Search

Despite the prevalence of teams in research, there is a lack of a good understanding of how their size and diversity affects their performance. We develop a theoretical framework that distinguishes two dimensions of research performance for an academic paper: impact (i.e., subsequent citations) and prestige (i.e., ranking of the journal where research is published). We propose that, while larger teams will enhance linearly the impact of research, they will affect its prestige in a nonlinear fashion. We further contend that these effects will be moderated by knowledge and international diversity of the teams. We test these hypotheses using bibliometric data between 1990 and 2020 on more than 1.4 million papers and 18 million citation counts across 22 subfields in management. Our results confirm significant benefits for research impact from both team size and diversity, but also highlight drawbacks when teams become very large and heterogeneous. Moreover, we find a nonlinear positive effect of team size on research prestige that can be offset only by high levels of knowledge diversity. These findings are robust to a variety of proxies, controls, and estimation techniques, including instrumental variables and propensity score matching. We discuss practical implications for stimulating research performance in business schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how investments in automation affect the gender pay gap. The evidence of the effects of automation on the labor market is growing; however, little is known about the implications of automation for the gender pay gap. The data used in this paper are from a matched employer–employee dataset incorporating detailed information on firms, their imports, and employee–level data for Estonian manufacturing and service employers for the period of 2006–2018. Through the use of the imports of automation goods as a proxy for the introduction of automation at the firm level, this paper estimates the effect of automation using simple Mincerian wage equations. The causality of the effect is further validated using propensity score matching (PSM). We find that introducing automation enlarges the gender pay gap, and PSM confirms that this also has a higher causal effect on the wages of male employees than female employees. The results imply that a higher representation of women in higher-paid positions does not guarantee a reduction in the gender pay gap in the presence of automation, and appropriate measures in education and retraining are needed to tackle the effect of automation on gender inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between corporate site visits (CSVs) and firms' real earnings management. Using a unique dataset of site visits to Chinese firms listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2016, we find that such visits are negatively associated with firms' real earnings management. The results are robust to using alternative CSV measures, controlling for alternative communication channels, and using the propensity score matching method. In cross-sectional analyses, we find that the negative association between site visits and real earnings management is stronger for more complex firms and firms with greater information asymmetry. In addition, we find that CSVs are negatively associated with both management and corporate misconduct but not with accrual-based earnings management or restatements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Creating activity-friendly communities (AFCs) is an important strategy to increase physical activity (PA). While cross-sectional links between community environments and PA are well documented, their causal relationships remain insufficiently explored. Methods: Using the accelerometer and survey data collected from adults who moved to an AFC (cases) and similar non-AFC-residing adults who did not move (comparisons), this pre–post, case-comparison study examines if moving to an AFC increases PA. Data came from 115 participants (cases = 37, comparisons = 78) from Austin, Texas, who completed 2 waves of 1-weeklong data collection. Difference-in-difference analyses and fixed-effect models were used to test the significance of the pre–post differences in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) between cases and comparisons, for the full sample and the subsample of 37 pairs matched in key covariates using the Propensity Score Matching method. Results: Average treatment effect generated based on Propensity Score Matching and difference-in-difference showed that moving to this AFC led to an average of 10.88 additional minutes of daily MVPA (76.16 weekly minutes, P =.015). Fixed-effect models echoed the result with an increase of 10.39 minutes of daily MVPA after moving to the AFC. We also found that case participants who were less active at baseline and had higher income increased their MVPA more than their counterparts. Conclusions: This study showed that, among our study sample, moving to an AFC increased residents' PA significantly when compared to their premove level and the comparison group. This causal evidence suggests the potential of AFCs as sustainable interventions for PA promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the productivity effects for domestic suppliers from joining and exiting the value chains of foreign-owned multinational enterprises (MNEs). Our econometric analysis is based on firm-to-firm transactions recorded in the value-added tax declarations' data from Estonia and use of propensity score matching and difference-in-difference regression approach. The treatment analysis based on period 2015–2019 suggests that starting to supply the foreign-owned firms initially boosts the value added per employee of the domestic firms, including the effects on the scale of production and the capital–labor ratio. These first linkages to the foreign-owned MNEs do not affect the total factor productivity (TFP) of domestic firms, suggesting that the TFP effects take time to materialize. We find no significant positive effects on the second-tier suppliers: the positive effects are limited to the first-tier suppliers with direct links to foreign-owned firms. One novel result is the evidence that the productivity of suppliers does not fall, on average, after decreasing or ending supplier relationships with the foreign-owned firms. However, this average effect hides significant heterogeneity. Domestic firms with prior high levels of productivity and those at the time of exit from the MNE relationship start to export, gain in productivity in next periods, whereas the firms with low prior productivity levels lose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Limited information is available regarding the impact of sarcopenia on the prognosis of antiangiogenic therapy in individuals with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study primarily sought to examine the prognostic significance of sarcopenia in individuals with advanced NSCLC undergoing antiangiogenic therapy.We retrospectively enrolled all patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 2019 to 2021 at Nantong University Hospital. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia. After propensity score matching (PSM), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse event rates were compared between the two groups. Factors associated with prognosis were screened using univariate and multivariate analyses.A total of 267 patients were included, with a total of 201 matched at baseline after PSM (77 in the sarcopenia group and 124 in the non‐sarcopenia group). The sarcopenia group had lower PFS (p = 0.043) and OS (p = 0.011) than the non‐sarcopenia group and a higher incidence of adverse events (p = 0.044). Multivariate analysis suggested that sarcopenia is an independent prognostic risk factor for OS in advanced NSCLC patients receiving antiangiogenic therapies (p = 0.009). Results of subgroup analyses showed some differences in the impact of sarcopenia on survival prognosis in populations with different characteristics.Patients with advanced NSCLC with comorbid sarcopenia exhibit a worse prognosis when treated with antiangiogenic therapy, and preventing and ameliorating sarcopenia may lead to better survival outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Persistent debates exist regarding the superiority of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) over adjuvant therapy (AT) for patients with T1c, node‐negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive (HER2+) breast cancer, and relevant guidelines for these patients are lacking.Data on patients with T1cN0M0‐stage HER2+ breast cancer who received chemotherapy and surgery were extracted from 2010 to 2020 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to create well‐balanced cohorts for the NAT and AT groups. Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the differences between NAT and AT in terms of overall survival (OS) and breast cancer–specific survival (BCSS). Additionally, logistic regression models were used to explore factors associated with response to NAT.After PSM, 2140 patient pairs were successfully matched, which achieved a balanced distribution between the NAT and AT groups. KM curves revealed similar OS and BCSS between patients receiving NAT and those undergoing AT. A multivariate Cox model identified achieving pathological complete response (pCR) after NAT, compared with AT, as a protective prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35–0.77; p < .001) and BCSS (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37–0.98; p = .041). A logistic regression model revealed that White race and hormone receptor–negative status independently predicted pCR.For patients with T1cN0M0‐stage HER2+ breast cancer, NAT demonstrated comparable OS and BCSS to AT. Patients who achieved pCR after NAT exhibited significantly better survival outcomes compared with those who received AT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions In people with chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) receiving imatinib and achieving major molecular response (MMR), dose reduction may decrease adverse events but may be associated with a loss of molecular response. Whether digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) can identify persons in whom dose reduction might be unsuccessful is unknown.Data from 716 consecutive subjects who achieved MMR after initial imatinib therapy (400 mg/day) were obtained. A total of 486 subjects remained on full‐dose imatinib, whereas 230 subjects had their dose reduced to 300 or 200 mg/day. The outcomes of these cohorts were compared via landmark and propensity score matching analyses.Imatinib dose reduction showed no significant effect on the subsequent achievement of deeper molecular responses (4‐ and 4.5‐log reductions in BCR::ABL1 transcripts; MR4 and MR4.5), maintenance of MMR, or attainment of therapy‐free remission when compared with subjects without dose reduction. In subjects achieving MR4, however, the probability of maintaining MR4 (p = .002) was lower in the reduced‐dose group. In multivariable analyses, failure to achieve MR4.5 as determined by ddPCR at the time of dose reduction was significantly associated with briefer MMR failure‐free survival (FFS; hazard ratio [HR], 10.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–82.9; p = .03) and MR4 FFS (HR, 6.8; 95% CI, 2.6–18.0; p < .001).Imatinib dose reduction after achieving MMR does not adversely affect response deepening or MMR maintenance in chronic‐phase CML but compromises MR4 maintenance. The results of ddPCR may identify people who benefit from imatinib dose reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to assess the effects of antithrombotic therapy on the outcomes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) in ICU patients, focusing on in-hospital mortality, rebleeding, and length of hospital and ICU stays. Method: This retrospective observational study utilized the MIMIC-IV 2.2 database, which includes 513 ICU patients with LGIB. Result: The in-hospital mortality rate was 7.6%, and the rebleeding rate was 11.1%. The average Oakland risk score among the study population was 22.54. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified the use of antiplatelet drugs as an independent protective factor for in-hospital mortality (HR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.15–0.90, p = 0.029). Patients on anticoagulants experienced significantly longer hospital stays (13.1 ± 12.2 days vs. 17.4 ± 12.6 days, p = 0.031) compared to those not using these drugs. Propensity score matching also supported these findings, indicating that antithrombotic therapy was associated with lower in-hospital mortality and longer hospital stays even after adjusting for factors like age, gender, and primary diagnosis. Conclusions: Our analysis using various statistical methods, including propensity score matching and multivariate regression, confirms that use of antithrombotic drugs in 2.3 days, particularly antiplatelets, are associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality. However, they may increase the risk of rebleeding and extend hospital stays in certain subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion To compare weight and glucometabolic outcomes of semaglutide and metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) for patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.Patients treated with either semaglutide for a duration of ≥2 years or MBS in Sweden were identified within the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry and the National Diabetes Registry and matched in a 1:1–2 ratio using a propensity score matching with a generalized linear model, including age, sex, glycated haemoglobin before treatment, duration of type 2 diabetes, use of insulin, presence of comorbidities and history of cancer, with good matching results but with a remaining imbalance for glomerular filtration rate and body mass index, which were then adjusted for in the following analyses. Main outcomes were weight loss and glycaemic control.The study included 606 patients in the surgical group matched to 997 controls who started their treatment from 2018 until 2020. Both groups improved in weight and glucometabolic control. At 2 years after the intervention, mean glycated haemoglobin was 42.3 ± 11.18 after MBS compared with 50.7 ± 12.48 after semaglutide treatment (p < 0.001) with 382 patients (63.0%) and 139 (13.9%), respectively, reaching complete remission without other treatment than the intervention (p < 0.001). Mean total weight loss reached 26.4% ± 8.83% after MBS compared with 5.2% ± 7.87% after semaglutide (p < 0.001).Semaglutide and MBS were both associated with improvements in weight and improved glycaemic control at 2 years after the start of the intervention, but MBS was associated with better weight loss and glucometabolic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusion This study aimed to evaluate whether integrated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) is more effective than WM for acute pancreatitis (AP).Patients with AP were enrolled and divided into the TCM and WM (TCM&WM) and WM groups according to the therapeutic protocol in real clinical settings. We applied 1:3 propensity score matching, which was to adjust confounding factors. The primary outcome was mortality, whereas the secondary outcomes were organ failure, organ supportive therapies, local complications, hospitalization cost, and length of hospital stay. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also performed.Of 5442 patients with AP, 4691 and 751 were included in the TCM&WM and WM groups, respectively. After PSM, patient baseline characteristics were well balanced. Compared with the WM group (n = 734), the TCM&WM group (n = 2096) had lower overall mortality rate (1.7% vs. 3.4%; risk ratio, 0.482; 95% confidence interval, 0.286–0.810; p = 0.005). The TCM&WM group was associated with lower risk of persistent renal failure, multiple organ failure, and infection, lower utilization of organ supportive therapies, shortened lengths of hospital and intensive care unit stay, and lower hospital costs. Sensitivity analyses showed similar results. Subgroup analysis favored TCM&WM treatment for patients aged < 60 years, with hypertriglyceridic etiology, and with admission interval between 24 and 48 h.TCM&WM treatment can achieve lower risks of mortality and organ failure and better economic effectiveness in patients with AP than WM treatment. This study provides a promising alternative of TCM&WM treatment for AP in the real‐world setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Patients and Methods Results Conclusion To conduct a comprehensive comparison of microwave ablation (MWA) vs radiofrequency ablation (RFA) outcomes in the treatment of small renal masses (SRMs), specifically: TRIFECTA ([i] complete ablation, [ii] absence of Clavien–Dindo Grade ≥III complications, and [iii] absence of ≥30% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate) achievement, operative time (OT), and local recurrence rate (LRR).We retrospectively analysed 531 patients with SRMs (clinical T1a–b) treated with MWA or RFA at a single centre (2008–2022). First, multivariable logistic regression models were used for testing TRIFECTA achievement. Second, multivariable Poisson regression models were used to evaluate variables associated with longer OT. Finally, Kaplan–Meier plots depicted LRR over time. All analyses were repeated after 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM).Of 531 patients with SRMs, 373/531 (70.2%) underwent MWA and 158/531 (29.8%) RFA. MWA demonstrated superior TRIFECTA achievement (314/373 [84.2%]) compared to RFA (114/158 [72.2%], P = 0.001). These differences were driven by higher rates of complete ablation in MWA‐ vs RFA‐treated patients (348/373 [93.3%] vs 137/158 [86.7%], P < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression models, MWA was associated with higher TRIFECTA achievement, compared to RFA, before (odds ratio [OR] 1.92, P = 0.008) and after PSM (OR 1.99, P = 0.023). Finally, the median OT was shorter for MWA vs RFA (105 vs 115 min; P = 0.002). At Poisson regression analyses, MWA predicted shorter OT before (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.86, P < 0.001) and after PSM (IRR 0.85, P < 0.001). Local recurrence occurred in 17/373 (4.6%) MWA‐treated patients and 21/158 (13.3%) RFA‐treated patients (P = 0.29) after a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 24 (8–46) months. There were no differences in the LRR in Kaplan–Meier plots before (P = 0.29) and after PSM (P = 0.42).Microwave ablation provides higher TRIFECTA achievement, and shorter OT than RFA. No significant differences were found regarding the LRR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative complications of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) are still a thorny problem. This study aims to verify the preventative impact of T-tube on them. Methods: The electronic medical records and follow-up data of patients who received pancreaticoduodenectomy in our center from July 2016 to June 2020 were reviewed. According to whether T tube was placed during the operation, the patients were divided into T-tube group and not-T-tube group. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to minimize selection bias. Results: A total of 330 patients underwent PD (Not-T-tube group =226, T-tube group=104). Propensity score matching resulted in 222 patients for further analysis (Not-T-tube group =134, T-tube group=88). Patients' demographics were comparable in the matched cohorts. Significantly higher incidences of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) ((14 (10.45%) VS 20 (22.73%)), P=0.013) were observed in the T-tube group. The total incidence of biliary anastomotic stricture (BAS) was 3.15%. The incidence was slightly lower in the T-tube group, but there was no statistically significant differentiation (6 (4.48%) VS 1 (1.14%), P=0.317). Conclusions: It is not feasible to prevent postoperative complications with the application of a T-tube in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to compare the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy (RT) plus systemic therapy (ST) with RT alone in patients with simple brain metastasis (BM) after first-line treatment of limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). Methods: The patients were treated at a single center from January 2011 to January 2022. BM only without metastases to other organs was defined as simple BM. The eligible patients were divided into RT alone (monotherapy arm) and RT plus ST (combined therapy arm). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to examine factors associated with increased risk of extracranial progression. After 1:1 propensity score matching analysis, two groups were compared for extracranial progression-free survival (ePFS), PFS, overall survival (OS), and intracranial PFS (iPFS). Results: 133 patients were identified and 100 were analyzed (monotherapy arm: n = 50, combined therapy arm: n = 50). The ePFS of the combined therapy was significantly longer than that of the monotherapy, with a median ePFS of 13.2 months (95% CI, 6.6–19.8) in combined therapy and 8.2 months (95% CI, 5.7–10.7) in monotherapy (P = 0.04). There were no statistically significant differences in PFS (P = 0.057), OS (P = 0.309), or iPFS (P = 0.448). Multifactorial analysis showed that combined therapy was independently associated with better ePFS compared with monotherapy (HR = 0.617, P = 0.034); more than 5 BMs were associated with worse ePFS compared with 1–5 BMs (HR = 1.808, P = 0.012). Conclusions: Compared with RT alone, combined therapy improves ePFS in patients with simple BM after first-line treatment of LS-SCLC. Combined therapy and 1–5 BMs reduce the risk of extracranial recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on postoperative recovery of patients who underwent liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain given the lack of sufficient evidence. Aim: To investigate the impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on postoperative recovery of patients who underwent liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Patients who were pathologically diagnosed with HCC and underwent elective partial hepatectomy in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital between January 2022 and April 2023 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. The patients were divided into two groups based on their history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rehabilitation parameters, including postoperative liver function, incidence of complications, and hospitalization expenses, were compared between the two groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce confounding bias. Results: We included 172 patients (58 with and 114 without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection) who underwent liver resection for HCC. No significant differences in the rehabilitation parameters were observed between the two groups. After PSM, 58 patients were selected from each group to form the new comparative groups. Similar results were obtained within the population after PSM. Conclusion: Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection does not appear to affect postoperative rehabilitation, including liver function, postoperative complications, or hospitalization expenses among patients with HCC after elective partial hepatectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the prognostic differences following the achievement of a pathological complete response (pCR) through neoadjuvant chemotherapy across different molecular subtypes of breast invasive ductal carcinoma. Methods: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) were identified for patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy who achieved pathological complete response for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast between 2010 and 2019.Comparing the clinicopathological characteristics of patients across different molecular subtypes. Univariate and Cox multivariate analyses were utilized to identify independent predictors of overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The Kaplan–Meier method is used to compare OS and CSS among different molecular subtypes. After propensity score matching, subgroup analysis results were presented through forest plots. Results: This study included 9,380 patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma, who were categorized into four molecular subtypes: 2,721 (29.01%) HR + /HER-2 + , 1,661 (17.71%) HR + /HER2-, 2,082 (22.20%) HR-/HER2 + , and 2,916 (31.08%) HR-/HER-2-. HR + /HER-2- subgroup exhibited a significantly higher proportion of patients under 50 years old than the other subtype groups (54.67% vs 40.2%, 50.35% and 51.82%, p < 0.01), and had a higher N2 + N3 stage (11.2% vs 7.24%, 8.69% and 7.48%, p < 0.01). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that molecular subtype was the independent risk factor for OS and CSS in patients(p < 0.05). The Kaplan–Meier curves indicated that the HR + /HER-2 + subtype had the highest OS and CSS(p < 0.05). Next, were the HR-/HER-2 + and HR-/HER-2- subtypes, with the HR + /HER-2- group having the lowest OS and CSS(p < 0.05). After propensity score matching, the OS and CSS of patients in the HR + /HER-2 + group remained higher compared to HR + /HER-2- group(p < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of different molecular subtypes exhibit varying prognoses after achieving pCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Those in the HR + /HER-2- group are younger, have a higher lymph node stage, and the lowest OS and CSS, whereas patients in the HR + /HER-2 + group have the highest OS and CSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and practitioners in financial services utilize a wide range of empirical techniques to assess risk and value. In cases where known performance is used to predict future performance of a new asset, the risk of bias is present when samples are uncontrolled by the analyst. Propensity score matching is a statistical methodology commonly used in medical and social science research to address issues related to experimental design when random assignment of cases is not possible. This common method has been almost absent from financial risk modeling and portfolio underwriting, primarily due to the different objectives for this sector relative to medicine and social sciences. In this application note, we demonstrate how propensity score matching can be considered as a practical tool to inform portfolio underwriting outside of experimental design. Using a portfolio of distressed consumer credit accounts, we demonstrate that propensity score matching can be used to predict both account-level and portfolio-level risk and argue that propensity score matching should be included in the methodological toolbox of researchers and practitioners engaged in risk modeling and valuation activities of portfolios of consumer assets, particularly in contexts with limited observations, a large number of potential modeling features, or highly imbalanced covariates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Other‐cause mortality (OCM) can serve as a surrogate for access‐to‐care. The authors sought to compare prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM) in Black versus White men matched based on their calculated OCM risk. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for Black and White men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2004 to 2009, to collect long‐term follow‐up. A Cox regression was used to calculate the OCM risk using all available covariates. This calculated OCM risk was used to construct a 1:1 propensity score matched (PSM) cohort. Then, a competing‐risks multivariable tested the impact of race on PCSM. Results: A total of 94,363 patients were identified, with 19,398 Black men and 74,965 White men. The median (IQR) follow‐up was 11.3 years (9.8–12.8). In the unmatched‐cohort at 10‐years, PCSM and OCM were 5.5% versus 3.5% and 13.8% versus 8.4% in non‐Hispanic Black (NHB) versus non‐Hispanic White (NHW) patients (all p <.0001). The standardized mean difference was <0.15 for all covariates, indicating a good match. In the matched cohort at 10‐years, OCM was 13.6% and 10.0% in NHB versus NHW (p <.0001), whereas the PCSM was 5.3% versus 4.7% (p <.01). On competing‐risks multivariable analysis on PCSM, Black men had a hazard ratio of 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 0.98–1.20) compared to White men with a p =.13. Conclusions: The results of this study showed similar PCSM in Black and White patients, when matched with their calculated OCM risk. This report is the first to indicate at a population‐based level that race has no impact on PCSM. Plain Language Summary: Prostate cancer is a very common cancer among men and it is associated with health disparities that disproportionately impact Black men compared to White men.There is an on‐going discussion of whether disparities between these two groups stem from genetic or environmental factors.This study sought to examine if matching based on overall health status, a proxy for the impact of social determinants of health, mitigated significant differences in outcomes.When matched using risk of death from any cause other than prostate cancer, Black and White men had no significant differences in prostate cancer death. When non‐Hispanic Black and non‐Hispanic White men diagnosed with prostate cancer are matched based on overall health status, there is no difference in prostate cancer–specific mortality. This suggests that social determinants of health could play a significant role in contributing to disparities in cancer control outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tacrolimus is widely used to treat pediatric nephrotic range proteinuria (NRP). Diltiazem, a CYP3A4/5 inhibitor, is often administered with tacrolimus, affecting its pharmacokinetic profile. The impact of this combination on tacrolimus exposure, particularly in CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism, remains unclear in pediatric NRP patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diltiazem on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics, focusing on the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism. Methods: We conducted a retrospective clinical study involving pediatric NRP patients, divided into two groups: those receiving tacrolimus with diltiazem and those receiving tacrolimus alone. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline characteristics between the groups. We compared daily dose-adjusted trough concentrations (C0/D) of tacrolimus in both the original and PSM cohorts. The influence of diltiazem on tacrolimus C0/D, stratified by CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism, was assessed in a self-controlled case series study. Results: Before PSM, the tacrolimus C0/D in patients taking diltiazem was significantly higher compared to those with tacrolimus alone (75.84 vs. 56.86 ng/mL per mg/kg, P = 0.034). This finding persisted after PSM (75.84 vs. 46.93 ng/mL per mg/kg, P= 0.028). In the self-controlled case study, tacrolimus C0/D elevated about twofold (75.84 vs. 34.76 ng/mL per mg/kg, P < 0.001) after diltiazem administration. CYP3A5 expressers (CYP3A5*1/*1 and *1/*3) and CYP3A5 non-expressers (CYP3A5*3/*3) experienced a 1.8-fold and 1.3-fold increase in tacrolimus C0/D when combined with diltiazem, respectively. Conclusion: Diltiazem significantly increased tacrolimus C0/D, with CYP3A5*3 expressers showing higher elevations than non-expressers among pediatric NRP patients. These findings highlight the importance of personalized tacrolimus therapy based on CYP3A5*3 genotypes in pediatric patients taking diltiazem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sacubitril/valsartan is an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) that inhibits the degradation of endogenous natriuretic peptides. Therefore, ARNIs may increase the efficacy of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP), a drug for acute heart failure, by mediating its pharmacological mechanism. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of ARNIs on the pharmacological effects of hANP by using surrogate marker, such as urinary output, in patients with heart failure. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, adult patients with heart failure who were taking angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) or ARNIs combined with hANP were enrolled. Information on basic characteristics, clinical laboratory data, medical history, and severity of cardiac insufficiency were collected from electronic medical records. The primary outcome was the change in adjusted fluid balance, calculated by IN-volume (mL/day) – OUT-volume (mL/day) / daily hANP dosage (μg). Results: Ninety-two and 62 patients in the ARB + hANP and ARNI + hANP groups, respectively, were eligible for analysis. The adjusted fluid balance in the ARNI + hANP group was significantly lower than that in the ARB + hANP group (p = 0.001). After propensity score matching, 27 patients from each group were included. Similarly, there was a significant reduction in adjusted fluid balance in the ARNI + hANP group after propensity score matching (p = 0.026). Conclusions: These findings suggest that ARNIs may enhance the efficacy of hANP and the combination of the two may be effective in the treatment of heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), a novel adiposity index, and kidney stone (KS). Methods: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018. According to the history of KS, participants were divided into the non-stone group and the stone group. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between WWI and KS in unadjusted, partially adjusted, and all-adjusted models. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis assessed the association between continuous WWI and KS risk and obtained the risk function inflection point. Then, subgroup analysis based on the risk function inflection point was conducted to dissect the association in specific subgroups. In addition, the above analyst methods were repeatedly performed in populations after propensity score matching (PSM). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to compare the ability to predict KS occurrence among WWI, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and body mass index (BMI). Results: Weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses found a positive association between continuous WWI and KS risk in the all-adjusted model [odds ratio (OR) = 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.04; P < 0.001]. In further analysis, the Q4 WWI group was linked to the highest KS risk when compared to the Q1–Q3 group (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.05–1.08, P < 0.001). RCS analysis found a linear significant correlation between continuous WWI and KS risk, and the risk function inflection point is 11.08 cm/√kg. Subgroup analysis confirmed that WWI was associated with KS risk in different groups. After PSM, increased WWI was still related to a high risk of KS. Moreover, the ROC curve demonstrated that WWI has a higher predictive ability of KS occurrence than VAI and BMI (area under curve, 0.612 vs. 0.581 vs. 0.569). Conclusion: In the US adult population, elevated WWI value was associated with an increased risk of KS. Furthermore, WWI was a better predictor of KS occurrence than VAI and BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of GP and TPF sequential chemotherapy regimens in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). Methods: From 2005 to 2016, a total of 408 LA-NPC patients treated with GP or TPF sequential chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively included. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was employed to balance the baseline variables. Survival outcomes and acute toxicities were compared between both groups. Results: A total of 230 patients were selected by 1:1 PSM. At a median follow-up of 91 months, no significant differences were observed between the matched GP and TPF groups regarding 5-year overall survival, progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and locoregionally relapse-free survival (83.4% vs. 83.4%, P = 0.796; 75.6% vs. 68.6%, P = 0.301; 86.7% vs. 81.1%, P = 0.096; and 87.4% vs. 87.2%, P = 0.721). Notable disparities in adverse effects were identified, with higher incidences of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in the GP group while grade 3/4 leukopenia and neutropenia in the TPF group. Though not recorded in our cohort, combined with the FAERS database, thrombotic adverse reactions are a concern for the GP regimen, while the TPF regimen requires vigilance for life-threatening adverse reactions such as septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and laryngeal edema. Conclusion: No significant difference in long-term outcomes was observed between the GP and TPF sequential chemotherapy regimens for LA-NPC. Differences in adverse effects should be noted when choosing the regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive steno-occlusive changes in the internal carotid arteries, leading to an abnormal vascular network. Hypertension is prevalent among MMD patients, raising concerns about its impact on disease outcomes. This study aims to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of MMD patients with and without hypertension. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective study involving 598 MMD patients who underwent surgical revascularization across 13 academic institutions in North America. Patients were categorized into hypertensive (n=292) and non-hypertensive (n=306) cohorts. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust for baseline differences. Results: The mean age was higher in the hypertension group (46 years vs. 36.8 years, p < 0.001). Hypertensive patients had higher rates of diabetes mellitus (45.2% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001) and smoking (48.8% vs. 27.1%, p < 0.001). Symptomatic stroke rates were higher in the hypertension group (16% vs. 7.1%; OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.39-4.40, p = 0.002) before matching. After PSM, there were no significant differences in symptomatic stroke rates (11.1% vs. 7.7%; OR: 1.5; CI: 0.64-3.47, p = 0.34), perioperative strokes (6.2% vs. 2.1%; OR 3.13; 95% CI: 0.83-11.82, p = 0.09), or good functional outcomes at discharge (93% vs. 92.3%; OR 1.1; 95% CI: 0.45-2.69, p = 0.82). Conclusion: No significant differences in symptomatic stroke rates, perioperative strokes, or functional outcomes were observed between hypertensive and non-hypertensive Moyamoya patients. Appropriate management can lead to similar outcomes in both groups. Further prospective studies are required to validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the high-risk factors affecting the prognosis of pT1 − 2N1M0 patients after mastectomy, establish a nomogram prediction model, and screen the radiotherapy benefit population. Method: The clinical data of 936 patients with pT1 − 2N1M0 who underwent mastectomy in the fourth hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2010 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 583 patients received postmastectomy radiotherapy(PMRT), and 325 patients without PMRT. Group imbalances were mitigated using the propensity score matching (PSM) method, and the log-rank test was employed to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between the cohorts. The efficacy of PMRT across various risk groups was evaluated using a nomogram model. Result: The median follow-up period was 98 months, Patients who received PMRT demonstrated significantly improved 5-year and 8-year OS and DFS compared to those who did not (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, primary tumor site, positive lymph node, stage, and Ki-67 level independently influenced OS, while age, primary tumor site, and stage independently affected DFS. PMRT drastically enhanced OS in the high-risk group (P = 0.001), but did not confer benefits in the low-risk and intermediate risk groups (P = 0.057, P = 0.099). PMRT led to a significant improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) among patients in the intermediate and high-risk groups (P = 0.036, P = 0.001), whereas the low-risk group did not experience a significant benefit (P = 0.475). Conclusion: Age ≤ 40 years, tumor located in the inner quadrant or central area, T2 stage, 2–3 lymph nodes metastasis, and Ki67 > 30% were the high-risk factors affecting the prognosis of this cohort of patients. In OS nomogram, patients with a risk score of 149 or higher who received PMRT exhibited improved OS. Similarly, in DFS nomogram, patients with a risk score of 123 or higher who received PMRT demonstrated enhanced DFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is one of the most important early onset symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. Previous studies consistently reported that SCD is associated with quality of life, socio-economic factors, and related health comorbidities. However, the impact of veteran status on SCD has been little investigated. This study conducted a cross-sectional study to address disproportionate effects in subjective cognitive decline between veterans and non-veterans in the United States. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied in this observational study to achieve covariate balancing and reduce selection bias, providing a more accurate estimate of the isolated effect of veteran status on SCD. Our study utilized 32,431 forty-five years or older non-institutionalized White, Black or African-American, and Hispanic or Latin-American male population from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. We first identified 10,685 paired PSM samples for the binary veteran status using the preselected covariates. Next, we performed a logistic regression for modeling the relationship between the veteran status and the SCD status using the PSM samples along with the covariates selected by a BIC-based stepwise selection. Our analyses revealed a statistically significant causal association between veteran status and SCD after PSM (odds ratio (OR): 1.16 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.27). We obtained a similar result before PSM with an OR of 1.20 and 95% CI of 1.10–1.31. When we focused on a minority group (Black or African-American males), we found a significantly increased veterans' risk of SCD, especially after propensity score matching (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.16–2.45). We also found several factors such as employment status, difficulty dressing/walking/running errands, general health status, physical health status, unaffordability of medical costs, mental health status, and comorbid conditions including stroke, blindness, high cholesterol, and arthritis as statistically significantly associated with SCD (P-value < 0.05). Similar to post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury, our study demonstrated a causal association between SCD and military-related activities in the United States, which has a disproportionate impact on the minority population. This study sets the groundwork to further research in this domain to diagnose neurological diseases early among veterans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the necessity of radiotherapy (RT) for hormone receptor-negative older breast cancer patients after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) was investigated. The data of hormone receptor-negative invasive breast cancer patients who underwent BCS were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2015. All patients were separated into two groups, namely, the RT group and the no radiotherapy (No RT) group. The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates were compared between the No RT and RT groups after propensity score matching (PSM). The nomograms for predicting the survival of patients were constructed from variables identified by univariate or multivariate Cox regression analysis. A total of 2504 patients were enrolled in the training cohort, and 630 patients were included in the validation cohort. After PSM, 738 patients were enrolled in the No RT group and RT group. We noted that RT can improve survival in hormone receptor-negative older breast cancer patients who undergo BCS. Based on the results of multivariate Cox analysis, age, race, tumour grade, receipt of RT and chemotherapy, pathological T stage, N status, M status and HER2 status were linked to OS and CSS for these patients, and nomograms for predicting OS and CSS were constructed and validated. Moreover, RT improved OS and CSS in hormone receptor-negative older breast cancer patients who underwent BCS. In addition, the proposed nomograms more accurately predicted OS and CSS for hormone receptor-negative older breast cancer patients after BCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma can be treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) delivered by low climate impact inhalers (dry powder inhalers) or high climate impact inhalers (pressurized metered-dose inhalers containing potent greenhouse gasses). ICS delivered with greenhouse gasses is prescribed ubiquitously and frequent despite limited evidence of superior effect. Our aim was to examine the beneficial and harmful events of ICS delivered by low and high climate impact inhalers in patients with asthma and COPD. Methods: Nationwide retrospective cohort study of Danish outpatients with asthma and COPD treated with ICS delivered by low and high climate impact inhalers. Patients were propensity score matched by the following variables; age, gender, tobacco exposure, exacerbations, dyspnoea, body mass index, pulmonary function, ICS dose and entry year. The primary outcome was a composite of hospitalisation with exacerbations and all-cause mortality analysed by Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Of the 10,947 patients with asthma and COPD who collected ICS by low or high climate impact inhalers, 2,535 + 2,535 patients were propensity score matched to form the population for the primary analysis. We found no association between high climate impact inhalers and risk of exacerbations requiring hospitalization and all-cause mortality (HR 1.02, CI 0.92–1.12, p = 0.77), nor on pneumonia, exacerbations requiring hospitalization, all-cause mortality, or all-cause admissions. Delivery with high climate impact inhalers was associated with a slightly increased risk of exacerbations not requiring hospitalization (HR 1.10, CI 1.01–1.21, p = 0.03). Even with low lung function there was no sign of a superior effect of high climate impact inhalers. Conclusion: Low climate impact inhalers were not inferior to high climate impact inhalers for any risk analysed in patients with asthma and COPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are significant sex differences in the incidence of stroke or diabetes mellitus. However, little is known about sex differences in stroke rehospitalization among diabetic patients. Object: To explore the sex differences in short-term and long-term rehospitalization of ischemic stroke patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2017 to 2021. The rehospitalization events of ischemic stroke patients with diabetes mellitus were identified by the national unified Electronic Health Record. Propensity score matching was applied to adjust for multiple covariates, and LASSO regression was used to screen for independent variables. Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to analyze the different sex in short-term (90 days, 1 year) and long-term (5 years) rehospitalization in ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Result: A total of 10,724 ischemic stroke patients were included in this study, of whom 5,952 (55.5%) were males. After a 1:1 propensity score matching, there were 3,460 males and 2,772 females. After adjusting for confounding factors, female patients with type 2 diabetes had an increased risk of ischemic stroke rehospitalization at 90 days (HR: 1.94, 95%CI: 1.13–3.33, P < 0.05), 1 year (HR: 1.65, 95%CI:1.22–2.23, P = 0.001), and 5 years (HR: 1.58, 95%CI: 1.26–1.97, P < 0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between male patients with type 2 diabetes and the risk of ischemic stroke rehospitalization, either in the short or long term. Conclusion: Females with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of ischemic stroke rehospitalization in both the short-term and long-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a dependable indicator of insulin resistance, has been identified as a valid marker regarding multiple cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the correlation of TyG index with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMICS) remains uncertain. Our study aims for elucidating this relationship by comprehensively analyzing two large-scale cohorts. Methods: Utilizing records from the eICU Collaborative Research Database and the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV, the link between TyG and the incidence and prognosis of AMICS was assessed multicentrally and retrospectively by logistic and correlation models, as well as restricted cubic spline (RCS). Propensity score matching (PSM), inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), and overlap weighting (OW) were employed to balance the potential confounders. Subgroup analyses were performed according to potential modifiers. Results: Overall, 5208 AMI patients, consisting of 375 developing CS were finally included. The TyG index exhibited an apparently higher level in AMI populations developing CS than in those who did not experienced CS [9.2 (8.8–9.7) vs. 9.0 (8.5–9.5)], with a moderate discrimination ability to recognize AMICS from the general AMI (AUC: 0.604). Logistic analyses showed that the TyG index was significantly correlated with in-hospital and ICU mortality. RCS analysis demonstrated a linear link between elevated TyG and increased risks regarding in-hospital and ICU mortality in the AMICS population. An increased mortality risk remains evident in PSM-, OW- and IPTW-adjusted populations with higher TyG index who have undergone CS. Correlation analyses demonstrated an apparent link between TyG index and APS score. Subgroup analyses presented a stable link between elevated TyG and mortality particularly in older age, females, those who are overweight or hypertensive, as well as those without diabetes. Conclusions: Elevated TyG index was related to the incidence of CS following AMI and higher mortality risks in the population with AMICS. Our findings pointed a previously undisclosed role of TyG index in regard to AMICS that still requires further validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numerous studies have compared the efficacy of ustekinumab (UST) and anti-TNF agents [infliximab (IFX) or adalimumab(ADA)] in moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD) patients. This study aims to compare the efficacy of UST, IFX, and ADA while differentiating between bio-naïve and bio-experienced patients, which is an underexplored aspect, particularly in Asia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multi-center study from 2012 to 2023, categorizing patients into bio-naïve and bio-experienced groups. We evaluated clinical remission rates after induction therapy and clinical outcomes, including CD-related hospitalization, intestinal resection, and drug discontinuation during maintenance therapy. Results: Among the 214 bio-naïve CD patients, 60 received UST, 108 received IFX, and 46 received ADA. After 1:1 propensity score matching between UST and anti-TNF agents groups, 59 patients were analyzed in each group (45 in the IFX group and 14 in the ADA group). We found no significant differences in clinical remission rates (P = 0.071), CD-related hospitalization (P = 0.800), intestinal resection (P = 0.390), or drug discontinuation (P = 0.052) between the UST, IFX, and ADA groups in bio-naïve CD patients. In bio-experienced CD patients, with 35 in the UST group and 13 in the anti-TNF agents group, the UST group showed a lower risk of drug discontinuation (P = 0.004) than the anti-TNF agents group. Conclusions: This study suggests that UST, IFX, and ADA are equally effective in bio-naïve CD patients, while in bio-experienced patients, mostly with previous exposure to anti-TNF agents, UST may offer superior drug durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although kidney transplantation from living donors (LD) offers better long-term results than from deceased donors (DD), elderly recipients are less likely to receive LD transplants than younger ones. We analyzed renal transplant outcomes from LD versus DD in elderly recipients with a propensity-matched score. This retrospective, observational study included the first single kidney transplants in recipients aged =65 years from two European registry cohorts (2013-2020, n = 4,257). Recipients of LD (n = 408), brain death donors (BDD, n = 3,072), and controlled cardiocirculatory death donors (cDCD, n = 777) were matched for donor and recipient age, sex, dialysis time and recipient diabetes. Major graft and patient outcomes were investigated. Unmatched analyses showed that LD recipients were more likely to be transplanted preemptively and had shorter dialysis times than any DD type. The propensity score matched Cox's regression analysis between LD and BDD (387-pairs) and LD and cDCD (259-pairs) revealing a higher hazard ratio for graft failure with BDD (2.19 [95% CI: 1.16-4.15], p = 0.016) and cDCD (3.38 [95% CI: 1.79-6.39], p < 0.001). One-year eGFR was higher in LD transplants than in BDD and cDCD recipients. In elderly recipients, LD transplantation offers superior graft survival and renal function compared to BDD or cDCD. This strategy should be further promoted to improve transplant outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusions Real‐world data (RWD) for paliperidone palmitate (PP) three‐monthly (PP3M) is lacking based on Japan label requirements. This study evaluated the clinical effectiveness of PP3M versus PP once‐monthly (PP1M) in patients with schizophrenia administered according to Japan label requirements.Retrospective analyses were conducted using RWD from Merative™ MarketScan® Multi‐State Medicaid (MDCD) claims database (June 2015–December 2022). Adult patients with schizophrenia switching from PP1M to PP3M were included. Patients transitioning to PP3M were matched with patients who continued with PP1M using propensity score matching (PSM) at 1:1 ratio. Primary hypothesis aimed to investigate non‐inferiority of PP3M versus PP1M in terms of relapse‐free status at 24 months from index PP injection. Outcome measures were proportions of relapse‐free patients at 24 months, time to relapse, treatment persistence, and adherence.Total 4252 eligible adult schizophrenia patients on PP (PP3M:582; PP1M:3670) were identified. After PSM, each PP cohort comprised 562 matched individuals. Estimated proportion of relapse‐free patients was higher in PP3M (85.7%) versus PP1M (77.9%), per Japan PP label. PP3M demonstrated superiority to PP1M after testing for non‐inferiority in terms of achieving relapse‐free status at 24 months, with an estimated difference of 7.8% (95% CI: 1.7%–13.9%). PP3M cohort had lower risk of relapse (HR: 0.605; CI: 0.427–0.856), longer treatment persistence, and higher treatment adherence versus PP1M cohort.Findings suggests that patients who switched to PP3M might be able to reduce risk of relapse compared to those who continued PP1M after aligning particularly with Japan's label requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion The aim of this study was to identify survival rates and potential prognostic factors of ovarian squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), offering valuable insights for clinical decision making.Leveraging the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we selected 11 078 serous carcinoma (SC) patients and 198 OSCC patients based on predetermined criteria diagnosed from 2000 to 2020. We compared the overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) before and after propensity score matching (PSM) in two groups. Prognostic differences were also compared between OSCC and SC groups at different stages. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate the impact of clinical and pathologic variables on the survival of patients with OSCC. Finally, we developed and validated a nomogram predictive model.OSCC tumors exhibited distinct characteristics, being relatively larger, more frequently unilateral, and better differentiated than SC tumors. After PSM, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly lower survival rates for OSCC patients in Stages IIB–IV, while Stages IA–IC displayed comparable survival. Independent risk factors for OSCC patients included advanced age, single marital status, higher tumor stage, and increased tumor size. Conversely, higher median household income and chemotherapy emerged as independent protective factors. Our predictive model and nomogram accurately forecasted patient survival rates in both SEER and internal validation datasets.OSCC patients face significantly poorer prognosis than their SC counterparts, except in the very early stages. Higher median household income was associated with better OSCC survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance Objective Design, Setting and Participants Exposures Main Outcomes and Measures Results Conclusion and Relevance Diabetes increases the risk of Parkinson disease (PD). Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a new glucose‐lowering therapeutic class, have shown neuroprotective effects in mechanistic studies. However, the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and PD risk in real‐world populations with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear.The aim was to assess the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and the risk of PD in older populations with T2D.This retrospective cohort analysis used Medicare claims data from 2016 to 2020 to identify fee‐for‐service beneficiaries ≥65 years diagnosed with T2D and without pre‐existing PD.The initiation of an SGLT2 inhibitor was compared with that of a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) inhibitor.The outcome was the first incident PD ever since the date initiating either an SGLT2 inhibitor or a DPP4 inhibitor. We employed a 1:1 propensity score matching to balance the baseline covariates between treatment groups, including sociodemographics, comorbidities and co‐medications. We applied Cox regression models to assess the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors versus DPP4 inhibitors on incident PD.Of 89 330 eligible Medicare beneficiaries (mean age: 75 ± 7 years, 52% women), 0.6% (n = 537) had incident PD over the follow‐up. After 1:1 propensity matching, the PD incidence was 2.5 and 3.5 events per 1000 person‐years in the SGLT2 inhibitor group and DPP4 inhibitor group, respectively. The SGLT2 inhibitor group was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident PD than the DPP4 inhibitor group (hazard ratio: 0.70 [95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.89]). There is a potential trend that the risk reduction in incident PD was profound in non‐Hispanic Black individuals and insulin users.Compared to DPP4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a significantly lower risk of incident PD in older populations with T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adjuvant therapy for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) after radical resection lacks evidence‐based data and remains controversial. This study aimed to validate whether long‐acting octreotide is a potential candidate for adjuvant therapy in patients with G2 PanNETs at high recurrence risk by clustering real‐world data. A retrospective review of patients with nonmetastatic grade 2 PanNETs who underwent radical resection at six research centers between 2008 and 2020 was conducted. Propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weight analysis were used to control confounding factors. Overall, 357 patients (octreotide group, n = 82; control group, n = 275) were analyzed. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses showed that the octreotide group had longer disease‐free survival (DFS) compared with the control group (36 months: 93.3% vs. 79.0%, p = .0124; 60 months: 71% vs. 67.6%, p = .0596, respectively), as well as overall survival (OS) (60 months: 98% vs. 83.8%, p = .0117, respectively). Multivariate analyses indicated that octreotide long‐acting repeatable (LAR) adjuvant therapy was associated with higher OS (p = .0270) at 60 months. Propensity score matching analysis showed that octreotide adjuvant therapy was associated with higher DFS (p = .0455) and OS (p = .0190) at 60 months. Similar results were obtained via inverse probability of treatment weight analysis. Subgroup analysis indicated that octreotide LAR was associated with a high DFS in patients with lymph node metastasis or Ki‐67 <10% PanNETs. Adjuvant therapy with long‐acting octreotide following radical resection of nonmetastatic G2 PanNETs may be associated with improved DFS and OS in a real‐world setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background Aims Methods Results Conclusions Optimal glycaemic control has well‐established health benefits in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is uncertain whether optimal glycaemic control can benefit liver‐related outcomes.To examine the association of optimal glycaemic control with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver‐related mortality.In a population‐based cohort, we identified patients with newly diagnosed DM between 2001 and 2016 in Hong Kong. Optimal glycaemic control was defined as mean haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <7% during the 3‐year lead‐in period after DM diagnosis. By applying propensity score matching to balance covariates, we analysed glycaemic control via competing risk models with outcomes of interest being HCC and liver‐related mortality.We identified 146,430 patients (52.2% males, mean age 61.4 ± 11.8 years). During a median follow‐up duration of 7.0 years, 1099 (0.8%) and 978 (0.7%) patients developed HCC and liver‐related deaths. Optimal glycaemic control, when compared to suboptimal glycaemic control, was associated with reduced risk of HCC (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 0.70, 95% CI 0.61–0.79). The risk of HCC increased with incremental HbA1c increases beyond >7% (SHR 1.29–1.71). Significant associations with HCC were also found irrespective of age (SHR 0.54–0.80), sex (SHR 0.68–0.69), BMI <25 or ≥25 kg/m2 (SHR 0.63–0.75), smoking (SHR 0.61–0.72), hepatic steatosis (SHR 0.67–0.68) and aspirin/statin/metformin use (SHR 0.67–0.75). A lower risk of liver‐related mortality in relation to optimal glycaemic control was also observed (SHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.61–0.80).Glycaemic control is an independent risk factor for HCC and liver‐related mortality, and should be incorporated into oncoprotective strategies in the general DM population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on tacrolimus blood concentrations in renal transplant recipients with different CYP3A5 genotypes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included renal transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive therapy with or without CCBs in combination. Patients were divided into combination and control groups based on whether or not they were combined with CCBs, and then further analyzed according to the type of CCBs (nifedipine/amlodipine/felodipine). Propensity score matching was conducted for the combination and the control groups using SPSS 22.0 software to reduce the impact of confounding factors. The effect of different CCBs on tacrolimus blood concentrations was evaluated, and subgroup analysis was performed according to the patients' CYP3A5 genotypes to explore the role of CYP3A5 genotypes in drug-drug interactions between tacrolimus and CCBs. Results: A total of 164 patients combined with CCBs were included in the combination groups. After propensity score matching, 83 patients with nifedipine were matched 1:1 with the control group, 63 patients with felodipine were matched 1:2 with 126 controls, and 18 patients with amlodipine were matched 1:3 with 54 controls. Compared with the controls, the three CCBs increased the dose-adjusted trough concentration (C0/D) levels of tacrolimus by 41.61%-45.57% (P < 0.001). For both CYP3A5 expressers (CYP3A5*1*1 or CYP3A5*1*3) and non-expressers (CYP3A5*3*3), there were significant differences in tacrolimus C0/D between patients using felodipine/nifedipine and those without CCBs (P < 0.001). However, among CYP3A5 nonexpressers, C0/D values of tacrolimus were significantly higher in patients combined with amlodipine compared to the controls (P = 0.001), while for CYP3A5 expressers, the difference in tacrolimus C0/D values between patients with amlodipine and without was not statistically significant (P = 0.065). Conclusion: CCBs (felodipine/nifedipine/amlodipine) can affect tacrolimus blood concentration levels by inhibiting its metabolism. The CYP3A5 genotype may play a role in the drug interaction between tacrolimus and amlodipine. Therefore, genetic testing for tacrolimus and therapeutic drug monitoring are needed when renal transplant recipients are concurrently using CCBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of paternal age > 40 years on clinical pregnancy and perinatal outcomes among patients undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment. Methods: We selected 75 male patients (aged > 40 years) based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Propensity score matching was performed in a 1:3 ratio, resulting in a control group (aged = 40 years) of 225 individuals. Various statistical tests, including the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and binary logistic regression, were used to analyze the association between paternal age and clinical outcomes. Results: We found no statistically significant differences in semen routine parameters, clinical pregnancy outcomes, and perinatal outcomes between paternal aged > 40 and = 40 years. However, in the subgroup analysis, the live birth rate significantly decreased in those aged = 45 compared to those aged 41-42 and 43-44 years (31.25% vs. 69.23% and 65%, respectively; all p < 0.05). Additionally, the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly lower among those aged = 45 than among those aged 41-42 (43.75% vs. 74.36%; p=0.035). Conclusion: Paternal age = 45 years was associated with lower live birth and clinical pregnancy rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With advancements in burn treatment and intensive care leading to decreased mortality rates, a growing cohort of burn survivors is emerging. These individuals may be susceptible to frailty, characterized by reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors commonly associated with aging, which significantly complicates their recovery process. To date, no study has investigated burns as a potential risk factor for frailty. This study aimed to determine the short-term prevalence of frailty among burn survivors' months after injury and compare it with that of the general population. Methods: A post hoc analysis was conducted on the Randomized Trial of Enteral Glutamine to Minimize the Effects of Burn Injury (RE-ENERGIZE) trial, an international randomized-controlled trial involving 1200 burn injury patients with partial- or full-thickness burns. Participants who did not complete the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire were excluded. Data for the general population were obtained from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Frailty was assessed using the FRAIL (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, Loss of weight) scale. Due to lack of data on loss of weight, for the purposes of this study, malnutrition was used as the fifth variable. Illness and malnutrition were based on admission data, while fatigue, resistance, and ambulation were determined from post-discharge responses to the SF-36. The burn cohort and general population groups were matched using propensity score matching and compared in terms of frailty status. Within the burn group, patients were divided into different subgroups based on their frailty status, and the differences in their (instrumental) activities of daily living (iADL and ADL) were compared. A multivariable analysis was performed within the burn cohort to identify factors predisposing to frailty as well as compromised iADL and ADL. Results: Out of the 1200 burn patients involved in the study, 600 completed the required questionnaires [follow-up time: (5.5 ± 2.3) months] and were matched to 1200 adults from the general population in the U.S. In comparison to the general population, burn patients exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of being pre-frail (42.3% vs. 19.8%, P < 0.0001), or frail (13.0% vs. 1.0%, P < 0.0001). When focusing on specific components, burn patients were more prone to experiencing fatigue (25.8% vs. 13.5%, P < 0.0001), limited resistance (34.0% vs. 2.7%, P < 0.0001), and restricted ambulation (41.8% vs. 3.8%, P < 0.0001). Conversely, the incidence rate of illness was observed to be higher in the general population (1.2% vs. 2.8%, P = 0.03), while no significant difference was detected regarding malnutrition (2.3% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.75). Furthermore, in comparison with robust burn patients, it was significantly more likely for pre-frail and frail patients to disclose compromise in ADL and iADL. The frail cohort reported the most pronounced limitation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a higher incidence of post-discharge frailty among burn survivors in the short-term following injury. Burn survivors experience compromised fatigue, resistance, and ambulation, while rates of illness and malnutrition were lower or unchanged, respectively. These results underscore the critical need for early identification of frailty after a burn injury, with timely and comprehensive involvement of a multidisciplinary team including burn and pain specialists, community physicians, physiotherapists, nutritionists, and social workers. This collaborative effort can ensure holistic care to address and mitigate frailty in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The necessity and therapeutic value of lymph node dissection (LND) in early stage T1 MTC patients remain controversial. Methods: Patients with T1MTC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Poisson regression analysis was utilized to investigate promotive factors for lymph node metastasis in T1MTC patients. Fisher's exact test was employed to calculate baseline differences between non-LND and LND groups. Propensity score match (PSM) was used to control baseline bias. Survival outcomes were calculated by KaplanMeier method and log-rank test. Multivariable Cox regression assessed the prognostic impact of LND across subgroups. Results: Of 3298 MTC cases, 50.4% were T1MTC. The lymph node metastasis rate increased along with the T stage (from 22.2% to 90.5%). Among 1231 T1MTC patients included after exclusion criteria, 72.0% underwent LND and 22.0% had lymph node metastasis. Patients aged younger than 44 years (RR=1.700, p<0.001), male (RR=1.832, p<0.001), and with tumor larger than 10mm (RR=2.361, p<0.001) were more likely to have lymph node metastasis, while elderly patients (p<0.001) and those with microcarcinoma (p<0.001) were more likely to undergo non-LND procedures. LND provided no OS or DSS benefit over non-LND before and after propensity score match (matched 10-year OS/DSS: LND 83.8/96.2% vs non-LND 81.9/99.3%, p>0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed no prognostic gain with LND in any subgroup (p>0.05). Conclusion: Nearly half of MTC patients were diagnosed at T1 stage and had low lymph node risk. Different from ATA guidelines, avoiding routine LND conferred similar prognosis to standard procedures while potentially improving quality of life. Large-scale prospective multi-center studies should be conducted to further validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate whether using Zishen Yutai Pills (ZYP) following embryo transfer would affect the live birth rate in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 15044 FET cycles in the Reproductive Medicine Center of The Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2013 to December 2020. Patients who used Zishen Yutai Pills were defined as Zishen Yutai Pills Group (ZYP, n=2735), while patients who did not use them were defined as Non- Zishen Yutai Pills Group (Non-ZYP, n=12309). The propensity score matching method was used to control for potential confounders between the two groups, and logistic regression analysis was also used to assess whether using ZYP would affect the live birth rate. Results: After propensity score matching, basic characteristics were similar between the two groups. Using ZYP did not increase the pregnancy rate (51.5% vs. 52.7%, P=0.372), and live birth rate (43.0% vs. 44.7%, P=0.354). This was also confirmed by the logistic regression analysis results (OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.85- 1.06). In the subgroup analysis of the endometrial preparation protocols, however, it was found that the use of ZYP in patients with natural cycles increased the live birth rate (47.4% vs. 41.5%, P=0.004). A significant interaction between endometrial preparation and ZYP was found (OR=1.38, 95%CI=1.07- 1.79) in the multivariate model. Conclusion: The use of ZYP may not improve the live birth rate of unselected patients in FET cycles. However, a future study is needed on the effect of ZYP in natural cycles for endometrial preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of different single and combined preadmission antihypertensive drug regimens on the prognosis of critically ill patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database. All initial ICU admission records of patients with hypertension and previous antihypertensive exposure before ICU admission were included. Our primary outcome was 90-day mortality. Propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were used to balance the distribution of baseline characteristics. Logistic regression analysis and subgroup analysis were performed to determine the independent effect of different single and combined antihypertensive drug regimens on 90-day mortality. Results: A total of 13,142 patients were included in the final analysis. The 90-day mortality rate in the combined groups is lower than that in the single therapy group (10.94% vs 11.12%), but no statistical significance was found in the original cohort (p = 0.742). After adjustment for potential confounders, the significantly decreased 90-day mortality rate was found in the combined groups (10.78% vs 12.65%, p = 0.004 in PSM; 10.34% vs 11.90%, p = 0.007). Patients who were exposed to either ACEIs or ARBs had a better prognosis than those not exposed (7.19% vs 17.08%, p < 0.001 in single antihypertensive groups; 8.14% vs18.91%, p < 0.001 in combined antihypertensive groups). The results keep robustness in the PSM and IPTW cohorts. In the logistic regression model analysis, combined therapy was associated with a 12%-20% reduced risk of 90-day death after adjusting potential confounders (OR 0.80-0.88, all p < 0.05), while exposure to ACEIs or ARBs was associated with the decreased risk of 90-day death by 52%-62% (OR 0.38-0.48, all p < 0.001) and 40%-62% (OR 0.38-0.60, all p < 0.001) in the single and combined therapy groups, respectively. The results were still robust to subgroup analysis. Conclusions: Pre-admission combined antihypertensive therapy is associated with a significantly lower risk of death than exposure to single antihypertensives in critically ill patients. Meanwhile, either ACEIs or ARBs seem to be the optimal candidates for both single and combined therapy. Further high-quality trials are needed to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Hearing loss, affecting a significant portion of the global population, is prevented with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonism. Understanding potential protective treatments is crucial for public health. We examine the effect of telmisartan, an antihypertensive drug and partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist, on hearing loss in patients with hypertension. Method and results: This retrospective cohort analysis used data from the OMOP Common Data Model database, encompassing information from three tertiary institutions in South Korea. The study included a substantial sample size of 860,103 people diagnosed with hypertension. The study included individuals who had been medically diagnosed with hypertension and had been prescribed antihypertensive drugs, including telmisartan. The study design was established to evaluate the comparative effects of telmisartan and other hypertension medications on hearing loss. We used propensity score matching (PSM) to create a balanced cohort, reducing potential biases between the telmisartan and non-telmisartan groups. Fromthe initial 860,103 patients with hypertension, a propensity score matched cohort was derived from 20,010 patients, with 2,193 in the telmisartan group. After PSM, lower incidence of total hearing loss was observed in the telmisartan group compared to the non-telmisartan group during the 3-year follow-up (0.5% vs. 1.5%, log-rank p = 0.005). In subgroup analysis, this study showed consistent results that lower incidence of total hearing loss was higher in the telmisartan group than in the non-telmisartan group. Conclusion: Telmisartan was associated with reducing certain types of hearing loss in patients with hypertension. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and understand the mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although COVID-19 infection is an immunosuppressant disease, many immunosuppressant agents, such as pulse methylprednisolone (PMP), dexamethasone (DXM), and tocilizumab (TCZ), were used during the pandemic. Secondary infections in patients with COVID-19 have been reported recently. This study investigated these agents' effects on secondary infections and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units (ICUs). This study was designed retrospectively, and all data were collected from the tertiary intensive care units of six hospitals between March 2020 and October 2021. All patients were divided into three groups: Group I [GI, PMP (−), DXM (−) and TCZ (−)], Group II [GII, PMP (+), DXM (+)], and Group III [GIII, PMP (+), DXM (+), TCZ (+)]. Demographic data, PaO/FiO2 ratio, laboratory parameters, culture results, and outcomes were recorded. To compare GI-GII and GI-GIII, propensity score matching (PSM) was used by matching 14 parameters. Four hundred twelve patients with COVID-19 in the ICU were included in the study. The number of patients with microorganisms ≥ 2 was 279 (67.7%). After PSM, in GII and GIII, the number of (+) tracheal cultures and (+) bloodstream cultures detected different microorganisms ≥ 2 during the ICU period, neuropathy, tracheotomized patients, duration of IMV, and length of ICU stay were significantly higher than GI. The mortality rate was similar in GI and GII, whereas it was significantly higher in GIII than in GI. The use of immunosuppressant agents in COVID-19 patients may lead to an increase in secondary infections. In addition, increased secondary infections may lead to prolonged ICU stay, prolonged IMV duration, and increased mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of a low-profile visualized intraluminal support stent (LVIS) and Enterprise in the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms is well established. Although previous studies have investigated one single type of stent for the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIA), the safety and efficacy between the two types of stents has not been fully explored. Herein we conducted a study to compare the outcomes of the two stents for treatment of RIA. This is a prospective registry database of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients admitted to a single institution between 2018 and 2021. We collected patient baseline information, secondary complications, follow-up angiographic data, long-term prognostic outcomes, and conducted propensity score matching (PSM) analysis with 1:1 ratio and a multivariable logistic regression to compare the outcomes of the two types of stents. A total of 231 patients with RIAs were included in this study, with 108 treated using the LVIS device and 123 treated using the Enterprise device. Before PSM analysis, only the incidence of poor prognosis after 12 months was higher in the Enterprise group comparing to the LVIS group (20% vs. 10%, P = 0.049). After PSM analysis, there was a higher occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in the Enterprise group compared to the LVIS group (odds ratio [OR] 3.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.20–13.01], P = 0.024). However, no significant difference in prognosis was observed after PSM adjustment. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that patients with female (P = 0.019), hypertension (P = 0.048), and anterior circulation aneurysms (P = 0.019) receiving the Enterprise device had a higher risk of DCI. The overall efficacy of LVIS and Enterprise in the treatment of RIA is comparable, while the incidence of DCI in the LVIS group is lower than that in the Enterprise group after PSM analysis. Registration number: NCT05738083 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Limited evidence exists to support any specific medication over others to prevent dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated whether treatment with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors is associated with a lower risk of incident dementia and all‐cause mortality, relative to dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA).In this retrospective, active‐comparator cohort study, we used data from the TriNetX electronic health records network. Our primary cohort comprised patients with T2D aged ≥50 years, registered between January 2012 and December 2022. Patients with a history of dementia were excluded. We used Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to estimate the incidence of dementia and all‐cause mortality in our cohort after they had used glucose‐lowering drugs for at least 12 months. Propensity score matching was performed to balance the SGLT‐2 inhibitor, DPP‐4 inhibitor and GLP‐1 RA cohorts. Subgroup analyses for sex and age were also conducted.Our first cohort comprised 193 948 patients treated with metformin and SGLT‐2 inhibitors and an equal number of patients treated with metformin and DPP‐4 inhibitors. In this cohort, the risk of dementia and all‐cause mortality was lower in patients treated with SGLT‐2 inhibitors than in those treated with DPP‐4 inhibitors (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59–0.65, for dementia; HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.52–0.56, for all‐cause mortality).Our second cohort comprised 165 566 patients treated with metformin and SGLT‐2 inhibitors and an equal number of patients treated with metformin and GLP‐1 RAs. In this cohort, the risk of dementia and all‐cause mortality was lower in those treated with SGLT‐2 inhibitors than in those treated with GLP‐1 RAs (HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.98, for dementia; HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85–0.91, for all‐cause mortality).The use of SGLT‐2 inhibitor was associated with a lower risk of incident dementia and all‐cause mortality in older adults with T2D compared to DPP‐4 inhibitor and GLP‐1 RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Patients with early‐stage lung cancer and interstitial lung disease have a poorer prognosis than those without interstitial lung disease. This study aimed to compare the long‐term outcomes of lobar and sublobar resections in these patients.We retrospectively analyzed 138 consecutive patients with clinical stage I non‐small cell lung cancer and interstitial lung disease who underwent surgical treatment at two institutions between January 2010 and December 2020. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to adjust for baseline characteristics.Thirty‐six patients underwent sublobar resection and 102 underwent lobar resection. The median follow‐up was 45.7 months. In all patients, 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 33.2% and 73.2%, and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates were 24.2% and 60.1% in the sublobar and lobar resection groups, respectively (p < 0.01, <0.01). Death due to lung cancer and locoregional recurrence were significantly more frequent in the sublobar resection group than in the lobar resection group (p = 0.034, <0.01, respectively). On propensity score matching analysis, the 5‐year OS rates of the 19 matched pairs were 46.3% and 73.2%, and the RFS rates were 31.6% and 67.6% in the sublobar and lobar resection groups, respectively (p = 0.036, <0.01). The Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated a significant association between lobar resection and improved survival (p = 0.047).The patients in the lobar resection group had better survival rates than those in the sublobar resection group. In terms of long‐term prognosis, deliberately limited surgery may not be necessary for patients who tolerate lobectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]