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Sahu, A.; Venkataramani, V.K.; Chandravanshi, S., and Chandran, S., 2024. Spatio-temporal distribution of portunid crabs within the Gulf of Mannar, southeast coast of India. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(5), 937–951. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. To explore the variety of portunid crabs along the Gulf of Mannar coast, an intensive survey was conducted for 1 year from October 2021 to September 2022. The sampling was done biweekly, at four landing sites, i.e., Vedalai, Keelakarai, Therespuram, and Thiruchendur. The Gulf of Mannar has a rich diversity of portunid crabs, and bottom set gillnets are the primary method of capture. Twenty-seven species were recorded in the study area, representing five genera. The genus Charybdis recorded the highest number of species with 11 species, followed by the genus Portunus and the genus Thalamita with eight and four species, respectively. The genus Scylla and the genus Podophthalmus were represented by three and one species, respectively. To conduct the biodiversity assessment, the occurrence and abundance data of portunid crabs were collected for 12 months in all the selected landing centers in the Gulf of Mannar. The data collected were pooled together by month, station and season, which included summer (March-May); pre-monsoon (June-August); monsoon (September-November) and post- monsoon (December-February). From the collected occurrence and abundance data, 15 biodiversity indices were calculated using the PRIMER v7 computer software package. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is the most consumed beverage in the world after water and an important commercial plant with economic value in northern Iran. Over the years, various tea plants have been cultivated in Iran's tea gardens by seed method, which has led to a high diversity in them. Since most gardeners have propagated the plant sexually, tea gardens vary in quality. Therefore, determining the genetic diversity and relatedness of plants has an important role to support breeding and breeding programs. Materials and Methods: In this study, 28 tea plants attributed to Darjeeling region along with eight Iranian samples and eight samples imported from Sri Lanka were investigated for genetic diversity using ISSR markers. After sampling from young and fully developed leaves, their genomic DNA was extracted and 16 ISSR markers were used to investigate the genetic relationships of 44 tea samples. The obtained data were analyzed by the simple similarity coefficient for the ISSR markers and the cluster was designed based on the UPGMA algorithm. Population structure analysis was also done by POPGENE program. Results: The use of 16 ISSR primers produced 158 bands, of which 116 bands showed polymorphism, and based on this, the percentage of polymorphism was calculated as 73.42%. The PIC test showed a range of 0.45 to 0.50 and this indicator was 0.49 for all markers. The results of Cophentic test showed that SM similarity coefficient and UPGMA algorithm are the most suitable for cluster analysis. Based on the obtained data, the range of similarity was found in the range of 0.376 to 0.880 with an average of 0.626. In the cluster analysis, the samples were divided into two groups at the similarity level of 0.56, and the first group is the largest group, which can be divided into two subgroups. In the population structure analysis, the indicators of Observed number of alleles, Effective number of alleles, Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's Information index in populations and total population were calculated as 1.928, 1.641, 0.364 and 0.532, respectively. The total diversity, average intrapopulation diversity, level of population subdivision were also obtained as 0.380, 0.330 and 0.130 respectively. The maximum similarity was between the samples attributed to Darjeeling and selected Iranian samples. Conclusion: Based on the obtained data, it was determined that there are significant changes among the investigated samples based on the ISSR markers. The percentage of polymorphism and polymorphism information content of the used markers indicated that these markers have a high ability to identify diversity among tea genotypes. Also, the results of this study stated that tea genotypes in Iran have high genetic diversity because they are mostly sexually propagated. This level of variation found between samples suggests that tea from different companies or regions is of better quality, not entirely due to genotype, but rather the ecology in which the tea is grown in terms of climate and soil characteristics, as well as processing technology. At the same time, this genetic difference can be used in breeding studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buchanania lanzan Spreng, a member of the Anacardiaceae family, is a valuable tropical fruit tree native to India. This tree species possesses enormous pharmacological properties and socio-economic significance but is underutilised due to inadequate genetic diversity and germplasm wealth resources data. The present investigation attempted to evaluate the diversity of nine accessions of B. lanzan obtained from three distinct geographical locations in the Chhattisgarh state of India using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Ten ISSR primers were used, of which eight ISSR primers produced remarkable bands selected for genetic diversity analysis. The ISSR primers produced a total of 127 loci, of which 63 loci exhibited polymorphism. On average, each primer yielded 7.87 loci. The maximum polymorphism was observed for primer BLA4 (77.77%), while primer BLA10 exhibited the lowest polymorphism (25%). An average 49.87% polymorphism was detected amongst nine accessions using eight ISSR primers. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient exhibited a range of values between 0.63 and 0.98. Genetic variability in B. lanzan accessions is low owing to low polymorphism percentage, although they belong to different agroclimatic regions of the Chhattisgarh state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with 454 sequencing technology, short-read sequencing (e.g., Illumina) technology generates sequences of high accuracy, but limited length (<500 bp). Such a limitation can prove that studying a target gene using a large amplicon (>500 bp) is challenging. The ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) gene of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), which plays a crucial part in the nitrification process, is such a gene. By providing a full overview of the community of a functional microbial guild, 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing could overcome this problem. However, it remains unclear how 16S rRNA primer selection influences the quantification of relative abundance and the identification of community composition of nitrifiers, especially AOA. In the present study, a comparison was made between the performance of primer pairs 338F-806R, 515F-806R, and 515F-907R to a shotgun metagenome approach. The structure of nitrifier communities subjected to different long-term organic matter amendment and water management protocols was assessed. Overall, we observed higher Chao1 richness diversity of soil total bacteria by using 515F-806R compared to 338F-806R and 515F-907R, while higher Pielou's evenness diversity was observed by using 515F-806R and 515F-907R compared to 338F-806R. The studied primer pairs revealed different performances on the relative abundance of Thaumarchaeota, AOB, and NOB. The Thaumarchaeota 16S rRNA sequence was rarely detected using 338F-806R, while the relative abundances of Thaumarchaeota detected using 515F-806R were higher than those detected by using 515F-907R. AOB showed higher proportions in the 338F-806R and 515F-907R data, than in 515F-806R data. Different primers pairs showed significant change in relative proportion of NOB. Nonetheless, we found consistent patterns of the phylotype distribution of nitrifiers in different treatments. Nitrosopumilales (NP) and Nitrososphaerales (NS) clades were the dominant members of the AOA community in soils subject to controlled irrigation, whereas Ca. Nitrosotaleales (NT) and NS clades dominated the AOA community in soils subject to flooding irrigation. Nitrospira lineage II was the dominant NOB phylotype in all samples. Overall, ideal 16S rRNA primer pairs were identified for the analysis of nitrifier communities. Moreover, NP and NT clades of AOA might have distinct environmental adaptation strategies under different irrigation treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases is the property of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document is a compilation of research articles and studies on various topics related to plant growth, genetic analysis, and the effects of different factors on plants. The studies utilize different techniques and methodologies to assess the impact of factors such as magnetic water treatment and fertilization on plant growth and DNA damage. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the research conducted in these areas and can be a valuable resource for library patrons conducting research on these topics. The document includes tables, figures, and plates that visually represent the data. [Extracted from the article]

The lack of reference genes makes it difficult to conduct molecular biology research on the plant genus, Clematis L. Clematis lanuginosa belongs to Sect. Viticella DC of Clematis L. It is also an important ornamental cultivated variety parent of the early and late large-flowered groups. Studying the reference genes of C. lanuginosa in different tissues will provide a theoretical basis for the reference selection of early and late large-flowered groups of Clematis, which could promote research progress on molecular biology of ornamental Clematis. Results: The roots, stems, leaves, sepals, stamens, and carpels of C. lanuginosa were used as research materials, and seven candidate reference genes were used for quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Comprehensive stability analysis using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder software showed that suitable reference genes in C. lanuginosa root, stem, and leaf were PP2A-2 and UBC34; and in floral tissue were UBC34, PP2A-2, and ARP7. These reference genes can be used as internal reference either alone or in combination. The pairwise variation value evaluated with geNorm software showed that two internal reference genes were needed for gene expression correction in the tissues. In the floral organs, three reference genes were required for gene expression correction. Conclusions: Our results provide a foundation for future gene expression analysis of C. lanuginosa and guidance for the screening of reference genes in Clematis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital era, multimodal behavioral research has emerged as a pivotal discipline, integrating diverse data sources to comprehensively understand human behavior. This paper defines and distinguishes data governance from mere data management within this context, highlighting its centrality in assuring data quality, ethical handling, and participant protection. Through a meticulous review of the literature and empirical experience, we identify key implementation strategies and elucidate the benefits and risks of data governance frameworks in multimodal research. A demonstrative case study illustrates the practical applications and challenges, revealing enhanced data reliability and research integrity as tangible outcomes. Our findings underscore the critical need for robust data governance, pointing to future advancements in the field, including the development of adaptive governance frameworks, innovative big data analytics solutions, and user-friendly tools. These enhancements are poised to amplify the utility of multimodal data, propelling behavioral science forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) is one of the most devastating viruses causing severe yield losses worldwide in potatoes. Comprehensive observations were made to study the PLRV infestation in major potato-growing areas of Tashkent (Uzbekistan). In the article, disease symptoms such as lightening and roughening of the leaf color and upward twisting of the leaf plate were studied by molecular identification, and it was observed that the total protein and vitamin contents were significantly lower under diseased plants. It was found out from the studied literature and conducted experiments that PLRV is mainly stored in tubers and that the stored virus affects the vitamin and total protein content of potatoes. To prevent the spread of this virus, it is essential to identify the natural reservoir plants, prevent them from growing in the fields, and plant virus-free potato varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the effects of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP)- and silane-based primers with those of MDP-based primers on zirconia-resin bonding via multiple levels of aging. Methods Zirconia blocks were divided into 4 groups (n = 21) according to the primer used: MDP-based Z-Prime Plus (ZP), silane-based Monobond-S (MS), MDP- and silane-based Clearfil Ceramic Primer (CCP) and no primer (Blank). After pretreatment with or without the primers followed by bonding with cement Duo-Link, each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups (n = 7) according to aging level: 24 hours of water storage at 37 ℃ (24 h), 30 days of water storage at 37 ℃(30 d), and 30 d plus 3 000 thermal cycles (30 d/TC). After aging, shear bond strength (SBS) tests and failure mode analyses were conducted. Results ZP, MS and CCP groups had greater SBSs than did the BLANK group (PPPvs. 24 h, PPP = 0.029) but lower than that of MS at 30 d/TC (P = 0.037). From 30 d to 30 d/TC, the percent decrease in the bonding strength of ZP was significantly greater than that of MS (82.43% vs. 64.90%). Conclusion MDP-based primers function better for zirconia-resin bonding when they contain silane coupling agents.

Abstract Background The selection of primer pairs in sequencing-based research can greatly influence the results, highlighting the need for a tool capable of analysing their performance in-silico prior to the sequencing process. We therefore propose PrimerEvalPy, a Python-based package designed to test the performance of any primer or primer pair against any sequencing database. The package calculates a coverage metric and returns the amplicon sequences found, along with information such as their average start and end positions. It also allows the analysis of coverage for different taxonomic levels. Results As a case study, PrimerEvalPy was used to test the most commonly used primers in the literature against two oral 16S rRNA gene databases containing bacteria and archaea. The results showed that the most commonly used primer pairs in the oral cavity did not match those with the highest coverage. The best performing primer pairs were found for the detection of oral bacteria and archaea. Conclusions This demonstrates the importance of a coverage analysis tool such as PrimerEvalPy to find the best primer pairs for specific niches. The software is available under the MIT licence at https://gitlab.citius.usc.es/lara.vazquez/PrimerEvalPy .

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, alüminyum oksit partikülleriyle kumlama sonrası kullanılan farklı primerlerin ve universal adezivin, termal yaşlandırma sonrasında zirkonya ile self adeziv rezin siman arasındaki makaslama bağlanma dayanımı üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda CAD/CAM zirkonya bloklardan boyutları 2 mm x 11 mm x 11 mm olacak şekilde 20 adet dörtgen örnek hazırlanmıştır. Tüm örneklerin yüzeyine 50 µm Al2O3 partikülleri yüzey pürüzlendirme işlemi uygulanmıştır. Hazırlanan örnekler farklı primer ve adeziv uygulamalarına göre 4 alt gruba ayrılmıştır (n=5). Kontrol: Herhangi bir primer veya universal adeziv uygulanmamıştır. Kerr Silane Primer (Negatif Kontrol): MDP içeriği bulunmayan seramik primeri uygulanmıştır. Ceramica-S ve Nova Compo-B Plus: Ceramica-S primer ve Nova Compo-B Plus universal adeziv karıştırılarak uygulanmıştır. Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus: Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus uygulanmıştır. Yüzey uygulamalarını takiben self adeziv rezin siman seramik yüzeylerine polimerize edilmiştir. Ardından örnekler 5000 devir termal döngü işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Örneklere universal test cihazında makaslama bağlanma dayanımı testi uygulanmıştır. Yüzey işlemlerine göre Fmax (N) ve Mpa değerlerinin karşılaştırılmasında Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Farklı primer ve adeziv kullanımına göre Fmax (N) ortalama değerleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermiştir (p0,001). Sonuç: Mevcut limitasyonlar dahilinde, self adeziv rezin simanın herhangi bir primer uygulaması olmaksızın veya MDP içermeyen bir primer uygulanmasının, zirkonya seramik yüzeyine bağlanma gücünü artırmak için yeterli olmadığı sonucuna varılabilir. MDP içeren ve kumlama sonrası uygulanan primerler veya adezivler, zirkonyaya bağlanma için ideal bir seçenek olarak görünmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Primer, Universal adeziv, Zirkonya

Objectives: The peer review process is critical to maintaining quality, reliability, novelty, and innovation in the scientific literature. However, the teaching of scientific peer review is rarely a component of formal scientific or clinical training, and even the most experienced peer reviewers express interest in continuing education. The objective of this review article is to summarize the collective perspectives of experienced journal editors about how to be a good reviewer in a step-by-step guide that can serve as a resource for the performance of peer review of a scientific manuscript. Methods: This is a narrative review. Results: A review of the history and an overview of the modern-day peer review process are provided with attention to the role played by the reviewer, including important reasons for involvement in scientific peer review. The general components of a scientific peer review are described, and a model for how to structure a peer review report is provided. These concepts are also summarized in a reviewer checklist that can be used in real-time to develop and double-check one's reviewer report before submitting it. Conclusions: Peer review is a critically important service for maintaining quality in the scientific literature. Peer review of a scientific manuscript and the associated reviewer's report should assess specific details related to the accuracy, validity, novelty, and interpretation of a study's results. We hope that this article will serve as a resource and guide for reviewers of all levels of experience in the performance of peer review of a scientific manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Softwood is widely employed in construction and faces high demand. Australia is grappling with substantial timber scarcity, specifically related to radiata pine, which is the dominant structural timber in the construction sector. However, Australia has a significant hardwood population, which can be utilized to reduce the high demand for radiata pine. This paper aims to investigate the bond properties of both Australian softwood (radiata pine) and hardwood (shining gum). It also discusses the potential to combine softwood and hardwood in glue or cross-laminated timber by evaluating the bond properties of the radiata pine–shining gum interface. For hardwood, the effect of primer is also investigated to determine its efficacy in improving failure mode, bond strength, and stiffness. Lastly, both glulam and cross-laminated timber bonding scenarios are simulated for bond testing by examining the effect of relative fibre orientation on the bond properties of the aforementioned species individually and in combination. Instead of conventional block shear testing, which is predominantly used for same-species bond testing, push-out testing is adopted in this study. However, a comparison with block shear testing is also made in this article. The results indicated that the use of primer on hardwood reduced the inconsistencies in the bond properties and improved wood-side failure rates. It was also concluded that the effect of fibre orientation in a CLT scenario with combined hardwood and softwood failure modes can vary significantly, which leads to a higher standard deviation in the results. Nevertheless, this study outlines the challenges and opportunities for producing hardwood–softwood hybrid glue or cross-laminated timber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The selection of primer pairs in sequencing-based research can greatly influence the results, highlighting the need for a tool capable of analysing their performance in-silico prior to the sequencing process. We therefore propose PrimerEvalPy, a Python-based package designed to test the performance of any primer or primer pair against any sequencing database. The package calculates a coverage metric and returns the amplicon sequences found, along with information such as their average start and end positions. It also allows the analysis of coverage for different taxonomic levels. Results: As a case study, PrimerEvalPy was used to test the most commonly used primers in the literature against two oral 16S rRNA gene databases containing bacteria and archaea. The results showed that the most commonly used primer pairs in the oral cavity did not match those with the highest coverage. The best performing primer pairs were found for the detection of oral bacteria and archaea. Conclusions: This demonstrates the importance of a coverage analysis tool such as PrimerEvalPy to find the best primer pairs for specific niches. The software is available under the MIT licence at https://gitlab.citius.usc.es/lara.vazquez/PrimerEvalPy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of weight ratio, the shape of the precursor particles, and the application of a phosphate-monomer-containing primer on the mechanical properties of polymer infiltrated ceramic networks (PICNs) using zinc oxide. Two different types of zinc oxide particles were used as precursors to produce zinc oxide networks by sintering, each with two different densities resulting in two different weight ratios of the PICNs. For each of these different networks, two subgroups were built: one involving the application of a phosphate-monomer-containing primer prior to the infiltration of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA and one without. Elastic modulus and flexural strength were determined by using the three-point bending test. Vertical substance loss determined by the chewing simulation was evaluated with a laser scanning microscope. There was a statistically significant influence of the type of precursor particles on the flexural strength and in some cases on the elastic modulus. The application of a primer lead to a significant increase in the flexural strength and in most cases also in the elastic modulus. A higher weight ratio of zinc oxide led to a significantly higher elastic modulus. Few statistically significant differences were found for the vertical substance loss. By varying the shape of the particles and the weight fraction of zinc oxide, the mechanical properties of the investigated PICN can be controlled. The use of a phosphate-monomer-containing primer strengthens the bond between the infiltrated polymer and the zinc oxide, thus increasing the strength of the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This in vitro study evaluated the effect of different colouring solutions and primer systems used in the bonding of brackets on enamel colour change and bond strength. Materials and methods: 120 premolar teeth were divided into four main groups; brackets were bonded with 37% orthophosphoric acid + Transbond XT Primer in Group 1, 3 M Single Bond Universal in Group 2, Transbond Plus SEP in Group 3, and G-Premio Bond in Group 4. Each group was divided into three subgroups, and the teeth were placed in a cup containing coffee and tea mixture, in a cup containing cola and in distilled water. A bond strength test was applied to all teeth. Colour measurements of all teeth were performed at 2 different times: before bonding and after the bond strength test. Results: The average bond strength of the 37% orthophosphoric acid group was higher than that of the other groups. The effect of primer and solution groups on colour change was statistically significant (p = 0.001 and p = 0.023, respectively). Conclusions: In this study, the bond strength was clinically sufficient in all primer groups. The highest colour change was observed when the tea–coffee solution and Transbond Plus SEP primer were used. Clinical relevance: This study has identified enamel discoloration and bond strength from different colouring solutions and primer systems used for bonding braces, which can be used to inform clinicians and patients to achieve better treatment results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a new polymeric material that has received significant attention in dentistry because of its mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and aesthetics. However, the bonding performance of PEEK to other materials is not preferable. This study aimed to analyze the variations in the surface characteristics of PEEK under the chemical action of primers containing different functional monomers or polymers and to evaluate the bonding performance of PEEK and dental cement. Methods: Disk-shaped PEEK samples were prepared by dental milling, blasting with alumina oxide, and covering with primers containing functional monomers or polymers. The surface characteristics of the samples were analyzed by microscopy and spectroscopy. The shear bond strength (SBS) between PEEK and dental cement, with and without thermocycling, was tested using a universal testing machine. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed and compared. Results: Functional monomers or polymers were successfully bonded to the surface of PEEK. This treatment significantly improved its hydrophilicity and surface free energy (P < 0.05). The primer containing pentaerythritol triacrylate had the highest SBS without thermocycling (13.89 MPa). Meanwhile, the primers containing urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (abbreviated as the HC group) showed the highest SBS and lowest reduction (25.51%) after thermocycling. Notably, all the testing groups achieved the ISO10477 standard of 5 MPa. After thermocycling, adhesive failure accounted for the largest proportion of failures in all the groups except the HC group. Conclusions: The chemical priming treatment can significantly improve the SBS of PEEK and dental cement. Moreover, a primer containing both UDMA and MMA can provide improved bonding for PEEK materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring a credible literature base is essential for all research fields. One element of this relates to the replicability of published work, which is the probability that the results of an original study would replicate in an independent investigation. A critical feature of replicable research is that the sample size of a study is sufficient to minimize statistical error and detect effects that exist in reality. A recent study (Buckley, Hyland, et al., 2023) estimated that the replicability of all quantitative technology education research is approximately 55% with this estimate showing an increasing trend in recent years. Given this estimate, it would be useful to invest efforts to improve replicability and thus credibility in the literature base in this way. Power analyses can be conducted when planning a quantitative study to support the determination of sample size requirements to detect population effects, however their existence in technology education research is rare. As the conduction of power analyses is a growing phenomenon in social scientific research more broadly, it is likely that one reason for their limited use by quantitative technology education researchers is a lack of resources within the field. As such, this article offers a primer for technology education researchers for conducting power analysis for common research designs within the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental primers are pivotal in achieving durable and reliable bonding between dental adhesives and tooth structures. Among the various primers’ components, the functional monomer 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate is gaining significant attention owing to its unique chemical properties and bond-enhancing capabilities. Aims: This paper comprehensively reviewed current knowledge on the functional monomer 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate. We focus on its chemistry, interactions with tooth substrates, interactions with zirconium and other metals, adhesive’s longevity, clinical applications, and potential drawbacks. Sources: Our sources are the Internet, such as Google Scholar and PubMed. Study selection: Studies investigating the efficacy of 10-MDP primers were included. Conclusions: The emergence of 10-MDP primers has significantly advanced the field of dental adhesives by providing reliable bonding solutions to enamel and dentin. The chemical interaction between 10-MDP and tooth substrates demonstrates remarkable adhesive strength and longevity.

Alternative splicing is a complex process that contributes to the generation of diverse mRNA and protein isoforms, including in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Despite their importance, many functions of alternative splicing genes remain poorly characterized. This study aims to investigate splicing variants of gene encoding Heading date 3a in E. guineensis (EgHd3a) using the GenBank database and ClustalW algorithm. To ensure the data accuracy and reliability of design isoform‐ specific primers, special emphasis is given to primer design techniques and validation using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real‐time (qRT)‐PCR analysis. The designed primers demonstrated high specificity and discrimination between mRNA specimens. Nucleotide variations at the 3’‐end influenced the specificity of primers with the addition of GC composition. Furthermore, qRT‐PCR analysis revealed a strong correlation between Ct values and gene concentration for the isoforms which indicates a reliable amplification of EgHd3a. Although two isoforms, Hd3a‐X2 and Hd3a‐X3, showed slightly higher than acceptable PCR efficiency values, caution is advised to prevent non‐specific amplification. Despite the challenge posed by the limitation of primer positioning due to alternative splicing, the chosen primer proved optimal for analysis. This study highlights the importance of considering alternative splicing in gene quantification experiments and provides insights into the critical steps, methods, and quality control measures necessary for accurately detecting alternative splicing events, contributing to understanding this complex biological process.

Environmental DNA technology develops rapidly in the field of biodiversity detection. Selecting appropriate primers may be one of the key questions. However, there is currently a lack of systematic studies on differences in primer detection efficiencies. This research investigates the efficiency of six universal primers (12S, 16S, 18S, MiFish, Cytb, and COI) in detecting fish species across diverse aquatic ecosystems using an environmental DNA approach. The research spans five study areas, representing marine, river, wetland, lake, and reservoir ecosystems. Illumina MiSeq sequencing and bioinformatics tools were employed for primer performance evaluation. Results indicate that MiFish consistently outperforms other primers, detecting the highest number of fish species across all ecosystems and exhibiting superior taxonomic coverage. Furthermore, marine ecosystems consistently show higher detection numbers across all primers. The absence of commonly identified species detected by all primers emphasizes the necessity of using multiple primers for a comprehensive assessment. This study provides valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of universal primers, highlighting the importance of primer selection for accurate eDNA-based fish monitoring. The findings contribute to the scientific basis for the comprehensive management of aquatic ecosystems, assisting researchers and ecosystem managers in screening suitable fish universal primers for eDNA methods. The study also calls for further research into factors influencing primer performance and encourages the refinement of primers to enhance biodiversity monitoring precision in various ecosystems.

Although gypsum plaster has been well studied, there are few related researches on the effects of primers on the pull-off strength of gypsum plaster in the plastering systems. Therefore, the effects of no primer, vinyl acetate ethylene (VAE)-type primers, styrene-acrylic (SA)-type primers, and acetate-acrylic (AA)-type primers on the pull-off strength of gypsum plaster, were comparatively discussed. The results indicated that these primers all can chemically bond with the gypsum plaster and aerated concrete substrate, thus the adhesion of gypsum plaster on the substrate was promoted, and the failure type in the pull-off strength test changed from adhesive failure to cohesive failure. With the better permeability of primers and the lower degree of the pore blocking, the negative impacts on the gypsum dihydrate crystals were smaller, the mechanical interlocking force generated between the substrate and the gypsum plaster was larger, and the damage surface of cohesive failure is further away from the bonding transition area (plaster/primer/substrate). Therefore, the application of VAE-type primers and AA-type primers could increase the pull-off strength of gypsum plaster by 1.74–2.44 times and 1.70–1.90 times, respectively, while the application of SA-type primers would reduce the pull-off strength of gypsum plaster by at least 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring a secure bond between a framework structure and layering composite resin veneer is essential for a long-lasting dental restoration. A variety of primer systems are available to facilitate the adhesive bonding. Nevertheless, the growing preference for efficiency and simplicity in dentistry has made the one-bottle universal primers a desirable option. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of universal primers on the shear bond strength (SBS) of base metal alloy (BMA) and zirconia to layering composite resin. Each 160 BMA and zirconia 20 × 10 × 5 mm test specimen was fabricated. Eight different primers (SunCera Metal Primer, Metal Primer Z, Reliance Metal Primer, Alloy Primer, MKZ Primer, Monobond Plus, ArtPrime Plus, and Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus) were applied to 20 specimens in each group. Subsequently, a 5 × 2 mm composite resin build-up was applied. SBS tests were performed after 24 h of water storage and after thermocycling (25,000 cycles, 5–55 °C). On BMA, after water storage for 24 h, the bond strength values ranged from 26.53 ± 3.28 MPa (Metal Primer Z) to 29.72 ± 2.00 MPa (MKZ Primer), while after thermocycling, bond strength values ranged from 25.19 ± 1.73 MPa (MKZ Primer) to 27.69 ± 2.37 MPa (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus). On a zirconia base, after 24 h, the bond strengths values ranged from 22.63 ± 2.28 MPa (Reliance Primer) to 29.96 ± 2.37 MPa (MKZ Primer) and from 23.77 ± 3.86 MPa (Metal Primer Z) to 28.88 ± 3.09 MPa (Monobond Plus) after thermocycling. While no significant difference in bond strength was found between the primers on the BMA base, five primer combinations differed significantly from each other on zirconia (p = 0.002–0.043). All primers achieved a bond strength greater than 23 MPa on both framework materials after thermocycling. Thus, all primers tested can be applied to both framework materials with comparable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus) is a national protected species in China. It first became extinct in the wild in 1976, and was reintroduced to the Kalamaili National Park (KNP) in Xinjiang, China in 2001. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of the reintroduced population of Przewalski's horse in KNP. Here, we developed and designed microsatellite molecular markers using 48 feces samples and combined this with published genomic data from the species. A preliminary analysis of genetic diversity within the Przewalski's horse population in the KNP was conducted using 16 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with high levels of polymorphism and high stability. A total of 199 alleles were amplified using 16 SSR primer pairs, averaging 12.438 at each locus. In the sample of 48 genomes, the average effective number of alleles detected was 2.695, the average expected heterozygosity was 0.577 and the inbreeding coefficient was 0.232. Twelve loci showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium following Bonferroni sequential corrections. Our research finds that the genetic diversity of the Przewalski's horse population in the KNP remains high. This is the first research using newly developed SSR markers to describe the genetic diversity and structure of the reintroduced Przewalski's horse population in KNP, China. As such, it can inform future reintroductions of the species and conservation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main reasons for the degradation of working conditions is the lack of air quality. It is known that indoor air contaminants pose a risk to both the human organism and the environment, which constitutes a challenge for employers and major industries. A car factory painting line is an evident example of a work location in which the employers must be especially aware and concerned with the employees' health. Since the coatings are the main VOCs-emitting source, this work studied the analytes emitted by four primers, 17 basecoats and one varnish used in a car factory of a world-renowned automotive brand, with gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), as a way of identifying all the coating-borne VOCs that can be emitted to the indoor air. The variability of the collected data was assessed, and the repeatability of the results proved the suitability of GC-IMS for this type of study. Among primers, inks and varnish, 45 VOCs were accurately identified using an exclusively developed database of compounds. The presence of the identified analytes in the composition of the coatings represents the potentiality of being emitted to the indoor air of the factory and, consequently, denotes their eventual toxicity for the employees of the painting line. These results represent a step forward in the assessment of the panting line work conditions, so eventual consequences to the employees' health are theoretically discussed; nonetheless, further studies aim to examine air samples of the factory and evaluate the work conditions and actual consequences to the employees that must be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endemic to the Indian subcontinent, the sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) is a threatened species, present in fragmented habitats across India. Field techniques such as direct observation and camera trapping alone are not sufficient and may not be explicit enough to understand a monomorphic species like the sloth bear at larger spatial scales. In this study, we looked into the genetic structure, variability and population demographics amongst the extant sloth bear populations in the highly fragmented Vidarbha landscape, using a panel of 13 microsatellite markers with a cumulative PID value of 1.48 × 10−5 PIDsibs. Our results revealed genetic clustering (K = 5) and moderate structuring amongst the study populations. Despite being geographically distant and placed in two different genetic clusters, sloth bears from the Melghat Tiger Reserve and Sahyadri Tiger Reserve shared genetic signatures, indicating connectivity, while migration was detected amongst other study areas as well. The findings from this study can serve as baseline assessment for future genetic monitoring of the species in the human-dominated landscape and assist in managerial decisions to step up protection of fragmented forest patches and reduce human–bear conflicts without compromising on the genetic connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to replace steel-phosphating treatments with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), in this case, of phosphonic acids. Two industrial applications are targeted: obtaining an adhesion primer between steel and paint or lubricating stainless steel for mechanical applications, such as stamping; research has been conducted using alkyl phosphonic acids. The carbon chain length and terminal function are changed to obtain the best properties depending on the application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This laboratory study was conducted to evaluate and compare the resin bond strength of different adhesive resin systems in different combinations and the durability of their bonds with zirconia ceramic. Materials and methods: One hundred and twenty-eight specimens were milled from 3Y-TZP zirconia ceramic. The bonding surfaces of all disks were wet polished, steam cleaned, airborne-particle abraded and ultrasonically cleaned in 99% isopropanol. The specimens were randomly divided into four main groups according to the applied resin system; two conventional and two self-adhesive systems were used. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups; the first was conditioned with the specified primer for conventional luting resins or not conditioned for the self-adhesive systems, whereas the second subgroup of each was conditioned with the same phosphate monomer-containing primer (Alloy Primer). The zirconia specimens were adhesively bonded, using the allocated luting resin, to plexiglass tubes filled with self-curing composite resin (Clearfil FII). Half of the specimens of each subgroup were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 3 days, whereas the other half were subjected to artificial aging, 150 days of storage and additional thermal cycling. Thereafter, all specimens were subjected to TBS testing using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA followed by separate one-way ANOVAs. The Games–Howell post-hoc test was applied for pairwise comparisons. Results: All specimens survived storage with thermal cycling. The mean TBS values ranged from a minimum of 43.4 ± 5.0 MPa to a maximum of 66.4 ± 3.5 after 3 days and from a minimum of 13.6 ± 2.5 MPa to a maximum of 50.1 ± 9.4 MPa after 150 days. Conclusions: Artificial aging had a significantly negative effect on all test groups. The chosen adhesive-resin system had a significant effect on the resulting TBS values. The highest TBS values were achieved for the self-adhesive luting resin G-Cem One but were statistically comparable to the results obtained for the dual-cure luting resin G-Cem LinkForce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immediately following the use of aluminium alloys, particularly Duralumin, in the construction of aircraft, protective coatings with anti-corrosion properties were developed. Among the numerous solutions to prevent corrosion, the most widely employed materials were organic primers containing chromates. This paper reports the study of the corrosion inhibitive compounds (chromates) used by aircraft manufacturers during World War II. More specifically, we have identified the nature of the compounds and assessed their current efficiency. Our analyses on samples collected from three different wrecks (French and German) excavated on terrestrial sites reveal that the primer contained either zinc tetroxychromate or lead chromate. Using XANES to study the chromium oxidation states elucidated the different phenomena taking place during the aging of the paint primer. We found that the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) species occurred either within the primer or at the interface of the primer with the Al alloy. This is believed to be due to alteration of the paint layer and its long exposure to the natural environment. However, even after 80 years, Cr(VI) is still present in the primers of these archaeological parts. Although a little altered, the chromate compound can still provide a source of inhibitor, thus maintaining the protection of the alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peer‐review component of the editorial process is designed to facilitate quality control, legitimize scientific research, and self‐regulate scientific communities. Even though serving as a reviewer undoubtedly has direct and indirect benefits, the peer‐review system and the methods of teaching scholars to conduct reviews are nascent and relatively underdeveloped. This article describes the peer‐review process and provides recommendations for writing reviews for scientific journals. The recommendations were developed based on the expertise and preferences of editors in chief and associate editors for behavior‐analytic journals (Cengher & LeBlanc, 2024), and they include honoring your responsibility, knowing your audience, being constructive and kind, and carefully evaluating the merits of the study or review. These guidelines may serve as a primer for scholars who want to conduct reviews for scientific journals in behavior analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) silane possesses one terminal amine group and three ethoxy groups extending from each silicon atom, acting as a crucial interface between organic and inorganic materials. In this study, after APTES was deposited on the aluminum alloy AA2024-T3 as a primer for an optional top coating with polystyrene (PS), its role with regard to stability as a protection layer and interaction with the topcoat were studied via combinatorial experimentation. The aluminum alloy samples primed with APTES under various durations of concentrated vapor deposition (20, 40, or 60 min) with an optional post heat treatment and/or PS topcoat were comparatively characterized via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface energy. The samples top-coated with PS on an APTES layer primed for 40 min with a post heat treatment revealed excellent performance regarding corrosion impedance. A primed APTES surface with higher surface energy accounted for this higher corrosion impedance. Based on the SEM images and the surface energy calculated from the measured contact angles on the APTES-primed surfaces, four mechanisms are suggested to explain that the good protection performance of the APTES/PS coating system can be attributed to the enhanced wettability of PS on the cured APTES primer with higher surface energy. The results also suggest that, in the early stages of exposure to the corrosion solution, a thinner APTES primer (deposited for 20 min) enhances protection against corrosion, which can be attributed to the hydrolytic stability and hydrolyzation/condensation of the soaked APTES and the dissolution of the naturally formed aluminum oxide pre-existing in the bare samples. An APTES primer subjected to additional heat treatment will increase the impedance of the coating system significantly. APTES, and silanes, in general, used as adherent agents or surface modifiers, have a wide range of potential applications in micro devices, as projected in the Discussion section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk Dental Journal is the property of Selcuk Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Objectives The peer review process is critical to maintaining quality, reliability, novelty, and innovation in the scientific literature. However, the teaching of scientific peer review is rarely a component of formal scientific or clinical training, and even the most experienced peer reviewers express interest in continuing education. The objective of this review article is to summarize the collective perspectives of experienced journal editors about how to be a good reviewer in a step‐by‐step guide that can serve as a resource for the performance of peer review of a scientific manuscript. Methods This is a narrative review. Results A review of the history and an overview of the modern‐day peer review process are provided with attention to the role played by the reviewer, including important reasons for involvement in scientific peer review. The general components of a scientific peer review are described, and a model for how to structure a peer review report is provided. These concepts are also summarized in a reviewer checklist that can be used in real‐time to develop and double‐check one's reviewer report before submitting it. Conclusions Peer review is a critically important service for maintaining quality in the scientific literature. Peer review of a scientific manuscript and the associated reviewer's report should assess specific details related to the accuracy, validity, novelty, and interpretation of a study's results. We hope that this article will serve as a resource and guide for reviewers of all levels of experience in the performance of peer review of a scientific manuscript.

Benchtop NMR is enjoying a renaissance with numerous manufacturers bringing products to the market over the last decade. The improved accessibility, lower cost of ownership and ease of use (vs high field NMR), is attracting new users into NMR spectroscopy, which is highly beneficial for the field in general. As benchtop NMR systems seldom require deuterated solvents, this allows samples to be analyzed “as is”, without extraction or alteration. However, many interesting samples, be it an organic reaction mixture, beer, or a biofluid, contain one or more solvent/water signals, which often require suppression. Due to the lower spectral dispersion of benchtop NMR's (vs high field) the frequency of solvent/water is much closer to the analytes of interest, making solvent suppression more challenging. As such, there is a conundrum, where novel users wish to analyze unaltered samples but are quickly faced with the challenge of water suppression, and the wealth of options in the high field literature can be overwhelming. It is important to note that all manufacturers offer some sort of automated water suppression that can be performed with a “single click” that are sufficient for “walk-up” applications or occasional users. This primer is aimed as an accessible guide to those wishing to take the next step and is suitable for users who; 1) would like to pick the optimal water suppression approach for their sample type and 2) wish to understand how water suppression works. The guide focuses on water suppression approaches that are easy to apply, namely presaturation based sequences, binomial sequences for aggressive suppression, and WET for multiple signal suppression, across a range of samples including sucrose standards, espresso, human blood serum and wine. The primer finishes with a flow chart that can be used to guide users in choosing the optimal water suppression approach for their specific sample type, with considerations, including exchangeable signals and the preservation of macromolecular signals, amongst others. In addition, the primer includes 3 fully interactive videos based on H5P technology, focusing on how to acquire data using the approaches described here. The videos include quizzes, with a first-person-perspective of the spectrometer software with interactive elements, as if the users were acquiring the data themselves. In summary, the primer is aimed at advanced undergraduates, graduate students, new users, or users wishing to expand their water/solvent suppression skills/knowledge using benchtop NMR.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of separately curing the unfilled resin for increased bond strength of the orthodontic brackets as the literature shows both studies that support and contradict this aspect. Methodology: The sample consisted of 120 specimens randomly grouped into four of 30. The tooth was cleaned of tissue and debris and stored in a distilled water solution until the procedures of bonding. The surface of the enamel was conditioned with pumice, and acrylic blocks were designed for the tooth to be mounted onto them. The buccal surfaces of all the teeth were prepared by etching the enamel with 37% phosphoric acid for a time period of 30 seconds and washed for 20 seconds under running water. Stainless steel brackets (Victory Series™ MBT, 0.022 Slot) were used for all the samples in the study, and the bonding procedure was conducted on the same day for all the groups. The artificial saliva was used for the storage of samples for 24 h after bonding, and shear bond strength testing was conducted using an Instron machine in shear or peel mode at a crosshead speed. Results: The highest mean bond strength calculated was for the conventional technique (17.45 mpa), while it was the lowest for no primer adhesive (11.21 mpa). Group IV had a greater distribution of ARI scores than groups I, II, and III. Conclusion: Group IV achieved the highest bond strength when compared to other groups, with an ARI score of 3. Group III had less bond strength, likely due to incomplete curing of the primer due to insufficient exposure to light. Transbond XT can be used without primer, making bonding, debonding, and cleaning procedures easy and less time-consuming.

Background: Nanosized antibacterial agents can be used to prevent biofilm buildup on orthodontic appliances and auxiliaries, limiting microbial adherence and preventing caries. Nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance the antibacterial properties of orthodontic materials due to their smaller particle size and larger surface area. Materials and Methods: The study's material analysis was divided into four groups, numbered I through IV, using Transbond XT Primer as a control and modifying group I by adding various antibacterial agents. 98.1 g of mutans–sanguis agar was dissolved in 1,000 ml of warm distilled water and autoclaved for 15 minutes at 121°C and 15 lb pressure. 176 disk specimens of 6 mm in diameter were created, sterilized in an autoclave, and heated to 60°C in a hot air oven for 1 hour. Ten milliliters of primer containing different antimicrobial agents was applied to the sterilized disks. Four petri plates were used for each concentration, with 16 disks in each group. 44 petri plates in all were utilized. Results: The orthodontic primer modified by the addition of antibacterial agents showed a significantly increased antimicrobial activity, and nanobenzalkonium chloride (BAC) at 5% concentration showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy among all groups. Nanohydroxyapatite showed the least. Conclusion: Within the confines of the current investigation, it was determined that the addition of antibacterial agents had significantly higher antimicrobial activity and BAC at 5% concentration had the highest antimicrobial efficacy of all the groups.

This study combines three of the most common bird species in both Iraq and the rest of the globe. This type of study demonstrates the degree of genetic convergence between these species. Blood samples from chicken, Guinea fowl, and quail were used in this study. The Four hundred and fifty birds are divided into 150 birds per species. Blood from a bird was sampled. The DNA samples' purities varied from 1.8 to 1.9. the (22) Gen Script USA primers are used. Overall, all of the primers produced (340) bands, 95 of which were polymorphic, with the maximum number of bands belonging to the OPA-20 and the lowest number of bands to the OPA-13. OPA-12 had the highest percentage (50.0), though. Primer OPA-20 has the widest molecular weight range (100- 1500 bp). Guinea fowl have a greatest number of bands overall (131), while quail reported the highest polymorphic bands overall (12) and polymorphism percentage (11.8). The maximum genetic similarity is found between chicken and quail (0.608), it is obvious that the genetic differences between the three groups are greatest between the Guinea fowl, quail and smallest between the quail and the chicken.

Paintings inevitably bear severe mechanical loads during transportation.Understanding the dynamic characteristics of paintings helps to avoid damage during transportation and to effectively slow down their aging.In this contribution, the vibration characteristics of canvas and primed canvas of paintings and their influencing factors are studied experimentally.For this reason, two dummy paintings with canvas in a common orientation and a tilted orientation are investigated, and an experimental setup using an excitation mechanism and a laser Doppler vibrometer is developed.In order to avoid changes of the modal parameters related to humidity or temperature, all experiments were conducted in a climate box.The modal parameters of dummy paintings are identified by means of experimental modal analysis.Also, the difference in modal properties of the two dummy paintings before and after applying the primer are compared.The identified modal parameters are used to reconstruct their eigenmodes.From the identified modal parameters a numerical model is derived, which is then compared to measurements.The comparison shows a good agreement, hence is a hint for the correctness of assuming a modal structure and the quality of the modal parameter identification.Lastly, with the help of the climate box, the influences of humidity and temperature on the eigenfrequencies of dummy paintings are studied.

BACKGROUND: Drug-related pneumonitis is a hallmark adverse event of some systemic antican- cer therapies and is characterized by chronic lung inflammation that requires intervention and possible discontinuation of the causative agent. The etiology of pneumonitis is closely related to the mechanism of action of the oncologic drug involved, and alternative treatment options need to be explored more thoroughly. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, interstitial lung dis- ease related to anticancer therapy has been more difficult to diagnose, because the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 pneumonia can mirror that of drug-related pneumonitis. There is very little information about the risk for pneumonitis with anticancer therapies in patients who received the COVID-19 vaccination series or who had COVID-19. OBJECTIVES: To highlight the incidence of drug-related pneumonitis in patients who received the COVID-19 vaccination series or who had COVID-19, and to provide information on the duration of onset, diagnosis, and management strategies of drug-related pneumonitis. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective chart review study included patients who were re- ceiving anticancer therapy and were diagnosed with COVID-19 or received COVID-19 vaccination between July 1, 2021, and May 31, 2022, at MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper University Hospital. The primary outcomes were the time from the COVID-19 primer to having symptoms of drug-related pneumonitis, and the time from receiving an anticancer therapy to having symptoms of drug-related pneumonitis. RESULTS: A total of 10 patients were included in the study. Of the 10 patients, 7 received a taxane drug and 5 patients had COVID-19 before drug-related pneumonitis. The time from COVID-19 to having drug-related pneumonitis ranged from 0.75 months to 14 months, and the time from COVID-19 vaccination to having a drug-related pneumonitis episode ranged from 0.5 months to 12 months. The average time from the start of an anticancer drug to the onset of pneumonitis was 75 days in the COVID-19 group and 28 days in the COVID-19 vaccination group. When separated by drug type, the median duration of onset of pneumonitis was longer in our study than in the patients in the historical data. CONCLUSION: In our study, we observed a possible increased sensitivity to drug-induced lung injury after having COVID-19 or after receiving COVID-19 vaccination. The results of our study also show a longer median duration of onset of pneumonitis than was previously reported in the histor- ical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose and methods: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has once again affirmed the significant threat of respiratory infections to global public health and the utmost importance of prompt diagnosis in managing and mitigating any pandemic. The nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is the primary detection method for most pathogens. Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a rapid, simple, sensitive, and specific epitome of isothermal NAAT performed using a set of four to six primers. Primer design is a fundamental step in LAMP assays, with several complexities and experimental screening requirements. To address this challenge, an online database is presented here. Its workflow comprises three steps: literature aggregation, data curation, and database and website implementation. Results: LAMPPrimerBank (https://lampprimerbank.mathematik.uni-marburg.de) is a manually curated database dedicated to experimentally validated LAMP primers, their peculiarities of assays, and accompanying literature, with a primary emphasis on respiratory pathogens. LAMPPrimerBank, with its user-friendly web interface and an open application programming interface, enables the accelerated and facile exploration, comparison, and exportation of LAMP primer sequences and their respective information from the massively scattered literature. LAMPPrimerBank currently comprises LAMP primers for diagnosing viral, bacterial, and fungal respiratory pathogens. Additionally, to address the challenge of false-positive results generated by nonspecific amplifications, LAMPPrimerBank computationally predicted and visualized the sizes of LAMP products for recorded primer sets in the database. Conclusion: LAMPPrimerBank, as a pioneering database in the rapidly expanding field of isothermal NAAT, endeavors to confront the two challenges of the LAMP: primer design and discrimination of false-positive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the ideological format of the primer, the first book that teaches reading. The concept "ideologeme", the role of ideologemes in the spiritual, moral and socio-political education of children is considered. The authors examine persistent verbal complexes along with visual means in educational publications as representatives of ideological attitudes that play an important role in shaping the worldview of younger children. The transformations taking place in society are invariably reflected in the ideological attitudes mainstreamed in educational literature. The ideologeme "faith" is analyzed on the basis of primers and books for teaching reading literacy, published in the German language in the period from 1901 to 2022. The ideologeme "faith" is considered by analyzing its several universal concepts such as trust, mercy, kindness, care and a few phantom ones: faith in God's protection, faith in the leader, state leadership, in oneself; care for the soul, for the neighbor, for nature, for the common good. The obtained results make it possible to trace the transformation of the components of the universal ideologeme "faith" in a diachronic aspect and come to the conclusion that basic universal human values, updated by ideologemes, do not undergo significant changes over time, while socio-political, politically biased, artificially formed values, either transform or disappear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Kajian Veteriner is the property of Universitas Nusa Cendana, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A conversion coating was formed on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy by sol--gel method in a solution comprising organic silane and zirconium alkoxide as main components with ethanol as solvent. The surface morphology and composition, and element distribution and valence state of oxygen along the depth direction of coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical properties and structure of the conversion coating were examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effect of zirconium alkoxide content on the adhesion of organic primer coat was studied by long-term damp-heat test. The results showed that the sol--gel conversion coating consisted of an inorganic layer, which was mainly composed of covalently bonded Ti-O-Zr/Si structure, and an organic layer, which was formed by the crosslinking reaction of carbon chains attached to the silane. The sol--gel conversion coating obtained with 2 000 mg/kg of zirconium alkoxide featured the best structure integrity, and the primer sprayed on it had excellent adhesion and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infectious diseases of young and adult birds with respiratory syndrome are a significant deterrent to the development of industrial poultry farming due to decreased productivity and significant mortality. The only effective method of combating viral diseases is timely and targeted vaccination, which largely depends on laboratory diagnostic results. Aim: This article aims to study the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, (RT-PCR) which has the prospect of more effective diagnosis of vaccine strains of chicken infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease. Methods: The fastest and most accurate method for the differential diagnosis of pathogens in an associative viral infection is RT-PCR. The method proposed in the article for selecting primers for amplification made it possible to use this method for the simultaneous interspecies differential diagnosis of two or more viral agents, significantly accelerating their diagnosis. Results: The correlation of the nucleotide sequence obtained from sequencing to a specific virus strain is complicated by the lack of a single nomenclature mechanism for separating genetic groups. Conclusion: The results of this study will allow easy and fast typing of sequences into known and databased virus strains and avoid further confusion in the nomenclature of genetic groups in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection using molecular testing has played an important role in preventing the spread of COVID-19. However, the failure of SARS-CoV-2 N gene amplification in the Cepheid Xpert SARS-CoV-2 assay could lead to the failed detection of infections, possibly leading to spread. In this study, we examined N gene amplification failure due to a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) in the N2 region of the gene. Methods: Xpert assay results obtained at our hospital since March 2021 were retrospectively reviewed and samples with strong E gene and failed N gene amplification were selected. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using the Illumina platform. Lineage analyses were conducted and the N2 target region of the US CDC 2019-nCoV real-time PCR primer sequence, used in PCR assays of SARS-CoV-2 infection, was compared with the reference SARS-COV-2 sequence (Wuhan-Hu-1, NC_045512.2). Results: The two samples eligible for this study were classified as BA.5.2 (22B, Omicron) and included two synonymous SNVs, C29197T and C29200T, respectively. Both variants resulted in synonymous mutation of the N gene encoding alanine. The distribution of variants varied across different countries. Conclusions: Clinical laboratories performing molecular tests targeting the N gene of SARS-CoV-2 should consider the probability of N gene amplification failure when reporting the test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Tritrichomonas muris (T. muris) mainly parasitizes the ceca of different rodent species worldwide. To date, there are no ideal methods for the detection of T. muris infections in laboratory mice. This study developed a nested PCR reaction using a novel specific primer based on the conserved regions of the SSU rRNA gene of T. muris for a molecular epidemiological survey (investigation) of T. muris infections in laboratory mice. The results showed that the nested PCR system has higher sensitivity, reliability, and specificity. The nested PCR system showed an infection rate of T. muris of 18.96% (58/306), which was higher than the infection rate of 14.05% (43/306) that was detected via smear microscopy in fecal samples from five mouse strains. The sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR in detecting T. muris was found to be 100%, and it demonstrated a 26% increase in diagnostic sensitivity compared to the smear microscopy method. The present study provides a new method for the molecular epidemiological investigation of T. muris infections in laboratory mice. A variety of rodent ceca are parasitized by Tritrichomonas muris (T. muris), a flagellated protozoan. To date, there are no ideal methods for the detection of T. muris infections in laboratory mice; thus, new molecular methodologies for its specific detection need to be developed. In this study, using staining and SEM, it was observed that T. muris has a pear-shaped body and contains three anterior flagella. A nested PCR system with novel specific primers was designed based on the conserved regions of the SSU rRNA gene of T. muris. The nested PCR system for T. muris showed good specificity and high sensitivity for at least 100 T. muris trophozoites/mL and 0.1 ng/μL of fecal genomic DNA, which means that 176 trophozoites per gram of mouse feces could be detected. When using this nested PCR system, the detection rate was 18.96% (58/306), which was higher than the detection rate of 14.05% (43/306) detected via smear microscopy in fecal samples from five mouse strains. The sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR in detecting T. muris was found to be 100%, and it demonstrated a 26% increase in diagnostic sensitivity compared to the smear microscopy method in the present study. In conclusion, the nested PCR developed with novel primers based on the SSU rRNA gene of T. muris has good accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity for the detection of T. muris infections in laboratory mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]