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Herein, the challenge of accurately classifying the manufacturing origin of printing paper, including continent, country, and specific product, was addressed. One-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) models trained on infrared (IR) spectrum data acquired from printing paper samples were used for the task. The preprocessing of the IR spectra through a second-derivative transformation and the restriction of the spectral range to 1800 to 1200 cm-1 improved the classification performance of the model. The outcomes were highly promising. Models trained on second-derivative IR spectra in the 1800 to 1200-cm-1 range exhibited perfect classification for the manufacturing continent and country, with an impressive F1 score of 0.980 for product classification. Notably, the developed 1D CNN model outperformed traditional machine learning classifiers, such as support vector machines and feed-forward neural networks. In addition, the application of data point attribution enhanced the transparency of the decision-making process of the model, offering insights into the spectral patterns that affect classification. This study makes a considerable contribution to printing paper classification, with potential implications for accurate origin identification in various fields.

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With the increasing popularity of coated paper, it has been more widely used in printing, publishing, product packaging and commercial promotion. However, coated paper is prone to cracks after printing and folding which exposes to a white area which is referred to as fold cracking. This study investigated the coating properties of paper and coating factors influencing the fold cracking and aimed to provide guidance on how to reduce the problems of fold cracking. This paper mainly discusses the effects of pigment proportion, binder dosage, solids content, coating thickness and calendaring pressure on fold cracking of coated paper after printing. Experiments show that when the coating consisted entirely of calcium carbonate, the degree of fold cracking is most serious. With the addition of kaolin, the fold cracking reduces. When the ratio of the number of parts of calcium carbonate to kaolin is 25/75, the area of fold cracking reaches its minimum value of 10.28 %. With increasing solids content of the coating, the fold cracking decreases initially and then increases. When the solids content is 55 %, the fold cracking reaches a minimum. Increased latex content reduced coating thickness and an increase in calendaring pressure gradually reduce the degree of fold cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a review of the development of the mechanical pulping process with focus on refiner-based processes. The intention is to provide an overview of the trends and the major advances in the development of the mechanical pulping (MP) process. The focus is on the development of the entire MP process, rather than the refiner as such. However, when discussing the MP process development, it is inevitable to consider the development of the refiner unit operation briefly. Processes for printing papers based on softwood is mainly discussed, but board processes are discussed briefly as well.

In the present study, a printing paper functionalized with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) was used as a flexible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) swab (AgNP@FP) to evaluate its ability to detect sodium sulfite residues on the surface of edible mushrooms. The results showed that the prepared AgNP@FP swab had fingerprint-like signals (at 620 and 927 cm–1), which could serve as a clear confirmation of the analyte. In addition, the swab not only exhibited good repeatability, with spot-to-spot variation of < 2.6% at 620 cm–1 signal intensity, but it also met the requirement of commercial transportation as the peak intensity at 620 cm–1 remained at 57.84% of its initial value after 5 days of storage. The sensitivity of the substrate to sodium sulfite on the surface of oyster mushroom and enoki mushroom was as low as 0.2 mg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) values of the sulfite residue on the surface of oyster and enoki mushrooms were 1.2 and 1.6 mg/kg, respectively. This study demonstrated that the AgNP@FP swab provided a simple tool for obscure and in situ screening of residues on the surface of agricultural products. • A in-situ screening of sodium sulfite using SERS print-paper swab was developed. • The SERS substrate exhibits high SERS activity and stability. • The method detected sodium sulfite residues in mushroom with high sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Despite that microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) provide effective analytical platforms for point-of-care diagnosis in resource-limited areas, it remains challenging to achieve simple and low-cost fabrication of μPADs. A novel method for fabrication of μPADs is developed in this study using a folded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated paper mask with a specific pattern to form a sandwich structure with inserted chromatographic paper. PDMS penetrates the target paper from the front and the back sides, and then is cured in the target paper to form legible channels. This method for prototyping μPADs has many favorable merits including simple operation without the need of trained personnel, fast fabrication and low cost. We further investigated colorimetric detection of melamine in the μPADs, and it showed a remarkable measurement with a detection limit of 0.1 ppm in aqueous solutions and liquid milk discriminated by the naked eye, which meets the detection limit required by USA and China. The fabricating strategy developed in this study is very promising and attractive for the development of simple μPADs for point-of-care applications, including diagnostic testing, food safety control and environmental monitoring. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • A novel, efficient, low-cost and practical strategy for fabrication of μPADs was developed. • A folded printing paper coated with uncured PDMS was used to fabricate the μPADs. • The current μPADs have been successfully applied to melamine detection in liquid milk. • A home-made smartphone App was used to quantitatively analyze the concentration of melamine in liquid milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we characterized and discriminated 24 different kinds of writing/printing papers that may or may not have similar compositions by using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). All paper samples were obtained from the local market in and around Chandigarh (Northwest India). Large differences were observed in the estimation of the kinetic parameters of cellulose and hemicellulose. The calculated percentage weight loss and activation energy for Reaction I and II was further used to determine the thermal stability of each sample. Although few differences were observed on visual examination of the samples, significant differences were obtained on the basis of their kinetic parameters. Multivariate analysis was further applied to the results and considerable enhancement of the results was observed. The current study provides 99.28% discrimination among all the possible pairs of paper samples. The technique is cost-effective, involves no sample preparation, consumes less time and provides reproducible results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper performance qualities strongly depend on the origin of cellulose fibers. Awareness of environmental issues and sustainable development has led to the increase in the use of recycled printing papers. Recovered fibers are often used as a substitute for virgin wood fibers in the production of certain types of papers. As recovered fibers cannot provide the same quality level of paper products as virgin wood fibers, alternative sources of virgin cellulose fibers need to be identified. The aim of this research was to analyze the printability of laboratory papers made of different contents of straw pulp. Therefore, the printing papers were formed using straw pulp of three different cereal species (wheat, barley, and triticale) and mixing them with recycled newsprint in different weight ratios. The printability of these laboratory papers was analyzed by classifying dot reproduction quality based on four dot reproduction attributes. Printed dot reproduction greatly affects the quality of reproduction in graphic products, as dots are the most important element in multi-color reproduction of texts and images. It was confirmed that laboratory papers containing straw pulp provide the same or even better dot reproduction quality than laboratory control papers formed only of recycled newsprint.

Heat-set web offset printing is a printing system that ink dries quickly with hot air. It is one of the preferred printing techniques with high speed printing process and print quality. Web offset printing machines produce approximately 60,000-70,000 iph (impressions per hour). Because of this speed, printing paper should be very durable during the printing process. In this study, three different (70 g/m2 high-grade, 70 g/m2 glossy coated and 90 g/m2 matte coated) roll papers were used. All these papers were printed with Goss M600 web offset printing machine. Three kinds of samples (non-oven - non-silicone, ovened - non-silicone and ovened - siliconed) were taken from every paper type and optical and physical tests were applied to these samples. It was determined that heat-set web offset printing papers showed different responses to temperature and silicone oil coating in the direction of the obtained results. All printed papers were compared only to their own kind, not the other type of papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Floatable activated carbon (AC) monoliths were fabricated from waste printing paper (WPP) using a facile method. Coal tar pitch (CTP) and K2CO3 were adopted as the additive and activation agent, respectively. The AC monolith was characterized by N2-adsorption/desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The adsorption isotherms of methylene blue by the AC monolith were also investigated. The experimental data demonstrated that the product had a high surface area up to 2007 m2 g−1 and a total pore volume of 1.207 cm3 g−1. The addition of CTP led to a higher mechanical rigidity and the formation of more micropores compared with the single WPP. Also, the AC monolith had a more developed aromatic structure caused by adding CTP. The adsorption equilibrium data followed Langmuir model with a high monolayer adsorption capacity up to 699 mg g−1. This study provides a reference for the utilization of WPP as a promising precursor of floatable AC monolith, which has the potential to be used as a high-performance and easy-separation adsorbent due to its high surface area and excellent floatability. Graphical abstract: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose nanopaper consists of a dense fibrous self-binding network composed of cellulose nanofibres connected by physical entanglements, hydrogen bonding, etc. Compared with conventional printing paper, cellulose nanopaper has higher strength and modulus because of stronger fibres and inter-fibre bonding. The aim of this paper is to investigate the fracture properties of cellulose nanopaper using double edge notch tensile tests on samples with different notch lengths. It was found that strength is insensitive to notch length. A cohesive zone model was used to describe the fracture behaviour of notched cellulose nanopaper. Fracture energy was extracted from the cohesive zone model and divided into an energy component consumed by damage in the material and a component related to pull-out or bridging of nanofibres between crack surfaces which was not facilitated due to the limited fibre lengths for the case of nanopapers. For comparison, printing paper which has longer fibres than nanopaper was tested and modelled to demonstrate the importance of fibre length. Buckypaper, a fibrous network made of carbon nanotubes connected through van der Waals forces and physical entanglements, was also investigated to elaborate on the influence of inter-fibre connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In papermaking, blending or mixture of fibres is one of the ways to enhance mechanical properties of paper. The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of paper manufactured from mixture of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and kenaf fibres. The papers were prepared according to 10, 30, 50 and 70 percentages of kenaf whole stem blended into oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres. The preparation and testing of papers were carried out based on TAPPI Test Methods. Results showed that using kenaf whole stem fibres improved the mechanical properties of the blended papers and complied with the standard requirement for writing and printing grade paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolysis of waste printing paper was investigated by using thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR). The activation energies of pyrolysis reactions were obtained via the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose methods, respectively. The kinetic model was determined by the master plot method. TG results showed that the highest mass loss rate occurred increased from 618 to 638 K as heating rate increased from 5 to 20 K min, indicating the pyrolysis of cellulose fibers in WPP. The mass loss above 873 K can be attributed to the decomposition of calcite used as filler. By analyzing the FTIR spectra, it was found that the major generation temperatures of the evolving gaseous products ranged from 635 to 647 K during the pyrolysis of WPP at 20 K min. CO was the primary non-condensable product, and aldehydes, organic acids, ketones were the dominating condensable products, in addition to ethers. Kinetic analysis revealed that the activation energy of the pyrolysis reaction of WPP was 189.39 kJ mol for the FWO method and 189.03 kJ mol for the KAS method. The reaction model function was f( α) = (1 − α), and the frequency factor A = 3.66 × 10 min. All of the findings would help further understanding of pyrolysis behavior of WPP and its thermochemical utilization for fuels and chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and scalable direct laser machining process to fabricate MXene-on-paper coplanar microsupercapacitors is reported. Commercially available printing paper is employed as a platform in order to coat either hydrofluoric acid-etched or clay-like 2D Ti3C2 MXene sheets, followed by laser machining to fabricate thick-film MXene coplanar electrodes over a large area. The size, morphology, and conductivity of the 2D MXene sheets are found to strongly affect the electrochemical performance due to the efficiency of the ion-electron kinetics within the layered MXene sheets. The areal performance metrics of Ti3C2 MXene-on-paper microsupercapacitors show very competitive power-energy densities, comparable to the reported state-of-the-art paper-based microsupercapacitors. Various device architectures are fabricated using the MXene-on-paper electrodes and successfully demonstrated as a micropower source for light emitting diodes. The MXene-on-paper electrodes show promise for flexible on-paper energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper performance qualities strongly depend on the origin of cellulose fibers. Awareness of environmental issues and sustainable development has led to the increase in the use of recycled printing papers. Recovered fibers are often used as a substitute for virgin wood fibers in the production of certain types of papers. As recovered fibers cannot provide the same quality level of paper products as virgin wood fibers, alternative sources of virgin cellulose fibers need to be identified. The aim of this research was to analyze the printability of laboratory papers made of different contents of straw pulp. Therefore, the printing papers were formed using straw pulp of three different cereal species (wheat, barley, and triticale) and mixing them with recycled newsprint in different weight ratios. The printability of these laboratory papers was analyzed by classifying dot reproduction quality based on four dot reproduction attributes. Printed dot reproduction greatly affects the quality of reproduction in graphic products, as dots are the most important element in multi-color reproduction of texts and images. It was confirmed that laboratory papers containing straw pulp provide the same or even better dot reproduction quality than laboratory control papers formed only of recycled newsprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolysis volatiles and the environmental impact of printing paper, newspaper, and silk were investigated to identify suitable materials for heat-induced eco-printing (HIEP) using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Furthermore, the printing effects of simulated HIEP and the material microstructures were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the toxicity of pyrolysis volatiles is highest for newspaper, followed by silk and then printing paper, whereas environmental friendliness follows the opposite trend. A high concentration of lignin, the basic structural element of which is phenyl propane, and the presence of halogens in the newspaper led to the generation of more toxic substances during the pyrolysis process. The benzene compounds and heterocyclic compounds in silk also produced high levels of toxic substances. Based on these findings and the higher color permeability of newspaper, printing paper was the most suitable material for HIEP and newspaper was the least suitable. Additionally, silk may still be used in HIEP in small amounts for the production of art, name cards, and clothing tags. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study examines the possibility of using paper based on lint cellulose with addition of licorice cellulose for printing. The physical, mechanical and printing characteristics of paper, were studied towards this end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To satisfy the requirement of quality control in printing and packaging industry, a sheet counting apparatus is developed, which adopts a line-scan camera to image the fringes of sheet stack and is able to provide a real-time and noncontact measurement of their quantity. With a brief introduction of the system architecture, our main work focuses on the sheet counting algorithms. The basic principle is to identify each sheet profile from the 1-D image with a robust ridge strength measurement. First, a multiscale bi-Gaussian ridge likelihood measurement and a ridge-valley descriptor are utilized to improve adjacent objects detection by increasing local contrast around sheet fringes. Then, a sheet recognition scheme, which integrates a peak detection algorithm and the ridge region criteria for verification, is proposed to discriminate true sheets from the obtained ridgeness measure. According to experiments and tests in real production lines, our apparatus can reach a very high measuring accuracy for printing papers or cards with a thickness not <0.2 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

During xerographic printing processes, the electric charge properties of the paper surface are essential to obtain effective toner transfer and high image quality. Surface and volume resistance are indispensable to the accumulation of the surface charge and different resistance values generate different electrical fields with optical drum, and have a significant effect on toner transfer efficiency. In this paper, surface sizing was investigated to improve the surface properties for better toner transfer and image quality. Styrene acrylate emulsion (SAE) latex was successfully synthesized and fully characterized with a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, a laser particle analyzer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that under the conditions of emulsifier dosage at 3 wt%, initiator concentration at 0.5 wt% and the reaction temperature at 80°C, the monomer conversion can reach 80%. The effects of various factors including initiator dosage, emulsifier dosage and monomer ratio on the sizing performance were studied. The effects of different ratios of SAE to starch on surface and volume resistance of paper were also systematically investigated. The differences in electric properties of various paper samples were quantified and their influence on paper-toner adhesion and print quality was clarified. Relationships between electrical properties of paper and paper-toner adhesion force, and thus print quality were established. Strategies to improve printing performance through effective control of paper electrical properties were also developed. It is concluded that the best printing quality and toner adhesion were achieved when the ratio of SAE to starch is between 1:10 and 2:10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is focused on the impact of different binder mixtures on the performances of paper surface and printability. The coating properties were studied with the chosen silica pigment, and the binder consisted of vinyl acetate copolymer and polyvinyl alcohol with different ratios, followed by the measurement of smoothness, whiteness, and surface strength. The inkjet image quality was assessed using water-based inks. The print density, dot gain, and line quality were analyzed. The results showed that the surface performance and printability were affected by the composition of the binder. With the decrease of vinyl acetate copolymer and the increase of polyvinyl alcohol, the surface smoothness and strength decreased, and the penetration and diffusion of the ink changed as well. When the binder mixture was used with proper ratio, a larger solid density, smaller dot gain, and higher definition can be achieved, which were better than using either one of them alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolysis volatiles and the environmental impact of printing paper in an air atmosphere were investigated using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. CO and light-pollution products were found to be the major products from pyrolysis volatiles; furthermore, because oxygen participates in the chemical reaction, many of the pyrolysis volatiles emitted during the paper printing process were different from those formed under an N atmosphere. Although a small number of the volatiles were moderately toxic products, the concentrations of these volatiles were low. Heat-induced inkless eco-printing (HIEP) was found to take less time than the pyrolysis experiment in this paper and thus resulted in fewer pyrolysis volatiles. Thus, fewer pyrolysis volatiles will be emitted within the practical temperature range; in particular, no carcinogens were emitted in the pyrolysis temperature range of 250-700 °C. Therefore, HIEP was found to be an ecologically and environmentally preferable technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of depithed bagasse for the production of printing and writing paper. Industrial whole bagasse was separated into two fractions: pith and depithed bagasse. The depithed bagasse was cooked by the soda process to two different degrees of delignification. The resulting pulps were fully bleached by the O-D*-(EP)-D sequence and characterized for their beatability, drainability, and physical-mechanical properties. Bleached soda pulps cooked to kappa 17.5 and 10.8 showed similar refinability and resistance to drainage, but the strength properties (tensile, burst, and tear) were slightly higher for the kappa 17.5 pulp at beating energy consumptions in the range of 2-7 W·h. We concluded that both pulps from depithed sugar cane bagasse would be suitable for the production of printing and writing paper grade pulps, but the higher kappa pulp is more economically attractive given its higher pulping yield, without significantly increasing the bleaching chemical demand. Application: The work shows the possibility of using a renewable raw material, such as sugar cane bagasse, for the production of pulp for printing and writing paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vibration method allows the rapid and efficient measurement of particle adhesion force distributions between structured surfaces and powdery bulk material under different atmospheric conditions. The adhesion forces between printing paper and glidant covered starch particles under different humidities will be determined and compared with models of particle adhesion due to van der Waals forces and liquid bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Employ screen-printed gate, source and drain electrodes for transistor fabricated on cellulose fiber substrate. [•] Investigate the memory properties of the DNTT transistor with floated gate electrode. [•] Study the ultra-flexible bending property in the OFETS developed on paper substrate. [•] Demonstrate the feasibility to fabricate OFETs on typical printing paper without pre-treatment or using planarization layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- New types of substrates were used for fabrication of printed electroluminescent structures. Polymer foils mainly used as substrates for such optoelectronic elements were replaced with paper and textiles. Printing on non-transparent substrate requires elaboration of printed transparent electrode, while usually polyester foils with sputtered ITO transparent electrodes are used. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach -- Electroluminescent structures were fabricated with elaborated polymer compositions filled with nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene platelets, dielectric and luminophore nanopowders. Structures were printed as "reverse stack", where transparent electrode is printed on top of the last luminophore layer. For that carbon nanotubes and graphene platelets filled composition was used, deposited with spray-coating technique. Findings -- Main issue with new substrates is proper wetting with the use of screen-printing pastes, and much higher roughness especially for textiles. Originality/value -- Fully functional structures were obtained, but several disadvantages were observed that needs to be eliminated in further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the characteristics of waste printing paper and cardboard particles in a reactor pyrolyzed by preheated agents with the aim of simulating a real case in a fixed-bed gasifier. A TGA/DSC was first used to study of the kinetics and enthalpy change of the printing paper and cardboard pyrolysis. Pyrolitic conversion was further carried out in a batch-type reactor with non-electrical heating. Syngas, tar and char were produced and characterized from printing paper and cardboard pyrolysis at 400°C, 500°C and 600°C. Different flow rates of carrier gas were applied to study the effect of residence time on the products distribution. When the flow rate increased, the relative mass change of gas agrees with that of tar. With increase in temperature, the yield of furfural, olefins and other non-aromatic compounds in tar decreased, while phenols and heavier aromatic hydrocarbons increased. The evolution of CO2, CO and other gas species in the syngas was presented. Van Krevelan diagram of chars was also presented in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Analysis of contact conditions between rubber rollers and printing paper is important for stable paper feeding operation. Direct observation of apparent contact area is necessary to understand contact conditions, such as distributions of real contact area and micro-slips. However, conventional optical microscopy takes too long to observe the whole apparent contact area because the field-of-view is too narrow. We developed a wide field-of-view laser microscope, and applied it to determine the distributions of real contact area of rubber rollers against glass plates. Critical torques at which micro-slips of the rubber rollers occurred were proportional to total real contact area. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the environmental impacts of the Norwegian pulp and paper industry, considering the production of pulp fibres and printing paper. The pulp fibres included in this study are thermo-mechanical pulp and kraft pulp fibres, which differ with respect to the energy consumption and chemicals used during production. The assessed paper grades were super-calendered paper and newsprint. The study was a cradle to gate approach, and corresponds to an attributional life cycle assessment (LCA). The LCA was based on data collected from main pulp and paper producers in Norway. Importantly, aspects related to the increasing use of mineral fillers in the production of newsprints were assessed. The results showed that a reduction of more than 18% climate change impact (kg CO2 eq.) was achieved by increasing the fraction of fillers, in the newsprint furnish. Furthermore, the total climate change impact reduction depended on the applied energy mix. Assuming that the production of printing paper was based only on Norwegian energy mix, yielded a reduction of the climate change impact by more than 44% in 2011, compared to the production based on Scandinavian and European energy mix. Additionally, the input and output transport contributed to more than 20% impact in several cases. We thus concluded that the estimated environmental impacts were affected by; i) the furnish composition of a given paper quality, ii) the input and output transport and iii) the use of different primary grid energy sources. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]