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The parotid gland is one of the major salivary glands present in domestic mammals, mainly developed in herbivores. In the specialized literature, there are studies related to the size and development of the gland in ruminants, analyzing correlations between diet and parotid gland morphometry. The parotid region is an area of interest for clinicians, given the traumatic lesions or tumor formations that can occur in this region and which also lead to pathologies of the large salivary glands. Despite the low incidence of salivary gland diseases in most domestic animal species, inflammatory processes may occur, and medicamentous treatment may be associated with surgical treatment. The study focused on aspects of the morpho-topography and vascularization of the parotid gland in small ruminants, also describing its rapport with vascular-nervous and lymphatic structures. Among the most important differences and individual variations observed are differences in gland morphometry and variations in the topography of the parotid duct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Ruminants are characterized by the presence of four separate gastric compartments. The volumetric ratio between the proper stomach and the compartments preceding it is not the same throughout the life of the individual. At the early stage of a calf life, the proventriculus is reduced and is not involved in the digestive process. In the specialized literature, there are insufficient data on the distribution of vascular formations in early life and the following evolution of these structures. Our study aims to identify some characteristics of the branches of the celiac artery at an age when the only functional compartment is the abomasum. Following the dissection of the arteries, the classic distribution of some formations was found, but also specific elements: the poorly development of the reticular artery, the presence of a collateral from the left ruminal artery destined for the cardia and the presence of three hepatic branches. Surgery in young cattle requires a thorough knowledge of possible individual arterial variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the actual taxonomic classification, Lynx lynx is one of the four species of the Lynx genus. The bones studied belong to individuals originating from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, belonging to the “carpathicus” subspecies. The lynx is a top predator in a food chain, its most important role being to control the populations of small vertebrates in the ecosystem and to maintain the populations of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) under control. Specialty literature includes works of various authors regarding the morphology and morphometry of the locomotor apparatus of the Lynx lynx species and other species of the Lynx genus. However, upon a detailed study of the material, some interesting anatomical aspects could be identified. Worth mentioning are details regarding the contour of the scapula, the morphology of the spina scapularis and the coracoid process, the aspect of the distal extremity of the humerus, the aspect of the radio-ulnar interosseous space, as well as of the distal extremity of the radius and olecranon. These elements may complete existing literature data and may prove useful to clinicians in various interventions (radiological exams, MRI scans or surgical interventions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As it is known, taxonomy is one of the most dynamic aspects of biology. Ever since Antiquity, throughout the linnaen and post-linnaen period and until the new cladistics era, all branches of the phylogenetic tree were subject to plenty of modifications. The Equus genus was no exception, one of the most important evolutionary transformations being the reduction of the number of fingers in this genus, criterion considered crucial for correctly placing a species. Numerical reduction is also accompanied by a reorganisation of vascular and nervous trajectories. Based on autopodial parts of 10 individuals, this study aims to identify details and potentially individual variants which may complete existing literature data and which will represent additional arguments to the taxonomic classification of the species. The main objectives of this study were represented by the description of individual variants and clarifying of data regarding anatomical terminology, hoping that once achieved the results will aid veterinary research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to analyze and describe the morphological characteristics of the skull in the dwarf kangaroo (Macropus rufogriseus). The morphological peculiarities of the skull can be useful elements for the recognition of the species. Data from the literature on the morphology of the skull in this species is limited and mostly focuses on the peculiarities of the muscles in the head. An adult dwarf kangaroo, who died of natural causes was used for this study. The study of the morphological features of the skull leadto the following conclusions: the skull is compact and elongated, the viscerocranium is more developed than the neurocranium, the external sagittal crest is absent, the zygomatic process of the frontal is replaced by a rounded crest separating the frontal surface from the orbital one, two lacrimal foramina are present, the horizontal portion of the palatine is narrow and provided with 8-10 caudo-lateral palatine foramina, there is no alar hole nor channel, the zygomatic bone has a salient spine in the rostral direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dogs are one of the most morphologically diverse species, as they can range from a 1kg Chihuahua to a 100kg English Mastiff. This morphological diversity affects the appendicular skeleton, leading to a raised incidence of pathologies regarding joints (osteoarthritis, arthrosis, elbow dysplasia). This study was done on 20 dog cadavers. The joints of the forelimb were described in detail. The main purpose was obtaining photographic images which can highlight elements that were previously not mentioned in specialty literature. Following the study, some unique aspects were evidenced such as: dimensions and positioning of glenohumeral ligaments, the topography of the collateral ligaments of the elbow joint and the importance of the proper ligaments of the antebrachial-carpal-metacarpal complex in the dynamic of the movements of this joint. We have compared photographs of the dissected specimens with each other as well as with previously existent sketches from different authors who have tackled the same subject in the past, and we have conclusively pointed out the elements which we considered useful to those interested in resolving pathologies of the locomotor apparatus in carnivores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few decades, the intensive use of agricultural lands affected crop productivity and thus raised serious concerns due to competing demands for food to feed the ever-growing world population (projected to be 9.7 billion by 2050). In this context, the development of nanotechnology-based fertilizers for crop nutrition has been suggested as an alternative tool to overcome the drawbacks arising from the current agricultural practices. Unfortunathelly, there is little studies about the effects of nanomaterials on plants. In this study we presented the effect of hydroxyapatite (nHA) and iron oxides (nIO) nanoparticles obtained in Romania on growth and photosintesis of corn and winter wheat plants. The results show that hydroxyapatite nHA) and iron oxides (nIO) treatments applied by watering the soil had a positive effect on the photosynthesis of maize and winter wheat plants. In the case of treatments with solutions of iron oxides a negative effect on the length of main root was observation, but a compensating effect was found by increasing root density. This and also the higher chlorophyll content, led to a positive effect on height of maize and winter wheat plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study presents the perianaesthetic management for eight dogs, aged between 3 and 9 years old that underwent a hemilaminectomy surgical procedure for medullar decompression. The patients were presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Bucharest for acute onset of posterior unilateral paresis. Following the examination through magnetic resonance imaging, medullar compression was diagnosed at different thoraco-lumbar levels and surgery was recommended (hemilaminectomy). Four of the patients were premedicated with Fentanyl 3 μg/kg and Midazolam 0.2 mg/kg administered intravenously (IV) and the other four received Dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg, Butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg and Ketamine 2 mg/kg intramuscularly (IM). For induction Propofol was administered IV at a dose of 3 mg/kg and patients were intubated. All patients had an epidural anaesthesia with Lidocaine (2 mg/kg). Maintenance consists in the administration of a constant rate infusion (CRI) of Fentanyl (3 μg/kg per hour) and Ketamine (1 mg/kg per hour) for the first four patients and a CRI of Lidocaine (3 mg/kg per hour) and Ketamine (1 mg/kg per hour) for the other four patients. Post-surgery multimodal analgesia protocols ensured pain control during recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teeth are made of hard materials, they represent the most resistant organs to destruction, often being collected from archaeological sites. They play a major role in establishing the species origin of fossils or corpses. A single tooth sometimes provides clues as to where it came from, and provides information about the animal's age, diet, and behaviour. The study was performed on the skulls of pigs, canines and cats, then described the anatomical characteristics of each type of tooth, insisting on teeth that have similar anatomical aspects and can cause confusion in identification. The dentition of pigs is adapted to the omnivorous regime, the molars being of the bunodont type, compared to carnivores where all teeth are of the brachiodont type. The stricter carnivorous diet of cats, compared to that of canids, translates into the specialization of dentition to a more pronounced second type, the morphological effect being the reduction of tuberculous molars. This motivated us to carry out the work, hoping that the results could be useful for the professional activities of veterinarians, but also forensic doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comparative morphology of the skulls is a field of anatomy that can provide answers to questions related to the relationships between species, helping to classify them and to place in a taxonomic group. Till now, a number of morphometric studies have established some differences in red deer and fallow deer skulls, considered as criteria for identification according to the geographical area to which the animals belong, depending on sex or age. The works containing comparative descriptions are very few and the details are absent. Our study presents a number of important aspects for differentiation, of which we list: particularities regarding the drawing of the bone sutures and the profile line in lateral view of the skull, the different conformation of the retro-glenoid process of the temporal bone, differences regarding the relative size of the alveolar process of the maxilla as well as the topography of the infraorbital hole etc. The data provided are useful when making the skulls expertise in order to identify this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The manipulation protocol of fat tissue that uses adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), fat tissue and PRP, is important in the treatment of coxarthrosis in dogs. From 2014, in association with Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, we started a prospective study regarding regenerative therapies in degenerative osteoarticular diseases. We like to present the case of a 9 years old Crossbreed which presented osteoarthicular degenerative conditions, diagnosed by clinical and radiographic examination and treated with anti-inflammatory for 3 years. Surgical technique: A quantity of 120 ml of adipose tissue was harvested and processed, using the Ingeneron equipment(USA), for intrarticular, periarticular and intravenous administration.PRP was injected intrarticular. 6cc of adipose tissue were transformed in "nanofat'' (a very fine emulsion) in order to be injected intra and periarticular. The dog tolerated very well the treatment. The anti-inflammatory therapy was interrupted. The radiographic aspect of the coxofemoral joints, 2 months after the administration of ADSC, fat graft and PRP, showed improvement, the dog no longer presented pain and lameness in conjunction with fat soft. Preliminary results suggest that ADSC therapy seems to be a novel and effective treatment, nevertheless more data are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed in order to evaluate the postoperative analgesic management of geriatric dogs during the first 12 hours after the soft tissue surgery. The study was conducted on sixty dogs, aged between 8-16 years, that were presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest for soft tissue surgery procedures, between August - November 2017. Patients were divided in four groups (15 dogs /group) assigned to a different analgesic management that we intended to evaluate (Group 1- Tramadol, Group 2- Lidocaine in constant rate infusion, Group 3- Acetaminophen, Group 4- Ketamine+Lidocaine). Premedication was made with Midazolam 0.2 mg/kg and Butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg, injected intramuscularly (IM). Induction was obtained with Propofol 4-6 mg/kg intravenously. All patients were intubated, and maintenance was performed with Isoflurane. All patients were evaluated after the procedures using the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (GCPS). During the evaluation period, the best results were recorded in groups 2 and 3 which were given Lidocaine and Lidocaine+Ketamine in a constant rate infusion with a pain scale of 2/24, compared with lower results in groups 1 and 4 with a GCPS of 5/24, where additional analgesic medication was needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, made on adult ostrich specimens, has the purpose of identifying the main characteristics of the pelvic belt at this bird and was motivated by the desire to complete existing data and to present anatomic elements using the terminology recommended by the Nomina Anatomica Avium. A very strong connection has been noticed between the ilium and the sacrum, strengthened by the forging in the medial plane of the preacetabular parts of the ilium. This aspect is very different from the ischium, which turns from a wide bone at the rest of the species, into a strong long bone at the ostrich that, with the exception of the cranial extremity, is separated through a wide space from the ilium. The absence of well-known anatomical features of birds from other orders was noticed, such as : the ilio-caudal fossa, the iliac oblique crest, the infracristal cavity, etc while observing the existence of some specific features like an unique type of pubic symphysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rabies is a fatal viral zoonosis of the central nervous system of mammals. Until recently, rabies was predominantly in domestic dogs, although outbreaks were reports in wildlife. The implementation of dog mass vaccination resulted in the disappearance of dog-mediated rabies in Europe and North America, but the disease unexpectedly re-emerged in wildlife. Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programs in wildlife are highly effective in control and eradication the disease. After years of successful vaccination campaigns, many previously infected countries in Western, Central and Northern European have become free of rabies. All rabies vaccines used for wildlife immunization are derivatives of the original SAD strain. Currently, five vaccine strains are authorized in Europe and all are derivatives of the original SAD strain: Sad Bern, SAD B19, SAG2, GASGAS and V-RG vaccine (Vaccinia Recombinant Glycoprotein). In our paper, we described and analyzed the main characteristics of available vaccines from Europe market for oral vaccination of wild animals, taking into account the performance and the quality features. In Western Europe, rabies has been eliminated using oral vaccination with all available vaccines. Nevertheless, worries still exist related to the residual pathogenicity of attenuated live vaccines that could induce rabies in certain conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though specialty literature includes a series of publications regarding the muscles of pelvic limb of the African ostrich, there are still a couple of aspects that aren't entirely understood. Therefore, a series of differences in regards to the insertions of the pectineus muscle and ambiens muscle can be described, as well as the usage of different terminology for the identification of the cranial muscles of the thigh. This study, conducted on 10 african ostriches of different ages and sexes, realized through classic methods and macroscopic investigations, aims to conduct a detailed anatomization of pelvic muscles, more precisely of the muscles whose topography is adjacent to the pelvic region. The nomenclature used was in concordance with the Nomina Anatomica Avium 1993, although this study also suggests other naming options, which from our point of view better reflect the morphological and topographical realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital pericardial diseases are rare in dogs and cats and most part of them were reported as incidental findings on radiography or necropsy examinations. In this case report, a definitive diagnosis of congenital peritoneo-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) in a three year old male mixed breed dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is described. The dog was referred in relatively shock status with a history of anorexia, dyspnea, cough, abdominal distension, progressive weight loss, but died after conservative treatment was applied. At necropsy examination, a cranial displacement of abdominal viscera (portion of right hepatic lobe) into the pericardial sac was observed, while the pleural space was intact. Supplementary, another dog from the same nest/littermates (3-year-old female), which died in identical conditions was submitted for postmortem investigations and showed no congenital abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]