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The region of Northern Kosovo and Metohija is rich in wild-growing geophytes, many of which have potential for ornamental use. However, the knowledge about the distribution, abundance, and potential of these species for the horticultural indus try is limited. This study is based on our own re search conducted continuously in the region of the northern Kosovo and Metohija, from 2003 to 2023, as well as on a small number of relevant literature sources and floristic data. This study aimed to eval uate the ornamental potential of wild-growing geo phytes in the investigated area and to provide rec ommendations for their sustainable exploitation. The study recommends the protection of species covered by CITES convention and IUCN Red List of Threatened species. Using wild-growing geo phytes as ornamental plants can contribute to the conservation of biodiversity in the region while providing economic benefits through their commer cial cultivation.

Zeolite improves the structure of the soil and reduces acidity, which is of great significance for agricultural production that happens on soils with low pH values. It has shown exceptional results in improving soil characteristics, thus increasing the yield and quality of cultivated plants. The aim of our study was to determine the yield and some qualitative properties of numerous wheat varieties, depending on the mineral fertilizers and zeolites application. The experiments were performed in 2018/19 and 2019/20, in the area of Southern Serbia (Bojnik). The research involved 4 wheat varieties and 4 variants of fertilization, including mineral fertilizers and zeolite. The combination of mineral fertilizers and zeolites did not show noteworthy differences in the mass of 1000 grains when it comes to both varieties and fertilization variants. Hectolitre weight of grain was significantly higher on the variant with a combination of mineral fertilizers and zeolites than on the control variant. All fertilization variants had a significantly higher grain yield compared to the control variant. The variant on which the combination of mineral fertilizers and a higher dose of zeolite were applied achieved a significantly higher grain yield compared to the variant with mineral fertilizers. Varieties Pobeda and Nikol, with the application of mineral fertilizers and zeolite combination, achieved the highest yields. On acid soils, it is necessary to apply fertilizers and soil improvers so that the yields of cultivated plants will be satisfactory.

Wheat has high demands in terms of fertility and physical properties of the soil. The most successful cultivation is on fertile soils, where pH is 6.8-7.2. The soil is the basic substrate of plant rooting, and root growth depends on the depth of the layer, plant species, soil compaction, moisture, etc. The aim of this paper was to determine the yield of different varieties of wheat depending on the soil type and compaction. The trial was set during 2016/17. and 2017/18. in the territory of south Serbia (territory of Leskovac municipality), on two different types of soil (alluvium and vertisol). Four varieties of wheat were included in the experiment (Darija, Avenue, Carica and Sosthene). Compaction was measured after sowing and after harvest of wheat, with penetrometer Eijkelkamp hardware version 6.0, software version 6.03. The soil type and variety significantly influenced the average yield of wheat. Significantly higher average yields of all varieties of wheat were gained on the alluvium, related to the vertisol. Varieties Avenue and Sosthene had the highest average yields that were significantly higher than yields of varieties Daria and Carica, among which there were no significant differences. The higher soil compaction of the soil in the ploughing layer was on vertisol related to the alluvial soil. These data on average yields and soil compaction indicate the benefits of individual soil types for the wheat production.

The dry down rate of corn grain during maturation is influenced by a large number of environmental factors and properties of hybrids, and has a major effect on corn, reaching its full maturity. This is especially important for the timely soil tillage and planting of the next culture. The aim of this research was to determine the yield and dry down rate from corn grains depending on the hybrid and the sowing term, in the agro ecological conditions of South Serbia (Leskovac). For this purpose, an experiment was made during 2016 and 2017 on the territory of the municipality of Leskovac. Soil type was alluvium. The trial was planned according to the schedule of divided land plots, set up in three repetitions. This included 6 hybrids of different FAO maturity groups and three differing sowing terms. The results of the study show that the average content of water in the grain in physiological and technological maturity, at all the hybrids and sowing terms were in 2016 significantly lower than in 2017. The highest average yields in 2016 were achieved with hybrids of the FAO maturity group 600, in the 2nd and 3rd sowing term, while in 2017, the highest yields were recorded with hybrids of the FAO maturity group 500, during the 1st and 2nd sowing term. The average rate of dry down in 2016, in all hybrids, was the highest recorded in the 1st sowing term, and in the year 2017, in 2nd and 3rd sowing term. The most intense dry down rate period in both years, at the hybrids of the FAO maturity group 400 was in the second and third week of physiological maturity, while in FAO maturity hybrids groups 500 and 600 in the third and fourth week of physiological maturity., Brzina otpuštanja vode iz zrna kukuruza je posebno važna za raniju zriobu i pravovremenu obradu zemljišta za setvu naredne kulture. Cilj ovih istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi prinos i brzina otpuštanja vode iz zrna kukuruza u zavisnosti od hibrida i roka setve, u agroekološkim uslovima Juga Srbije (Leskovac). U tu svrhu postavljen je ogled tokom 2016. i 2017. godine na teritorije opštine Leskovac, na zemljištu tipa aluvijum. Ogled je bio postavljen po planu razdeljenih parcela u tri ponavljanja i uključivao je 6 hibrida različitih FAO grupa i tri roka. Prosečni sadržaj vode u zrnu u fiziološkoj i tehnološkoj zrelosti, kog svih hibrida i rokova setve u 2016. godini, bio je značajno manji nego u 2017. godini. Najveće prosečne prinose u 2016. godini imali su hibridi FAO grupe zrenja 600 i to u II i III roku setve, dok su u 2017. godini nejveće prinose ostvarili hibridi iz FAO grupe zrenja 500 i to u I i II roku setve. Prosečna brzina otpuštanja vode u 2016. godini, kod svih hibrida, bila je najveća u I roku setve, a u 2017. godini u II i III roku setve. Najintenzivniji period otpuštanja vode bio je od druge do četvrte nedelje od početka fiziološke zrelosti i razlikovao se u zavisnosti od FAO grupe zrenja. Ukoliko kukuruz gajimo u plodoredu sa pšenicom za preporuku, na ovom području, su hibridi iz FAO grupa zrenja 400 i 500. Ukoliko ga gajimo u plodoredu sa jarim kulturama poželjni su hibridi iz FAO grupe 600, posebno u povoljnim godinama.

This paper reports the chorological data on 3 internationally significant floristic species in Serbia, in the Ibar river valley, Kosovo and Metohija North. Those are: Gladiolus palustris Gaudin, Himantoglossum caprinum (M. Bieb) Spreng. and Narcissus poeticus subsp. radiiflorus (Salisb.) Baker. It also reports new research findings on a rare species of vascular flora of Serbia - Phlomoides tuberosa (L.) Moench. The distribution of the mentioned species is shown in UTM 10 km X 10 km squares, based on the field researches, herbarium collections inspections and literature data. As the studied species belong to the group of internationally important and rare species, the familiarity with the status of their populations and degree of their vulnerability would present a good basis for monitoring their protection both in Serbia and Europe.

This paper presents the first record of a taxon here newly recorded in the dendroflora of Serbia, namely Sorbus × semipinnata Hedlund (Rosaceae), as well as some notes on morphological properties of material from the Serbian site.

The intensive preliminary floristic studies, carried out between March and August, 2015, yielded the herbaric material consisting of 261 taxa collected at the bottom of the northern slopes of the Šara mountain massif, in the region of Sirinićka Župa. The analysis of the gathered material detected two species, interesting particularly in the flora of the Šara Mountains. Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz (Orchidaceae), is a rare species of the swamp orchid, legally protected in the flora of Serbia, and even rarer in the Šara Mountains flora. The village of Sevce can be found in the vicinity of Dragaš and Rastelica, towards little Borce, on the slopes of Ostrovica. The newly-found locality on the left bank of the Lepenac river, is also a new locality of this species, which is uncommon not only in Sirinićka Župa, but also in the flora of the Šara Mountains and Serbia. Carex ventricosa Curtis (syn. Carex depauperata With.) (Cyperaceae) belongs to the group of forest narrow-leaved ash, which is a new species in the flora on the Šara Mountains, and most probably a new species in the flora of Kosovo and Metohija, as a new, reliable locality for the flora of Serbia.Due to the highly appealing looks of the Šara Mountain peaks of Ljuboten, Ošljak and Ostrovica, the bottom of these mountains is still floristically unrecognized. Therefore, we consider that the already commenced researches should be expanded to the whole region of Sirinicka Zupa so as to gain a more comprehensive picture of all flora of the Sara Mountains starting from the foot of the mountain up to the highest peaks.

Studying the flora of the plain part of Kosovo and Metohija, in the village of Gračanica, on the eastern rim of the Kosovo basin (approximately 10 km to the south of Priština), near the Gračanka stream, we identified a weed and ruderal species, Silene noctiflora. The part of the stream bank is urbanised and turned into a quay. The quay is regularly maintained implying that the banks are regularly weeded and the riverbeds are cleaned as the Typha latifolia species rapidly grows; it may be the reason why this species was not immediately detected and appropriately determined. Except for the afore mentioned locality, the species was also reported on the neglected arable fields and tilths, around the unkempt orchards, along the new tarmac road between Gračanica and Laplje Selo, on the locality called Labura. Silene noctiflora is not mentioned for the region of Kosovo and Metohija in the new and revised edition of the book Flora of Serbia 2.

The genus Silene (family Caryophyllaceae) comprises more than 700 species and it is one of the larger genera of the World’s flora. Studying the flora of the plain part of Kosovo and Metohija, in the village of Gračanica, on the eastern rim of the Kosovo basin (approximately 10 km to the south of Priština), near the Gračanka stream, we identified a weed and ruderal species, Silene noctiflora. The part of the stream bank is urbanised and turned into a quay. The quay is regularly maintained implying that the banks are regularly weeded and the riverbeds are cleaned as the Typha latifolia species rapidly grows; it may be the reason why this species was not immediately detected and appropriately identified. Except for the afore mentioned locality, the species was also reported on the neglected arable fields and tilths, around the unkempt orchards, along the new tarmac road between Gračanica and Laplje Selo, on the locality called Labura. Silene noctiflora is not mentioned for the region of Kosovo and Metohija in the new and revised edition of the book Flora of Serbia 2.