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This research was conducted to prove that the economic welfare of the community is related to and has an influence on the existence of corporate social responsibility activities. The findings in this study assume the existence of the Covid-19 as a period that has an impact on the global crisis. The effects of the global crisis caused companies to experience a decline in net sales, and policies on corporate social activities changed. This study tries to link the variables of public ownership and net sales of companies to disclosure of social responsibility and the economic welfare of the community. The sampling design in this study uses a list of manufacture companies included in the Kompas 100 index list for two consecutive years, namely 2020 and 2021, which is the period when the health crisis in Indonesia began. The results of this study are that the variables of public ownership structure and net sales index have a significant relationship with social responsibility disclosure. However, the disclosure of social responsibility is not significant to economic welfare. Public ownership brings the company more attention from the surrounding community. Meanwhile, sales growth is used as a company measure to satisfy company owners and benefit the community. With company policies that benefit the community, supporting the government improves economic welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trend towards de-privatisation has reshaped the role of local governments and their delivery of public services across the world. Local de-privatisation encompasses the twin processes of remunicipalisation, whereby towns, cities, and rural districts take previously privatised services and infrastructure back into public ownership, and municipalisation, a process of setting up new public provision. While global in scope, de-privatisation is particularly pronounced in Germany, prompting debates about the progressive potential of public ownership as an alternative (urban) politics beyond neoliberalism. This paper explores de-privatisation in rural Germany, and critically investigates how the shifting terrain of the local state in the Ilm-Kreis has led to the de-privatisation of two key sectors: waste and bus transportation (and vice versa). The paper illustrates how the two cases unfolded, highlighting the variegated actors and agencies, the complex contexts, and the dynamic and contested politics of de-privatisation in the Ilm-Kreis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article assesses the constraints and capacities for Canadian state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to enhance economic democracy. Constraints include the democratic deficit produced by the commercialization of SOEs, which shifted away from historically privileging the social outcomes of public enterprise, together with the construction of a global governance architecture with binding and enforceable trade agreements that constrain democratic decision-making and state activity. Capacities include opportunities for SOEs to address deleterious economic outcomes through a rejuvenation of the socially oriented public enterprise tradition in areas of vexing policy concern. The article argues that SOEs can be an important component of enhanced extended state democracy through their redistributive outcomes that provide non-market income support for social infrastructure and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We build on the experience of the COVID-19 crisis to investigate how a State owned and a private company, such as the national health system, are managed when a crisis may occur. We develop our analysis considering an incomplete contract model. We concentrate our attention on the incentives for economic agents assuming that the State expropriates property rights in the crisis event. The choice between public and private health system depends on three key elements: expropriation degree of the State/power of the private sector, damage of cost reduction innovations, probability of a crisis event. If the probability of the crisis is high, the damage is significant and the contracting power of the manager is strong then public ownership may be optimal because cost innovations are more aligned to the first best solution than in case of a private ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public ownership has emerged as desirable and achievable in the United Kingdom in the 2020s. The ongoing water crisis in England and concerns about 'greedflation' in sectors such as electricity and gas following recent price rises have encouraged interest in public ownership. Informed discussion is compromised, however, by a gap in public knowledge. This partly stems from the distance of time, a generation or more, since publicly owned enterprises operated in these sectors across Britain. We argue that public ownership is best understood in terms of fundamentals. Our proposed typology presents the predominant form of public ownership, nationalisation, as a response to fundamental problems, or devised as more efficient management of fundamental sectors, or established to achieve fundamental citizenship values. The typology is developed in dialogue with historical British experiences, then applied to contemporary examples of Scottish government policy, namely shipbuilding, social care and railways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the role of institutional ownership and public ownership in reducing financial statement manipulation reports using the classification shifting method. Methodology/approach: This study uses a quantitative method and collects data from IDX and Bloomberg. Using purposive sampling Comapanies listed as 100 Compas Index during 2022 this study employs 98 companies as research sample. Data are then analysed using regression Warp-PLS 8.0. Findings: The result indicate that institutional ownership and public ownership significantly reduce financial statement manipulation utilising classification shifting method of the companies. Practical and Theoretical contribution/Originality: This research is expected to contribute in providing additional insights both theoretically and practically for policy makers and companies for an increase in more careful supervision to minimize the practice of classification shifting in financial statement manipulation. Research Limitation: The limitation of this research is the scope of the research which only looks at companies included in the Kompas 100 Index in 2022, which is a small representation of all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

The development of Underground Gas Storage (UGS) in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs has always been a priority for industrialized countries. This is mainly because UGS helps in balancing the seasonal supply and demand of gas, managing reservoirs efficiently over time, ensuring the security of gas supply, and fulfilling international contractual obligations. Providing a legal platform and an attractive contract model is crucial to encourage private sector participation in this strategic industry and accelerate UGS development. Concession arrangements are one of the most commonly used and attractive models for UGS development. However, the main question of this research is whether the use of concessional agreements faces any legal prohibitions. To answer this question, the legal challenges facing the application of this contractual model in the oil fields development have been investigated. In this regard, the research verifies whether this industry is upstream or downstream from the legal point of view, and considers the opinions of prominent jurists. After analyzing the unique features of the storage industry, the essential differences between UGS and the traditional development of oil fields, and especially the governmental ownership of the gas that is injected, the conclusion is that the use of concession agreements is allowed

Küreselleşme olgusu ile ortaya çıkan uluslararası rekabet koşulları firmaları inovasyon performanslarını artırmaya zorlamaktadır. Otomotiv sektörü ülke ekonomileri içerisinde inovasyon ve teknolojik rekabete en yatkın sektörlerden biridir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmada Türk otomotiv firmalarının inovasyon performansını etkileyen faktörlerden sermaye yapısı incelenmiştir. Yabancı, kamu ve özel sektör sermaye paylarının Türk otomotiv firmalarında inovasyon performansını ne yönde etkileyeceği sorusu 61 adet otomotiv ana ve yan sanayi firmasından oluşan 2006-2020 dönemini kapsayan veri seti ile incelenmektedir. Probit yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilen bulgular kamu sermayesi ortaklığının otomotiv firmalarının inovasyon performansındaki artış ihtimalini kuvvetlendirdiği, yabancı sermayenin ise olumsuz bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular sektörün inovasyon performansı açısından piyasa yetersizliğine işaret etmektedir.

Oil, as an economic and strategic commodity, has played an effective and decisive role in the political and economic destiny of the country and its people since the past and because these resources belong to the people, and on the other hand, its management is the responsibility of the government according to the law, entrusted to act according to the interests the people. In order to realize this, it is necessary to comply with the principles and requirements that the theory of enforcement to public rights in Anfal and public wealth in oil and gas sector tries to explain the necessity and manner of realizing these rights and the obstacles to their realization by respecting the property rights of the people. In the regard, the management of exploration, optimal production, the manner and quantity of supply, the income from exports and the manner of spending it are of particular importance. One of the positive and influential factors for the realization of public rights is the key role of the government in implementing good governance and regulation in order to restore and protect these rights, and the effective and reciprocal role of the people in this regard, and the negative factors are the weakness of laws and inefficiency, Management officials pointed out. The main questions raised in this article are: What is the performance of the responsible party to realize peoples, rights in oil and gas natural resources? Are there practical measures and serious determination to solve the problems in the industry and remove the obstacles to the realization of peoples right in natural resources of oil and gas? The evaluation of the performance of officials and law in a descriptive and analytical way has been examined in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of public ownership in moderating the effect of earning persistence and growth opportunities on the future earnings responses’ coefficient is the focus of this study. Understanding the background of these concepts provides context for the research. This study aims to determine the role of public ownership in moderating the effect of earning persistence and growth opportunities on future earnings responses coefficient. This research uses companies in the Consumer Cyclicals sector and the Consumer Non-Cyclicals sector during the 2018-2021 period. Sampling method with purposive sampling. The results of this study indicate that earnings persistence affects the Future Earning Responses Coefficient. Growth Opportunities have no effect on the Future Earning Responses Coefficient. The role of public ownership is able to strengthen the effect of earning persistence and Growth Opportunities on Future Earning Responses Coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present study aims to assess the restriction of private ownership on the cultural-historical property based on the public interest and evaluate how this restriction is explained and what restrictions the cultural heritage rules and regulations impose on the private ownership. The present descriptive and analytical study seeks to examine the above-mentioned questions using the library method. Based on the results, statute law has defined a large number of restrictions for the owner including the owner restriction in the obligation to declare, implement protection plans, as well as sale and transfer of the cultural-historical property. Theories such as public interest are considered as the basis for the restriction of ownership on historical-cultural property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dynamics in Social Sciences & Humanities is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionCities are taking up services of social importance under the (re)municipalisation movement. The Dutch government embarked on an ambitious heat transition and proposed in 2022 to make all district heating projects public or semi-public, with a majority public share. This proposal has sparked intense debates among groups in favour of and against a shift to public ownership.MethodsThis study assessed 16 public projects through qualitative research and uncovered the arguments for and against public ownership among key public and private stakeholders.ResultsWhile public ownership is deemed necessary to meet social objectives and address the shortcomings of private models, critical views question the economic performance and inappropriate political choices in some public projects. These critical views propose alternative ways to safeguard public values, such as ensuring affordability and meeting climate goals. Despite disagreements, public and private actors recognise the shared responsibility and the importance of the other's role. They agree that the central government's proposed mandate for public ownership may limit flexibility at the local level and prevent other effective configurations like public-private partnerships with equal public-private shares.DiscussionReflecting on the study findings, it is debatable whether mandating public ownership nationwide, as proposed by the Dutch government, should become the approach to tackle current challenges instead of allowing more flexibility. The upcoming Heat Act may reduce key issues justifying public ownership, such as affordability, cherry-picking and the lack of transparency of private projects. Further research is needed to determine whether public ownership would enhance citizens' support and speed up realisation. Public ownership may still be necessary if social and cost benefits outweigh those from other configurations or long-term concession contracts are too risky. Implementing regulations protecting public values and enabling the coexistence of public, private or public-private configurations tailored to each unique local context could be an alternative, as successful district heating sectors abroad demonstrate.

Airports were originally built as publicly owned organizations, and their main role was to provide services in the public interest. Over the years, the traditional ownership structure began to change and new models of ownership began to emerge. The main aim of the present work is to compare the relationship between the economic results of the regional airports in selected central European countries focused on the Visegrad Group (V4) and their ownership structure to determine whether changes in ownership structures have significantly benefited some airports. The issue of changes in ownership structures has also affected regional airports in recent years because their economic situation is complex due to ineffectiveness. Recently state governments have begun changing their state politics; development strategies and the results of this research can help them to prepare a new approach for this purpose.

This article examines managerial ideology and identity in the nationalised British coal industry. On nationalisation in 1947, the National Coal Board (NCB) – after 1987 the British Coal Corporation – became the largest socialised industry outside of the Communist bloc. Privatised in 1994, as part of liberal market reforms, the industry was a crucible for ideological clashes amongst managers. The article responds to interest in the impact of managerial ideologies and identities on organisations and in the search for illuminating historical case studies in different organisational settings. The authors position those ideological clashes, and distinctive managerial identities, within a moral economic framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capital requirements increase as aquaculture becomes more industrialized, with firms increasing their scale of production and capital intensity. Public listing at stock exchanges can provide improved access and cheaper financing for firms. Since the public listing is a fairly recent phenomenon and relatively few aquaculture firms have entered stock markets, it is useful to investigate the differences in profitability among listed and private aquaculture firms. Our econometric estimates based on a unique panel dataset of Norwegian salmon companies indicate that the sources of profitability, as measured by return on assets (ROA), are different among the two groups of companies. Listed companies are able to increase profitability through working capital optimization; however, they are more negatively affected by operating leverage and liquidity. This indicates that using liquidity as a risk reduction measure is costly in the industry. Although private firms have historically performed better on average in terms of ROA, the difference is not statistically different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the relationship between political connection and tax avoidance and the role of ownership structure as a moderating variable. Corporate tax avoidance is calculated using effective tax rate (ETR). The research population is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2019. Using purposive method this study gathered data from 119 companies or 357 company-year observations. This study revealed that political connection has a negative effect on ETR. This finding indicates that the political connections may lead to nepotism practices with aim to reduce the corporate tax burden. The managerial ownership strengthens the negative relationship between political connection and ETR. However, institutional ownership weakens the negative relationship between political connection and ETR. Contrary to these two results, public ownership cannot moderate the political connection and ETR.

This study discusses the effect of profitability, company size, leverage, public ownership and type of auditor on the quality of financial statement disclosure of non-financial companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).Research population is companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. The total population in the year of research was 627 companies and the samples that fit the criteria were 358 companies. Retrieval data was tested by using panel regression.From these results, it indicates the variable profitability have no significant on the quality of financial of financial statement disclosures (p=0,232 > 0,05). Company size has positive and significant effect on the quality of financial statement disclosures (p=0,002 < 0,05). Leverage does not significantly influence on the quality of financial statement disclosures (p=0,560 > 0,05). Community ownership does not significantly influence on the quality of financial statement disclosures (p=0,176 > 0,05). Type of auditor has positive and significant effect on the quality of financial statement disclosures (p=0,018 < 0,05).

This study aims to determine the effect of Financial Performance on Green banking Disclosures, with a control mechanism as a moderating variable. The control mechanisms used in this study are the Board of Commissioners, the Audit Committee and Public Ownership. The method used is content analysis of 21 items of Green Banking Disclosure based on the Green Banking Disclosure Index (GBDI) developed by Bose at al. (2018). Model Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA) using SPSS software. The population in this study were all banks listed on the IDX during 2017-2019 and reported Green Banking Disclosures respectively. The results showed that financial performance directly had a positive effect on Green Banking Disclosure. Of the three elements of the control mechanism, only Public Ownership variables moderate the positive effect of Financial Performance on Green banking Disclosures. Meanwhile, the Board of Commissioners and the Audit Committee failed to moderate the effect of financial performance on Green Banking Disclosures. However, together these three control mechanism variables significantly moderate the positive influence of financial performance on Green Banking Disclosures in banking companies listed on the IDX during the study period.

The main objective of any firm is to maximize shareholder's wealth, which can be seen from firm value. This study aims to analyze and explain the effect of profitability, company size, capital structure, and liquidity risk on firm value banking companies in Indonesia. The population of this study is all banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with an observation period of 2017-2018. The sample selection using a purposive sampling method. Data have both cross-section and time variation. Analysis and hypothesis testing were carried out by using a linear regression analysis using Eviews 11. The results showed that investors viewed that the company's overall profits from its business activities could increase its share price. The capital structure owned by the public relatively small, which meant that the company could provide a source of funds from within the company in the form of the owner's capital or retained earnings. Funds obtained from loans, if they were not followed by the ability to manage funds or were not channeled back to the community, would cause interest expenses and destroy profits. This condition results in investors selling their shares. Investors in making investment decisions paid attention to one indicator at a time and paid attention to all the factors that determined the company's value.

Today, crude oil is one of the most important economic resources, utilization of which requires foreign investment and interaction with international oil corporations through inking appropriate contracts. Joint venture contract is among agreements reached between an oil company of the hosting country and a foreign oil corporation as investor. According to the agreement, the contractor explores and produces crude oil in a specified area and according to the terms and conditions stipulated in the contract. The benefits are thus shared between the two parties. Despite the fact that joint venture contracts are used as an appropriate contractual model in some countries, there are some ambiguities concerning these agreements that question their capacity for implementation. One such ambiguity that makes implementation of these contracts uncertain is about the transfer of ownership and its contradiction with the principle of Nafy-e Sabil (no-dependence rule) as an important jurisprudential principle. Authors of this paper have reviewed various views and analyses and have come to the conclusion that joint venture contract is not in contradiction with the principle of Nafy-e Sabil in the sense of rejecting dominance of the foreigners on public property, thus it does not contradict public ownership of the oil reserves.

Adopting environmental, social and governance (ESG) policies can lead local transport firms to strengthen their reputation progressively, with benefits to their productivity. Ownership structures, especially public ownership prevalent in the transport sector, can also shape company productivity. This study delves into the effects of public ownership on the productivity of a sample of Italian transportation firms, with particular emphasis on their adherence (or lack thereof) to ESG principles. A weighted least squares (WLS) estimation was adopted to assess public ownership's impact on productivity, and a difference-in-differences (DID) approach to examine the combined effect of ESG commitment and ownership structures. Productivity is determined through the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) function. The results highlight a distinct differential in productivity boosts between ESG-compliant and non-ESG-compliant entities. Notably, non-ESG-compliant entities derive more pronounced benefits from public ownership than their compliant counterparts. These findings imply that public ownership is pivotal, especially for firms not adhering to ESG standards. The empirical evidence underscores the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the interplay between public ownership and ESG compliance in shaping firm productivity. • Public ownership positively influences corporate productivity, especially for non-ESG compliant firms. • TFP analysis underscores the compensatory role of public ownership for firms lacking sustainable practices. • Regulatory frameworks play a crucial role in shaping local transport services and quality of public action. • Understanding the interplay between ESG commitments and ownership structures is crucial for promoting sector efficiency. • Policy makers should promote diffusion of ESG practices beyond current regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airports were originally built as publicly owned organizations, and their main role was to provide services in the public interest. Over the years, the traditional ownership structure began to change and new models of ownership began to emerge. The main aim of the present work is to compare the relationship between the economic results of the regional airports in selected central European countries focused on the Visegrad Group (V4) and their ownership structure to determine whether changes in ownership structures have significantly benefited some airports. The issue of changes in ownership structures has also affected regional airports in recent years because their economic situation is complex due to ineffectiveness. Recently state governments have begun changing their state politics; development strategies and the results of this research can help them to prepare a new approach for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to political economists, the state's governance of infrastructure is becoming prone to processes of financialization. To date, however, research on how state owners of infrastructure enable and react to the entry of financial logics into such domains remains limited. This paper mobilizes the case of Eandis, a Flemish energy grid company, as a typical case to examine the causal mechanisms involved when state-owned utilities become subject to financial logics. During the 2000s, Flemish municipalities increased their ownership of Eandis, while the company deepened its debt exposure to optimize return on capital. In 2016, Eandis aimed to attract private financial equity and selected a Chinese investment fund as a potential co-shareholder. Although this buy-in was blocked, the conditions under which the state-owned company became increasingly entangled with financial markets remain unchanged and warrant a deeper examination. To explain this trajectory, we identify two causal mechanisms in the fields of market-making and ownership strategies by the multiscalar state. First, we show how regulatory models caused Eandis to focus on financial metrics such as credit ratings, subjecting management to financial market disciplines. Second, we find that budgetary constraints, combined with top-down utility governance, have made municipalities dependent on financial returns on utilities. The interaction between market-making and financial ownership strategies institutionalizes a financialized gridlock, in which municipal shareholders' interests conflict with the need for low consumer fees and green grid investment. We argue that reforming the regulatory framework and strengthening fiscal solidarity across state layers would allow states to develop non-financialized strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work tries to explain the legal framework of the municipal building land in domestic law. Before the passing of the new entity building land laws in 2003, municipal building land in our country could exclusively be state or public property, without the possibility to become or to revert to private property. Aforementioned entity building land laws have partially transformed the right of use of building land into the right of ownership, while in the entity of Republika Srpska the new Building Land Act in 2006 made a step further in this direction by allowing restitution of the nationalized building land to previous owners, abolishing right of use and specifying procedure for the entry of ownership right in land registers after transformation. The basic intention of the transitional provisions of Property Rights Act of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity and Property Rights Act of Republika Srpska entity is to create a transitional civil law regime for the period of transformation from socialist legal system into modern European continental civil law system. Both of the property rights acts contain different transitional provisions regarding the building land, depending on that if it is land built on or land not built on. At the end of this work author has given commentary on the draft of new Building Land Act of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the II. World War, there was huge devastation, and without state intervention, it was not probable to reconstruct infrastructure and rejuvenate the industry. Under these conditions to reinvigorate the economy and overcome the destruction of the war, state intervention was welcomed by large parts of society. Accordingly, the state became a vital actor in the economic sphere, and Keynesian-Weberian structures were associated with development. However, after the mid-1970s, centrally planned economic policies were pointed out as the source of operational inefficiency, poor performance, and financial deficit. The proposals to rehabilitate the illnesses of the interventionist state were based upon neo-liberal principles and called New Public Management which became vogue in Europe and suggested limiting the boundary of state activities. One of its concrete outcomes is huge transfers of state-owned assets and public services to the private sector and limited the state's regulatory power. This article aims to contribute to understanding the nature and arguments of Keynesian interventionist and deregulatory neo-liberal approaches upon the state's role in the economic domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The term “National Monuments” is a familiar title for today’s citizens. However, this term is not as old as nine decades. The first time, this term has been mentioned in the books of intellectual authors in the Qajar era. After the establishment of Pahlavi, special legal rules have been passed in 1930. Materials and Methods: For present study, the analytical-descriptive approach has been chosen. Ethical Considerations: All ethical considerations as well as authenticity of the texts have been observed. Findings: In laws and regulations related to national monuments, we cannot consider a comprehensive definition in this regard. Similar concepts such as cultural possessions, historical property, artistic property, antique treasures, national treasures, and natural monuments overlap with this concept. Conclusion: According to the current legal order in the field of national monuments, spending one hundred years is necessary for the description of the cultural - historical monuments. Please Cite This Article As: Karami, H & Kheirkhah, S (2020). “Conceptualization and History of National Monuments in Iranian Law”. Interdisciplinary Legal Research, 1 (3): 1-15.

Drawing on the new institutional sociology theory, this study aims at exploring the implementation of environmental accounting. We analysed sustainability and annual reports of 39 manufacturing companies in Indonesia from 2010 to 2017. The hypotheses of the study were tested using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicated that company reputation has a positive effect on environmental accounting. However, public ownership has no effect. These results showed that community power failed to encourage companies to disclose environmental accounting. The environmental reporting provided by companies was merely a ceremonial for the good company reputation. The findings of this study contribute to the policy development in which the government might need to tighten regulations for companies to administer their impacts on the environment and provide awards for those succeeding in implementing environmental accounting.

This study aims to prove empirically the disclosure of operating segments to investment risk. The object of research us-ing population of manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2011-2015. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique based on predetermined criteria. The test results showed that tax incentive is positive the tax incentive the avoidance, with significant use of GAAP ETR but not significant using Current ETR. Debt to equity ratio is signif-icant the tax avoidance, while return on assets and firm size (size) does not affect the tax avoindance if using proxy GAAP ETR. The test results when viewed using proxy Current ETR find that the return on asset significant to tax evasion, while the debt to equity ratio and firm size (size) has no effect on tax avoidance.

Since independence in 2011, the Republic of South Sudan has witnessed growth in the financial systems and the overall economy. This has led to growth in the number of financial institutions in the country. There is however minimal research on their overall performance. Hence the current research sought to determine the effect of ownership structure, bank stability and the financial performance of commercial banks in South Sudan. The population for the study was all the 29 commercial banks in South Sudan. Secondary data was collected for the period 2012-2017 from audited annual financial reports of individual banks and the Central Bank of South Sudan reports while primary data was collected by the use of a semi-structured questionnaire. Collected data was edited, sorted and coded into SPSS 23 for subsequent data analysis using SPSS 23 statistical analysis tool. This research utilized both descriptive and inferential statistical methods in the analysis. Statistical tests to be utilized in the study included t-tests, f-test, regression models and ANOVA models. Findings of the research were presented using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation, correlation coefficients, charts, tables, and other statistical measures. Results of the study indicated there was a statistically significant moderating effect of ownership structure on the financial performance of commercial banks in South Sudan. This study recommends that the government should adopt better measures to safeguard public-owned commercial banks to improve their efficiency and performance.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, state leaders including Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping have all made important statements on the fundamental economic system of socialism. Reviewing and analyzing the history of the formulations in important Chinese documents on the fundamental economic system, this paper highlights China's exploration of theoretical innovation as promoted by innovation in practice. The paper contends that in dealing with the relationships between planning and market and between government and market, and while defending the fundamental role played by the market in resource allocation, we should consistently stress the superiority of socialism and point to the active roles of the party and government, while emphasizing the attribute of "socialist." In discussing how to combine the socialist economic system with the market economy, the paper stresses the superiority of socialism as a fundamental system, and contends that public ownership must be retained as the mainstay of the economy, so that the general character of the market economy can be transformed and endowed with a socialist character. The paper also discusses how the market economy should be combined with the fundamental economic system of socialism from the perspective of political economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Publicly owned private‐law organizations represent a sort of a hybrid between pure‐public and pure‐private management forms, and a rather successful one, at least if one considers the ongoing success that such organizations encounter in many European countries, especially at the local level. Economic theory has devoted scant attention to the reasons that may confer a competitive advantage to public enterprises, vis‐à‐vis both entirely privatized companies and traditional public bureaucracies. The paper develops a conceptual framework to systematically evaluate the performances of local SoEs in relation to their ability to achieve policy goals. By considering SoEs as output‐maximizing organizations rather than profit‐maximizing ones, the proposed approach entails an interactive dialogue between evaluators, policymakers and managers to deliver better evaluation outcomes. The methodology is applied to assess the performance of a sample of local SoEs owned by the Region Friuli Venezia Giulia in Italy in an effort to support policymakers in deciding whether to maintain its shareholding participations or divest them, that is, privatizing the public services involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Ownership Structures berupa Public Ownership, State Ownership, Outside Ownership, dan Foreign Ownership terhadap Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) pada 19 perusahaan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) dan terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014-2018. Peneliti menambahkan variabel kontrol yaitu opini audit, profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, jenis industri dan umur listing pada penelitian ini. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Pengujian hipotesis (t-hitung; sig) menunjukkan bahwa State Ownership (-2,611; 0,011), Public Ownership (-3,296;0,011) memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Internet Financial Reporting sementara Outside Ownership (0,461:0,646) dan Foreign Ownership (-0,837;0,405) tidak berpengaruh terhadap Internet Financial Reporting, hanya profitabilitas (2,303;0,024) memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap IFR, variabel control lainnya tidak berpengaruh. Hasil menunjukkan R square sebesar 25,4%, dan anova (F-hitung; sig), (3,063;0,003).

A government centric corporate governance system can potentially influence the government’s industrial policies. The existence of shareholders is realized through the transfer of ownership and management of state-owned enterprises to the non-governmental sector. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of public and private ownership on corporate governance in Zahedan Telecommunication Company. This research is empirical in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research. The statistical population of this study were the managers and employees of Zahedan Telecommunication Company in 2019 and 58 of them were considered for the final sample, using Cochran's formula. The data was analysed by SPSS software. The results of the hypothesis test showed that public and private ownership has a significant effect on corporate governance. On the other hand, the findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between government ownership and the reduction of bank delinquencies, there is also a meaningful relationship between private ownership and an increase in the profits of the telecommunications company.