate this nervous area of government. This article presents one model for public administration programs to better prepare students to respond to ethical dilemmas dealing with race and racism. Drawing on critical race in education, this essay presents a race-conscious public administration dialogue, links this dialogue to public management ethics, and specifies a classroom-tested antiracist pedagogy for public administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public choice theory (PCT) has had a powerful influence on political science and, to a lesser extent, public administration. Based on the premise that public officials are rational maximizers of their own utility, PCT has a quite successful record of correctly predicting governmental decisions and policies. This success is puzzling in light of behavioral findings showing that officials do not necessarily seek to maximize their own utility. Drawing on recent advances in behavioral ethics, this article offers a new behavioral foundation for PCT's predictions by delineating the psychological processes that lead well‐intentioned people to violate moral and social norms. It reviews the relevant findings of behavioral ethics, analyzes their theoretical and policy implications for officials' decision making, and sets an agenda for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a growing academic recognition of the increasing significance of psychologically – and behaviourally – informed modes of governance in recent years in a variety of different states. We contend that this academic research has neglected one important theme, namely the growing use of experiments as a way of developing and testing novel policies. Drawing on extensive qualitative and documentary research, this paper develops critical perspectives on the impacts of the psychological sciences on public policy, and considers more broadly the changing experimental form of modern states. The tendency for emerging forms of experimental governance to be predicated on very narrow, socially disempowering, visions of experimental knowledge production is critiqued. We delineate how psychological governance and emerging forms of experimental subjectivity have the potential to enable more empowering and progressive state forms and subjectivities to emerge through more open and collective forms of experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality assessment is a key concept in the practice of public and nonprofit personnel management, but many faculty struggle with how to introduce the concept of personality in their courses. When Master of Public Administration curricula do include personality, discussions often consist solely of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, a popular but theoretically dubious personality instrument. This article argues that the five-factor model of personality provides a theoretically sound, empirically valid, and open-access measure that can help faculty and students understand the role personality can play in public personnel management and decision making. To demonstrate the usefulness of this framework, we rely on existing research as well as the results of a unique survey of United Way managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reflects on the crisis of contemporary public administration in the era of U.S. Donald Trump's administration. Topics discussed include impact of Donald Trump presidency to Brexit, the Syrian refugee crisis, and the capacity of governments to respond to governance issues; role of neoliberalism in the public administration; and reasons why Hillary Clinton lost the 2017 election.

How can we explain cross-regional policy variation? That is, how can we understand different policy outcomes within similar institutional and organizational settings? Scholars have recently reflected on the new institutionalist explanatory pitfall involved in assuming a causality link between institutional factors and policy outcomes and argue that such link needs to rely on evidence from policy variables. On this line, recent contributions have built a causal model that links types of institutional change to types of actors' roles and strategies, within particular contextual and organizational scenarios that favor or hinder their emergence. This paper pursues this explanatory interest by applying this model to the analysis of how decision-making by two regional governments in Spain has led to different institutional and policy change outcomes in the same policy sector, namely, public management reform in healthcare. This study confirms the explanatory relevance of the model's key variables, but provides evidence of how some of them may be reinterpreted to provide a dynamic explanation of their influence on the process and outcome of institutional and policy change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutional arrangements used to steer public policies have increasingly become layered. Inspired by the literature on institutional layering and institutional work, this paper aims to make a contribution to our understanding of institutional layering. We do so by studying an interesting case of layering: the Dutch hospital sector. We focus on the actors responsible for the internal governance (Board of Directors and Supervisory Boards) and the external regulation (the Healthcare Inspectorate) of hospitals. In the paper, we explore the institutional work of these actors, more specifically how institutional work results from and is influenced by institutional layering and how this in turn influences the institutional makeup of both healthcare organizations and their institutional context. Our approach allowed us to see that layering changes the activities of actors in the public sector, can be used to strengthen one’s position but also presents actors with new struggles, which they in turn can try to overcome by relating and using the institutionally layered context. Layering and institutional work are therefore in continuous interaction. Combining institutional layering with a focus on the lived experiences of actors and their institutional work makes it possible to move into the layered arrangement and better understand its consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars and practitioners have long questioned whether the race, ethnicity, and gender of public bureaucrats matter to the efficacy and legitimacy of public services. Representative bureaucracy theory and research provide a growing body of empirical evidence that it does. This article examines some of the rich scholarly work that has been generated on representative bureaucracy and its implications for practice. A significant aspect of recent research focuses on the notion of symbolic representation, whereby the mere existence of a passively represented bureaucracy can itself improve outcomes by influencing the attitudes and behaviors of clients, regardless of bureaucratic actions or results. This article is intended to help both students and public managers understand the importance of representativeness in public organizations for a broad spectrum of practices and goals, from the coproduction of services to democratic rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public value creation has become a critical challenge, but existing approaches have limitations and it is unclear how they can be integrated. This article addresses this issue by analyzing four best-practice cases in which public value was created through the integration of community indicators and government performance management. It identifies an iterative process of participation, legitimation, and implementation, with institutional innovations across boundaries between civil society, politics, and administration. These institutional innovations help integrate the often fragmented arenas of participation, legitimation, and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaboration can make sense when there is some sort of 'collaborative advantage' to be gained, meaning organizations can achieve something together that they cannot easily achieve by themselves. However, the literature is essentially silent on how to identify collaborative advantage. This article addresses this shortcoming in the theory of collaborative advantage for public purposes by proposing a set of goal categories that may be used to help articulate collaborative advantage and introducing the use of visual strategy mapping as part of a facilitated group process to figure out what the collaborative advantage might be. Collaborative advantage, as it is normally understood, consists of shared core goals. Collaborative advantage for public purposes should take into account public values beyond shared core goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a comparative study of the barriers to open e-learning in public administrations in Luxembourg, Germany, Montenegro and Ireland. It discusses the current state of open e-learning of public administration employees at the local government level and derives the barriers to such learning. This paper's main contribution is its presentation of an empirical set of barriers in the four European countries. The results allow informed assumptions about which barriers will arise in the forthcoming use of open-source e-learning technology, particularly open educational resources as means of learning. Furthermore, this study offers a contextualised barrier framework that allows the systematic capture and comparison of challenges for future studies in the field. Other practical contributions include providing advice about open e-learning programmes, systematising lessons learned and addressing managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines to what extent transparency is a condition for the creation of public value. Transparency is usually narrowly defined as a tool for external stakeholders to monitor the internal workings of an organization, but public value management positions transparency as a broader instrument for actively engaging stakeholders. We investigate empirically whether transparency is indeed necessary to create public value, distinguishing between transparency about operational capacity, authorizing environment, and value proposition. We find that more transparent public organizations achieved higher public value scores, especially if they disclosed information about the design and dynamics of their authorizing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on understanding leadership in public administration (PA) with the help of literature and poetry, and talks of German philosopher Leo Strauss and American political scientist Dwight Waldo, Henry V, character from author William Shakespear's play, and human elements of PA.

The article explores the challenges of public administrators with reference to the human element themes used by author Shakespeare in his plays, and talks of organizational management skills, increasing transparency, and humanity and social relations in public administration.

The article discusses research concerning the processes and challenges of standardization of Mirandese, an indigenous regional minority language spoken by rural communities in Miranda do Douro district and Vimioso district in the Northeastern Portuguese-Spanish border. It highlights the complementary and uncompetitive relationship between the various languages depicting the social domain pairings. Information about the major role of public administration, church, and school officials in choosing Spanish in social interactions with Spanish nationals, is also mentioned.

This paper examines the link between political control of government bureaucracies and citizens' likelihood to stage disruptive protests. A public administration heavily controlled by politicians, and staffed to a large extent with political appointees, allows politicians to intervene in policy implementation and favor some groups over others in terms of access to public services. Such a system may induce citizens or civic associations to resort to disruptive actions to express demands and demonstrate political relevance, and thereby secure access to public goods. The effects are hypothesized to be more pronounced where civil society is stronger. We test the arguments empirically on data from 19 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the findings are consistent with the hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Territorial governance usually exists in contexts of social complexity and multi-scalar relations deriving from challenges facing the practical applications of planning and management processes. Following a theoretical framework review, we highlight those that may be considered foundational principles of territorial governance practices, and incorporate them in a proposal for a methodology based on the knowledge and perception of the actors involved to evaluate Brazilian and Portuguese experiences. Results suggest enquiring into the theoretical scope: is the territorial governance a reality? We conclude with suggestions for future avenues of research that seek to elucidate this question based on a wider spectrum of organizations and territorial contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas is the property of Revista Faculdad de Derecho y Ciencias Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

What roles do society and public opinion play in state policy-making? Following the philosophical-political literature, this article adopts a theoretical framework examining two phases of public activity: public and private. Viewing public opinion as a significant factor in the evolution of Russian politics, the article traces development of public and private phases during the Putin presidency. Causal factors driving the oscillations between public and private phases, and attitudinal and behavioral features of each phase, are discussed. These dynamics are also traced in the regions. Questions about the possibilities for and nature of changes in Russian society are raised and analyzed. DOI: 10.2747/1060-586X.26.2.121

Drawing the citizen back into public for a has become the issue of the day in democratic countries around the globe. On the political stage, there is growing alarm over a perceived 'democratic deficit,' which has inspired a variety of innovative means of engaging citizens in public policy decisions. This plethora of engagement mechanisms invites the question of how citizens evaluate these engagement opportunities, a question that reveals a decided lacuna of studies regarding citizen assessments of these various mechanisms. This study is a report from the citizen participants on the merits of a Nova Scotia model of citizen engagement in policy development. It examines a citizen task force organized by Voluntary Planning, which conducted a citizen consultation process to create policy recommendations for heritage preservation in Nova Scotia, using its distinctive technique of citizen engagement. This study is the first evaluation of the Nova Scotia process from the perspective of citizen participants conducted to date. It concludes that the process used is highly regarded and enhances the legitimacy of such mechanisms as the 'voice of the people' for citizens themselves and government decision-makers. Faire a nouveau participer le citoyen a des forums publics est devenu la question du jour dans les pays democratiques du monde entier. Sur la scene politique, on s'inquiete de plus en plus de ce qui est percu comme un << deficit democratique >>, d'ou les divers moyens innovateurs mis en place pour inciter les citoyens a participer aux decisions en matiere de politiques publiques. Cette plethore de mecanismes d'implication souleve la question de savoir comment les citoyens evaluent ces possibilites de participation, question qui revele une lacune incontestables d'etudes concernant les evaluations de ces divers mecanismes par le citoyen. Cette etude est un rapport de citoyens participants, concernant les merites d'un modele de participation des citoyens a l'elaboration de politiques en Nouvelle-Ecosse. Elle examine un groupe de travail de citoyens mis sur pied par Voluntary Planning, organisme qui a mene un processus de consultations publiques afin d'obtenir des recommandations de politiques pour la preservation du patrimoine en Nouvelle-Ecosse, en ayant recours a sa propre technique de participation des citoyens. Cette etude est la premiere evaluation du processus de la Nouvelle-Ecosse selon la perspective des citoyens participants a avoir ete effectuee jusqu'a ce jour. Elle conclut que le processus utilise est fortement prise et accroit la legitimite de tels mecanismes comrne etant la << voix du peuple >> pour les citoyens eux-memes et les decisionnaires gouvernementaux., There is a growing consensus that the way forward is to focus on both a more active and engaged citizenry and a more responsive and effective state that can deliver [...]

Abstract The Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) has had an urban affairs program since the late 1970s. The Organization has in recent years positioned itself as strongly supportive [...]

Twenty of us from across the state were sitting in the chambers of the House of Representatives. Speaking to us about civic leadership, a former senator asked, 'How many of [...]

Selon Fung et Wright, la mise en place d'une gouvernance participative impliquerait l'apparition de contre-pouvoirs specifiques, differents de ceux qui caracterisent les espaces politiques <> dans lesquels operent les mouvements sociaux. Nous discutons ces conclusions a partir d'une comparaison des roles joues par des comites de citoyens a Marseille et a Quebec dans l'emergence et l'activite d'instances participatives nouvelles. A l'inverse des deux auteurs, nous soulignons que, dans certains cas au moins, la mise en place d'une gouvernance plus participative ne saurait se passer de l'existence de mouvements sociaux, et que certaines des <> que Fung et Wright pretent aux contre-pouvoirs specifiques des nouvelles instances participatives peuvent favoriser, au contraire, des logiques de cooptation, nefastes aux pratiques de la democratie participative. Nous terminons cette discussion par une reflexion plus generale sur les facons de penser le conflit en science politique et sur leur pertinence epistemologique et heuristique. According to Fung and Wright, the establishment of participatory governance involves specific stakeholders, different from those characterizing the 'antagonistic' political spaces in which social movements operate. We discuss these conclusions via a comparison of roles played by citizens' committees in Marseille and Quebec City in the emergence of new participatory instances. Contrary to the two authors, we stress that, at least in certain cases, the establishment of more participatory governance could hOt occur without the existence of social movements. More precisely, some features that Fung and Wright attribute to participatory stakeholders could, on the contrary, favour co-optation, harmful to the practices of participatory democracy. We complete this discussion with a more general overview of ways of perceiving the conflict in political science and their epistemological and heuristic relevance.

In a time of increasingly complex problems, a network of public, private, and nonprofit partners are together tasked with providing public service and thus defining the common good. Scholars and practitioners should consider how the provision of services by partners who span organizational and sectoral boundaries addresses foundational public service values and obligations. KEYWORDS: ethics, networks, values

The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights announces a significant array of welfare entitlements--to personal health and health care, medicine, nutrition, water, improved living conditions, environmental protection, and so forth--as well as corresponding governmental duties to provide for such public health measures, though the simple expedient of announcing that such entitlements are 'basic human rights.' The Universal Declaration provides no argument for the legitimacy of the sweeping governmental authority, taxation, and regulation to create and impose such 'rights. 'As this paper explores that some action promotes a purported good, such as 'health,' does not thereby make the action morally permissible. Just as there are moral limits on legitimate personal actions, there are also moral limits on legitimate governmental actions to promote purported goods, including health. A core question of any governmental regulation, therefore, is whether it is a legitimate application of moral political authority or an unauthorized act of state coercion. Pace UNESCO's wide-ranging assertions, this paper argues that promoting health only falls within the legitimate authority of governments in very narrowly defined circumstances. As the paper critically explores, at stake are foundational moral and political questions concerning the limits of governmental authority to intervene in the consensual interaction of persons. Imposing such duties on others, including citizens of a state through regulatory activity and taxation, must be justified, nonarbitrary, and demonstrably within the limits of moral political authority. UNESCO's assertions do not meet this burden of proof. Keywords: human rights, smoking bans, UNESCO, Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights

This article explores a sociological account of practical wisdom in public administrations. Very little research on contemporary applications of wisdom exists, and what research there is has a cognitive bias, largely ignoring sociology. For public organizations to create the conditions for wise practice within themselves and within individual administrators, an understanding of the social relational structures and processes that build and sustain practical wisdom is crucial. Furthermore, given that there is an aesthetic dimension to practical wisdom, an aesthetics-based approach to sociology of organizational wisdom provides a useful starting point in this sociological project. Aesthetics raises important issues of communicative action and discourse that address social relations and their structures and processes. Finally, a research agenda that explores these structural and processual issues in public administration is canvassed.

Under the Labour government, Local Strategic Partnerships (LSPs) in England were responsible for the delivery of Local Area Agreements (LAAs) - agreed targets between central and local government. This paper uses statistical techniques and local authority case studies to explore the impact of LAAs on LSPs' efforts to promote social cohesion. The results suggest that LSPs with a LAA for social cohesion experienced a better rate of improvement in community cohesiveness than those without, and that tougher targets resulted in stronger improvement. The impact of changes in LSPs' approaches to promoting social cohesion appears to be responsible for this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on role of social bond in public administration. It discusses four primary approaches to governance, which are referred to as Institutional, Atomistic, Holographic, and Fragmented. It mentions that social contract commodifies relationship by turning it into a transaction rather than an authentic sharing of experience. It also discusses the psychological aspects of social bond.

If the object of developing and developed world leaders is to uplift their peoples continually, then it is essential to measure approximations of actual service deliveries (what we ought to mean by 'governance'), not to rate nations impressionistically according to the perceived quality of their operations, their perceived impartiality (as per Rothstein), the extent of their bureaucratic autonomy (as per Fukuyama and others), or their capacity to coax or coerce citizens. Only in that positive manner can we distinguish the governments that are producing abundant political goods (i.e., good governance) from those that no longer are, or never did. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista del Centro de Investigación. Universidad La Salle is the property of Universidad La Salle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista del Centro de Investigación. Universidad La Salle is the property of Universidad La Salle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social procurement has gained attention in modern public management; however, considerable differences exist in understanding what social procurement actually is. Divergent definitions of social procurement inhibit effective policy implementation, and can result in imprecision in empirical research. This paper develops a typology of social procurement implementation, and advances a coherent single definition of social procurement. Clarifying the intent and approaches to social procurement will assist policy implementation and empirical evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creativity is an enormously important resource for speeding up economic growth and human development, especially in Third World settings in which social transformation from traditionalism to modernity is urgent. This paper takes the view that Human Resource Management models need to be extended to embrace whole societies, not confined just to business organizations. It seeks to identify the factors that advance creativity and innovation in Third World societies, especially India. Based on the views of a number of scholars representing diverse disciplines, it develops a model of the factors that propel a society towards more creativity and innovation. It makes a preliminary face validity test of the model on a few societies known to be relatively highly innovative. On applying the model to India, it locates three key areas for accelerating creativity and innovation in India: government, educational institutions and civil society. The paper presents a number of suggestions on how creativity and innovation in Third World contexts can be spurred through innovation-enhancing design and functioning of government administration, educational bodies and civil society institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Corruption and trust are two important determinants of the quality of public sectors. Empirical studies in different literatures suggest that corruption and trust have effects on factors such as economic growth, the quality of democratic institutions, life quality, the size and effectiveness of the public sector and much more. The purpose of this special issue – one that goes to the heart of the comparative policy ethos which is central to the journal's mission – is to draw on a number of country examples to shed light on the state of the literature on the connection between corruption and trust. The aim is to show that these two concepts are highly relevant to each other, and that their interconnections are important to understand the public sector consequences of corruption and trust. By focusing on these concepts, we hope that this special issue can pave the road for further comparative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]