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Despite its high incidence in the workplace, boredom is yet to be examined in the context of the creative studio. This concern is particularly pertinent because creative personality types are reported to be more boredom prone than others and because, in general, boredom is negatively associated with motivation, a key determinant of creativity and workplace performance. Using control-value theory (CVT) and based on interviews with more than 30 creatives, this article reveals situational antecedents, with their associated control and value appraisals, which lead to creatives becoming bored. Poor briefing, lack of autonomy, and insufficient feedback lead to low control appraisals, while repetition and task-identity incongruence result in low value appraisals. The article examines the consequences of boredom both in terms of individual (reduced or diverted effort) and social (asocial or antisocial) behavior. It also recommends strategies for suppressing the emergence of boredom in the studio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of biblical trauma scholarship that identifies how traumatic experience has shaped biblical literatures and the Psalms in particular, interest has emerged in the potential therapeutic role of Psalm 90 in Christian-framed trauma therapies. Drawing on the SIFT approach to biblical hermeneutics, the present study tests the extent to which feeling types and thinking types read Psalm 90 differently. These two readings present different challenges working with this Psalm in trauma therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure good welfare of animals in human hands, it is essential to modify housing conditions according to the animals’ needs. Traditionally, the effects of such modifications are studied by means of group-level comparisons, thereby widely neglecting consistent inter-individual differences (i.e., so-called ‘animal personalities’). However, as animals with distinct personality types might differ in their environmental needs and hence react differently to the same environment, such systematic inter-individual differences might have important welfare consequences. This becomes particularly apparent under laboratory conditions, where animals are typically housed under highly standardized and barren environments. Against this background, we here aim to investigate personality-dependent welfare consequences in response to different housing conditions in laboratory mice. Female C57BL/6J mice were characterized for their personality type in exploration behavior and the most and the least explorative individuals were set up in either simple or in highly complex housing conditions that included constantly changing environmental enrichment items. We monitored individual welfare by studying behavioral, physiological, and immunological outcome measures. Besides personality dependent differences in immune parameters and overall improved welfare under complex housing conditions, we indeed found hints that individual mice were differently affected in their welfare depending on the specific combination of personality type and housing condition. Specifically, highly explorative mice appeared to be more adversely affected by simple housing, but also profited more from complex housing compared to low explorative mice. These findings indicate that welfare promoting adjustments do not necessarily benefit all individuals equally and therefore, call for a shift of perspectives in the evaluation of animal welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key digested message Results from a survey of 883 people show that those whose personality type matched that of the team expressed a higher level of job satisfaction and rated team performance higher. Implications for team development are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting the right academic major significantly shapes an individual's future career path, making it a longstanding focus of research. The shift to online platforms, accelerated by the challenges posed by the coronavirus pandemic, has transformed counseling and guidance systems. Consequently, developing robust online support systems has become imperative for extending guidance to all students. This article introduces the design, development, and evaluation of "My Future Career," a multidimensional recommendation system (RS) crafted to aid students in navigating university and academic major selection decisions. The system relies on three key student‐driven parameters: central university entrance exam scores, rankings, and occupational personality types, utilizing cosine similarity and normalized distance to align user and item profiles. Following the system's completion, an assessment was conducted using data from real users, revealing an impressive accuracy (hit rate 100%, precision 88%) in recommendations following the inclusion of contextual post‐filtering features. The findings not only highlight the system's effectiveness but also underscore the positive user experience, as students express contentment with its ease of use and practical utility. The results emphasize the endorsement of expert's regarding the system's consistency (52%), relevance (96%), and acceptance (96%) in providing recommendations. Practitioner Points: Due to the pivotal role of academic major selection in shaping future careers, there is a highlighted need to assist students in making informed decisions.This article introduces a multidimensional recommendation system designed to aid students in making informed decisions about their academic major selections.The results highlight the system's impressive accuracy (100% hit rate, 88% precision), positive user feedback, and expert endorsement regarding both relevance and acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In almost every country in the world, mental health problems are alarmingly on the rise. There are various myths and beliefs regarding mental health across various communities' that deviate from the scientific view. This may negatively affect treatment seeking and adherence among people with mental illness. We aimed to systematically review community perceptions of mental health problems in Ethiopia. Methods: MEDLINE/Pub Med, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Scopus/Science Direct, Hinari, and Google Scholar were systematically searched. The review was carried out following a mixed-method narrative synthesis approach and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Five qualitative and twelve quantitative primary studies that focused on the community's perceptions of mental health problems in Ethiopia were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance for conducting a mixed-method systematic review approach was used. A narrative synthesis following thematic analysis was conducted using a combination of the transformed quantitative data and the data from qualitative studies. Results: The review findings were classified into four domains, which are: perceived causes, identification symptoms, severity of mental disorders, and preferred treatment options. The community's perceptions of the causes of mental health problems consist of supernatural agents, socio-economic factors, and biochemical factors. Perceptions of treatment options comprise: religious treatment, modern medicine, psychosocial support, and traditional treatment. Conclusion: A variety of community perceptions towards mental health problems were seen. The community's perceptions vary from person to person and among types of mental health problems. Considering community-held beliefs helps programmers and implementers to design prevention, control, and management strategies for mental health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Few panel studies have investigated how different types of mental health (MH) and socio-emotional wellbeing (SEW) outcomes have changed during the pandemic and if their burden has been equally distributed at the population-level. We aimed to examine temporal changes in these outcomes and their socio-ecological predictors using panel data. Study design: Longitudinal population-based survey with overlapping panels. Methods: Analyses were carried out using four measurements of data from the Health and Social Survey (April 2020 to April 2021). Participants included Andalusian (Spanish) residents aged 16 years or older who participated in all four measurements (n = 1223). Seven dichotomous MH and SEW outcomes, as well as several socio-ecological predictors informed by a conceptual model, were examined in descriptive and multivariate analyses. Results: Unadjusted odds of regular/bad perceived mental health (vs. excellent/very good/good), low socio-emotional wellbeing (vs. regular), low happiness (vs. regular), and feeling anxious (vs. not feeling anxious) decreased significantly from the first to the second measurement; however, in the fourth, low socio-emotional wellbeing significantly increased while low optimism decreased. Considering varying coefficients, objectively measured COVID-19 status and self-reported severity levels of the infection were statistically significant. Health status, social support, and household financial difficulty predicted higher adjusted odds in most of the seven assessed outcomes. Conclusions: Significant temporal variations in MH and SEW outcomes, along with their predictors, were observed during the first year of the pandemic. Some of these outcomes worsened as the pandemic progressed, whereas others improved. Findings also suggest that some individuals such as those experiencing poor health, limited social support, and low socioeconomic status are disproportionately impacted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Exposure to mental stress in everyday life leads to several diseases that deteriorate the quality of people’s lives, and hinders the development of society. The development of mobile technology and wearable devices has made it possible to monitor the mental stress in real time. This study aims to develop a single-channel EEG-based framework to identify the multiple types of mental stress. Methods: Four different tasks (i.e., arithmetic operations, successive subtraction, Stroop color-word test, and number memory) combining time pressure with negative feedback were designed to induce mental stress. The EEG data of 21 participants was recorded and a total of 338 multi-domain features, i.e., time domain, frequency domain, nonlinear and time–frequency domain, were extracted from five sub-frequency bands and full frequency band. After a one-way analysis of variance, recursive feature elimination and support vector machine were combined to classify the stress level of the participants. Results: For all four tasks, 67, 72, 20, and 74 features were statistically different, and they covered all the feature domains. Similarly, the highest classification accuracy of 97.78%, 97.50%, 95.00%, and 100% were achieved while combining features from all domains. Furthermore, the delta, theta, alpha, and full frequency band were more effective in quantifying the stress levels. Conclusion: Our proposed framework validates the effectiveness of a single-channel EEG in detecting mental stress and offers great promise for its application in clinical and portable devices in everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is known to be associated with a negative emotional state. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are important tools for evaluating the endpoints of AF management. This study aims to examine the correlation between personality types and PROs in patients with AF. Methods: All included subjects were newly diagnosed with AF fewer than one month, and their personality types were assessed using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Quality of life (QoL) was measured using the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality of Life (AFEQT) questionnaire. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the General Anxiety Scale (GAD-7) and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. We constructed stepwise linear regression analyses for factors related to the QoL and emotional state in patients with AF. Results: A total of 531 AF patients completed the survey and were categorized into four groups based on their personality types. Of these patients (mean age: 67.12 ± 10.93 years, 50.28% male), 357 (67.23%) had paroxysmal AF, and 16.95% (n = 90) had a sanguine personality. Compared to patients with other personality types, those with a sanguine personality had the highest average AFEQT scores (P < 0.001) and the lowest scores of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales (P < 0.05). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analyses suggested that sanguine personality was also independently associated with better QoL and emotional states (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant association between the personality types and PROs in AF patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent and preventable diseases worldwide and impulsivity, a psychological trait characterized by making quick decisions without forethought, has been suggested as a key feature for health-related conditions. However, there have been no studies examining the relationships between impulsivity and the incidence of type 2 diabetes and our aim was to assess the prospective association between trait impulsivity and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Methods: A prospective observational study design was conducted between May 2014 and February 2023 within the NutriNet-Santé cohort. A web-based platform was used to collect data from the French adult population, with voluntary enrollment and participation. Of the 157,591 adults (≥ 18 years old) participating in the NutriNet-Santé study when impulsivity was assessed, 109,214 participants were excluded due to prevalent type 1 or 2 diabetes or missing data for impulsivity or follow-up data for type 2 diabetes. Trait impulsivity, and the attention, motor, and non-planning subfactors, were assessed at baseline using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11. Incident type 2 diabetes was ascertained through follow-up. Medical information was reviewed by NutriNet-Santé physician experts to ascertain incident diabetes cases based on the ICD-10. Cox regression models, using hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (HR [95% CI]), were performed to evaluate associations between impulsivity per 1 standard deviation increment and type 2 diabetes risk, adjusting by recognized confounders. Results: Of the 48,377 individuals studied (women 77.6%; age at baseline = 50.6 year ± 14.5 years), 556 individuals developed type 2 diabetes over a median follow-up of 7.78 (IQR: 3.97–8.49) years. Baseline impulsivity was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes incidence (HR = 1.10 [1.02, 1.20]). The motor impulsivity subfactor was positively associated with type 2 diabetes risk (HR = 1.14 [1.04, 1.24]), whereas no associations were found for attention and non-planning impulsivity subfactors. Conclusions: Trait impulsivity was associated with an increased type 2 diabetes risk, mainly driven by the motor impulsivity subfactor. If these results are replicated in other populations and settings, trait impulsivity may become an important psychological risk factor to be considered in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Cohort registration: Name of registry: The NutriNet-Santé Study. A Web-based Prospective Cohort Study of the Relationship Between Nutrition and Health and of Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Status Predictors. Cohort registration number: NCT03335644. Date of registration: October 11, 2017. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03335644 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This article integrates insights from the Journal of Personality's Registered Report‐only special issue, which explores the relationship between personality and experiences within solitude. Contrary to the traditional view that solitude primarily serves those who are introverted or seeking refuge from social interactions, findings in this issue demonstrate that solitude is actively sought by, and may hold benefits for, a broad spectrum of personality types. We discuss these findings and suggest there may be more complex interactions between personality and solitude than previously recognized. We highlight the importance of conceptual and methodological clarity in studying both personality and solitude. Studies also show that the benefits of solitude for well‐being depend on contextual factors including the function and purpose of solitude, and activities undertaken (or not) when alone. Preferences for, and enjoyment of, solitude are influenced by more than just personality traits; they are shaped by how personality interacts with specific situations and contexts. We provide practical recommendations for future research to refine methods in order to better understand the nuanced experiences of solitude. These approaches will help clarify the conditions under which solitude is most beneficial and offer deeper insights into how solitude can improve well‐being for different individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety, depression, and Type D personality are strongly correlated with the prognosis of IHD and the effectiveness of therapy. The main purpose of this study was to assess the proportions and associations of anxiety, depression, and Type D personality among clinically stable IHD patients (aged 18–60) treated at an outpatient clinic operated by a government hospital in Sri Lanka, who were diagnosed with IHD within the preceding three months. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was analysed using SPSS® version 23.0. The validated Sinhalese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure anxiety and depression, while the DS-14 was used to determine Type D personality traits. Results: Among the 399 patients, 29.8% (n = 119) had anxiety, 24.8% (n = 99) had depression, and 24.6% (n = 24.6) had Type D personality. The level of anxiety had a significant association with depression (p = 0.002) and Type D personality (p = 0.003). Furthermore, depression was significantly associated with ethnicity (p = 0.014), occupation (p = 0.010), and type D personality (p = 0.009). Type D personality was the strongest predictor of anxiety, with patients being 1.902 times more likely to experience anxiety (95% CI 1.149–3.148; p = 0.012). Anxiety was a significant predictor of depression, with patients being 1.997 times more likely to experience depression (95% CI 1.210–3.296; p = 0.007). Non-Sinhalese ethnic background was also a significant predictor of depression (OR: 0.240; 95% CI 0.073–0.785; p = 0.018). Anxiety increased the likelihood of having Type D personality traits by 1.899 times (95% CI 1.148–3.143; p = 0.013). Conclusion: The current study recommends the importance of screening and treating the psychological risk factors of IHD patients parallel to their IHD treatment to improve their prognosis. These insights highlight the need for targeted interventions that address depression, anxiety and the impact of Type D personality traits in enhancing the overall management and prognosis of IHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In marine coral reef ecosystems, anemonefish are a group with highly complex behavioral patterns and strict social hierarchies. However, there has been a paucity of research on the factors associated with stable hierarchical relationships or the behaviors performed during competitive interactions, especially in anemonefish in the growth phase before sexual differentiation. In the present study, we employed an observational approach to assess the personality type of each individual by observing the interactive behavior between unsexually differentiated Amphiprion clarkii. Our findings revealed that the personality of A. clarkii varied significantly between individuals, with two main types. Furthermore, our pairing experiments confirmed the impact of personality on the establishment of a stable social hierarchy. These personality-related behavioral traits are potentially important for both individual and population survival, and extend our understanding of the establishment and evolution of social hierarchies in anemonefish and their impact on population dispersal. Furthermore, they have the potential to guide aquaculture practices. In this study, the behavioral ethogram of Amphiprion clarkii during the growth phase prior to sexual differentiation was summarized based on behavioral observations in three social environments. These behaviors can be classified into four categories: in addition to normal behaviors, the other three categories of behaviors—threatening, agonistic, and appeasing behaviors—represent different intentions in interactions with other individuals. Subsequently, the personalities of each individual were assessed by testing their reactions to intruders. These individuals mainly exhibited two distinct personality types: bold-aggressive and shy-submissive. In pairing experiments, the interactive behaviors of the anemonefish were observed in pairing combinations of different body sizes and personalities. The impact of personality on the establishment of a stable social hierarchy was confirmed by significant differences in the success rates of different pairing combinations, with the frequency of appeasing behaviors being the main factor influencing the success rate. Our results suggested that in natural waters, when juvenile individuals migrate among host anemones, shy-submissive individuals are more likely to be accepted due to their appeasing behaviors towards larger individuals, thus avoiding the risk of being attacked and bitten, and benefiting the survival of the individual. Conversely, bold-aggressive individuals are more likely to be driven away to another host anemone due to their unwillingness to settle for a lower-ranked status, thereby contributing to population dispersal and increasing opportunities for gene exchange between populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many, direct democracy is said to increase political interest. To date, however, empirical findings regarding this relationship remain inconclusive. In this article, we claim that this inconclusiveness can be partly ascribed to the diverse effects that direct democracy has on individuals. In other words, direct democracy influences political interest, but how and to what degree depends on an individual's personality traits. Running hierarchical regression models with survey data from random samples of eligible American and Swiss voters, we arrive at the following three conclusions: First, in both countries, the use of direct democracy is not directly connected to political interest. Second, the Big Five personality traits affect the interest in politics. Third, neuroticism, in particular, alters the relationship between direct democracy and political interest, suggesting that a certain personality type is likely to be more sensitive to popular votes, and a vibrant democratic environment can help to inspire interest in politics for people who, because of their personality, tend to be detached from it. Quite intriguingly, these relationships hold irrespective of the country and research period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining personality traits can enhance the likelihood of a successful interaction between humans and robots in forthcoming work settings. Employing the emic/etic approach stands out as a crucial method for investigating personality types in the context of future environments. Currently, no study has explored the impact of this approach on individuals' willingness to engage with a robot. In the present study, our aim is to determine whether emic characteristics can influence the connection between etic traits and the willingness to use a robot. In the current study, 367 male workers participated. All data were collected using valid and reliable questionnaires. The Five-Factor model of personality was regarded as etic personality characteristics, while the moderating roles of technology affinity and STARA were assessed as emic personality characteristics. The analytical process followed the method presented by Hayes et al. for analyzing moderators. Technology affinity, as a primary emic factor, exerts a moderating influence on the association between neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and the willingness to use robots. Conversely, STARA serves as a mediator exclusively in the relationship with neuroticism among workers. Notably, extroversion does not exhibit mediation with any of the emic factors. Both emic and etic personality characteristics were recognized as significant facilitators of the inclination to use robots. In addition to technology affinity and STARA, it is advisable to explore new emic traits and their interactive effects with etic personality characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to compare the psychological resilience of children who receive Montessori education with those who do not receive Montessori education(the group attends a school where education is provided according to the Preschool Education Programme of the Ministry of National Education). The study used the Relational Scanning Model Comparison Types to compare the psychological resilience of children who received Montessori education with those who did not. The research involved 99 children aged 3–6 years who received regular preschool and Montessori education during the 2021–2022 academic year. It is reported that no developmental or neurological defects were observed in any of the participants. The study group comprised 50 children aged 3–6 years from a private kindergarten affiliated with National Education in Nilüfer district and 49 children aged 3–6 years from a private Montessori kindergarten in Nilüfer district. According to the study, children who received Montessori education demonstrated comparatively higher levels of psychological resilience than those who did not receive Montessori education. It has been observed that there exists a weak but meaningful correlation between the psychological resilience of children and their social relationships/social performance, particularly in those who have received Montessori education for an extended duration. As a result, it can be inferred that Montessori education positively impacts children's psychological resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we research the phenomenon of early school leaving through the biography of school leavers. The participants were 14 individuals (five females and nine males) who had left school early before completing secondary education. The interviewees' discourse highlighted the mediating factors and the reasons for leaving school. Also, early school leavers are a heterogeneous group of individuals, where the diversity of their family's cultural capital has shaped different inclusion conditions in the Greek educational system. According to the typology of Nairz-Wirth and Gitschthaler, we identified four types of early school leavers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on how journalists carry out their work. This study investigates how the pandemic has affected the psychological well-being of journalists in Finland and Norway. The prevalence of six types of psychological distress symptoms is measured, as well as the impact of three work-related risk factors on distress severity. The risk factors were range of potential virus exposure in line of work, negative experiences due to working remotely, and lack of workplace social support. Study results are based on three separate online surveys, two collected in Norway (June 2020, N = 2115; December 2020, N = 1799), and one in Finland (January–February 2021, N = 552). Between 74 and 77% of journalists had experienced some form of distress to at least some degree, and 28–47% had severe problems related to one or more distress subtype. Feeling isolated, anxious, or worn out were most frequent. Distress of all six subtypes was significantly more common among females. Two risk factors (negative experiences due to remote work; lack of social support) predicted more distress in all three datasets and one (virus exposure during work) in two samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although E-learning has been in use for over two decades, running parallel to traditional learning systems, it has gained increased attention due to its vital role in universities in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary challenge within E-learning pertains to the maintenance of sustainable effectiveness and the assurance of stakeholders' satisfaction. This research focuses on an intelligence-driven solution to recommend the most effective approach to education policymakers by considering the unique characteristics of all components within the educational system (course type, student and teacher characteristics, and technological features) to achieve a sustainable E-learning system. Design/methodology/approach: Through a systematic literature review and qualitative content analysis, a conceptual model of the critical components influencing E-learning quality and satisfaction has been developed. The proposed model comprises six main dimensions: usage, service quality, learning system quality, content quality, perceived usefulness, and individual characteristics. These dimensions are further divided into 15 components and 114 sub-components. A data mining process encompassing two scenarios has been designed to prioritize the components impacting E-learning success. Findings: In the first scenario, data mining techniques identified the most influential components based on the features outlined in the conceptual model. According to the results, the components affecting E-learning quality enhancement in the studied case are "usage purpose, system loyalty, technical and supportive system quality, and student characteristics." The second scenario examines the impact of individuals' personality types and learning styles on E-learning satisfaction across various aspects (Average System Satisfaction, Overall System Satisfaction, Efficiency and Effectiveness, Skill Enhancement, and Personal Enhancement). The findings reveal that, with an accuracy of over 70%, E-learning satisfaction for diplomat and guard learners is influenced by the alignment between "course learning style" and "student-suggested course learning style." Conversely, for analyzer and researcher types, satisfaction levels are impacted by the "learning style compatible with their personality type." Originality/value: Implementing a dynamic model founded on data mining enables educational institutions to personalize the E-learning experience for each individual as much as possible. The study's findings indicate that "achieving higher satisfaction levels in the E-learning process is not necessarily contingent upon providing a learning style congruent with learners' personality types." Rather, perceived and suggested learning styles exert a more profound influence. Consequently, providing prescriptive principles for higher education institutions seeking to enhance E-learning quality is inadvisable. Instead, adopting a dynamic, knowledge-based process that furnishes recommendations to policymakers for each course—tailored to the specific course type, teaching records, current processes and technology, and student type—is highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to show how the iatrogenicity of the training of therapists is the effect of a form of leadership whereby a teacher/therapist, having not adequately elaborated their archaic narcissistic needs, produces a split group imago. This, projected onto the group, yields the phenomenon of the scapegoat, a specific psychological game signaling the developmental block of the group. The concepts of psychological games, enactment, and setting violation are used to describe how transference phenomena, when not elaborated, are acted out. The author describes a particular type of psychological game, from the psychodynamic literature on the educational setting, that exemplifies a harmful type of leadership based on a misuse of power. A clinical case highlights how the assumption of the dual role of trainer/therapist may have iatrogenic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perinatal depression (PPD) presents a significant public health concern, often influenced by psychological and personality factors. This study investigated the impact of personality traits, particularly neuroticism, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms on the severity of PPD. The primary aim was to quantify the contributions of these factors to the risk and severity of PPD to enhance early intervention strategies. A total of 47 pregnant women with depressive symptoms per DSM-5 criteria at "Pius Brinzeu" County Emergency Hospital in Timisoara, Romania, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, as well as 49 women without depressive symptoms as controls. Personality traits were assessed using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and OCD symptoms were measured using the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI). Depression severity was evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). This set of questionnaires were administered antepartum and postpartum. The logistic regression analysis highlighted neuroticism as a significant predictor of PPD severity, with an increase in neuroticism associated with a higher risk of PPD (coefficient = 0.24, p < 0.001). Conversely, openness showed a protective effect (coefficient = −0.13, p = 0.009). Higher OCD symptomatology, particularly ordering and hoarding, were linked with increased depression scores. Specifically, the total OCI score significantly predicted the EPDS score (coefficient = 0.03, p = 0.003). Furthermore, significant increases in EPDS anxiety and depression scores were observed in the perinatal period, indicating worsening of symptoms (anxiety coefficient = 0.51; p < 0.001). The findings suggest that personality traits like neuroticism and OCD symptoms significantly contribute to the severity of PPD. Interventions targeting these specific traits could potentially mitigate the risk and severity of perinatal depression, underscoring the need for personalized treatment plans that consider these psychological dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nosology for criminals who murder multiple victims is at once well‐established and controversial, perhaps because theorists have largely segregated such offenders from the broader criminal population. The current study introduces the superhomicide offender, an individual convicted of at least five murders, to locate multiple homicide offenders within the criminological and epidemiological science pertaining to the most pathological offenders, and statistically place them with other conceptualizations of severe offenders at the 95th percentile of the offending distribution. Relative to other capital murderers, superhomicide offenders have lengthier criminal history, greater conviction history, and coextensive psychopathology characterized by psychopathy, sexual sadism, homicidal ideation, cluster A and B personality disorders, and major depressive disorder. Superhomicide offenders are profoundly psychopathic with 20 of the 39 offenders reaching the clinical threshold of 30 or more on the PCL‐R, and 19 of the 39 are sexually sadistic. Regarding extant typologies of sexual and multiple homicide offenders, 15 are serial murderers, 17 are sexual homicide offenders, 17 are mass murderers, and 17 are spree murderers. Twenty‐four of the 39 superhomicide offenders (61.5%) met criteria for multiple typologies, suggesting the new prototype can help unify the study of those who perpetrate multicide and embed them within criminological and epidemiological models that specify pathological antisocial outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting around 2% of children and young adults worldwide, characterized by deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Genetic factors contribute to the development of ID phenotypes, including mutations and structural changes in chromosomes. Pathogenic variants in the HCFC1 gene cause X-linked mental retardation syndrome, also known as Siderius type X-linked mental retardation. The MN1 gene is necessary for palate development, and mutations in this gene result in a genetic condition called CEBALID syndrome. Methods: Exome sequencing was used to identify the disease-causing variants in two affected families, A and B, from various regions of Pakistan. Affected individuals in these two families presented ID, developmental delay, and behavioral abnormalities. The validation and co-segregation analysis of the filtered variant was carried out using Sanger sequencing. Results: In an X-linked family A, a novel hemizygous missense variant (c.5705G > A; p.Ser1902Asn) in the HCFC1 gene (NM_005334.3) was identified, while in family B exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous nonsense variant (c.3680 G > A; p. Trp1227Ter) in exon-1 of the MN1 gene (NM_032581.4). Sanger sequencing confirmed the segregation of these variants with ID in each family. Conclusions: The investigation of two Pakistani families revealed pathogenic genetic variants in the HCFC1 and MN1 genes, which cause ID and expand the mutational spectrum of these genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restocking initiatives have the potential to help conserve populations of threatened species, and there is a growing interest in applying this approach to marine fish. Sciaena umbra and Dentex dentex are two coastal fish species that inhabit the Mediterranean Sea and are categorized as 'Vulnerable' according to the IUCN Red List. This study investigated the performance of S. umbra and D. dentex hatchery-reared juveniles feeding on live prey. We evaluated whether 6 days of training and body size had an impact on feeding performance and behaviour. In both species, we found that training had a positive effect on fish feeding performance by (1) significantly increasing mean number of prey eaten, (2) decreasing the latencies before first attack and first ingestion and (3) increasing attack efficiency. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number of S. umbra individuals that ingested at least one prey item over the 6 training days. The percentage of fish that ingested at least one prey item did not, however, increase significantly for D. dentex individuals over this period; instead juveniles either (1) attempted to eat novel prey, succeeded and displayed an improvement of their feeding efficiency through training, or (2) did not forage or eat over the 6 training days. The high number of individuals exhibiting the second response could be linked to several factors, including fear, personality or the type of prey used in this study. In S. umbra , individuals from the [50–60[ mm total length size class outperformed other size classes. Our findings highlight differences in feeding behaviour between the two species and the positive impacts of training on feeding performance. Our results should be taken into account when developing release protocols for potential restocking programmes. • Training had a positive effect on feeding performance of both species. • Nearly all Sciaena umbra juveniles ate at least one prey after 6 days of training. • A majority of Dentex dentex juveniles did not eat prey during all tests. • S. umbra from the [50–60[ mm size class exhibited better feeding performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural landscapes are acknowledged for their potential to restore human health due to natural characteristics. However, modern rural development has degraded these environments, thereby diminishing the restorative potential of rural landscapes. Few studies have systematically analyzed the impact of naturalness, landscape types, and landscape elements on restorativeness using both subjective and objective measurements. This study investigated the restorative effects of various rural landscapes in Guangzhou, employing electroencephalography and eye-tracking technologies to record physiological responses and using the Restorative Components Scale and the Perceived Restorativeness and Naturalness Scale to evaluate psychological responses. The results indicated the following: (1) There was a significant positive correlation between perceived naturalness and restorativeness, surpassing the impact of actual naturalness. (2) Different landscape types had varying impacts on restorativeness at the same level of perceived naturalness. Natural forest landscapes, artificial forest landscapes, and settlement landscapes exhibited the most substantial restorative effects among the natural, semi-natural, and artificial landscapes examined, respectively. (3) Restorative properties varied across landscape elements: trees and water significantly enhanced restorativeness, whereas constructed elements reduced it. Findings from this study can provide support for policymakers to make informed decisions regarding the selection and arrangement of rural landscape types and elements to enhance mental health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Type D personality is characterised by the presence of social inhibition (SI) and negative affectivity (NA). Individuals high in social inhibition (SI) often experience feelings of discomfort, anxiety, stress, and lack of confidence. In con trast, individuals high in negative affectivity (NA) tend to experience unpleasant feelings. The aim of the present study was to determine the relations hip between type D personality traits and social anxiety in individuals with alcohol and drug use disord ers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted with 140 individuals who were admitted to the XXX Health Sciences University Training and Research Hospital at the unit of Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment and Research Center between Jul y and September in 2023. The Type D personality (DS-14) and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) were applied to participants. A linear regression model is used to test the predictive effect of D Type Personality on social anxiety. Results: It was seen that there was a positive and significant relationship between social anxiety and social inhibition among participants. Similarly, a positive and significant relationship was seen between social anxiety and NA. The linear regression model was re vealed that SI was seen significant predictors in social anxiety, but NA was not seen as a predictor in this relation. Conclusion: In conclusion, the relationship between Type D personality features and social anxiety among individuals with substance use disorders is a complex and multifaceted issue influenced by various psychological, emotional, and personality factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately predicting homeowners' aesthetic preferences is crucial in interior design. This study develops a fine-tuning model (LORA) for interior design styles corresponding to different MBTI personality types, leveraging the Stable Diffusion Web UI platform and integrating it into a generative artificial intelligence framework. Subsequently, personalized aesthetic preference architectural interior renderings are recommended based on homeowners' personality traits, aiming to achieve an adaptive interior design approach. To achieve more precise adaptive solutions, this research surveys the style and color tendencies of respondents with different MBTI personality types and adds style description prompts to assist in image generation. The study finds that this method can better predict the interior design styles favored by certain MBTI personality types. This research contributes to addressing aesthetic biases between designers and homeowners, bringing innovative ideas and methods to interior design, and is expected to enhance homeowners' satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to the growing body of research on administrative burdens by providing a theoretically and empirically driven typology of governments' burden reduction strategies. Despite the mounting interest in burden reduction, the literature still lacks a typology for systematically identifying and classifying such strategies. The article identifies three analytical dimensions of burden reduction: distributive (who bears the burden), intensiveness (what the level of burden is), and relational (how burden is experienced in bureaucratic encounters). Based on these dimensions, and drawing on a systematic analysis of the case of social security in Israel, we identify, define, and characterize seven distinct strategies of burden reduction: shifting, sharing, discarding, simplifying, expediting, communicating, and respecting. The article concludes with a discussion of these strategies, their applicability, practical implications, and directions for the research agenda on burden reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate differentiation between angina with no obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is crucial for tailored treatment strategies, yet public data scarcity hampers understanding. Given the higher incidence of both conditions in women, this study prospectively enrolled 80 female ANOCA and 39 age-matched female controls, subjecting them to three types of mental stress tasks. ECGs were continuously monitored across Rest, Stress, and Recover stages of the mental stress tasks, with PET/CT imaging during the Stress stage to evaluate myocardial perfusion. With PET/CT serving as the gold standard for MSIMI diagnosis, 35 of the 80 ANOCA patients were diagnosed as MSIMI. Using ECG variables from different stages of mental stress tasks, we developed five machine learning models to diagnose MSIMI. The results showed that ECG data from different stages provide valuable information for MSIMI classification. Additionally, the dataset encompassed demographic details, physiological, and blood sample test results of the patients. We anticipate this new dataset will significantly push further progress in ANOCA and MSIMI research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the impact of care-recipient relationship type on mental health burden of caregivers for schizophrenia patients in China, elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using face-to-face surveys administered to caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in selected communities in Beijing, China. 1,853 samples' data was used. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression models and Sheaf coefficient method were employed to analyze the data. Results: The mental health burden experienced by caregivers of schizophrenia patients has reached a high level, with 66.9% reporting a moderate or severe impact from their caregiving responsibilities. Parents and spouses were the primary providers of care for schizophrenia patients in China. Parent caregivers experienced greater suffering in their caregiving role compared to spouse caregivers, whereas the difference between child caregivers and spouse caregivers was not significant. The factors influencing caregiver's mental health burden vary according to the type of relationship with the care-recipient. For parent caregivers, the mental health burden primarily stems from personal conditions of schizophrenia patients, while for spouse or child caregivers, it mainly arises from family economic conditions. Conclusion: This study reveals that caregivers having different types of carerecipient relationship with schizophrenia patients experience significantly different mental health burdens in Beijing, China, and major influencing factors are distinct according to different care-recipient relationship types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy is a period of significant physical and psychological changes. Pregnant women often struggle with poor sleep quality which can increase the risk of developing depression and anxiety. Additional factors can affect sleep quality and vice versa. We focused on an understudied topic: pregnant women's expectations about how their infant will sleep. This study aims to describe the potential correlates and predictors of women's sleep quality and their expectations about child sleep in a broader context. In total, 250 women participated in the research. Participants completed questionnaires PSQI, MEQ, DASS-21 and BISQ-R. To verify the set aims, we used Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test and general linear model (GLM), including methods for determining the effect size (Hedges' g, r2, ε2). The results showed that sleep quality is related to circadian preference, depression, anxiety and stress. Women with poor sleep quality were more evening type and scored higher on these variables. Anxiety, circadian preference and the week of pregnancy were the most significant predictors of sleep quality. Women with at least one child and women who did not prepare for childbirth and motherhood and had not encountered information about a child's sleep scored higher in BISQ-R. A hypothesis can be put forward that sufficient information before childbirth and earlier maternal experiences can affect expectations about a child's sleep. This hypothesis would need to be verified in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies on classic psychedelics have suggested that their use is associated with psychological strengths and resilience, thereby conferring users a type of psychological protection relative to non-users. However, this idea has been brought into question by recent findings suggesting that lifetime users of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) report worse mental health during stressful experiences. The current study addresses these mixed findings by examining whether LSD use prior to a stressful experience buffers against the psychological distress experienced in the wake of the stressful experience. This study draws on openly-available data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2008–2019) on 5,067,553 (weighted) unemployed, job seeking individuals experiencing job loss. Using purposeful respondent exclusion criteria to establish temporal precedence of the variables under investigation, this study offers a straightforward test of whether LSD use confers psychological resilience to naturalistic users. LSD use prior to job loss was associated with a higher likelihood of severe psychological distress following job loss, regardless of whether sociodemographic variables were controlled for or not. In sum, this study fails to find evidence for LSD-conferred psychological resilience in naturalistic users in the wake of a stressful experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Observational data indicates a connection between emotional discomfort, such as anxiety and depression, and uterine fibroids (UFs). However, additional investigation is required to establish the causal relationship between them. Hence, we assessed the reciprocal causality between four psychological disorders and UFs utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: To evaluate the causal relationship between four types of psychological distress (depressive symptoms, severe depression, anxiety or panic attacks, mood swings) and UFs, bidirectional two-sample MR was employed, utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these conditions. Both univariate MR (UVMR) and multivariate MR (MVMR) primarily applied inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the method for estimating potential causal effects. Complementary approaches such as MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were utilized to validate the findings. To assess the robustness of our MR results, we conducted sensitivity analyses using Cochran's Q-test and the MR Egger intercept test. Results: The results of our UVMR analysis suggest that genetic predispositions to depressive symptoms (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.563, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.209–2.021, P = 0.001) and major depressive disorder (MDD) (OR = 1.176, 95% CI = 1.044–1.324, P = 0.007) are associated with an increased risk of UFs. Moreover, the IVW model showed a nominally significant positive correlation between mood swings (OR: 1.578; 95% CI: 1.062–2.345; P = 0.024) and UFs risk. However, our analysis did not establish a causal relationship between UFs and the four types of psychological distress. Even after adjusting for confounders like body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, and number of live births in the MVMR, the causal link between MDD and UFs remained significant (OR = 1.217, 95% CI = 1.039–1.425, P = 0.015). Conclusions: Our study presents evidence supporting the causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to MDD and the incidence of UFs. These findings highlight the significance of addressing psychological health issues, particularly depression, in both the prevention and treatment of UFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many putative risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the causal relationship between these factors and diabetes has been established. Socio-environmental and biological approaches are increasingly used to infer causality, and research is needed to understand the causal role of these factors in diabetes risk. Therefore, this study investigated the extent to which the treatment factor of stress induces the risk of diabetes through socio-environmental and biological factors. We present machine learning-based causal inference results generated using DoWhy, a Python library that provides a four-step causal inference method consisting of modeling, identification, estimation, and refutation steps. This study used 253,680 examples collected by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), created a causal model based on a socio-environmental model, and tested the statistical significance of the obtained estimates. We identified several causal relationships and attempted various refutations. The results show that mental health problems increase the incidence of diabetes by about 15% (mean value: 0.146). The causal effect was evaluated based on the causal model, and the reliability of causal inference was proved through three refutation tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPhubbing is a common sight, but it is not merely a technological faux pas. The present study aims to explore phubbing (phubbing others and getting phubbed) through the lens of two types of personalities (grandiose and vulnerable narcissism). Moreover, the study also aimed to evaluate the indirect role of motivational systems (BAS/BIS) between these two sets of variables. The sample of the study comprised 525 Indian college students. Data were analyzed through Hayes Process Macro (Hayes) in SPSS (Version 26). Vulnerable narcissism was found to be positively related to phubbing others and getting phubbed. Grandiose narcissism was found to be related to phubbing others but not to getting phubbed. BAS and BIS were significantly and positively related to phubbing and getting phubbed. BAS indirectly affected the relationship between two kinds of narcissism (vulnerable and grandiose) and phubbing (phubbing others and getting phubbed); however, BIS failed to influence the relationship between narcissism and phubbing. The results of the present study challenge the notion that all phubbing behaviors are truly deviant as narcissistic personality played an important role in phubbing behavior. The study also highlighted the importance of rewards and punishment on phubbing behaviors, and therefore there is a need to focus on BAS and BIS while dealing with phubbing behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There are a few studies on the relationship between personality and temperament types and functionality and pain felt in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to determine the relationship between personality and temperament characteristics and pain and function in patients with knee OA. Methods: The study included 126 patients diagnosed with knee OA who met the inclusion criteria. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Short Form (EPQR-S) and Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) were used for personality assessment, Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) was employed for temperament assessment, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was used for OA pain and general function assessment. Results: Of the participants, 58 (46%) showed Type D personality traits, while depressive temperament was dominant in 18 (14.3%) participants, irritable temperament in 12 (9.5%), and anxious temperament in 16 (17.3%) participants. Those with Type D personality had worse functions, and Type D personality was positively associated with pain and total WOMAC score. Total WOMAC score showed a positive correlation with neuroticism and psychoticism personality traits and cyclothymic and nervous temperament traits. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that pain and total WOMAC score are associated with personality and temperament characteristics in patients with knee OA. In addition to pharmacological and physical therapy, interventions in these areas may be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most research investigating the effect of suicide on loss survivors has been limited to first‐degree family members. Few studies examine the impact of suicide on others outside the immediate family and the influence of relationship type and closeness on mental health. Methods: This study used data from a sample obtained through random digit dialing (n = 805) to assess exposure to suicide loss, relationship types, perceived closeness, and mental health symptoms (prolonged grief, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder). Results: Familial status, friend status, and higher perceived closeness were associated with prolonged grief, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder, with the strongest adjusted associations observed for posttraumatic stress disorder and prolonged grief. In general, the magnitude of adjusted standardized associations for closeness and mental health symptoms was stronger than those observed for familial status and mental health symptoms and friend status and mental health symptoms. Conclusion: Closeness, familial status, and friend status are associated with mental health symptoms experienced after suicide loss, but the magnitude of associations was strongest for closeness. Future studies should examine perceived closeness in addition to other factors related to relationship type and dynamics to assess the complexities of suicide bereavement reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological reactance is a key construct in persuasion, but experimental inductions often confound imperative language with epistemically certain language (i.e., language that belies grounds for doubt). Two online experiments examine the effects of each language type on indicators of psychological reactance across two scientific contexts. In Study 1 (N = 274), imperative language increased felt anger and perceived threat to freedom, while epistemically certain language did not. In Study 2 (N = 402), epistemically un certain language attenuated felt anger and perceived threat to freedom. Findings offer theoretical and practical insight into the effects of each language type on resistance to persuasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research explores the intricate dynamics between Type D personality, cognitive appraisal, and mental stress, seeking to unravel the mediating role of cognitive appraisal in the association between Type D personality and mental stress. Methods: A structural equation modeling was conducted, emphasizing the influence of personality traits on mental stress and the potential mitigating impact of cognitive appraisal skills. Data was collected via Type D personality scale, Cognitive reappraisal scale and Mental stress inventory. Results: The study confirmed the positive influence of Type D personality on mental stress while revealing that cognitive appraisal operates as a significant mediator, exerting a moderating effect on the relationship between Type D personality and mental stress. The findings underscore the nuanced interplay between individual personality traits and the cognitive interpretation of stressors, shedding light on how cognitive appraisal could potentially serve as a buffer against the adverse impact of Type D personality on mental stress. Conclusions: These results provide a framework for further research into effective interventions aimed at enhancing cognitive appraisal skills to alleviate mental stress, particularly in individuals with Type D personalities, fostering the development of targeted mental health strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has triggered fundamental shifts in how people live, work and consume. The crisis stimulated varied responses that reflect consumer adaptations to COVID. These varied adaptations reveal consumer types based on their reactions. Are these reactions reflecting certain personality traces? With this premise, the paper investigates the potential influence of Big-Five Personalities on the consumer types that emerged out of COVID-19-induced circumstances across the globe. The sample size for this study was one hundred and thirty-four respondents. These personality traits and consumer types were identified and then compared. The consumer preferences and their purchase baskets were then analysed. This study identified four clusters of consumers referred to as consumer types, which were: worrier, individualist, activist and rationalist. No strong associations emerged between personality traits and consumer types, except agreeableness emerging as a common trait across consumer types. There was a similarity in consumer preferences and purchase baskets for all clusters and personality types. The behavioural homogeneity of consumers during this phase of COVID across the globe reassures earlier studies that certain environmental and social situations may moderate or reduce individual differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Humanitarian crises and disasters affect millions of people worldwide. Humanitarian aid workers are civilians or professionals who respond to disasters and provide humanitarian assistance. In doing so, they face several stressors and traumatic exposures. Humanitarian aid workers also face unique challenges associated with working in unfamiliar settings. Objective: To determine the occurrence of and factors associated with mental ill-health among humanitarian aid workers. Search strategy: CINAHL plus, Cochrane library, Global Health, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science were searched from 2005–2020. Grey literature was searched on Google Scholar. Selection criteria: PRISMA guidelines were followed and after double screening, studies reporting occurrence of mental ill-health were included. Individual narratives and case studies were excluded, as were studies that reported outcomes in non-humanitarian aid workers. Data analysis: Data on occurrence of mental ill-health and associated factors were independently extracted and combined in a narrative summary. A random effects logistic regression model was used for the meta-analysis. Main results: Nine studies were included with a total of 3619 participants, reporting on five types of mental ill-health (% occurrence) including psychological distress (6.5%-52.8%); burnout (8.5%-32%); anxiety (3.8%-38.5%); depression (10.4%-39.0%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (0% to 25%). Hazardous drinking of alcohol ranged from 16.2%-50.0%. Meta-analysis reporting OR (95% CI) among humanitarian aid workers, for psychological distress was 0.45 (0.12–1.64); burnout 0.34 (0.27–0.44); anxiety 0.22 (0.10–0.51); depression 0.32 (0.18–0.57) and PTSD 0.11 (0.03–0.39). Associated factors included young age, being female and pre-existing mental ill-health. Conclusions: Mental ill-health is common among humanitarian aid workers, has a negative impact on personal well-being, and on a larger scale reduces the efficacy of humanitarian organisations with delivery of aid and retention of staff. It is imperative that mental ill-health is screened for, detected and treated in humanitarian aid workers, before, during and after their placements. It is essential to implement psychologically protective measures for individuals working in stressful and traumatic crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Do nonhuman primates, such as Tibetan macaques, exhibit personalities that influence their collective movements? In this study, we not only confirmed the presence of three personality types in Tibetan macaques but also found that individuals with higher sociability scores, higher rank, or lower anxiousness scores were more likely to initiate successful collective movement. We found that macaques with lower anxiousness scores or higher rank attracted more followers, and that higher-rank individuals tended to join movements earlier. Moreover, individuals with higher sociability and boldness scores exhibited shorter joining latency in group movements. These findings provide valuable insights into how personality influences collective movement in nonhuman primates. Collective movement has emerged as a key area of interest in animal behavior. While individual differences are often viewed as a potential threat to group cohesion, growing evidence suggests that these differences can actually influence an animal's behavior as an initiator or follower during collective movements, thereby driving the group's movement and decision-making processes. To resolve the divergence, we asked how personality can affect the dynamics of collective movements in one group of free-ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) in Huangshan, China. We assessed individual personality using principal component analysis and applied the generalized linear mixed model and linear mixed model to examine the influence of personality on decision making during collective movements. Our findings reveled three distinct personality types among Tibetan macaques: sociability, boldness, and anxiousness. Individuals with higher sociability scores and rank, or those with lower anxiousness scores, were more likely to initiate successful collective movements. Older individuals were less successful in initiating movements compared to young adults. Leaders with lower anxiousness scores or higher rank attracted more followers, with females attracting larger groups than males. As for followers, individuals with higher rank tended to join the collective movement earlier. Additionally, individuals with higher sociability or boldness scores had shorter joining latency in collective movement. Finally, there was a longer joining latency for middle-aged adults compared to young adults. These results suggest that individual differences are a potential driver of collective movements. We provide some insights into the relationships between personality and decision making in Tibetan macaques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Academic and emotional challenges faced by medical students can affect their psychological well-being and health. Personal characteristics may also predispose one to the manifestation of distress reactions. Individuals with type D personality have an increased tendency to develop depressive reactions and somatic diseases, including the presence of cognitive dysfunction. In students, the presence of cognitive dysfunction may additionally adversely affect academic and psycho-emotional problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of type D personality and coping strategies on cognitive functioning in medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 258 medical students (age 19 ± 1.2 years, 79 men). All participants completed psychological questionnaires (DS-14 to identify type D personality, and The Coping Strategy Indication, CSI—to determine coping strategies), as well as extensive neuropsychological testing of cognitive functions. Results: Among the medical students examined, the frequency of identification of type D personality was 44%. In persons with personality type D, according to psychometric testing, a decrease in the level of functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNP) was noted, which was manifested in an increase in the test completion time (p < 0.001) and an increase in the number of errors (p < 0.001) during the FMNP test, and an increase in the test completion time in the attention concentration test. In addition, in type D participants, an increase in the test execution time during the attention test was noted (p = 0.007). Personality type D was an independent risk factor for cognitive decline in students in multiple linear regression analysis, when type D was analyzed as a dichotomous construct. Conclusions: Assessing personal characteristics and identifying personality type D is advisable for medical students, to develop subsequent programs to increase their resistance to academic challenges, improve cognitive function, and also to prepare for future stress loads during professional activities in the field of healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During major health emergencies (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) people often fear missing relevant information. COVID-19 information fear of missing out (FOMO) is a phenomenon where people feel anxiety about losing control of COVID-19-related information. The present study aimed to examine how COVID-19 information FOMO relates to mental health (e.g., depression and anxiety), the mediating role of resilience, and the moderating role of personality types during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed 1442 Chinese undergraduates (Mage = 21.68 ± 2.35 years) on the relevant variables. The results showed that COVID-19 information FOMO was positively associated with depression and anxiety, and resilience mediated these associations. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified three personality types (undercontrolled, adaptive, and overcontrolled). Personality types moderated the mediation models, in which the indirect effects were only significant in the participants classified in the undercontrolled group rather than the participants classified in the other two groups. This study told us that undergraduates' mental health, particularly that of the undercontrollers, should be paid attention to when responding to a major public health emergency (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Litigious paranoia is a mental disorder that includes morbid litigants who are in overwhelming pursuit of justice for a perceived legal wrong. There is substantial socio-occupational dysfunction in these individuals over years. This pathological fixation can result in marked aggression. However, no separate nosological status has been given to this type of mental disorder. Moreover, the close interface between law and psychiatry also limits the actual understanding of the psychopathology of litigants. This consequentially limits the scope of early intervention and increases the risk of harm to one's own self and to others. The forensic psychiatrist therefore works toward identification of fixation, which can be due to underlying obsession, delusion, or overvalued belief. We present a historical overview of litigant paranoia with a case report. The report highlights the need for in-depth evaluation of mental state of morbid litigants by mental health professionals in order to ascertain the underlying psychopathology and initiate early treatment intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Psychological stress impairs cognitive performance and affects mood states. This study compares the effect of four types of psychological stress (crowding, relocation, isolation, and restraint) on locomotor activity, learning, and memory, as well as anxiety-like behaviors performed by the open field, elevated plus maze, and passive avoidance tests. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly assigned to different groups of crowding, relocation, isolation, and restraint stress, and control. The stress induction was administered for 21 consecutive days (6 h/day). To evaluate various types of behaviors, the open field, elevated plus maze, and passive avoidance tests were employed. Results: According to the PA test results, the latency to enter the darkroom decreased significantly in all stress groups, especially in the crowding and isolation stress groups. However, it had an inverse relationship with serum corticosterone (CORT) levels. The total dark stay time increased significantly in the restraint and crowding stress groups, and also particularly, in the isolation stress group. In the isolation stress group, the number of darkroom entries decreased significantly. All stress groups spent a significantly shorter time in the open arms of the EPM apparatus. Finally, the total distance traveled, in the open field test was significantly lower in all stress groups, particularly in the isolation stress group. Conclusion: Crowding and social isolation were the two stress types that had the most adverse effect on cognitive performance, as they induced stress-driven anxiety-like behaviors, probably due to increased CORT secretion. A high or low population of social density may create a condition, in which the nervous system could not efficiently manage stress, particularly at chronic levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]