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BACKGROUND: A recent meta-analysis revealed that vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV; a biomarker of emotion regulation capacity) significantly decreases in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. As two follow-up studies suggest, these vmHRV decreases are driven primarily by increased luteal progesterone (P4). However, analyses also revealed significant interindividual differences in vmHRV reactivity to the cycle, which is in line with longstanding evidence for interindividual differences in mood sensitivity to the cycle. The present study begins to investigate whether these interindividual differences in vmHRV cyclicity can explain who is at higher risk of showing premenstrual emotional changes. We expected a greater degree of midluteal vmHRV decrease to be predictive of a greater premenstrual increase in negative affect. METHODS: We conducted an observational study with a naturally cycling community sample (N = 31, M = 26.03 years). Over a span of six weeks, participants completed (a) daily ratings of negative affect and (b) counterbalanced lab visits in their ovulatory, midluteal, and perimenstrual phases. Lab visits were scheduled based on positive ovulation tests and included assessments of baseline vmHRV and salivary ovarian steroid levels. RESULTS: In line with previous research, multilevel models suggest that most of the sample shows ovulatory-to-midluteal vmHRV decreases which, however, were not associated with premenstrual emotional changes. Interestingly, it was only the subgroup with luteal increases in vmHRV whose negative affect markedly worsened premenstrually and improved postmenstrually. CONCLUSION: The present study begins to investigate cyclical changes in vmHRV as a potential biomarker of mood sensitivity to the menstrual cycle. The results demonstrate a higher level of complexity in these associations than initially expected, given that only atypical midluteal increases in vmHRV are associated with greater premenstrual negative affect. Potential underlying mechanisms are discussed, among those the possibility that luteal vmHRV increases index compensatory efforts to regulate emotion in those with greater premenstrual negative affect. However, future studies with larger and clinical samples and more granular vmHRV assessments should build on these findings and further explore associations between vmHRV cyclicity and menstrually related mood changes.

We present the clinical and radiological characteristics of phalangeal microgeodic syndrome in a cluster of five children during the second peak of COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Each child presented with phalangeal swelling and erythema, prompting a comprehensive multi-disciplinary team review to analyse the clinical presentation, blood test results and imaging. The cohort's average age was 14.1 years, ranging from 10.4 to 16.6 years, with two girls and three boys. Four children experienced phalangeal involvement in the hands, whilst one was affected solely in the feet. A rheumatological work-up was performed for all. Hand X-rays performed on three children revealed distinct radiographic features like microgeodes, subperiosteal bone resorption and rarefaction in two cases. However, further MRI showed extensive changes closely correlated with the clinical signs of cutaneous vasculopathic rashes. The MRI abnormalities were notable, encompassing marrow oedema primarily affecting metaphyses and epiphyses, displaying broad transition zones. Soft tissue swelling and cortical erosions were also observed. These MRI features proved more pathognomonic in the acute clinical context. The study concluded that phalangeal microgeodic syndrome, characterised by digital swelling and erythema, might not be adequately assessed by plain X-rays. The more comprehensive MRI features, including marrow oedema and soft tissue abnormalities, appeared to be more indicative in diagnosing the condition. Considering the rarity of this syndrome and its temporal association with the COVID-19 pandemic, the study hypothesised that COVID-related thrombophilia and immune-mediated vasculopathy might act as crucial triggers for the active bony manifestations seen in this syndrome. Key points: • PMS is a rare, predominantly paediatric condition, of unknown aetiology which affects the digits. • Laboratory investigations are generally negative; however, in the appropriate clinical context, the X-ray findings of microgeodes and pattern of bone marrow oedema seen on MRI are pathognomonic. • Considering the rarity of PMS and temporal association with the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID vasculopathy may represent a previously unrecognised aetiology for PMS [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premenstrual disorders (PMDs) affect women's quality of life, yet the impact on romantic relationships remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between severe PMDs and relationship disruption and initiation. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 15,606 women during 2009–2021 in Sweden. PMDs were assessed with the modified Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool at baseline (one-time retrospective self-report), while relationship status was obtained from national population registers during follow-up. Poisson regression was employed to assess the risk of relationship change. At baseline (mean age 33.5 years), 1666 (10.6 %) women met the criteria for severe PMDs. All women were followed for 9.1 years on average for any change of relationship status. Among married/cohabiting women, PMDs were positively associated with relationship disruption (Incidence risk ratio, IRR =1.21, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.43, p = 0.03). A more pronounced association was suggested for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (IRR = 1.22, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.45, p = 0.03) than severe premenstrual syndrome (IRR = 1.01, 95 % CI: 0.43–1.96, p = 0.98) and among women without depression/anxiety (IRR = 1.21, 95 % CI: 1.00–1.47, p < 0.05) than among those with (IRR = 0.99, 95 % CI: 0.61–1.54 p = 0.96) and IRR = 1.01, 95 % CI: 0.57–1.72, p = 0.97). Among single women, a null association was found between PMDs and relationship initiation (IRR = 1.05, 95 % CI: 0.95–1.15, p = 0.32). PMDs were not assessed using prospective symptom charting. Married/cohabiting women with probable severe PMDs have an increased risk of relationship disruption. PMDs were not associated with relationship initiation in single women. Healthcare professionals should recognize relationship challenges in women with severe PMDs, and they may require support to maintain healthy relationships. • It's unknown if chronic and cyclic symptoms of premenstrual disorders (PMDs) affect relationship disruption and initiation. • In a Swedish cohort, married or cohabiting women with severe PMDs have an increased risk of relationship disruption. • Single women with severe PMDs did not have a lower rate of relationship initiation. • Partnered women with severe PMDs may require more substantial professional support than currently recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), collectively known as Premenstrual Disorders (PMDs), cause significant distress and functional impairment, and premenstrual exacerbation (PME) affects a large proportion of women with psychiatric diagnoses. Childhood trauma is one factor that may contribute to PMD/PME risk. This study examines the relationship between childhood trauma and PMDs, PME, and non-PMD psychiatric illness. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort. Participants completed self-assessments on childhood trauma using the Childhood Traumatic Event Scale (CTE-S) and on premenstrual symptoms using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST). Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed through structured clinical interviews. Participants were divided into four groups based on their PSST scores and psychiatric illness status: (1) Premenstrual Disorders (PMDs; moderate to severe PMS and PMDD), (2) PME, (3) psychiatric controls (PC; individuals with psychiatric illness but no significant premenstrual symptoms), and (4) healthy controls (HC; individuals with no psychiatric illness and no significant premenstrual symptoms). Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression, were conducted to examine differences among the groups. Results: Data from 391 participants were analyzed. Participants with PME and PC reported a higher quantity and severity of childhood traumatic events compared to HCs (p <.05). There was a weak but significant correlation between childhood trauma and premenstrual symptom burden across all groups (R = .18, p <.001). Within-group analysis revealed moderate correlations between childhood trauma and premenstrual symptoms driven by the PMD group (R = .42, p = .01). Conclusions: The findings underscore the impact of childhood traumatic events on mental health and premenstrual symptoms and highlight the need for additional research to explore the underlying mechanisms linking childhood trauma to the continuum of premenstrual disorders, to improve the efficacy of trauma-focused interventions for affected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Method Results Conclusion Premenstrual syndrome is a women's health problem affecting women of reproductive age. Early traumas may have negative effects on women's health. Childhood traumas are thought to be an important risk factor for the emergence of premenstrual syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between premenstrual syndrome and childhood traumas in women.This is a cross‐sectional study. This study was conducted online between September 2023 and January 2024. The sample of the study consisted of 437 women of reproductive age, between the ages of 18–49, who did not have any obstacles to participating in the study. Personal Information Form, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale and Childhood Trauma Scale were used to collect the data. SPPS statistical program was used to analyze the data.The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was 55.6%. Emotional neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse and sexual abuse levels were found to be higher in women with premenstrual syndrome (p < 0.05). It was determined that childhood traumas increased the level of premenstrual syndrome in women (ß = 0.266). Childhood trauma explained 6.8% of the total change in premenstrual syndrome level (R2 = 0.068). Emotional neglect (ß = 0.163) and physical abuse (ß = 0.121) increased the level of premenstrual syndrome.Childhood traumas were found to be an important factor affecting the occurrence of premenstrual syndrome and exacerbating its symptoms. Early detection of childhood traumas may prevent long‐term problems that may occur in individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) typically experience a range of psychological and physiological symptoms that negatively affect their quality of life. Disruption in biological rhythms, including alterations of the sleep–wake cycle, have been implicated in PMS/PMDD, though literature is still growing to substantiate these findings. The objective of this study is to systematically review the available literature on biological rhythms disruption in PMS/PMDD. Methods: A literature search was conducted on four databases (Pubmed, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science) on December 3rd, 2021. This search yielded a total of 575 articles that assessed the relationship between biological rhythms and PMS/PMDD/premenstrual symptoms. Results: After the exclusion of irrelevant articles and hand-searching references, 25 articles were included in this systematic review. Some studies showed that women with PMS/PMDD present lower melatonin levels, elevated nighttime core body temperature, and worse subjective perception of sleep quality when compared to women without PMS/PMDD. Other biological rhythms parameters showed either no differences between groups (wrist actimetry) or conflicting results (objective sleep parameters, cortisol, prolactin, and thyroid stimulating hormone). Conclusion: Current research demonstrates that women with PMS/PMDD experience lower melatonin levels, higher body temperature, and worse subjective perception of sleep quality. This review outlines some possible mechanisms behind these findings and proposes recommendations for future research. This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under registration number CRD42020149921. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have an increased risk of infections. Objectives: To characterize incidence, clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors of infections, and serious infections (SIs) in ocrelizumab (OCR)-treated PwMS. Design: Post-hoc analysis of pooled data from 6155 patients in 13 clinical trials. Methods: Descriptive analyses of clinical characteristics and outcomes were reported over ⩽14 years. A Poisson Generalized Estimating Equation model was constructed to examine risk factors in a subgroup of patients with longer exposure to OCR (n = 2092). Results: Over a median (max) treatment period of 3.7 (13.9) years, 420/6155 patients (6.8%) experienced 583 SIs, excluding coronavirus disease 2019. Incidence rates in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS; 1.50 per 100 patient years [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34–1.68]) and progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS; 3.70 [95% CI: 3.27–4.17]) remained stable over this period. Lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, abdominal and gastrointestinal, and skin infections were the most commonly reported SIs. Most SIs (~90%) resolved, and treatment with OCR was continued in >80% of cases. The presence of 1 or ⩾2 comorbidities (rate ratio = 1.66, 2.73, respectively), recent relapse activity (2.06), and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ⩾6.0 (2.02) were significant risk factors for SIs in patients with RMS treated over a median (max) period of 8.3 (11.2) years. In patients with primary PMS treated over a median (max) period of 7.1 (11.8) years, an EDSS score ⩾6.0 was associated with the greatest risk of SIs, a 4-fold increase (rate ratio, 4.31), followed by abnormal immunoglobulin (Ig)M levels (1.89), the presence of ⩾2 comorbidities (1.80), and having overweight/obesity (1.46). Time on OCR and abnormal IgG levels were not significantly associated with an increased SI risk. Conclusion: Continuous long-term treatment with OCR is associated with a manageable infection risk profile. Optimal disease control and addressing modifiable risk factors may reduce the risk of infections. Plain language summary: Is continued treatment with ocrelizumab associated with a higher risk of infections and serious infections in patients with multiple sclerosis? Patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are at an increased risk of infections compared with the general population. Infections are also among the most frequently reported side effect in PwMS treated with ocrelizumab. Initial analyses have shown that serious infection (SI) rates in PwMS treated with ocrelizumab were stable over 6 years, but there is concern that this rate may increase with continued treatment. This study aimed to describe infections and SIs in PwMS treated with ocrelizumab and look into factors that increase patients' susceptibility to infections. We analyzed the largest population of PwMS ever treated with ocrelizumab, including 6155 patients from 13 clinical trials. Some of these patients received ocrelizumab for as long as 14 years. Approximately 7 out of every 100 patients experienced SIs, excluding COVID-19 infections, with no increase in yearly rates of SIs over time. Pneumonia and urinary tract infections were the most common SIs. Almost all patients recovered from their infections (>9 out of 10 cases), and continued treatment with ocrelizumab (>8 out of 10 cases). When looking at factors that made PwMS more prone to SIs, we found that patients with relapsing MS had an increased risk if they had experienced recent MS relapses, severe walking difficulties, or other health conditions like diabetes and bladder problems. Patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS) with severe walking difficulties were four times more likely to have SIs. Having other health conditions like heart or bladder problems, low levels of immunoglobulin M, or excess weight also increased the risk of SIs in patients with PPMS. In conclusion, continued treatment with ocrelizumab did not increase the risk of SIs, and most of those infections resolved without stopping ocrelizumab treatment. Addressing certain health conditions and achieving a good control of the MS disease may help to reduce the risk of SIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a condition affecting up to 47.8 per cent of women of reproductive age with severe symptoms occurring in 3-8 per cent. it is characterised by a range of emotional, physical, and behavioral symptoms occurring in the Luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms include mood swings, bloating, fatigue, irritability and depression, significantly impacting daily life. Despite its prevalence, the etiology and pathophysiology of PMS remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the Comparison of Hormonal parameters between normal and PMSaffected women in the Luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, thereby shedding light on the physiological underpinnings of PMS. Objective: The study aims to compare hormonal parameters and an electrolyte between normal and PMS-affected women of reproductive age. Material and methods: This study was conducted on 80 women of which 40 were normal Control and 40 were as study population with PMS Symptoms, in the Department of Physiology in Collaboration Obstetrics & Gynecology department at Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Malwanchal University, Indore. This study was carried out for three years from July 2021 to April 2024. Observation and Result: In this study, we have calculated the mean and standard deviation of hormonal parameters. The mean estrogen level in control participants is 87.87 and the standard deviation is 29.46. The mean estrogen level in PMS-affected women is 66.5 and the standard deviation of is 21.91. The mean progesterone level in the control group is 1.97 and the standard deviation is 1.18. The mean Progesterone level in PMS-affected women is 1.52 and the standard deviation was 0.91. The mean FSH level in normal females was 2.65 and the standard deviation was 1.11. The mean FSH level in PMS-affected women was 3.03 and Std was 1.5. The mean LH level in normal women was 2.36 and Std 0.9 The mean LH level in PMS affected group was 3.34 and SD 1.42. The mean Prolactin in the control group of women was 6.13 and the standard deviation value was 2.09 The mean value of prolactin in PMS-affected women was 7.7 and the standard deviation was 1.18. The mean TSH level in normal females was 3.47 and the standard deviation was 1.2. The mean TSH level in PMS-affected females was 4.55 and the standard deviation was 1.53. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of menstrual cycle phases and symptoms on match running performance in football (soccer) players. Twenty‐one nonhormonal contraceptive using football players from four professional teams were monitored for up to four menstrual cycles during a domestic league season. Menstrual phases, classified as early‐follicular phase (EFP), mid‐late follicular phase (MFP), and luteal phase (LP), were determined by self‐reporting of menstruation and urinary hormone tests (luteinizing hormone and pregnanediol‐3‐glucuronide). On match day, players completed a menstrual symptom severity questionnaire. In repeated matches, players wore 10 Hz Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) devices to measure relative (/min) total distance, high‐speed running distance, very high‐speed distance, peak speed, acceleration count, and deceleration count. Linear mixed models were performed for each GPS measure to determine the relationship with phase or symptoms. Data for 7 and 10 players were included for menstrual phase and menstrual symptoms analyses, respectively. A significantly higher total distance was reported during MFP compared to EFP (Δ 5.1 m min−1; p = 0.04) and LP (Δ 5.8 m min−1; p = 0.007). Significantly greater high‐speed running was reported during MFP compared to EFP (Δ 1.2 m min−1; p = 0.012) and LP (Δ 1.1 m min−1; p = 0.007). No significant effect of menstrual phase was found for any other GPS measures (p > 0.05). Accelerations declined with increasing symptom severity (p = 0.021, estimate = −0.01count.min−1). Menstrual symptom severity did not affect any other GPS measures (p > 0.05). In conclusion, greater total distance and high‐speed running occurred during the MFP. Additionally, accelerations minimally decreased with increasing menstrual symptom severity. Large intra‐ and inter‐variability existed, suggesting individualized monitoring and management of menstrual effects on performance would be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a common condition that may have negative effects on social life, couples' relationships and professional activities. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors and characteristics of dysmenorrhea and its impact on patients' quality of life using a specific self-questionnaire named "DysmenQoL questionnaire". We also checked the validity and reliability of this questionnaire in our population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 504 participants of reproductive age between 18 and 45 years of age. The data were collected with an original form divided into three sections. The last section (DysmenQoL questionnaire) included 20 statements scored from 1 ("never") to 5 ("every time") that evaluates the effects of menstrual pain on health and feelings, daily activities, relationships and professional activity. We calculated the sum of the scores for each statement and we called it the "DysmenQoL score". Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 83.7%. The presence of dysmenorrhea was statistically significant associated with the degree of menstrual bleeding (p = 0.017), the presence of infertility (p = 0.034) and dyspareunia (p = 0.002), but also with the presence of premenstrual syndrome and a family history of dysmenorrhea (p < 0.001). Among the participants with dysmenorrhea, 73.9% considered that this symptom affected their quality of life, and this was correlated with pain intensity and the DysmenQoL score (p < 0.001). A significant difference regarding the DysmenQoL score depending on the pain intensity, frequency and duration of dysmenorrhea and the methods used to reduce the pain was observed. Conclusions: Dysmenorrhea had a high prevalence among the participants included in the study, and its presence was associated with a series of risk factors. Most women considered that dysmenorrhea affected their quality of life. The DysmenQoL questionnaire proved to be a reliable and valid method for evaluating the impact of dysmenorrhea on quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Contraceptive methods are well-established in their ability to prevent pregnancy and increase individual agency in childbearing. Evidence suggests that contraceptives can also be used to treat adverse conditions associated with menstruation, including abnormal and prolonged uterine bleeding, heavy menstrual bleeding, painful menstruation, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and premenstrual dysphoric disorders. This review investigates the effects of contraceptive techniques such as contraceptive pills, and long-acting reversible contraceptives (e.g. intrauterine devices, implants) on menstrual morbidity. Methods: Over ten databases with no geographical boundaries were searched from inception until October 2023. Study designs were one of the following types to be included: parallel or cluster randomised controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, controlled before and after studies, interrupted time series studies, cohort or longitudinal analyses, regression discontinuity designs, and case-control studies. Ten team members screened the papers in pairs with a Kappa score of more than 7, and Covidence was used. Conflicts were resolved by discussion, and the full papers were divided among the reviewers to extract the data from eligible studies. Results: Hormonal contraceptives are considered a well-tolerated, non-invasive, and clinically effective treatment for abnormal and prolonged uterine bleeding, heavy menstrual bleeding, painful menstruation, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and premenstrual dysphoric disorders. Our studies investigating quality of life or well-being in women with heavy menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids have found improvements in all dimensions assessed. Conclusions: Hormonal contraceptives significantly reduce pain, symptom severity, and abnormal bleeding patterns associated with women who suffer from heavy menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. SHORT CONDENSATION: Hormonal contraceptives significantly reduce pain, symptom severity, and abnormal bleeding patterns associated with women who suffer from heavy menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. Findings can inform clinical practice and policy decisions to ensure that women have access to safe and effective contraceptive options that promote both reproductive and non-reproductive health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the most commonly experienced symptoms of premenstrual disorder (PMD) is anxiety, and there is a notable rise in sympathomimetic activity in this patient group. Studies have linked fluctuations in systemic autonomic tone to electrocardiography (ECG) changes. This study aims to investigate the relationship between anxiety, a common symptom of PMD, and alterations in QT dispersion (QTd) and P‐wave dispersion (Pd) in adolescent females. Methods: This cross‐sectional study included female adolescents aged 12–18 with regular menstruation for at least 3 months. Participants completed the premenstrual syndrome scale (PMSS) and were divided into two groups, PMD and control, according to the PMSS score. A standard 12‐lead body surface ECG was performed and QTd and Pd values were determined in each participant. Results: Of the 43 participants, 27 were categorized into the PMD group, with a mean age of 15.15 ± 1.43 years. Age at menarche and menstrual cycle patterns were comparable between the PMD and control groups. Statistical analysis revealed significantly higher Pmin (p = 0.010) and Pd values (p < 0.001) in the PMD group compared to controls. A positive correlation between PMSS scores and Pd (p = 0.049) was also observed. Conclusions: Changes in atrial conduction and ventricular repolarization due to the pathophysiology of PMD may increase the risk of developing atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias over time. Screening patients with PMD using an ECG may be useful in identifying potentially at‐risk adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusions This study aimed to describe the use of etonogestrel (ENG) implants for menstrual management (i.e., management of bleeding and symptoms associated with menstruation) in individuals with intellectual disabilities.This study retrospectively analyzed a cohort of individuals with intellectual disabilities who began using ENG implants between 2003 and 2018, in Joinville, Brazil. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, and reproductive data from the medical records, along with information related to ENG implant use.In total, 369 implants were placed in 130 individuals with intellectual disabilities. The median age at the first implant was 20 (interquartile range [IQR], 17–26) years, and 43.8% of the patients were adolescents. By December 2018, 90 patients had received two or more subsequent implants. The median duration of current ENG implant use was 19 (IQR, 12.8–22) months. More than 40% of the patients had comorbidities, with epilepsy being the most common. During the use of the current implant, 80% of the patients had a favorable bleeding profile (no bleeding or ≤1 bleeding episode per month), and 53.8% (70/130) had no bleeding within 3 months before their last medical visit. Among patients experiencing dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), 79% (64/81) and 82% (54/66) reported complete improvement, respectively. The premature implant removal rate was 8.9% (33/369). Unfavorable bleeding was the main reason for premature implant removal (20 out 33 removals).ENG implants might be a suitable option for individuals with intellectual disabilities who require management of menstrual bleeding and symptoms associated with menstruation. Most patients had a favorable bleeding profile and experienced significant improvements in dysmenorrhea and PMS, contributing to the high continuation rates of ENG implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premenstrual Syndrome significantly affects young women's quality of life, encompassing psychological and clinical symptoms. The aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive and reliable Premenstrual Syndrome Quality of Life Scale and identify factors that affect women's quality of life. A methodological and descriptive study was conducted to develop a Premenstrual Syndrome Quality of Life Scale in three phases. Initially, a literature review and qualitative interviews were conducted to generate an item pool. In the second phase, the validity and reliability of the scale were tested. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used to confirm the validity and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated for reliability. In the final phase, the psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated. A 28-item scale was developed in phase one. In Phase two 260 women were participated. Factor analysis confirmed the scale's validity with a KMO measure of 0.837 and significant Bartlett's Sphericity Test (p < 0.000). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for the scale. Reliability analysis showed high reliability for the overall scale and subscales. Phase three included 212 participants diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome. There are no significant correlations between age, menarche age, and overall PMS Quality-of-Life scores. However, higher PMS severity and urban living negatively impact quality of life (p < 0.05). The Premenstrual Syndrome Quality of Life Scale provides a holistic assessment of premenstrual syndrome impact on women's lives, addressing physical, emotional, and social dimensions. • The premenstrual syndrome is a multifaceted condition that affects women of reproductive age physically and emotionally. • PMS-QoL was developed to offer a comprehensive perspective on the challenges women face during premenstrual syndrome. • Health professionals can use PMS-QoL to improve interventions to meet women's needs during this period. • The PMS-QoL scale consists of 22 items divided into three subdimensions: physical, emotional, and social well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Menstrual disorders, influenced by dietary habits like high fat intake and low fruit and vegetable consumption, are a global public health issue. This study assessed the prevalence of dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and irregular menstrual cycle (IMC) among female university students in Bangladesh, focusing on food cravings and low vitamin A intake as risk factors. Methods: In this comprehensive study, data from randomly selected female university students were collected using a structured questionnaire. The associations were analyzed through chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression, reported as adjusted odds ratios (AOR). Results: The most prevalent menstrual disorder was dysmenorrhea (68.3%) followed by PMS (33.8%), and IMC (24.3%). Food cravers for high-fat and sweet foods were likely to experience dysmenorrhea (AOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5–3.9, P<0.001), suffer from PMS (AOR: 3.9, 95% CI: 2.3–6.6, P<0.001), and have IMC (AOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.6–5.3, P<0.001) vs. subjects who didn't. Subjects consuming vitamin A-rich plant foods had 40% (AOR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–0.9, P < 0.01) and 60% (AOR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.6, P<0.001) less likely suffering from dysmenorrhea and IMC vs. who didn't. Both underweight and overweight/obese subjects experienced more than 2-fold dysmenorrhea vs. normal-weight peers. The chance of IMC was nearly 3-fold among overweight/obese subjects. However, lower physical activity was associated with PMS and IMC whereas family history was associated with dysmenorrhea and PMS. Among the socio-demographic factors, maternal education, place of residence, and earlier menarche (≤12 years) were associated with dysmenorrhea while marital status was associated with IMC. Conclusion: This study indicates that increasing the intake of vitamin A-rich plant foods and reducing high-fat, sweet foods can lower the risk of dysmenorrhea and IMC. Additionally, it highlights the need for regular exercise to mitigate the increased risk of PMS and IMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion To evaluate the relationship between premenstrual disorders (PMD) and age, we analyzed the prevalence and severity of psycho‐emotional and physical symptoms in a representative sample of Brazilian women.This observational and retrospective study analyzed data from Brazilian women aged 20–49 years from five regions of the country who reported premenstrual symptoms. Participants completed a premenstrual symptom screening questionnaire and self‐reported the presence and severity of their symptoms. Among 23 104 women reporting does premenstrual symptoms, 38.91% (n = 8990) experienced PMD caused functional impairment. Finally, 5121 participants agreed to complete the adapted version of the screening questionnaire.The age group distribution was 20–29 (46.7%), 30–39 (38.3%), and 40–49 years (15%). The most prevalent and severe physical symptom was acne/oily skin in participants aged 20–29 years and headache in women aged 30–49 years. Regarding psycho‐emotional symptoms, the most prevalent was anxiety/tension in women aged 20–29 years and 40–49 years and irritability/anger in those aged 30–39 years. Irritability/anger was the most severe symptom in all groups.PMD significantly impacts the quality of life of Brazilian women with varying intensity. Physical symptoms associated with PMD vary with age, while psycho‐emotional symptoms, particularly irritability/anger and anxiety, were intense in Brazilian women of reproductive age. These findings inform early diagnosis and individualized treatment approaches for PMD, addressing the needs of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Premenstrual Syndrome is also known as premenstrual tension syndrome because of the pronounced premenstrual mental and emotional anomalies. This study focuses on the association between occupational stress, sleep quality and premenstrual syndrome in clinical nurses and the mediating role of sleep quality. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure occupational stress, sleep quality and premenstrual syndrome in 415 clinical nurses using the Chinese Nurses Stressor Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale, and the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale. SPSS was used to explore the relationship between the variables, and AMOS was used to explore the mediating role between the variables. Results: Nurses' occupational stress positively predicted PMS (β = 0.176, p < 0.001), and the regression coefficients for sleep quality were significantly different for both paths of nurses' occupational stress (β = 0.665, p < 0.001) and PMS (β = 0.261, p < 0.001). The mediation effect accounts for 49.57% of the total effect. Conclusion: This study revealed a notably high incidence of PMS among clinical nurses in China, with occupational stress and sleep quality significantly correlated with PMS. Sleep quality played an intermediary role between occupational stress and PMS. Consequently, managers should prioritize addressing occupational stress, mitigating PMS symptoms, enhancing nurses' health and nursing quality, and preventing nursing risks through mental health support and improving sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: As the psychological impact and decreased quality of life experienced by women living with a Premenstrual Disorder (PMD) has been reported in the literature, the aim of this systematic review and thematic synthesis was to explore a) their experiences and the psychological impact of PMDs, specifically Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), and b) their perceived support needs. Method: Six databases were searched for publications reporting on qualitative studies, since the database inception. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed. Results: Seventeen papers reporting on 479 women met the inclusion criteria: ten focused on PMS, six on PMDD and one on PMS and PMDD combined. Two main PMD themes were identified: 1) controlled by PMDs, which had three subthemes, and 2) a women and life left broken, with five subthemes. Conclusion: Women's accounts revealed that experiences of PMDs were intense, life changing and life-controlling. Women were left holding the responsibility of understanding and managing their own condition, whilst advocating for themselves in a healthcare setting in which their condition has been little understood. Consequently, women developed coping strategies to lead a functional life, and experienced changes to their sense of self. Clinical recommendations included the need for professionals working with women in crisis, to assess for PMDs and signpost towards specialist services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Premenstrual syndrome affects many women in their reproductive years and often disrupts their social connections and work. This study aimed to compare the effects of positive psychology and physical activity on depression, anxiety, and stress among students with premenstrual syndrome. Methods: In this four-group parallel clinical trial with blinded data analysis, 120 eligible students who experienced premenstrual syndrome were recruited based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and randomly allocated to four groups (n = 30) including three experiment groups as positive psychology, physical activity, and positive psychology, physical activity, and control group, using a simple randomization method. All four groups completed premenstrual syndrome screening and the DASS-21 questionnaire before the intervention. Then, the positive psychology intervention group received eight sessions of 70–90 min weekly intervention, the second group received eight weeks of aerobic physical activity intervention, and the third group received positive psychology and physical activity intervention for eight weeks. The control group did not receive any interventions. The DASS-21 was completed immediately after the intervention and two months later by all four groups. In this study, the participants and investigators were not blinded; however, the analysts were. The recruitment process took place from September 2018 to March 2019. One hundred twenty participants fulfilled the study. The Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS (v18). Results: Before and immediately after the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in depression, anxiety, and stress mean scores among the positive psychology, physical activity, positive psychology, and physical activity and control groups (p ≥ 0.05). However, two months after the intervention, a significant difference was observed between the four groups so there was a difference between the scores of the three intervention groups and the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between positive psychology, and physical activity groups. No significant adverse events or side effects were observed. Conclusion: Our findings supported the use of aerobic physical activity and educational interventions based on positive psychology as non-pharmacologic interventions to reduce anxiety, depression, and stress. This research should be replicated in different settings. Trial registration clinical trials: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/32363 (IRCT20130812014333N97), registered (11/08/2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a summary of various studies and trials related to multiple sclerosis (MS). The studies investigate different aspects of MS, including the association between changes in serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) and neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels with long-term progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) risk, the relationship between depression and disease activity and disability worsening in individuals with MS, the immune response to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in MS patients, and the effectiveness of simvastatin in slowing disability progression in secondary progressive MS. The document also discusses ongoing trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of tolebrutinib in participants with relapsing MS and non-relapsing secondary progressive MS. The results of these studies and trials will contribute to a better understanding of MS and potential treatment options. [Extracted from the article]

This document contains a collection of abstracts from various studies on bipolar disorder. The studies cover a range of topics, including the effects of medication on cardioprotection, the impact of stress on motivation and sociability, the presence of narcissistic personality features in bipolar depression, and the development of self-report inventories to assess (hypo)manic cognitions. Other studies explore causal pathways to psychosocial functioning, methods for predicting relapses, and genetic networks in different subtypes of bipolar disorder. These abstracts provide valuable insights into the understanding and management of bipolar disorder. [Extracted from the article]

Background: There are many factors effective on occurrence of post-partum anxiety and depression. COVID-19 pandemic, as a major health crisis, affected many countries and had undesirable mental health outcomes, especially for the vulnerable population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of post-partum anxiety and depression and their related factors during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 mothers who delivered their child during COVID-19 pandemic and had referred to the comprehensive urban health canter of Lenjan city two months after their delivery (from November 10th, 2021, until March 19th, 2022). Data were gathered using 3 questionnaires including demographic characteristics, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of anxiety and post-partum depression was 27% and 20%, respectively. None of the demographic characteristics had a significant relationship with anxiety and depression. Related factors to post-partum anxiety included desired pregnancy, premenstrual syndrome, marital conflicts, history of mother's hospitalization due to COVID-19, compliance rate with preventive health measures for COVID-19, stressful events, and social support. Conclusion: It is suggested to screen mothers to detect significant related factors of post-partum anxiety and depression in other future pandemics or epidemics to support them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder affecting women during their childbearing years, with especially adverse effects on adolescents. The current study examined the predictive role of two psycho-social factors, self-esteem, and social support, on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among adolescent females by using regression analysis. The study sample consisted of 240 menarcheal females from rural and urban schools of district, Shimla (H.P., India). Results revealed the significant role of Self-esteem and Social support in predicting PMS in both the samples (rural and urban). In the rural sample, self-esteem significantly and negatively explained (-)6% of the variance in dysphoria, (-)6% of the variance in somatic distress, and (-)5% of the variance in cognitive problems. In the urban sample, self-esteem significantly and negatively explained (-)4% of the variance in dysphoria and (-)6% of the variance in cognitive problem, while social support contributed significantly and negatively to (-)3% of the variance in somatic distress and (-)4% of the variance in cognitive problem. Overall, self-esteem and social support contributed (-)17% of the total variance (each) in PMS in both samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysmenorrhea treatment with 0.5 mg dienogest tablets twice daily (1 mg/day) has proven useful, but its effect on premenstrual disorders has not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 0.5 mg dienogest tablets in relieving premenstrual syndrome (PMS)-like symptoms during the treatment of dysmenorrhea in comparison with that of continuous low-dose estrogen–progestin (LEP/COC) drospirenone/ethinylestradiol combination, which is considered effective in treating premenstrual dysphoric disorder. During the standard course of dysmenorrhea treatment with dienogest or LEP/COC, PMS-like symptoms were scored based on patients' reports, and the treatment effects were compared. As a result, the dienogest group experienced a significant improvement in PMS-like symptoms compared with the LEP/COC group over the 6-month study period (p < 0.01). Furthermore, dienogest was more effective in providing relief from PMS-like symptoms, with 89.7% of patients reporting a complete resolution of PMS-like symptoms at 6 months, compared with 47.1% in the LEP/COC group (p < 0.01). These results indicate that dienogest is effective in relieving PMS-like symptoms, similar to LEP/COC. Further studies are needed to determine whether 0.5 mg dienogest tablets, which are only available in Japan, are effective in treating premenstrual disorders diagnosed via standard methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gestrinone (R-2323), or ethylnorgestrienone, is a synthetic steroid of the 19-nortestosterone group more commonly used as an oral, intravaginal, or subcutaneous implant for the treatment of endometriosis, contraception, and estrogen-dependent conditions such as hypermenorrhea, premenstrual dysphoria, and intense menstrual cramps. This review aims to reevaluate the routes, doses, and applicability proposed for using gestrinone, including its use in new conditions such as menopause, lipedema, and sarcopenia. Here, we present the possible application of gestrinone as a long-acting therapeutic possibility through hormonal implants and the benefits and potential risks. Available evidence on the safety of doses and routes is limited. Gestrinone appears to be effective compared to other progestins and may have some advantages in the treatment of estrogen-dependent pathologies. Future research must evaluate gestrinone's long-term safety and potential therapeutic indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inflammatory demyelination and impaired recovery processes result in permanent neurodegeneration and neurological disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In terms of smoldering MS, chronic neuroinflammation develops in the early period of the disease and leads to confirmed disability accumulation. There is a great need to identify biomarkers of neurodegeneration and disease progression. Methods: A single-center prospective observational study was performed. The median age of the patients was 40 (31–52) years. Women comprised 64% of the study population. We evaluated the concentrations of the parameters of brain injury (NF-H, GFAP, S100B and UCHL1) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the selected interleukins (ILs) in serum of 123 relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) and 88 progressive MS (PMS) patients. Results: The levels of GFAP, S100B and UCHL were higher in the PMS group than the RRMS group, in contrast to the levels of NF-H. We observed a positive correlation between the selected pro-inflammatory cytokines and the parameters of brain injury. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score increased with GFAP and NF-H levels and was correlated with the selected ILs. The concentrations of S100B, UCHL1 and NF-H reflected the duration of MS symptoms. Conclusions: The levels of brain injury parameters in the CSF and the selected serum ILs in MS patients seem to be promising biomarkers to determine neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in smoldering MS. Further studies are warranted in this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study evaluated the associations between inattention, impulsivity, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) across the menstrual cycle. Methods: This study enrolled 58 women with PMDD and 50 controls. Symptoms were assessed using the Attention and Performance Self-Assessment Scale and the Dickman Impulsivity Inventory during the pre-ovulatory (PO), mid-luteal (ML), and late luteal (LL) phases of the menstrual cycle. Results: The chi-square analysis revealed a significant association between ADHD and PMDD. Women with PMDD experienced a greater increase in scores of prospective everyday memory problems and difficulties maintaining focused attention from the PO phase to LL phase than the controls; in addition, they had higher scores in dysfunctional impulsivity during the LL phase than the controls. Among women in the PMDD group, those with ADHD had higher scores in prospective everyday memory problems and dysfunctional impulsivity during the PO and ML phases than those without ADHD. Women in the PMDD group without ADHD had a greater increase in scores of prospective everyday memory problems, difficulties maintaining focused attention, and dysfunctional impulsivity from the PO phase to the LL phase than the controls. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that women with PMDD were more likely to have comorbid ADHD and higher levels of inattention across the menstrual cycle. PMDD was associated with increased impulsivity during the LL phase, independent of ADHD, but it was not associated with a persistent elevation of impulsivity. Furthermore, PMDD women with comorbid ADHD experienced higher inattention and impulsivity during the PO and ML phases than those without it. Thus, ADHD comorbidity should be assessed when assessing or intervening in the symptoms of inattention and impulsivity in women with PMDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Echium amoenum (EA) and Foeniculum vulgare (FV) might be beneficial for the management of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) due to their possible effects on sex hormones and neurotransmitters such as serotonin. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a combination of Echium and Fennel on the severity of physical and psychological symptoms of PMS. Materials and Methods: This triple-blinded, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 80 women. The subjects were assigned to two groups of intervention (receiving EA 2 g/day and FV 1 g/day, in the second two weeks of the cycle, in two consecutive cycles) and placebo control. The data collection tools included the PSST, DRSP, and SF36 questionnaires. Results: Between-group differences in all subscales of DRSP were significant at one- and two-month time points (p<0.05). Bleeding volume was significantly increased in the intervention group, compared to the placebo group, two months after the intervention (p<0.05). Between-group comparison of the changes demonstrated significant differences in all subscales of SF36, except for limitations in usual role activities due to emotional problems (p=0.07). Conclusion: Consumption of EA and FV combination improved the quality of life in women with PMS and exerted favorable changes in PMS symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]