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Argument visual states are helpful for detecting structured components of events in videos, and existing methods tend to use object detectors to generate their candidates. However, directly leveraging object features captured by bounding boxes overlooks a deep understanding of object relations and differences between them and real arguments. In this work, we propose a novel framework to generate selective contextual representations of videos, thereby reducing the interference of useless or incorrect object features. Firstly, we construct grid-based object features as graphs based on the internal grid connection and then use graph convolutional network to execute feature aggregation. Secondly, a weighted geometric attention module is designed to obtain the contextual representation of objects, which explicitly combines visual similarity and geometric correlation with different importance proportions. Then, we propose a dual relation-aware selection module for further feature selection. Finally, we utilize labels as the ladder to bridge the gap between object features and semantic roles, while considering the proximity in the semantic space. Experimental results and extensive ablation studies on the VidSitu indicate that our method effectively obtains a deep understanding of events in videos and outperforms state-of-the-art models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the concept of nearness between L-fuzzy rough sets and the concepts of L-fuzzy rough grills and L-fuzzy rough δℱ-clusters on a Čech L-fuzzy rough proximity space (X,δℱ). Also, we investigate the relationship among L-fuzzy rough grills, L-fuzzy rough δℱ-clan and L-fuzzy rough δℱ-clusters. Moreover, we introduce the L-fuzzy rough LO-proximity spaces and study some of its basic properties. An adequate number of examples support the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Henry James's late works operate within a vibrant social economy, as "the working and the worked were in London, as one might explain, the parties to every relation" (WD 201). I contend that James's social economy hinges on affective labor, a range of both paid and unpaid exchanges that involve emotional management and situate his characters in relationships of proximity, intimacy, and knowledge. By juxtaposing spaces of waged and unwaged affective labor in The Wings of the Dove and In the Cage , James reveals how it simultaneously facilitates the operation of a capitalist system and enacts a form of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on equivalence relation R on X, equivalence class [ x ] of a point and equivalence class [ A ] of a subset represent the neighborhoods of x and A, respectively. These neighborhoods play the main role in defining separation axioms, metric spaces, proximity relations and uniformity structures on an approximation space (X , R) depending on the lower approximation and the upper approximation of rough sets. The properties and the possible implications of these definitions are studied. The generated approximation topology τ R on X is equivalent to the generated topologies associated with metric d, proximity δ and uniformity U on X. Separated metric spaces, separated proximity spaces and separated uniform spaces are defined and it is proven that both are associating exactly discrete topology τ R on X. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental justice (EJ) scholarship has long done work in and on Black communities. Yet, the field's engagement with critical race studies has been rather recent and limited. This paper questions what we learn about Black living from EJ scholarship. I argue that there are two main registers of Black living in EJ scholarship: dying and activism. I draw on Black feminist geographies to think and imagine EJ work that incorporates nuance to the modalities of Black life and futurity in the face of state-sanctioned environmental injustice. The goal of this is not to deter EJ scholars from exposing instantiations of environmental injustice in the world, nor to undermine the deadly realities of EJ communities. Rather, this paper pushes EJ scholars to be wary of essentializing Black communities to death and decay and urges these scholars to behold Black life and futurity experienced in close proximity to death in these spaces. I provide examples of Black living and making way for Black futurity that occurs beyond the registers of dying and activism in EJ communities, such as care, Black intellectual life, and refusal, registers made apparent through a Black geographies lens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most effective mathematical concepts for developing a clear picture of topological cluster proximity spaces is the follower points and the takeoff points. These are utilized in current study to construct three sets called the cluster outer set, the cluster disputed set and the cluster brim set denoted by P0σ,Dδ (P),Bσ (P), respectively. These three sets have divided the space into three separate pairs. On the other hand, the most important results, properties, and relationships between the sets were highlighted and studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study some categorical structures of the category CoarsePro, whose objects are coarse proximity spaces and whose morphisms are coarse proximity maps. We investigate the structure of initial, final, embedding and quotient morphisms in the construct CoarsePro. A special attention is paid to investigate quotients by introducing some conditions that they exist. Also, it is shown that bimorphisms are exactly bijective coarse proximity maps, but not isomorphisms. Consequently, CoarsePro is not balanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The underlying aim of this paper is first to state the cyclic version of J -integral Banach type contractive mappings introduced by Fallahi, Ghahramani and Soleimani Rad [Integral type contractions in partially ordered metric spaces and best proximity point, Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Sci. 44 (2020), 177-183] and second to show the existence of best proximity points for such contractive mappings in a metric space with a graph, which can entail a large number of former best proximity point results. One fundamental issue that can be distinguished between this work and previous researches is that it can also involve all of results stated by taking comparable and ϑ-close elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the cluster concept was adopted to find points parallel to the cumulative points of any subset in topology cluster proximity spaces. The takeoff set term was given by the researcher to the set of all points. Also, an opposite definition was found for it, which is the follower set. The relation between them was found and their most important properties were highlighted. Through these two sets, new sets were built that are called, fσ − set, ftσ − set,tfσ − set, bushy set, scant set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spherical fuzzy sets are an advanced tool of three-dimensional membership functions which consist of membership, non-membership and hesitancy degrees. In this paper, it is introduced a new approach via proximal spaces for spherical fuzzy sets. To do this, the spherical fuzzy proximity axioms are defined on proximal relator spaces. Also, spherical fuzzy spatial Lodato proximity relation is studied. By using spherical fuzzy proximity relation, it is defined that descriptive proximity relation. An example is given how people are proximal(near) to each other via their description features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While prior research has shown that characteristics of the supercell environment can indicate the likelihood of tornadogenesis, it is common for tornadic and nontornadic supercells to coexist in seemingly similar environments. Thus, some small-scale factors must support tornadogenesis in some supercells and not in others. In this study we examined polarimetric radar signatures of proximate pretornadic and nontornadic supercells in seemingly similar environments to determine if these radar signatures can indicate which proximate supercells are pretornadic and which are nontornadic. We gathered a collection of proximity supercell groups and developed a method to quantify environmental similarity between storms. Using this method, we selected pretornadic–nontornadic supercell pairs in close proximity in space and time having the most similar environments. These pairs were run through an automated tracking algorithm that quantifies polarimetric signatures in each supercell. Supercells with larger differential reflectivity (ZDR) column areas were more likely to become tornadic within the next 30 min compared to neighboring supercells with smaller ZDR column areas. In about two-thirds of pairs, the pretornadic supercell had a larger ZDR column area than the nontornadic supercell prior to its maximum low-level rotation, which is consistent with much prior work. The ZDR arcs could not discriminate between pretornadic and nontornadic supercells, and hailfall area was larger in pretornadic supercells. The separation distance between the specific differential phase (KDP) foot and the ZDR arc was larger in pretornadic supercells, yet was a limited result due to the small sample size used for comparison. Significance Statement: Atmospheric conditions often indicate whether certain thunderstorms will produce tornadoes. However, sometimes multiple thunderstorms exist in a similar environment, and some produce tornadoes while others do not. Weather radar can identify signatures within thunderstorms that may give some indication of vertical motion, size sorting, and precipitation distributions. When multiple thunderstorms exist in a similar environment, there may be differences in these radar signatures that may indicate which thunderstorms are most likely to become tornadic. The key finding from this study is that pretornadic storms have larger radar-inferred updraft areas than neighboring nontornadic storms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding children's mobility behaviour and parents escorting practices are important to developing a children-friendly society. But only a few studies concerning children's mobility behaviour have focused on developing countries. In this study, we attempted to develop an econometric model to understand escorting practices in a developing country. A multinomial logit (MNL) model is developed using travel diary data of 398 elementary school-going children, inhabiting in Chattogram City Corporation (CCC) area of Bangladesh. We have considered different combinations of environmental (both school and neighbourhood environment), socio-cultural, household, and personal factors to explain children's independent mobility behaviour for both school and discretionary trip purposes. The findings suggested that children's individual (e.g. education level) and parents' sociodemographic (e.g. income, access to cars, mother's education level) facilities available at school, and built-environmental factors (e.g. commercial density, road density, land use mix and proximity to open spaces) are significantly associated with parent's choice for chauffeuring their children in CCC area. Results will be useful to planners and policy makers for formulating effective measures to promote children's independent mobility and will be a guideline for urban planners to include children's mobility demand for the neighbourhood as well as city design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective : Our objective is to analyze the occurrence, clinical course and risk factors for glioma patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) according to different metastasis patterns and clinical variables. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed data from 376 World Health Organization (WHO) grade II–IV adult glioma patients who were treated in the National Cancer Center from 2001 to 2020. Patients who underwent surgery at other institutions, those without initial images or those with pathologically unconfirmed cases were excluded. LM was diagnosed based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology. The metastasis pattern was categorized as nodular or linear according to the enhancement pattern. Tumor proximity to the CSF space was classified as involved or separated, whereas location of the tumor was dichotomized as midline, for tumors residing in the thalamus, basal ganglia and brainstem, or lateral, for tumors residing in the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. Results : A total of 138 patients were enrolled in the study. A total of 44 patients (38%) were diagnosed with LM during a median follow-up of 9 months (range, 0–60). Among the clinical variables, tumor proximity to CSF space, the location of the tumor and the WHO grade were significant factors for LM development in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, the midline location of the tumor and WHO grade IV gliomas were the most significant factor for LM development. The hazard ratio was 2.624 for midline located gliomas (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.384–4.974; p=0.003) and 3.008 for WHO grade IV gliomas (95% CI, 1.379–6.561; p=0.006). Conclusion : Midline location and histological grading are an important factor for LM in glioma patients. The proximity to the CSF circulation pathway is also an important factor for WHO grade IV glioma LM. Patients carrying high risks should be followed up more thoroughly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver ultrasound (US) plays a critical role in diagnosing liver diseases. However, it is often difficult for examiners to accurately identify the liver segments captured in US images due to patient variability and the complexity of US images. Our study aim is automatic, real-time recognition of standardized US scans coordinated with reference liver segments to guide examiners. We propose a novel deep hierarchical architecture for classifying liver US images into 11 standardized US scans, which has yet to be properly established due to excessive variability and complexity. We address this problem based on a hierarchical classification of 11 US scans with different features applied to individual hierarchies as well as a novel feature space proximity analysis for handling ambiguous US images. Experiments were performed using US image datasets obtained from a hospital setting. To evaluate the performance under patient variability, we separated the training and testing datasets into distinct patient groups. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieved an F1-score of more than 93%, which is more than sufficient for a tool to guide examiners. The superior performance of the proposed hierarchical architecture was demonstrated by comparing its performance with that of non-hierarchical architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital topologists are concerned with the properties of two- or three-dimensional digital images that correspond to topological properties of objects, such as connectedness and boundaries. Via bounded descriptive neighborhoods, one of the important concepts of digital topology, which has various applications in the literature, we present a study of how to recognize changes in a residential district, such as buildings constructed or demolished over time under some assumptions. Roughly speaking, our way of doing this is to calculate the corresponding pixel topologies of the subimages of the two maps divided into equal number of rectangular regions and to find the union of the symmetric differences between the elements of these topologies according to a certain threshold value. In this study, we use grayscale bird's-eye views of the same residential district taken at two different times. As the main emphasis of this study, we show that one of the application areas of digital topology, which underlies our algorithms in which pseudo and Mathematica codes are given, is geographic information systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This monograph focuses on the alliances forged by Spanish women intellectuals - writers, artists, actresses - in exile during Franco's dictatorship (1939-1975). The scholars who participate in this special issue enter into dialogue with the rapidly growing scholarly interest in Spanish women exiles' correspondence via private letters, which was the key medium of communication of the mid twentieth century. [Extracted from the article]

Simple Summary: Chimpanzees live in large groups in large territories in the wild, although this is less common in captivity. At Chimp Haven, the world's largest chimpanzee sanctuary, the chimpanzees are integrated into larger groups and provided access to large, forested areas that encourage species-typical behaviors. In this study, we observed 18 chimpanzees as they were integrated into a large group and introduced to new environments over a 7-month time frame. Changes in the locations where the chimpanzees spent their time and conspecifics whom they spent their time with were recorded during both daytime and nighttime observations. We examined the changes in the chimpanzees' spatial use of indoor and outdoor areas as well as arboreal and terrestrial locations. Overall, the chimpanzees' use of space and proximity to others changed over time. Wild chimpanzees live in large, mixed-sex groups that display a fission–fusion social organization. To provide a social environment more like that of wild chimpanzees, Chimp Haven integrated smaller groups of 3–4 individuals into one large group of 18 individuals. This large group was introduced to a 20,234.28 m2 forested habitat and associated indoor areas. This space was designed to allow the individual chimpanzees to choose their proximity to social companions and provide the group with a more natural environment in which they could express more species-typical behavior. The study took place over a 7-month period that began two weeks prior to the first groups being integrated and ended 4 months after the chimpanzees were released into the habitat. We collected data on the chimpanzees' arboreal, terrestrial, indoor, and outdoor spatial use. The chimpanzees' proximity to their nearest neighbor was also recorded, noting whether they were touching or within arm's reach. Data were collected during daytime and nighttime hours and were utilized to make management decisions about potential group formations. We examined the data using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) with individual subjects as a random factor and months as a repeated measure for location and proximity results. There were significant differences in the use of arboreal and outside space over the 7-month time frame, with females more likely to use the arboreal space than males. The chimpanzees were more likely to utilize the habitat over time and increased their proximity to group mates. The results of this study indicate that the chimpanzees responded positively to living in large groups in a spacious naturalistic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities need to make themselves energy self-sufficient by exploiting renewable sources and, above all, to evaluate the potential and constraints that each city can express by virtue of its own characteristics. This study focused on how the realisation of a renewable energy community could be approached in urbanised contexts. The methodology involved the selection of three case studies in Rome analysing the feasibility, programming and design scale, and the implications of planning RECs. Through simulation at three levels of detail, this study identifies elements to assess the feasibility of RECs and to elaborate scenarios to support their planning and dimensioning. The practical importance is to identify a possible methodological path and relevant factors which public or private stakeholders can consider at different levels in setting up RECs in an urban context. The research conclusions of these simulations point out that the specificities of a context affect many factors, among which an important role is played by the facilities and spaces for public use, as they are synergetic to a shared use of energy between residential and non-residential functions, but above all, because they are also available to accommodate services for the energy community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce two notions of closure in the category of proximity spaces which satisfy (weak) hereditariness, productivity, and idempotency, and we characterize each of Ti, i = 0, 1, 2, proximity spaces by using these closure operators and show how these subcategories are related. Furthermore, we characterize the irreducible proximity spaces and investigate the relationship among each of irreducible, connected and Ti, i = 1, 2, proximity spaces. Finally, we present Tietze extension theorem and Urysohn's lemma for proximity spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use the soft set theory and the concept of semi-linear uniform spaces to introduce the notion of soft semi-linear uniform spaces with its generalization, briefly soft-GSLUS. We investigate some properties of soft topology that induced by soft-GSLUS. Also, we use the members of soft-GSLUS to define a soft proximity space and a soft filter then we establish the relationships between them. Finally, we give the perceptual application of soft semi-linear uniform structures by employing the natural transformation of a soft semi-linear uniform space to a soft proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies demonstrate the possibility of navigating in proximity of uncooperative space resident objects by using only monocular images. Despite the results achieved, the development and testing of new algorithms are strongly constrained by the availability of spaceborne image datasets. To overcome this, a new algorithm embedded in a tool to generate synthetic high-fidelity spaceborne image datasets is presented here. The architecture developed can be tailored to a wide range of scenarios and it is based on an open-source ray-tracing software. All assumptions and simplifications adopted are discussed in detail for the different models considered, including a trade-off between accuracy and rendering time. The new method described is subsequently adapted to a baseline scenario where the optical properties of a reference spacecraft model are tuned. Both qualitative and quantitative validations are detailed and successfully carried out for the baseline case, demonstrating the high photo-realism achievable with the proposed method. As a consequence of this main outcome, the paper details the generation of labeled spaceborne image datasets publicly available and reports the analyses that confirm the high level of representativeness, making them suitable for training and testing image-based navigation algorithms. As another outcome, the most comprehensive multi-purpose labeled dataset of validated spaceborne synthetic images currently publicly available is presented. • New methodology to generate spaceborne synthetic images via open-source ray-tracer. • Detailed analysis of atmosphere and topology modeling for celestial bodies. • Definition of a qualitative and quantitative validation step via image comparison. • Successful validation of the proposed approach and generation of validated datasets. • Detail of the largest multi-purpose labeled spaceborne image dataset available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces proximal cell complexes in a hyperconnected space. Hyperconnectedness encodes how collections of path-connected sub-complexes in a Alexandroff–Hopf–Whitehead CW space are near to or far from each other. Several main results are given, namely a hyperconnectedness form of CW (Closure Finite Weak topology) complex, the existence of continuous functions that are paths in hyperconnected relator spaces and hyperconnected chains with overlapping interiors that are path graphs in a relator space. The centroids of surface holes in an image are used as seed points for the triangulation. An application of these results to the definition of cycles using the centroids of triangles is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Navigation and proximity to non-cooperative targets have garnered the interest of both academia and industry. This paper proposes a new space operation concept that would enable two CubeSats equipped with only optical sensor to achieve autonomous and robust proximity with uncooperative satellites. This is a novel strategy for distributed spacecraft missions and applications. Because optical sensors are lightweight and therefore reduce reliance on external measurement sources, the case for their use is compelling. Designing robust guidance and control algorithm is the greatest challenge for optical sensors because relative distance information is unavailable, whereas range information is required for safe proximity. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel concept in which two CubeSats cooperate and share angle measurement data to approach uncooperative targets despite their maneuverability. This paper introduces a new guidance scheme for proximity operations, namely cooperative augmented proportional navigation (CAPN). Modern control law is applied along line-of-sight (LOS) while classical proportional navigation is applied in the normal direction of LOS. By measuring only elevation and azimuth angles between each chaser and the target, the algorithm can account for a maneuvering target. The cooperative scheme offers estimation-based distance measurement, which enhances the observability of angle-only navigation. Target's maneuverability and different control parameter settings have been considered in simulation scenarios. The degree of observability (DOO) is then introduced as the quantitative observability analysis metric to validate the effectiveness of the guidance scheme and precision of the estimation. The results of simulations have demonstrated that the CAPN proposed in this paper is capable of completing challenging proximity missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining biologically functional and compatible social groups is a primary welfare concern for curators of captive animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a yearling's presence on the daily activity, use of space and inter-individual distance on its parental pair of Iberian wolves (Canis lupus signatus) housed at the Barcelona Zoo. Multifocal sampling methods were used for data collection, and instantaneous scans were made at 15-min intervals during 10-hr sessions. 432 sampling points were balanced for the daily periods - morning, midday, and afternoon - for two different phases: dyad and triad phases. The subjects studied during the dyad phase--from April to May 1999--were the adult mated pair during the adult female pregnancy. For the triad phase--from May to June 2000--we studied the mated pair together with its new yearling. When comparing these two study phases, there were statistically significant differences for the daily activity, particularly for exploration, locomotion, feeding, and inactivity of the mated pair. In addition, the pair used the space more homogenously during the triad phase. During this phase, the inter-individual distance of the mated pair was significantly smaller in the morning and in midday and the yearling was closer to the adult female than to the adult male. The mated pair also showed individualized results for their daily activity, use of space and inter-individual proximity during the triad phase. Increasing the understanding about the effects of pregnancy and the birth of a new pack member enables the improvement of captive management and helps providing wolf packs with the most appropriate social environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities are the main field of application of technological innovations for ecological transition and decarbonisation. With reference to its proximity spaces, the research proposes a multidisciplinary and transcalar vision in which analytical and quantitative methods of urban design are combined with qualitative assessment methods of technological design to simulate and measure the impacts of interventions in terms of mitigation and adaptation to the effects of climate change. A planning support tool, based on game theory, guides the choice between effective and interdependent solutions for decarbonisation through renewable energy production, ecosystem services and accessibility to essential services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new multiple spacecraft full-coverage inspection path-planning scheme to closely observe any large complex space structure hovering in space. For this purpose, a decentralized multi-spacecraft methodology is proposed, extending our previous work on the inspection of structures using a single inspector spacecraft for a cooperative collection of small spacecraft. Multi-robot systems are more reliable, flexible, and scalable and can accomplish complex missions, which might be impossible or significantly time-consuming for a single robot. To this end, our previously developed asymptotically optimal sampling-based path planner, called the Rapidly Exploring Random Tree, is combined with a multi-spacecraft coordination methodology. The resulting kinodynamic inspection path planner generates 3-dimensional inspection trajectories for each spacecraft to fully observe any points on the boundary of a complex space structure in close proximity while satisfying the kinematic and dynamic constraints. Spacecraft coordination, communication, and task allocations are developed to reduce the total inspection time, crucial during servicing and proximity operations. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the ability and effectiveness of our planner. • Multi-spacecraft coordination and motion planning for inspection of large space structures. • Decentralized coordination for cooperative and homogeneous collection of small spacecraft. • Full sensor coverage inspection trajectories for complete inspection of the space structure. • Contributing to the technologies required for space exploration and proximity operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces proximal path cycles, which lead to the main results in this paper, namely, extensions of the Mitsuishi-Yamaguchi Good Coverning Theorem with different forms of Tanaka good cover of an Alexandrov space equipped with a proximity relation as well as extension of the Jordan curve theorem. In this work, a path cycle is a sequence of maps h1,...,hi,...,hn-1 mod n in which hi : [ 0,1 ] → X and hi(1) = hi+1(0) provide the structure of a path-connected cycle that has no end path. An application of these results is also given for the persistence of proximal video frame shapes that appear in path cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a multitude of pathological conditions that affect human health, yet we currently lack a predictive model for most diseases, and underlying mechanisms that are shared by multiple diseases are poorly understood. We leveraged baseline clinical biomarker data and long-term disease outcomes in UK Biobank to build prognostic multivariate survival models for over 200 most common diseases. We construct a similarity map between biomarker-disease hazard ratios and demonstrate broad patterns of shared similarity in biomarker profiles across the entire disease space. Further aggregation of risk profiles through density based clustering showed that biomarker-risk profiles can be partitioned into few distinct clusters with characteristic patterns representative of broad disease categories. To confirm these risk patterns we built disease co-occurrence networks in the UK Biobank and US HCUP hospitalization databases, and compared similarity in biomarker risk profiles to disease co-occurrence. We show that proximity in the biomarker-disease space is strongly related to the occurrence of disease comorbidity, suggesting biomarker profile patterns can be used for both predicting future outcomes as well as a sensitive mechanism for detecting under-diagnosed disease states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial performance capture is the process of automatically animating a digital face according to a captured performance of an actor. Recent developments in this area have focused on high‐quality results using expensive head‐scanning equipment and camera rigs. These methods produce impressive animations that accurately capture subtle details in an actor's performance. However, these methods are accessible only to content creators with relatively large budgets. Current methods using inexpensive recording equipment generally produce lower quality output that is unsuitable for many applications. In this paper, we present a facial performance capture method that does not require facial scans and instead animates an artist‐created model using standard blendshapes. Furthermore, our method gives artists high‐level control over animations through a workflow similar to existing commercial solutions. Given a recording, our approach matches keyframes of the video with corresponding expressions from an animated library of poses. A Gaussian process model then computes the full animation by interpolating from the set of matched keyframes. Our expression‐matching method computes a low‐dimensional latent code from an image that represents a facial expression while factoring out the facial identity. Images depicting similar facial expressions are identified by their proximity in the latent space. In our results, we demonstrate the fidelity of our expression‐matching method. We also compare animations generated with our approach to animations generated with commercially available software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the home accommodation of asylum seekers in Finland from the perspective of hosts' affective experiences of living through the asylum process from proximity. This study contributes to the research on the affective dimension of pro-asylum solidarity beyond the framework of compassion. Instead of being observers of distant suffering, hosts are personally affected by the asylum seekers' past involving war and conflict and their present struggle for asylum, which are inseparably intertwined. As a result, the hosts' homes and domestic lives are transformed. The boundaries between home and faraway events blur when daily life includes technology-mediated connections to war. Affective proximity to asylum struggles may cause an emotional burden for hosts, which can also be politicising. Living together often leads to a shared mission of fighting for the right to remain and increased awareness of the political question of asylum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hereditary class on a set X is a nonempty collection of subsets of X which is closed under subsets. In this paper, we present a new structure of proximity spaces by using a hereditary class, called H-proximity spaces, as a generalization of Efremovič proximity spaces, I-proximity spaces and coarse proximity spaces. Some properties of this proximity structure and generalized topology induced by it are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drones or unpersonned vehicles are mobile sensing technologies that collapse space and enhance proximity between scientists and marine species. As such, they improve the collection of biological data – images, migration maps, and fluid samples, for example. But while the drone's benefits to oceanography are apparent, it is less clear what marine species receive for their unintentional participation in data collection. Building on ethnography, piloting experiments, interviews, and scrutiny of public blogs and scientific texts, this article documents two cases of drone oceanography, interrogates the multispecies intimacies they forge and considers what scientists return to marine animals in exchange for their biological data. The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration directs ocean-surface Saildrones to follow northern fur seals in the Bering Sea, and Ocean Alliance, a not-for-profit research organization, collects microbes from cetaceans by flying aerial drones, or Snotbots, through their exhale. With the aim of generating more equitable reciprocities in waters that are surveyed by drones and increasingly challenging to live within, this article offers storying, or the building of existential narratives that support conservation through public engagement, as a way of forging multispecies reciprocities in the Blue Anthropocene – an era marked by existential urgencies, technological materialities, and elemental constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing message propagation is critical for solving the problem of node classification in sparse graph with few labels. The recently popularized Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) lacks the ability to propagate messages effectively to distant nodes because of over-smoothing. Besides, the GCN with numerous trainable parameters suffers from overfitting when the labeled nodes are scarce. This article addresses the problem via building GCN on Enhanced Message-Passing Graph (EMPG). The key idea is that node classification can benefit from various variants of the input graph that can propagate messages more efficiently, based on the assumption that the structure of each variant is reasonable when more unlabeled nodes are labeled properly. Specifically, the proposed method first maps the nodes to a latent space through graph embedding that captures the structural information of the input graph. Considering the node attributes together, the proposed method constructs the EMPG by adding connections between the nodes in close proximity in the latent space. With the help of the added connections, the EMPG allows a node to propagate its message to the right nodes at long distances, so that the GCN built on the EMPG need not stack multiple layers. As a result, over-smoothing is avoided. However, dense connections may cause message propagation saturation and lead to overfitting. Seeing the EMPG as an accumulation of some potential variants of the original graph, the proposed method utilizes dropout to extract a group of variants from the EMPG and then builds multichannel GCNs on them. The multichannel features learned from different dropout EMPGs are aggregated to compute the final prediction jointly. The proposed method is flexible, as a brod range of GCNs can be incorporated easily. Additionally, it is efficient and robust. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method yields improvements in node classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a kinodynamic inspection path planner, called Random Kinodynamic Inspection Tree algorithm, is presented to perform in-close proximity full-coverage on-orbit inspection for the space structures, under kinematic/dynamic motion constraints in deep space environments. Inspection, as one of the key elements of proximity operations, would make a significant breakthrough in on-orbit servicing and, therefore, space exploration missions. The presented approach combines a novel coverage planning scheme with a kinodynamic motion planner to quickly and effectively solve the inspection path planning problem while at the same time handling both holonomic and non-holonomic constraints of the environment and the inspector robot. Our planner avoids the previous decoupled two steps method, which usually has been used to solve coverage planning problems, namely the Art Gallery and Traveling salesman problems, which are difficult or infeasible to be applied to a robot with differential constraints working in a high-dimensional environment. By contrast, our planner employs the Rapidly Exploring Random Tree algorithm as an asymptotically-optimal sampling-based technique in cooperation with a Linear Quadratic Minimum Time controller to generate an optimal and smooth inspection trajectory for any space structures, given complete knowledge of the structure and inspector's dynamics. The algorithm guarantees probabilistic completeness. Simulations are provided as a validation of the achieved inspection performance. • Kinodynamic inspection path planning for space applications is studied. • Three-dimensional kinodynamic coverage path planner is designed. • Full coverage inspection trajectories are developed for three different geometrical shapes. • Our results can be applied to space exploration missions in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space station is under the increasing threaten caused by large amount of space debris on Earth orbit. Besides traditional active and passive defense measures, it is urgent to study active close-in defense strategy for protecting space station from space debris. In this paper, an active close-in defense mode is proposed for a space station based on a flexible and deployable proximity defense shield, while a hybrid procedure is formulated to optimize the on-orbit placement of the shield. First, an active close-in defense scheme for a space station is proposed. Second, the proximity defense process is modeled including orbit propagation and impact momentum transfer. Third, the orbital spatio-temporal evolution of the space debris and the proximity defense shield during the defense process are transformed into a multi-dimensional space probability distribution using the Poincaré section and the Gaussian mixture model. Then, based on probability optimization, the on-orbit placement of the proximity defense shield is optimized for protecting a space station from tiny space debris. Finally, comparison simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed technique. • An innovative space debris close-in defense mode for space station is presented. • An hybrid procedure is proposed to optimize on-orbit placement of proximity defense shield. • The main outcome is the determination of the optimal position of the shield in orbit for debris defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chaotically developed post-socialist suburbs need retrofitting by providing residents with a local central space. This research aims at developing a typology of suburban local centres, describing the most common central spaces according to adopted criteria, as well as identifying which type of local centre has the most potential to be perceived as such by suburbanites and how suburban municipalities plan central spaces. The research was conducted in six institutional Warsaw suburbs representing the most common types of local centres of a neighbourhood catchment area. The research has shown that spatial criteria differentiate local centres more than social criteria. Concentric layouts attract different non-residential functions more effectively than linear ones. When recognising some spaces as central, the legibility of the broader spatial arrangement and the presence of key objects with centre-forming functions seems to be important. Factors that distort such recognition include the excessive dispersion of buildings, shops, and service points; peripheral or random location of the main activity node; poorly designed and equipped central spaces; and the proximity to large-scale shopping centres and recreational areas/objects. When looking for a model of retrofitting post-socialist suburbs through strengthening neighbourhood centres, it is worth recalling the concept of the so-called "third places". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we gave new types of sets on the i – topological proximity space, which depend on both focal nested sets and focal closure concept. We have used names Pf - congested, Pf - uncongested, CPC - congested, Pf C - congested and CPf - congested set of these new concepts. The relations between them and their transport will also be highlighted by a special type of functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation During lead compound optimization, it is crucial to identify pathways where a drug-like compound is metabolized. Recently, machine learning-based methods have achieved inspiring progress to predict potential metabolic pathways for drug-like compounds. However, they neglect the knowledge that metabolic pathways are dependent on each other. Moreover, they are inadequate to elucidate why compounds participate in specific pathways. Results To address these issues, we propose a novel Multi-Label Graph Learning framework of Metabolic Pathway prediction boosted by pathway interdependence, called MLGL-MP , which contains a compound encoder, a pathway encoder and a multi-label predictor. The compound encoder learns compound embedding representations by graph neural networks. After constructing a pathway dependence graph by re-trained word embeddings and pathway co-occurrences, the pathway encoder learns pathway embeddings by graph convolutional networks. Moreover, after adapting the compound embedding space into the pathway embedding space, the multi-label predictor measures the proximity of two spaces to discriminate which pathways a compound participates in. The comparison with state-of-the-art methods on KEGG pathways demonstrates the superiority of our MLGL-MP. Also, the ablation studies reveal how its three components contribute to the model, including the pathway dependence, the adapter between compound embeddings and pathway embeddings, as well as the pre-training strategy. Furthermore, a case study illustrates the interpretability of MLGL-MP by indicating crucial substructures in a compound, which are significantly associated with the attending metabolic pathways. It is anticipated that this work can boost metabolic pathway predictions in drug discovery. Availability and implementation The code and data underlying this article are freely available at https://github.com/dubingxue/MLGL-MP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a recipe for three crucial ingredients: Bitopological spaces, proximity theory and digital image processing. The notion of LnS - topological spaces and LnS -proximity spaces are introduced as generalizations of topological spaces and proximity spaces respectively. We explicitly compute and visualize descriptive-LnS -open sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the Introduction to the special issue on Covid-19 and the cultural constructions of a global crisis. Contextualizing understandings of the pandemic in relation to the concepts of 'event' and 'crisis', especially to the idea that modernity is itself a condition of perpetual crisis, it proposes that the pandemic is a crisis-event that catalyses new possibilities for making visible endemic inequalities and injustices across highly variable cultural and social domains, from the personal to the global. Always open to containment and appropriation, this crisis of visibility and invisibility is discussed as it pertains to the body, to space and social proximity, and to media and mediation. The individual contributions to the special issue are introduced in relation to these topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]