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Holzenthal, Ralph W., Blahnik, Roger J., Prather, Aysha L., Kjer, Karl M. (2007): Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813 (Insecta), Caddisflies *. Zootaxa 1668: 639-698, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.180152

Tribe Hydroptilini Stephens Acanthotrichia Wells, 1982....................................... Au Acritoptila Wells, 1982........................................... Au Agraylea Curtis, 1834........................................... Hol Allotrichia McLachlan, 1880...................................... Pa Austratrichia Wells, 1982......................................... Au Cyclopsiella Kjaerandsen, 1997................................... Afr Dhatrichia Mosely, 1948........................................ Afr Hellyethira Neboiss, 1977..................................Au, Pa, Or Hydroptila Dalman, 1819............................... Cosmopolitan Hydroptilina Martynov, 1934...................................... Pa Jabitrichia Wells, 1990................................... Afr, Au, Or Microptila Ris, 1897...................................... Afr, Or, Pa Missitrichia Wells, 1991.......................................... Au Mulgravia Wells, 1982........................................... Au Oxyethira Eaton, 1873.................................. Cosmopolitan Paroxyethira Mosely, 1924....................................... Au Paucicalcaria Mathis and Bowles, 1989....................Na (Arkansas) Tangatrichia Wells and Andersen, 1995............................ Afr Tricholeiochiton Kloet and Hincks, 1944.................. Au, Neo, Or, Pa Ugandatrichia Mosely, 1939..............................Afr, Au, Neo Vietrichia Olah, 1989................................... Or (Vietnam) Wlitrichia Kjaerandsen, 1997..................................... Afr Xuthotrichia Mosely, 1934........................................ Au Tribe Leucotrichiini Flint, 1970 Abtrichia Mosely, 1939......................................... Neo Acostatrichia Mosely, 1939...................................... Neo Alisotrichia Flint, 1964................................ Neo (+sw USA) Anchitrichia Flint, 1970......................................... Neo Ascotrichia Flint, 1983.......................................... Neo Betrichia Mosely, 1939......................................... Neo Celaenotrichia Mosely, 1934..................................... Neo Cerasmatrichia Flint, Harris, and Botosaneanu, 1994.................. Neo Ceratotrichia Flint, 1992........................................ Neo Costatrichia Mosely, 1937....................................... Neo Eutonella Müller, 1921.......................................... Neo Leucotrichia Mosely, 1934....................................Neo, Na Mejicanotrichia Harris and Holzenthal, 1997................ Neo (Mexico) Peltopsyche Müller, 1879........................................ Neo Scelobotrichia Harris and Bueno-Soria, 1993........................ Neo Zumatrichia Mosely, 1937............................. Neo (+sw USA) Tribe Neotrichiini Ross, 1956 Kumanskiella Harris and OS Flint, 1992............................ Neo Mayatrichia Mosely, 1937....................................Neo, Na Neotrichia Morton, 1905.....................................Neo, Na Taraxitrichia Flint and Harris, 1991................................ Neo Tribe Ochrotrichiini Marshall, 1979 Metrichia Ross, 1938................................. Neo (+sw USA) Ochrotrichia Mosely, 1934...................................Neo, Na Rhyacopsyche Mueller, 1879..................................... Neo ......c ontinued Tribe Orthotrichiini Nielsen, 1948 Ithytrichia Eaton, 1873....................................... Hol, Or Nothotrichia Flint, 1967...................................... Neo, Na Orthotrichia Eaton, 1873................................ Cosmopolitan Tribe Stactobiini Botosaneanu, 1956 Bredinia Flint, 1968............................................ Neo Byrsopteryx Flint, 1981......................................... Neo Catoxyethira Ulmer, 1912..................................... Au, Or Chrysotrichia Schmid, 1958.................................... Au, Or Flintiella Angrisano, 1995....................................... Neo Niuginitrichia Wells, 1990........................................ Au Orinocotrichia Harris, Flint, and Holzenthal, 2002.................... Neo Parastactobia Schmid, 1958...................................... Or Plethus Hagen, 1887............................................. Or Scelotrichia Ulmer, 1951................................... Old World Stactobia McLachlan, 1880................................. Old World Stactobiella Martynov, 1924.................................. Hol, Or Tizatetrichia Harris, Flint, and Holzenthal, 2002...................... Neo incertae sedis Caledonotrichia Sykora 1967........................Au (New Caledonia) Dibusa Ross, 1939.............................................. Na Dicaminus Mueller, 1879........................................ Neo Macrostactobia Schmid, 1958..................................... Or Maydenoptila Neboiss, 1977...................................... Au Orphninotrichia Mosely, 1934..................................... Au Mathis and Bowles (Arkansas, USA), and Vietrichia Olah (Vietnam). Agraylea Curtis occurs across the Holarctic and has about 20 species. The other Hydroptilini genera are more widespread across several biogeographical regions and include 2 large cosmopolitan genera, Hydroptila Dalman with about 400 described species and Oxyethira with about 200. Orthotrichiini is a small tribe of 3 genera, of which Orthotrichia is cosmopolitan and contains over 150 species. Stactobiini is a heterogeneous assemblage of genera endemic to a single region or more broadly distributed across several regions; Stactobia is the most species rich with about 150 species found only in the Old World. Nielsen (1948) studied the biology of Hydroptilidae. Hydroptilid larvae are highly diverse in form, habitat, and feeding behavior. Although most construct cases of silk or sand, some construct flat, fixed shelters, while others remain free-living until pupation. Many genera remain unknown in the larval stage. The family is the terra incognita of Trichoptera (Flint 1992 b). Rhyacophilidae: Rhyacophilidae is a relatively large family, originally established by Stephens (1836). At one time the family included also Glossosomatidae and Hydrobiosidae and other taxa, but its definition has progressively become more restricted. Evolutionary relationships of the family were discussed by Ross (1956) and the family was the subject of a large revision by Schmid (1970). The family is predominantly north temperate and is found in North America, Europe, and Asia, but also extends into India and the tropical areas of southeastern Asia. Currently most of the diversity is included in a single genus, Rhyacophila Pictet, the largest genus in Trichoptera, with over 700 species and additional ones regularly being described. In addition to the landmark works of Ross and Schmid on Rhyacophila, Prather and Morse (2001) studied the phylogeny of the R. invaria group from eastern North America and Mey (1999 b) investigated the biogeography of Southeast Asian members of the genus. Other genera include Himalopsyche Banks (ca. 50 species, predominantly in the eastern Palearctic and Oriental regions, but with 1 species from western North America), Philocrena Lepneva (1 species from Georgia, western Palearctic), and Fansipangana Mey (a single species recently described from Vietnam). The family is 1 of 2 (the other being Hydrobiosidae) that includes species that are free-living and predaceous as larvae, constructing a domed pupal chamber of rocks at maturity. As the etymology of the family name indicates, the larvae frequent cool, fast flowing rivers and streams. Larvae in the genus Himalopsyche, and some in the genus Rhyacophila, possess abdominal and thoracic gills, quite different from those in Integripalpia or Hydropsychidae. INTEGRIPALPIA PLENITENTORIA Apataniidae: This is a northern and montane group found in North America, Europe, and Asia. The family names dates to Wallengren (1886), but for most of its history it was included as a subfamily of Limnephilidae. Wiggins (1996) treated the group as a distinct family and subsequent workers have accepted this designation. There are nearly 200 species in 18 genera, divided into 2 subfamilies. The Apataniinae contains the largest genus, Apatania Kolenati (nearly 100 species, Holarctic), as well as Apataniana Mosely (Palearctic, Oriental), Apatidelia Mosely (China), 4 monotypic genera: Talgara Mey (Kazakhstan), Radema Martynov (Russia), Thamastes Hagen (Siberia), Proradema Mey (Siberia), and 5 small genera endemic to Lake Baikal: Baicalina Martynov (5 species), Protobaicalina Ivanov (4 species), Protoradema Ivanov (2 species), Baicalinella Martynov (monotypic), and Baicaloides Martynov (monotypic). The subfamily Moropsychinae contains the genera Moropsyche Banks (30 species, East Palearctic and Oriental), and Notania Mosely (5 species, Oriental). Four genera, Allomyia Banks (Nearctic and eastern Palearctic, 23 species), Manophylax Wiggins (Nearctic and eastern Palearctic, 6 species), Moselyana Denning (Oregon, monotypic), and Pedomoecus Ross (Pacific northwest of North America, monotypic), form a monophyletic group (Gall 1994) separate from either subfamily. Apataniid larvae construct cases of small rock pieces, although Manophylax larvae also add plant pieces to the upper surface (Wiggins 2004). Corbet (1966) documented parthenogenesis in some species of Apatania. Larvae occur in cool running waters, but at high elevations and extreme northern latitudes, some species of Apatania are found in lakes. Most larvae graze periphyton from rocks with scraper mandibles. Some species also occur in hygropetric habitats, some of which are dry for much of the year. The larvae of Moselyana are found in spring seepages, and are detritivores with toothed mandibles. Brachycentridae: This is a Northern Hemisphere family found in both the Old and New Worlds. Ulmer (1903) originally established this group as a subfamily of Sericostomatidae. It now contains 6 genera and a little over 100 species. Three of these genera are monotypic: Adicrophleps Flint (Nearctic), Amiocentrus Ross (Nearctic), and Dolichocentrus Martynov (southeastern Siberia). Eobrachycentrus Wiggins (Japan and western North America) contains only half a dozen species. Brachycentrus Curtis (ca. 30 species) and Micrasema McLachlan (ca. 75 species) are both widespread across the Holarctic and Oriental regions. Larvae construct cases from plant or rock materials, and some species use silk alone for part of the case. Several genera build 4 -sided cases. The family is ecologically diverse. They inhabit running waters, but may be found in slow-flowing marshy channels. Some genera feed on aquatic moss; others are filter-feeders. Some North American species of Brachycentrus can be found in thermal streams with temperatures as high as 34 °C that smell strongly of hydrogen sulfide (Wiggins 2004). Goeridae: This is a widely distributed family, found on all continents except South America and Australia. Ulmer (1903) originally described this group as a subfamily of Sericostomatidae. Flint (1960) and other North American workers considered it a subfamily of Limnephilidae, but other authors either always considered it a separate family (Schmid 1980) or elevated the group to its place as a separate family (Wiggins 1996). The Goeridae are divided into 3 subfamilies. Goerinae Ulmer contains most of the genera, each with 1 or only a few species: Archithremma Martynov (central eastern Siberia), Gastrocentrella Ulmer (Sumatra), Silonella Fischer (France, Spain), Gastrocentrides Ulmer (Burma, Indonesia), Goeracea Denning and Goerita Ross (North America), and Lithax McLachlan (widespread across the western Palearctic). Silo Curtis is the second largest genus with over a dozen western Palearctic species. The largest genus Goera Stephens (ca. 130 species) is found in all biogeographic regions except the Neotropical, but with scant representation in the Afrotropics (1 species in southern Africa) and Australasia (2 species from the southwest Pacific). Larcasinae Navás contains 1 genus, Larcasia Navás (6 species, Palearctic and Oriental); and Lepaniinae Wiggins contains only 1 species endemic to northwestern North America, Lepania cascada Ross. Parker (1998) reviewed the genus Goerita, established its monophyly, and discussed the phylogenetic relationships among its 3 species. Larvae of Goeridae construct cases entirely of rock fragments; some genera incorporate larger rock fragments laterally. Most larvae live in cool running waters and are grazers on periphyton. Lepania larvae are detritivores in spring seepages (Wiggins 1973 b). Archithremma ulachensis Martynov is unusual in having a terrestrial pupa (Levanidova & Vshivkova 1984). Kokiriidae: McFarlane (1964) erected the plectrotarsid subfamily Kokiriinae when he described Kokiria miharo from New Zealand. Subsequently, Ross (1967) raised it to family status and included the Chilean species Rhynchopsyche fusca Schmid (originally described in Brachycentridae) in the new family. Neboiss (1974) described Tanjistomella verna, the first record of the family in Australia; in that work he also referred the New Caledonian genus Mecynostomella Kimmins (originally placed in Sericostomatidae) to Kokiriidae. Neboiss later described 2 more Australasian genera, Taskiria and Taskiropsyche. Flint et al. (1999) considered Rhynchopsyche fusca a junior synonym of Pangullia faziana Navás (originally described in Limnephilidae). Johanson (2003 b) recently revised Mecynostomella and nearly doubled the described species diversity of Kokiriidae, so that it now consists of 15 species described from New Zealand, New Caledonia, Chile, and Australia. The larvae are predatory, and live in sandy deposits of small streams and lakes. Larval cases are constructed from sand, and are dorsoventrally depressed and flanged around the edge. This family has been considered by various authors to be closely allied with either limnephiloid or leptoceroid families, in the latter case possibly because of the similarity of the larval cases to those of molannids and some Ceraclea (Leptoceridae). However, the characters proposed by Frania and Wiggins (1997) to support a close relationship with Molannidae have not held up to re-examination (Prather 2002), nor are they corroborated in recent molecular studies (Holzenthal et al. 2007, Kjer et al. 2001, 2002). Lepidostomatidae: This family is widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, and extends southward to Panama, New Guinea, and the Afrotropical region. It was originally described by Ulmer (1903) as a subfamily of Sericostomatidae. It is divided into 2 subfamilies. The nominotypical subfamily contains 3 genera and most of the species: Hummeliella Forsslund is a monotypic genus from China; Lepidostoma Rambur contains most of the diversity in the family (ca. 380 species; Afrotropical, Australasian, Palearctic, and Nearctic); and Paraphlegopteryx Ulmer (ca. 20 species) is widespread in the East Palearctic and Oriental regions. The subfamily Theliopsychinae Weaver, 1993 contains 4 genera: Crunoecia McLachlan and Martynomyia Fischer are West Palearctic genera with only a handful of species each; Theliopsyche Banks is a Nearctic genus with half a dozen species; and Zephyropsyche Weaver is a small genus (4 species) from South and Southeast Asia. Larval cases are generally square in cross section and constructed of quadrate leaf or bark pieces. Some species build cylindrical cases of sand grains as early instars and switch to 4 -sided cases as they mature; a few retain the sand grain cases throughout larval development. Larvae are generally inhabitants of cool streams and springs, but they may also occur along the shorelines of lakes. They are primarily detritivores. Weaver (1988) provided a synopsis of the North American species and a review of the world species (Weaver 2002), where he synonymized several genera, formerly separated by secondary sexual characters of the male, with Lepidostoma. Myers and Sperling (2002) looked at the relationships of the subgenera of Lepidostoma, based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Limnephilidae: This is the largest family in the Plenitentoria, with approximately 900 described species. At higher latitudes and elevations, it is the dominant group in much of the Northern Hemisphere. The family was first established by Kolenati (1848) and includes species described by Linnaeus in Systema Naturae, 10 th ed. (Table 1). Schmid (1955) resolved the family into its current classification (Table 4), with refinements by Wiggins and colleagues (Vineyard & Wiggins 1988, Wiggins 1973 a, Wiggins et al. 1985). The family is divided into 4 subfamilies, Dicosmoecinae Schmid, Drusinae Banks, Limnephilinae Kolenati, and Pseudostenophylacinae Schmid. The Dicosmoecinae, with fewer than 100 described species, are considered the most primitive of the limnephilid subfamilies, and include the only Southern Hemisphere taxa in the family; of its 19 genera, 7 are endemic to South America and 1, Archaeophylax Kimmins, is endemic to Australia (Wiggins 2002). The Drusinae are restricted to the Palearctic region. Of the 8 genera in this subfamily, only Drusus Stephens contains more than half a dozen species; many of these are micro-endemics. Recent molecular studies have questioned the generic classification of Drusinae (Pauls et al. 2007). The nominotypical subfamily contains over 60 genera, divided into 4 tribes. Chaetopterygini Hagen, with 10 genera, are a Palearctic group with about 60 species. Chilostigmini Schmid are a group of 11 small genera, with approximately 40 Old and New World species. The tribe Limnephilini Kolenati (21 genera, ca. 300 species) includes most of the lentic genera of the Limnephilidae; it also includes Limnephilus Leach, the most species-diverse genus, with nearly 200 described species widely distributed across the Holarctic region and as far south as Central America; 2 anomalous genera, Sphagnophylax Wiggins and Winchester, and Thermophylax Nimmo have been tentatively assigned to the Limnephilini, but this remains in some dispute (Morse 2006). The Stenophylacini Schmid (ca. 200 species) is primarily Old World in distribution, although 4 of its 23 genera are endemic to North America; 1 genus Mesophylax McLachlan, is found in Ethiopia and Arabia (Malicky 1998, 1999). Pseudostenophylacinae is a small subfamily of 5 genera and about 100 species (Schmid 1990), with predominantly Oriental and Asian Palearctic distribution; the largest genus Pseu

Phylloicus pirapo, new species Figs. 90, 91 ‘ Phylloicus pirapo is most similar to P. abdominalis and P. perija. Phylloicus pirapo lacks the white spot on the forewing nygma, but the lateral sclerite of abdominal tergum IV (Fig. 90F) is better developed and spatulate, resembling that of P. spectabilis. Adult. Forewing length 8.7­10.2 mm, n = 19. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi golden brown; mesotarsi white; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band white, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, narrow, less than 10 setae wide; distal band white, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less, narrow, less than 10 setae wide; with two basal stripes, golden. Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum III with simple lateral sclerites. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes and paired lateral sclerites, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; posterior process truncate; lateral sclerite spatulate, directed laterally; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata single­lobed, setose basally. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 90F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched (Fig. 90A, C). Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending 1/2 length of segment; posterior margin smoothly rounded; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 90B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 5, ventral pleural setae approximately 5 (Fig. 90A, B). Preanal appendage longer than tergum X, but less than 11/2 times length, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 90A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes of varying length and often asymmetrical; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch square; setose basodorsally; with short apicodorsal process visible in lateral view (Fig. 90A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 90A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round and with digitate apical lobe; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 90D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 91C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 91B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, punctate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 91A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes very short, length less than diameter (Fig. 91B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 91A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized expanded tube (Fig. 91A). Holotype male: PARAGUAY: Itapua: Pirapo, i.1972, Peña G. (NMNH). Paratypes: ARGENTINA: Misiones: 6 km E El Dorado, 22.xi.1973, Flint — 2 males (NMNH); Ao. Coati, 15 km E San Jose, 18­19.xi.1973, Flint — 1 female (NMNH); PARAGUAY: Villarica, Apr, Schade — 1 male (MCZ); Itapua: Pirapo, 28­31.xii.1971, Peña G. — 5 males (NMNH); — 5 females, 3 males (UMSP); i.1972, Peña G. — 1 female (NMNH). Distribution. Argentina, Paraguay. Etymology. Named for the type locality, Pirapo, Itapua, Paraguay., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 87-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus adamsae, new species Figs. 13, 14 Phylloicus "n. sp. 3" Flint, 1996:425 This species can be recognized by the uniform golden color of the forewings. Phylloicus adamsae is distinguished by the very short and wide (often nearly circular) preanal appendages (Fig. 13A, B). Adult. Forewing length 9­11 mm, n = 18. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps golden brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antennae twice forewing length; chestnut brown. Prothorax golden brown; dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax pale tan. Legs pale tan. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae pale. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; golden brown; without colored markings; distal fringe slightly darkened. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched (Fig. 13A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection; thinly sclerotized mesally (Fig. 13B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae approximately 6 (Fig. 13A). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, as long as wide, rounded apically, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 13A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow and triangular (Fig. 13A, B). Harpago short, rounded; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 13A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes tapered apically; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 13D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 14C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 14B). Sternum IX anterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, posterior lobes smooth, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 14A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 14B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 14A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized sphere with wide anterior ridge (Fig. 14A). Holotype male: PERU: Madre de Dios: Manu Biosphere Res., Pakitza Bio. Sta., 01­ 13­19­99, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 350 m, 1.x.1987, Pogue (MHNJP). Paratypes: PERU: Loreto: Iquitos, 15.v. 1 male (MCZ); Madre de Dios: Toma del Agua, Amazonia Lodge, 12°52'13”S, 71°22'34"W, 415 m, 29.vi.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 female (NMNH); Manu Biosphere Res., Pakitza Bio. Sta., 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 350 m, 30.ix.1987, Pogue — 1 female (MHNJP); — 1 male (NMNH); 01­13­19­99, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 350 m, 1.x.1987, Pogue — 1 female, 2 males (NMNH); trail 2, marker 18, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 12­23.ix.1989, Adams et al. — 1 female, 1 male (MHNJP); — 1 female, 2 males (NMNH); trail 2, marker 20, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 17­20.ix.1989, Adams 3 males (NMNH); — 1 female, 1 male (UMSP). Distribution. Peru. Etymology. I am pleased to name this species for its collector, Nancy E. Adams, in recognition of her contributions to Neotropical caddisfly research and her assistance during my visits to the Smithsonian Institution., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 19-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1996) Trichoptera collected on the expeditions to Parque Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru. In: Wilson, D. E. & Sandoval, A. (Eds) Manu: The biodiversity of southeastern Peru. Smithsonian Institution Press., Washington, DC, pp. 369 - 430."]}

Phylloicus chalybeus (Hagen) Figs. 34, 35 Phylloicus chalybeus (Hagen, 1861:285) [Type locality: Cuba; MCZ; male; in Macronema]. Ross 1952:34 [lectotype male]. — Flint 1967:18 [male]. — Botosaneanu 1980:115 [male, restriction of type locality]; 1994:468 [larva]. The genitalia of P. chalybeus are similar to those of the other Antillean species, P. iridescens, cubanus, pulchrus, and superbus and the Amazonian species P. amazonas; however, the forewings of P. chalybeus are nearly uniform golden brown, lacking the broad colored bands. Adult. Forewing length 9.1­11.4 mm, n = 45. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps dark brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae golden brown; metatibiae dark brown; tarsi golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,2. Forewing flat; golden brown; without colored markings; basal cells clear. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX deeply notched anteriorly, margins of notch ridged; posterior margin not distinct from base of tergum X (Fig. 34B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 34A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 34C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 34A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, notched, notch triangular (Fig. 34A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, mesoventral (Fig. 34A, C). Phallic endotheca with single long apical lobe and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes multilobed; phallotremal sclerites very large, longest dimension twice diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite two­armed, in lateral view U­shaped (Fig. 34D, E). Female. Abdominal terga III­IV much darker laterally. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 35C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending length of segment (Fig. 35B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with shallow pockets lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 35A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base distinct, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 35B). Sternum X with numerous fine short setae on membrane lateral to anal opening (Fig. 35A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized sphere with wide anterior ridge (Fig. 35A). Material examined. CUBA: 31.12.1864, Tocy? — holotype male, 2 male paralectotypes (MCZ); 1877, Loew — 1 male, 1 female (MCZ); 1898, Tocy? — 1 male paralectotype (MCZ); Aguayo — 1 female (NMNH); Rancho Mundito, S Rangel, 1.vi.1950, de Zayas — 1 male (NMNH); Oriente, Yunque de Baracoa, 305­549 m, 13.vii.1936, Darlington — 2 females (MCZ); Holguin: Aguas Claras, 20°57'40”N, 76°16'12"W, 1.v.1955, Layas — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Isla de la Juventud: Santa Fé: Arroyo La Talega, 22.iv.1973, Botosaneanu — 10 males — 8 females (UMSP); Las Tunas: Oriente: Cupeyal, Yateras, vi.1974, Garcia — 1 male (NMNH); Pinar del Río: San Vicente, Viñales, v.1963 — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Sancti Spíritus: Buenos Aires, Trinidad Mountains, 762­ 1067 m, 8­14.v.1936, Darlington — 4 males, 6 females (MCZ); 17­23.vi.1939, Parsons — 1 female (MCZ); Santiago de Cuba: Oriente, Hongolosongo, 7.vii.1936, Darlington — 1 male, 1 female (MCZ). Distribution. Cuba., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 39-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Hagen, H. (1861) Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America with a list of the South American species, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 4. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., xx + 347 pp.","Ross, H. H. (1952) Lectotypes of Hagen species belonging to certain families of Trichoptera. Psyche, 59, 31 - 36.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37.","Botosaneanu, L. (1980) Trichopteres adultes de Cuba collectes par les zoologistes cubains (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 69, 91 - 116."]}

Phylloicus elektoros, new species Figs. 45, 46 The forewings of P. elektoros are a golden ochre color, with stripes of pale tan setae between the wing veins. This species is most similar to P. auratus and brevior; P. elektoros differs from the first two in wing coloring, the lack of coremata or tergal modifications, and in the long digitate dorsal process of the phallic endotheca. Tergum X is entire, posteriorly (Fig. 45B) Adult. Forewing length 9.6­10.5 mm, n = 32. Head golden, darker anteriorly, setae on warts golden. Maxillary palps golden, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna twice forewing length; anterior surface chestnut brown, posterior surface golden, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown, lateral margins darker; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; foretibiae golden; mesotibiae chestnut brown; metatibiae chestnut brown; foretarsi golden; mesotarsi chestnut brown; metatarsi chestnut brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; golden ochre; with longitudinal stripes; stripes pale tan. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process absent and posterior margin irregular (Fig. 45A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded; thinly sclerotized anteromesally, anterior ridge obsolete mesally (Fig. 45B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae approximately 5 (Fig. 45A). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 45A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire; covered with short setae dorsally (Fig. 45A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 45A, C). Phallic endotheca with single long apical lobe and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes multilobed; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite rectangular, width greater than height (Fig. 45D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 46C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 46B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle laterally (Fig. 46A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 46B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 46A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized cone (Fig. 46A). Holotype male: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, in rainforest, 00°51'N 66°10'W, 140 m, 19.ii.1985, Spangler, Faitoute, & Steiner (NMNH). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Amazonas: 60 km N Manaus, 22.xi.1976, Penny — 1 female (INPA); Am. 010, km 246, 20 km W Itacoatiara, 12­15.vii.1979, Arias et al. — 1 female (NMNH); Res. Ducke, 26 km E Manaus, 1.x.1976, Penny — 1 female (INPA); 30.ix.1986, Luis — 1 female (NMNH); PERU: Loreto: Callicebus Research Station, Mishana, Río Nanay, 25 km SW Iquitos, 120 m, 10­17.i.1980, Heppner — 1 male (NMNH); Madre de Dios: Río Tambopata Res., 30 km (air) SW Pto. Maldonado, 12°50'00”S, 69°17'00"W, 290 m, 2.iii.1984, Erwin et al. — 1 male (NMNH); VENEZUELA: Amazonas: San Carlos de Río Negro, 6­12.xii.1984, Brown — 2 males (NMNH); 13­17.xii.1984, Brown — 1 female (NMNH); Cerro de la Neblina, Agua Blanca, 00°49'00”N, 66°08'00"W, 160 m, 20­ 21.iii.1984, Flint & Louton — 2 females, 2 males (NMNH); Basecamp, 00°51'N 66°10'W, 140 m, 4­12.ii.1984, Davis & McCabe 1 male (IZAM); — 1 female, 2 males (NMNH); 13­ 20.ii.1984, Davis & McCabe — 1 female (IZAM); — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH); — 1 female (UMSP); 1­10.iii.1984, Davis & McCabe — 1 female, 2 males (NMNH); 10.ii.1985, Steiner — 1 female (NMNH); 21­28.ii.1985, Spangler, Faitoute, & Steiner — 1 male (IZAM); — 1 male (NMNH); — 1 male (UMSP); in rainforest, 00°51'N 66°10'W, 140 m, 20.ii.1985, Spangler, Faitoute, & Steiner — 1 male (NMNH); nr. Río Baria, 00°51'N 66°10'W, 140 m, 17.ii.1985, Cocroft & Steiner — 1 female (NMNH); small stream in rainforest, 00°51'N 66°10'W, 140 m, 8.ii.1985, Steiner — 1 male (NMNH); — 1 male (UMSP); 9.ii.1985, Steiner — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Brazil, Peru, Venezuela. Etymology. “ Elektoros,” from the Greek, meaning “the beaming sun,” referring to the sunburst­like pattern of the forewings., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 48-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus plaumanni Flint Figs. 92, 93 Phylloicus plaumanni Flint, 1983:76 [Type locality: Brazil, Edo. Santa Catarina, Seara (27°09'S, 52°15'W); NMNH; male]. Phylloicus plaumanni is similar to P. bidigitatus and obliquus. The forewings of P. plaumanni are a uniform dark brown. Adult. Forewing length 8.6­10.9 mm, n = 30. Head dark brown or black. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown; ventrolateral thorax dark brown. Femora dark brown; tibiae dark brown; foretarsi dark brown; mesotarsi golden brown; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; without colored markings. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending 1/2 length of segment; posterior margin not distinct from base of tergum X; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 92B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 92A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 92C). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 92A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch deep and round; setose dorsally (Fig. 92A, B). Harpago sharply tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 92A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes multilobed, apicolateral lobes small and rounded; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite narrow, width less than height (Fig. 92D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 93C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; covered with short fine pilosity (Fig. 93B). Sternum IX anterior lobes smooth and indistinct, posterior lobes striate, with shallow pockets lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 93A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 93B). Sternum X without setae in membrane (Fig. 93A). Vaginal apparatus posterior sclerite elongate; anterior sclerite tapered anteriorly, posterolateral projections rounded; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ovoid (Fig. 93A). Material examined. ARGENTINA: Misiones: San Ignacio, Haute Parana, ii., Wagner — 1 male paratype (NMNH); Apr, Wagner — 1 male paratype (NMNH); BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Seara (Nova Teutônia), 27°11'00”S, 52°23'00"W, 300­500 m, 31.v.1938, Plaumann — 1 male (BMNH); 10.ix.1939, Plaumann — 1 male paratype (MCZ); 25.iv.1963, Plaumann — holotype male, 3 male, 1 female paratypes (NMNH); 1.v.1963, Plaumann — 5 male, 1 female paratypes (UMSP); 1.xi.1963, Plaumann — 4 male, 4 female paratypes (NMNH); 6.x.1964, Plaumann — 3 male, 1 female paratypes (NMNH); — 1 male paratype (UMSP). Distribution. Argentina, Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 88-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1983) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXIII: New species from austral South America (Trichoptera), Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Vol. 377. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 100 pp."]}

Phylloicus farri Flint Figs. 49­50 Phylloicus farri Flint, 1968b:56 [Type locality: Jamaica, St. Andrew, Hope River near Newcastle at mile post 16.5; NMNH; male; female, larva, pupa, case]. — Denning et al. 1983:188 [type species of Murielia]. — Flint et al. 1999b:73 [returned to Phylloicus]. Phylloicus farri is easily recognized by the very long (at least twice length of genital capsule, narrow preanal appendages (Fig. 49A, B). The modifications of male tergum IV are also distinctive (Fig. 49F). Adult. Forewing length 7.7­11.3 mm, n = 14. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps golden brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Legs golden. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; golden brown; with single transverse band; proximal band tan, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; proximal half of basal cells clear. Hind wing basal brush present in male, pale. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata single­lobed, single­lobed, originating broadly from membrane of tergum IV­V. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 49F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin not distinct from base of tergum X; notched anteromesally (Fig. 49B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 6, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 49A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 49C). Preanal appendage at least 11/2 times length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 49A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch triangular; with short setae basodorsally (Fig. 49A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae tiny, mesal (Fig. 49A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 49D, E). Female. Abdominal terga I­III dark brown laterally. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 50C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 50B). Sternum IX anterior lobes smooth and indistinct, posterior lobes striate, with shallow pockets anterolateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 50A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 50B). Sternum X with semisclerotized plates marking anal opening (Fig. 50A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ring (Fig. 50A). Material examined. JAMAICA: Saint Andrew Parish: Hardwar Gap Dicks Pond Tr., 16.vii.1963, Flint & Farr — 2 female paratypes (NMNH); Newcastle, stream at milepost 16.5, 30.vii.1962, Farr & Flint — holotype male, 1 female paratype (NMNH); 18.vii.1963, Flint & Farr — 1 female paratype (CNC); small stream, 1­1/ 8 mi. SW crossing Dick's Pond Trail, Hardwar Gap., 22.ix.1963, Peters & Farr — 1 male, 1 female paratypes (NMNH); 26.ix.1963, Peters & Farr — 1 male paratype (NMNH); Yallahs River, Chestervale, 17.vii.1963, Flint & Farr — 1 female paratype (NMNH); Saint Ann Parish: between Lake & Runaway Bay Cave, 6.xii.1975, D & M Davis — 2 males (UMSP); Mt. Diablo, 13.iii.1966, S & W Duckworth — 1 male, 2 female paratypes (UMSP). Distribution. Jamaica., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1968 b) The caddisflies of Jamaica (Trichoptera). Bulletin of the Institute of Jamaica, Science series, 19, 1 - 68.","Denning, D. G., Resh, V. H. & Hogue, C. L. (1983) New species of Phylloicus and a new Neotropical genus of Calamoceratidae (Trichoptera). Aquatic Insects, 5, 181 - 191.","Flint, O. S., Jr., Holzenthal, R. W. & Harris, S. C. (1999 b) Nomenclatural and systematic changes in the Neotropical caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Insecta Mundi, 13, 73 - 84."]}

Phylloicus tricalcaratus (Ulmer) Phylloicus tricalcaratus (Ulmer, 1905b:37) [Type locality: Brazil; ZIUH; male; in Homoeoplectron]. NOMEN DUBIUM According to the curator at the Zoologisches Institut der Universität at Halle, the type of P. tricalcaratus was probably destroyed during or shortly after World War II. I found one specimen identified by Ulmer as P. tricalcaratus in the Museum für Naturkunde of Humboldt­Universität, Berlin, but it consists only of a head, anterior thorax, and one forewing, and is quite inadequate for identifying the species. The illustration in the original description included only the wings, and the description itself is too general for species discrimination. Material examined. BRAZIL: Bahia: Freyreiss — 1 adult (ZMHU). Distribution. Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1905 b) Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaischer Trichopteren (Neue Trichopteren des Hamburger und Stettiner Museums und des Zoologischen Instituts in Halle, nebst Beschreibungen einiger Typen Kolenati's und Burmeister's). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 66, 1 - 119."]}

Phylloicus maculatus (Banks) Figs. 64, 65 Phylloicus maculatus (Banks, 1901:369) [Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Presidio; MCZ; female; in Heteroplectron]. — Flint 1967:19 [female, to Phylloicus]. — Holzenthal 1988:72 [distribution]. Phylloicus maculatus is distinguished by its large size, wing pattern, and by having short, single­lobed lateral coremata, without modifications of tergite IV (Fig. 64F). The wing pattern of this species is identical to that of P. elegans and lituratus. The female genitalia are indistinguishable from those of the latter two species. Adult. Forewing length 13.415. 4 mm, n = 31. Head dark brown, setal warts very dark. Maxillary palps dark brown, covered with golden brown setae on basal three segments. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown, mesoscutellum golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; tibiae golden; tarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, an inverted V­shape; distal band ivory, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with two basal stripes, ivory. Hind wing basal brush present in male and female; female brush short. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, lateral coremata; lateral coremata single­lobed and short, cylindrical. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 64F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched (Fig. 64A, C). Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending 1/2 length of segment; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection (Fig. 64B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 5, ventral pleural setae approximately 8 (Fig. 64A). Preanal appendage longer than tergum X, but less than 11/2 times length, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 64A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes long, length at least twice diameter; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, entire (Fig. 64A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 64A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes tapered apically; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 64D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 65C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 65B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 65A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter (Fig. 65B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 65A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ovoid (Fig. 65A). Material examined. GUATEMALA: Izabal: Cayuga, 15°32'00”N, 88°42'00"W, 1.ii.1915, Schaus — 1 female (NMNH); MEXICO: Veracruz: Presidio, 19°05'00”N, 96°58'00"W, 1.vi. holotype female (MCZ); Municipio Tilapan, Arroyo Quetzalan. Los Manantiales km 5 Rta. Orizaba­Zongolica, 18°47'28”N, 97°06'05"W, 1160 m, 17.iii.2000, Bueno, Barba, & Rojas — 1 female (UMSP); 13.vii.2001, Bueno & Barba — 12 males, 10 females (IBUNAM); — 3 males, 3 females (UMSP). Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico, Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 66-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1901) A list of neuropteroid insects from Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 361 - 371.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37.","Holzenthal, R. W. (1988) Catalogo Sistematico de los Tricopteros de Costa Rica (Insecta: Trichoptera). Brenesia, 29, 51 - 82."]}

Phylloicus medius Müller Phylloicus medius Müller, 1880a:132 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina; no type nor type depository designated; sex not stated]. — Ulmer 1955:418 [literature, discussion]. NOMEN DUBIUM Müller did not designate type material for this species, nor did he provide any illustration. His original reference to the species P. medius states only that it has a Tibial spur formula — of 2,4,4. I found no material identified as P. medius, and must consider this a nomen dubium. Distribution. Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Muller, F. (1880 a) [for 1878] Sobre as casas construidas pelas larvas de Insectos Trichopteros de provincia de Santa Catherina. Archivos do Museu nacional do Rio do Janeiro, III, 99 - 134, 210 - 215, 134 plates.","Ulmer, G. (1955) Kocherfliegen (Trichopteren) von den Sunda-Inseln (Teil II). Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 21 (Supplement), 408 - 608."]}

Phylloicus cordatus, new species Figs. 36, 37 This species is distinguished by the wing pattern, a distinctive pattern of orange and dark brown. In dorsal view, the brown patches on the posteromesal area are heart­shaped, and thus the name of this species. The abdominal coremata are short, broad, and single­lobed (Fig. 36F). The female specimen is teneral, so I was only able to measure wing length for the single male. The preanal appendages of this specimen are broken, but appear to be similar to those of P. elegans and hansoni, being covered with long fine setae and becoming slightly wider apically (as in Figs. 45B, 55B). Adult. Forewing length 8.4 mm, n = 2. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps golden brown, covered with golden and dark brown setae. Antenna twice forewing length; each flagellomere golden proximally and dark brown distally, appearing striped. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae chestnut brown; foretarsi golden brown; mesotarsi chestnut brown; metatarsi chestnut brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae chestnut brown. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band orange, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, wide, at least 1/6 wing length, 5­sided, most proximal corner in cell M 1, distal side runs from R 1 to A 1; distal band orange, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, with patch of brown setae in center of orange, each band with narrow border of dark brown setae. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, lateral coremata; lateral coremata accordion­pleated expansion of dorsal­pleural membrane. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 36F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded; anterior ridge broken mesally (Fig. 36B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae continuous with ventral pleural setae, dense (Fig. 36A); sternum IX with faint mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 36C). Preanal appendage widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 36A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 36A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae absent (Fig. 36A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes multilobed, apicolateral lobes rounded and with digitate apical lobe; phallotremal sclerites very large, longest dimension twice diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 36D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 37C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge, patch of several setae mesally (Fig. 37B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle laterally (Fig. 37A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base distinct, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 37B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 37A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections rounded; posterior sclerite triangular (Fig. 37A). Holotype male: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cerro de la Neblina, Camp IV, 00°58'00”N, 65°57'00"W, 760 m, 15­18.iii.1984, Flint (NMNH). Paratype: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cerro de la Neblina, Camp IV, 00°58'00”N, 65°57'00"W, 760 m, 15­18.iii.1984, Flint — 1 female (NMNH). Distribution. Venezuela Etymology. Cordatus, from the Latin, meaning “heart­shaped,” refers to the heart shape apparent when the folded wings are viewed dorsally., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus brevior Banks Figs. 30, 31 Phylloicus brevior Banks, 1915:632 [Type locality: Guyana, Bartica; MCZ; male]. — Flint 1967:18 [male]; 1974b:139 [male, distribution]. This species is most similar to P. auratus and elektoros. The forewings of P. brevior are much darker than those of either of the first two species. The broad posterolateral flange of tergum IV and single­lobed coremata (Fig. 30F), and the shape of tergum X (Fig. 30A, B) are also distinctive in P. brevior. The phallus is very similar in all three species, except that where the first two species have a single long posterodorsal process, in P. brevior there are instead very short paired processes (Fig. 30D, E). Adult. Forewing length 9.4­10.4 mm, n = 52. Head golden brown, setae on warts golden. Maxillary palps golden brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown, anterolateral margins darker; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae golden brown; metatibiae dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with longitudinal stripes; with two basal stripes, golden. Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, lateral coremata; lateral coremata single­lobed and originating from pleural membrane of tergum IV, slightly tapered apically; when flaccid, apex folded under posterolateral flange of tergum IV. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 30F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process absent and posterior of segment semimembranous (Fig. 30A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 30B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 20, ventral pleural setae approximately 10 (Fig. 30A). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 30A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire or notched, notch shallow; with short dorsal projection at mid­length (Fig. 30A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 30A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round, apicolateral lobes small and tubercular; phallotremal sclerites small, longest dimension 1/2 diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite rectangular, width greater than height (Fig. 30D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 31C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 31B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, punctate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 31A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 31B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 31A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite emarginate anteriorly, posterolateral projections rounded; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca membranous (Fig. 31A). Material examined. BRAZIL: Parana: 164 km W Altamira, 9.xi.1974, Reinert — 1 female (NMNH); 10.xi.1974, Reinert — 1 male (NMNH); 12.xi.1974, Reinert — 1 female (NMNH); 4­5 mi. W Jatobal, 22.x.1974, Reinert — 1 female (NMNH); 24.x.1974, Reinert — 1 female (NMNH); 28.x.1974, Reinert — 1 female (NMNH); Rio Xingu, camp ca. 60 km S Altamira, 03°39'00”S, 52°22'00"W, 2.x.1986, Spangler & Flint — 2 males (NMNH); 1st jungle stream trail 1, 03°39'00”S, 52°22'00"W, 2­8.x.1986, Spangler & Flint — 10 males, 12 females (NMNH); — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); Igarape Jabuti, 03°39'00”S, 52°22'00"W, 8­16.x.1986, Spangler & Flint — 1 male, 4 females (NMNH); Rondonia: Cacaulândia, 140 m, 1.xi.1994, Becker — 1 male (NMNH); creek 8 km S of Cacaulandia, 21.xi.1991, Petr — 6 males, 7 females (NMNH); GUYANA: Bartica, Dec, Parish — holotype male (MCZ); SURINAME: Sipaliwini: Kabelebo River, Avanavero Vallen, 7.iv.1971, Geijskes — 1 male (NMNH); 10.iv.1971, Geijskes — 1 male (RNH). Distribution. Brazil, Guyana, Suriname., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1915) New neuropteroid insects, native and exotic. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 66, 632 pl 628 f 632 - 634.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37."]}

Phylloicus trichothylax, new species Fig. 103 Phylloicus trichothylax is known only from a single teneral male, and thus details of coloration are difficult to identify and the forewings are too twisted for accurate measurement. It is distinguished by the abdominal coremata, which consist of a pair of invaginated membranous pouches containing long setae and a single, eversible, digitate membranous lobe (Fig. 103F), and by the long digitate basodorsal process of tergum X (Fig. 103A, B). Adult. Head golden brown, with dorsomesal crest of golden brown setae. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna golden brown. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Legs golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, mesal coremata; mesal coremata an invaginated setose pouch, enclosing small, digitate eversible lobe. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 103F). Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending length of segment; posterior margin smoothly rounded; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 103B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 8, ventral pleural setae approximately 6 (Fig. 103A); sternum IX without mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 103C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 103A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire (Fig. 103A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 103A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 103D, E). Female. Unknown. Holotype male: ECUADOR: Cotopaxi: Latacunga, 13 km W, 1372 m, 1.vii.1975, Langley & Cohen (NMNH). Distribution. Ecuador. Etymology. Trichothylax, from the Greek trichos, “hair” and thylax, “pouch,” for the setae­enclosing membranous pouch of tergum IV., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus superbus Banks Figs. 102, 115 Phylloicus superbus Banks, 1938:298 [Type locality: Cuba, Oriente, Pico Turquino; MCZ; male]. — Flint 1967:19 [lectotype male]. Phylloicus superbus is not well known. Although the type series consists of many individuals, they are all from two localities on a single mountain and probably represent a single population. No females were collected with them. Except in size, they greatly resemble P. cubanus, of which the specimens I examined all were collected at lower elevation. Thus, P. superbus may represent only an extreme variant of P. cubanus. However, the collections I examined were inadequate for assessing the intraspecific variability of P. cubanus, and consequently inadequate for evaluating the status of P. cubanus. Adult. Forewing length 10.8­12.3 mm, n = 19. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; tibiae dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,2. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band orange, extending from anterior to posterior wing margin; distal band orange, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; basal cells without setae, membrane iridescent (Fig. 115). Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending 2/3 length of segment; posterior margin continuous with basodorsal process of tergum X (Fig. 102B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 8, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 102A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 102C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 102A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow (Fig. 102A, B). Harpago large, rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 102A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round; phallotremal sclerites very large, longest dimension twice diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite twoarmed, in lateral view U­shaped (Fig. 102D, E). Female. Unknown. Material examined. CUBA: Oriente: Pico Turquino, N side, 4500­6000 f m, 18­ 20.vi.1936, Darlington — lectotype male, 8 male paralectotypes (MCZ); Pico Turquino, summit, 1829 m, 16­21.vi.1936, Darlington — 10 male paralectotypes (MCZ). Distribution. Cuba., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 96-97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1938) New West Indian neuropteroid Insects. Revista de Entomologia Rio de Janeiro, 9, 285 - 304.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37."]}

Phylloicus hansoni Denning Figs. 55­56 Phylloicus hansoni Denning, 1983 in Denning et al. 1983:184 [Type locality: Trinidad, Simla Research Station; CAS; male]. — Botosaneanu & Flint 1982:24 [larva, as P. angustior]. — Botosaneanu & Alkins­Koo 1993:38 [as synonym of P. angustior]. Phylloicus hansoni is similar to P. quitacalzon, but is distinguished by the bi­lobed mesal coremata — (Fig. 55F). Adult. Forewing length 9­11.1 mm, n = 178. Head dark brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere, basal segments with pale setae posteriorly. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae golden brown; metatibiae dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory; distal band ivory, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with single basal stripe, ivory. Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with expanded lateral flanges, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata bilobed, mesal lobe wider at base and tapered apically, lateral lobe digitate. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 55F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 55A, C). Tergum IX deeply notched anteriorly, margins of notch ridged; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 55B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 5, ventral pleural setae approximately 10 (Fig. 55A). Preanal appendage at least 11/2 times length of tergum X, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 55A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes long, length at least twice diameter; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire or notched, notch shallow; with paired rounded apicolateral projections (Fig. 55A, B). Harpago short, rounded; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 55A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 55D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 56C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 56B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 56A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 56B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 56A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular (Fig. 56A). Material examined. TRINIDAD: Arima R., Verdant Vale, 10°41'00”N, 61°18'00"W, 170 m, 19.vi.1993, Adams & Mathis — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Mount St. Benedict stream, 10°39'00”N, 61°24'00"W, 250 m, 20­25.vi.1993, Flint & Adams — 1 female (NMNH); Simla Research Station, 2­15.vi.1981, Hanson & Clemons — holotype male (CAS); Simla, Arima Valley, 6­12.ii.1966, S & W Duckworth — 2 females (NMNH); Saint George: Blue Basin River, 10°44'00”N, 61°32'00"W, 100 m, 21.vi.1993, Adams & Mathis — 3 males (NMNH); Blue Basin Waterfall, 10°44'00”N, 61°32'00"W, 120 m, Botosaneanu — 2 females (NMNH); 17.iv.1991, Botosaneanu & Sakal — 2 males (NMNH); 21.vi.1993, Flint — 4 males, 3 females (NMNH); Maracas Falls, 10°44'00”N, 61°24'00"W, 270 m, 18.vi.1993, Flint — 1 female (NMNH); Tacarigua R., Caura Rec. area, 10°43'00”N, 61°17'00"W, 22.vi.1993, Flint & Adams — 5 males (NMNH); VENEZUELA: Aragua: El Limon, near Maracay, Quebrada Los Capuchinos, 550 m, 9.ix.1979, Savage — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH); Río El Limon, fish hatchery, Maracay, 10°14'49”N, 67°35'45"W, 5­6.xi.1974, Weibezahn — 5 males (UMSP); 19­20.xi.1974, Weibezahn — 2 males, 2 females (NMNH); 4­5.xii.1974, Weibezahn — 3 males, 4 females (NMNH); — 3­ 4.i.1975, Weibezahn — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); 30.i.1975, Weibezahn — 1 male, 2 females (NMNH); 11­12.iii.1975, Weibezahn — 10 males (NMNH); 23.iv.1975, Weibezahn — 2 males, 1 female (NMNH); 7.v.1975, Weibezahn — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); 19­20.v.1975, Weibezahn — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); 3­4.vi.1975, Weibezahn — 1 female (NMNH); 12.viii.1975, Weibezahn — 1 female (NMNH); 25­ 26.ix.1975, Weibezahn — 1 male (NMNH); 3­6.ii.1976, C & O Flint — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Falcón: Quebrada El Charo at cataratas, 10°46'46”N, 69°12'10"W, 425 m, 12.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 4 males, 2 females (UMSP); Río Mitare near San Luís, 11°07'56”N, 69°39'11"W, 589 m, 7.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 3 males (IZAM); Río Ricoa near Dos Bocas, 11°17'19”N, 69°26'04"W, 157 m, 8.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 1 male (UMSP); P. N. Cueva de la Quebrada del Toro, 10°49'35”N, 69°07'59"W, 530 m, 11.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 11 males, 3 females (UMSP); P. N. Sierra de San Luís, Cataratas del Río Hueque, 11°10'42”N, 69°33'44"W, 583 m, 6.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 3 males, female (IZAM); — 10 males, 3 females (UMSP); Lara: Yacambú, 1200 m, 10.v.1981, Townes — 2 males, 3 females (NMNH); Parque Nacional Terepaima, Quebrada San Antonio, 09°51'45”N, 69°13'06"W, 631 m, 17.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 3 males, 3 females (UMSP); Río Auro near Sabana Alta, 09°44'44”N, 69°16'37"W, 480 m, 16.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 2 males (IZAM); — 5 males, 2 females (UMSP); Mérida: 6 km N Mérida, 1524 m, 9.ii.1978, Heppner — 2 females, 3 males (NMNH); Miranda: P. N. Guatopo, Agua Blanca, 7.ii.1976, C & O Flint — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Sucre: Qbd. Zapateral, 1.5 km SE Las Piedras de Cocollar, 10°09'45”N, 63°47'35"W, 810 m, 9.iv.1995, Holzenthal & Flint — 2 males, 2 females (IZAM); — 4 males, 10 females (UMSP); Rio Cocollar, 1.5 km SE Las Piedras de Cocollar, 10°09'37”N, 63°47'36"W, 810 m, 7­8.iv.1995, Holzenthal & Flint — 1 male, 2 females (IZAM); — 6 males, 9 females (UMSP); Rio el Pozo, Peninsula de Paria Puerto Viejo, 10°43'04”N, 62°28'34"W, 20 m, 4.iii.1995, Holzenthal, Flint, & Cressa — 1 male (UMSP); Zulia: Distrito Baralt, Río Paují betwen San Juan & San An, 9­11.x.1979, Savage — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Venezuela, Trinidad., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 57-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Denning, D. G., Resh, V. H. & Hogue, C. L. (1983) New species of Phylloicus and a new Neotropical genus of Calamoceratidae (Trichoptera). Aquatic Insects, 5, 181 - 191.","Botosaneanu, L. & Flint, O. S., Jr. (1982) On some Trichoptera from northern Venezuela and Ecuador (Insecta). Beaufortia, 32, 13 - 26.","Botosaneanu, L. & Alkins-Koo, M. (1993) The caddis flies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 63, 5 - 45."]}

Phylloicus bicarinatus, new species Figs. 25, 26, 107 This species can be distinguished by the double keel or carinae of tergum X (Fig. 25B). The forewing pattern is similar to that of P. elegans and lituratus and maculatus, but in P. bicarinatus the setae forming the pattern are bright white, forming a crescent­shaped proximal band, in contrast to the ivory­yellow setae and the V­shaped proximal band of the other three species. Adult. Forewing length 9­9.9 mm, n = 28. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae dark brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi chestnut brown; mesotarsi dark brown; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; black; with two transverse bands; proximal band white, extending from anterior to posterior wing margin; distal band white, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, widest and densest anteriorly; with single basal stripe, white (Fig. 107). Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 25A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded; thinly sclerotized anteromesally (Fig. 25B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 8, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 25A). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 25A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and bifid; basolateral processes short, length less than or equal to diameter; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow; with paired mesal carinae (Fig. 25A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 25A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes tapered apically; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 25D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 26C). Tergum IX with very short mesal ridge (Fig. 26B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 26A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes long, at least twice diameter and often asymmetrical (Fig. 26B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 26A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite ovoid (Fig. 26A). Holotype male: PERU: Madre de Dios: Manu Biosphere Res., Pakitza Bio. Sta., Quebrada Trompetero, trail 2, marker 15, 11°56'39”S, 71°16'59"W, 350 m, 3.vii.1993, Blahnik & Pescador (MHNJP). Paratypes: BOLIVIA: La Paz: Río Alto Beni, Palos Blancos, 600 m, 11­15.i.1976, Peña G. — 1 male (NMNH); Santa Cruz: Sara, 450 m, Steinbach — 1 male (CMNH); PERU: Cuzco: Quincemil, xi.1962, Peña G. — 1 male (CNC); — 2 males (NMNH); Madre de Dios: Toma del Agua, Amazonia Lodge, 12°52'13”S, 71°22'34"W, 415 m, 29.vi.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 male (NMNH); — 1 male (UMSP); Manu Biosphere Res., Pakitza Bio. Sta., 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 350 m, 30.ix.1987, Pogue — 1 male (NMNH); 01­13­03­99, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 350 m, 2.x.1987, Pogue — 1 male (NMNH); Aquajal, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 12.ix.1988, Pogue — 2 males (NMNH); trail 1, marker 14 (1st stream), 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 19­23.ix.1989, Adams et al. — 1 male (NMNH); trail 1, marker 4 (near tents), 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 8­22.ix.1989, Adams et al. — 1 female, 3 males (NMNH); — 1 male (MHNJP); — 1 male (UMSP); trail 2, marker 18, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 12­23.ix.1989, Adams et al. — 1 male (MHNJP); — 5 males (NMNH); Quebrada Paujil­Picoflor, trail 1, marker 13, 11°56'39”S, 71°16'59"W, 350 m, 2.vii.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 female (NMNH); 4­6.vii.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 female (MHNJP); — 1 female (NMNH); Quebrada Trompetero, trail 2, marker 15, 11°56'39”S, 71°16'59"W, 350 m, 3.vii.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 male (MHNJP); — 1 female, 2 males (NMNH); — 2 females (UMSP). Distribution. Bolivia, Peru. Etymology. Bicarinatus, from the Latin bi­, “two” and carinatus, “keeled,” referring to the double keel of tergum X., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 32-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus quadridigitatus, new species Fig. 96 This species is known only from a single male, with antennae and wings badly rubbed. Thus, any ornamentation of wings or antennae is unknown. The phallic endotheca is not fully everted, so I am unable to describe the membranous lobes. Phylloicus quadridigitatus is distinguished by the two pairs of digitate processes of tergum X, from which it takes its name. Adult. Forewing length 7.3 mm, n = 1. Head black, including setal warts. Maxillary palps black. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown. Prothorax black; dorsal pterothorax black; ventrolateral thorax chestnut brown. Femora chestnut brown; tibiae golden brown; tarsi golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,2,2. Forewing flat; dark brown; without colored markings. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending length of segment; posterior margin obtuse (Fig. 96B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 96A); sternum IX without mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 96C). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, widest near base, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 96A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes long, length at least twice diameter; apex, in lateral view, with long digitate posterodorsal projection and short ventral projection, in dorsal view, cleft; with paired spine­like mesal setae at mid­length; posteriorly with two pairs of digitate processes, dorsomesal processes twice length of ventrolateral processes (Fig. 96A, B). Harpago large, rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 96A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 96D, E). Female. Unknown. Holotype male: BRAZIL: São Paulo: Alto da Serra, 29­30.x.1927, Zerny (NMW). Distribution. Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 91-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus munozi, new species Figs. 74, 75 Phylloicus “species 2" Flint, 1991:99. Phylloicus munozi is similar to P. blahniki, but is distinguished by the unmodified tergum III, the absence of posterior processes of tergum IV and a complex lateral sclerite (Fig. 74F), and the long digitate basodorsal process of tergum X (Fig. 74A, B). Adult. Forewing length 9.7­10.5 mm, n = 17. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax pale tan. Legs pale tan. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band pale orange­yellow, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, narrow, less than 10 setae wide; distal band pale orange­yellow, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less, narrow, less than 10 setae wide; with two basal stripes, ivory; cell Cu and base of cell Cu 2 clear. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with paired lateral sclerites, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; lateral sclerite spatulate, directed laterally and with acute basomesal process; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata single­lobed, setose, capable of inflation beyond terminalia. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 74F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin continuous with basodorsal process of tergum X (Fig. 74B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 2, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 74A); sternum IX without mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 74C). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 74A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire (Fig. 74A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 74A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes tapered apically, apicolateral lobes large and rounded; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 74D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 75C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 75B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 75A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 75B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 75A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular (Fig. 75A). Holotype male: COSTA RICA: Cartago: Reserva Tapantí, Quebrada Palmitos & falls, ca. 9 km (road) NW tunnel, 09°43'12”N, 83°46'48"W, 1400 m, 1­2.viii.1990, Holzenthal, Blahnik, & Muñoz (UMSP). Paratypes: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Mun. Envigado, Quebrada La Ayura, 1750 m, 2.xii.1983, Matthias — 1 female (NMNH); site B, 1750 m, 9.xii.1983, Matthias — 2 females (NMNH); trap B, 1750 m, 20.iv.1983, Matthias — 1 male (NMNH); 23.viii.1983, Matthias — 2 males (NMNH); COSTA RICA: Límon: Limon, 16 km W Guapiles, 400 m, Ii.­ Mar 1989, Hanson — 1 male (UMSP); Puntarenas: Río Bellavista trib., Las Alturas, road to quarry, 08°57'07”N, 82°50'53"W, 1480 m, 19.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 1 male (INBIO); — 1 male (UMSP); Río Jaba, rock quarry, 1.4 km (air) W Las Cruces, 08°47'24”N, 82°58'12"W, 1150 m, 9.viii.1990, Holzenthal, Blahnik, & Muñoz — 1 male (UMSP); 15.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 2 males (UMSP); Jardín Botanico R & C Wilson, unnamed trib., Sendro del Agua, 08°48'00”N, 82°57'36"W, 1180 m, 8.viii.1990, Holzenthal, Blahnik, & Muñoz — 2 males (UMSP); San José: Reserva Biológica Carara, Río del Sur, 1.5 km (rd) S Carara, 09°46'08”N, 84°31'52"W, 160 m, 13.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 1 female (UMSP); PANAMA: Chiriqui: Fortuna Dam Site nr. Hornitos, 08°55'00”N, 82°16'00"W, 1050 m, 4.i.­ 7.iii.1978, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama. Etymology. This species is named for Fernando Muñoz­Quesada, who collected the type specimen., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 75-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1991) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XLV: The taxonomy, phenology, and faunistics of the Trichoptera of Antioquia, Colombia, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Vol. 520. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 113 pp."]}

Phylloicus magnus Banks Figs. 66, 67 Phylloicus magnus Banks, 1913:236 [Type locality: Colombia, Monte Socorro; MCZ; male]. — Flint 1967:19 [male]. As suggested by its name, P. magnus is probably the largest species of Phylloicus. It is also distinguished by the long coxopodite, the notched apex of tergum X, and the short preanal appendage. The female specimen described here is circumstantially associated. Like the holotype of P. magnus, it is very large. The only Colombian species large enough to be conspecific with this female is P. magnus. The description of the adult is based on this female specimen, which is much less rubbed than the male. Adult. Forewing length 16.2­18.5 mm, n = 2. Head chestnut brown, with dorsomesal crest of dark brown setae. Maxillary palps dark brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna of male twice forewing length; female antenna 11/2 times forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Legs golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae pale. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with golden bands and dark patches; with single basal stripe, golden; with irregular gold and dark brown patches posterad of Cu 1; with small golden spots marking nygma and thyridium. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending 1/2 length of segment; posterior margin smoothly rounded (Fig. 66B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 5, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 66A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 66C). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 66A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, notched, notch triangular; with paired short basomesal processes, each bearing single spine­like seta (Fig. 66A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 66A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoeshaped (Fig. 66D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch; sternum VIII (Fig. 67C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 67B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, punctate, with shallow pockets anterolateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 67A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex rounded; mesal lobe with single mesal seta; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 67B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 67A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections rounded; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized sphere (Fig. 67A). Material examined. COLOMBIA: Monte Socorro, 3600 m, Fassl — holotype male (MCZ); Caldas: 5 km W Termales de Ruiz, 3200 m, 27­29.ii.1984, C & O Flint — 1 female (NMNH). Distribution. Colombia., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 68-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1913) Synopses and descriptions of exotic Neuroptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 39, 201 - 242.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37."]}

Phylloicus elegans Hogue and Denning Figs. 43, 44, 109 Phylloicus elegans Hogue and Denning, 1983 in Denning et al. 1983:184 [Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island; WSU; male]. — Flint 1991:98 [male, distribution]. The wing pattern of P. elegans (Fig. 109) is identical to that of P. lituratus. However, the male abdomen of P. elegans is very distinctive: tergum IV has distinctively shaped posteriorly projecting lateral sclerites and multilobed lateral coremata (Fig. 43F). The females of the two species are indistinguishable, and as several series from different localities contain males of both P. elegans and P. lituratus, all determinations of females are tentative. Hybrids may occur; this is discussed under P. lituratus. Adult. Forewing length 10.4­12.1 mm, n = 106. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; foretibiae dark brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi dark brown; mesotarsi white proximally, dark distally; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, an inverted V­shape; distal band ivory, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with two basal stripes, ivory (Fig. 109). Hind wing basal brush present in male and female; male brush light brown; female brush dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes and paired lateral sclerites, lateral coremata; posterior process truncate; lateral sclerite spatulate, directed laterally; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 43F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 43A, C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending full length of segment; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection (Fig. 43B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 4, ventral pleural setae approximately 2 (Fig. 43A). Preanal appendage at least 11/2 times length of tergum X, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 43A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes short, length less than or equal to diameter; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire or notched, notch shallow; with paired dorsolateral ridges (Fig. 43A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 43A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 43D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 44C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 44B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 44A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 44B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 44A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized cone (Fig. 44A). Material examined. COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Quebrada Honda, 12 km SW Fredonia, 1450 m, 22.ii.1983, Flint — 3 males, 1 female (NMNH); Quebrada La Jimenez, Mun. Sopetran, trap C, 780 m, 22.v.1983, Matthias — 1 male (NMNH); COSTA RICA: Alajuela: 20 km S Upala, 15.vii.1990, Parker — 2 males (EMUS); 6.i.1991, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 30.v.1991, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 1­15.vii.1991, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 1­10.viii.1991, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 21­31.viii.1991, Parker — 1 male, 1 female (EMUS); unnamed river, Cerro Campana ca. 6 km (air) NW Dos Rios, 10°54'00”N, 85°24'00"W, 640 m, 22­23.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, & Clausen — 1 male (UMSP); Guanacaste: Maritza, Quebrada Marilin, 10°57'04”N, 85°29'24"W, 600 m, 12.i.1992, Sweeney, MacLeod, & Villalobos — 3 males (NMNH); 9.xi.1992, de la Rosa — 1 male (UMSP); Río Los Ahogados, Río Los Ahogados, 11.3 km ENE Quebrada Grande, 10°51'54”N, 85°25'23"W, 470 m, 7.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 1 male (UMSP); Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Río Orosí, Estación Pitilla, 10°59'28”N, 85°25'41"W, 700 m, 22­25.v.1990, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 male (UMSP); Límon: Río Uatsi, ca. 8 km (air) W Bribri, 09°37'12”N, 82°54'00"W, 60 m, 25.v.1987, Holzenthal, Hamilton, & Heyn — 1 male (UMSP); Puntarenas: Río Singrí, ca 2 km (air) S Finca Helechales, 09°03'25”N, 83°04'55"W, 720 m, 21.ii.1986, Holzenthal, Morse, & Fasth — 1 male (UMSP); San José: Escazu, 11­18.iv.1988, Parker — 2 males (EMUS); 15.iv.1988, Parker — 2 males (EMUS); 15­21.v.1988, Parker — 1 male, 1 female (EMUS); Reserva Biológica Carara, Río Carara, Carara, 09°46'41”N, 84°31'52"W, 200 m, 14.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 1 male (UMSP); Río del Sur, 1.5 km (rd) S Carara, 09°46'08”N, 84°31'52"W, 160 m, 13.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 1 male (UMSP); ECUADOR: Pichincha: Río Palenque Biological Station, Río Palenque, Santo Domingo (47 km), 229 m, 29.vii.1976, Cohen — 1 male (NMNH); NICARAGUA: Chontales: Rt. 7, km 206 E of Villa Somosa, 29.vii.1967, Flint & Ortiz — 1 male (NMNH); Jinotega: Cerro Mazú, 14°33'00”N, 85°07'00"W, 220 m, 7­10.ix.1997, Maes & Hernández — 2 males, 1 female (UMSP); Zelaya: Cerro Saslaya, 13°44'00”N, 85°01'00"W, 700 m, 1.iv.1996, Maes & Hernández — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); PANAMA: Darien: Río Tacarcuna, 579 m, 11.vii.1963, Fairchild — 1 male (MCZ); Panama: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 28­ 30.iv.1964, S & W Duckworth — 1 male (NMNH); 10­17.v.1964, S & W Duckworth — 1 male (NMNH); 21.ii.1967, Akre — 12 male, 21 female paratypes (CAS); 22­24.ii.1967, Akre — holotype male (WSU); 12.iii.1967, Akre — allotype female (WSU); 18.iii.1967, Akre — 10 male, 14 female paratypes (CAS); 24­25.ii.1969, Akre — 8 male, 9 female paratypes (CAS); 12.iii.1969, Akre — 1 male, 2 female paratypes (CAS); 8.v.1977, Silberglied & Aiello — 1 male (NMNH); 25.vi.1978, Silberglied & Aiello — 1 male (NMNH); Snyder­Molino trail, marker 3, 28.ix.1988 ­ 3.i.1989, Wolda 7 males (NMNH); 13.xii.1989 ­ 13.ii.1990, Wolda — 6 males (UMSP); 12.xii.1990 ­ 5.ii.1991, Wolda — 5 males (NMNH); Windowpane trap­4A, 31.i.­5.ii.1986, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 46-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Denning, D. G., Resh, V. H. & Hogue, C. L. (1983) New species of Phylloicus and a new Neotropical genus of Calamoceratidae (Trichoptera). Aquatic Insects, 5, 181 - 191.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1991) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XLV: The taxonomy, phenology, and faunistics of the Trichoptera of Antioquia, Colombia, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Vol. 520. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 113 pp."]}

Phylloicus angustior Ulmer Figs. 19, 20 Phylloicus angustior Ulmer, 1905a:78 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio Gr. do Sul [sic]; NMW; male]. — Flint 1966:11 [lectotype male]. — Botosaneanu & Alkins­Koo 1993:38 [distribution]. I was unable to locate a specimen with Flint’s lectotype label; it is not possible to determine if the specimens from Vienna I examined are those examined by Flint; the label data are the same. Phylloicus angustior is distinguished by the acute apex of tergum X (in lateral view; Fig. 19A) and the unpatterned forewings. Adult. Forewing length 12.1­14.4 mm, n = 105. Head dark brown, with dorsomesal crest of chestnut brown setae. Maxillary palps chestnut brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; tibiae dark brown; foretarsi dark brown; mesotarsi pale tan; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with golden bands and dark patches; with single basal stripe, golden; darker setae surrounding thyridial spot, extending to posterior margin; two short dark bands in anterodistal portion of wing; with small golden spot marking thyridium. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round or narrow and parallel­sided (Fig. 19A, C). Tergum IX deeply notched anteriorly, margins of notch ridged; posterior margin with acute mesal projection (Fig. 19B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 19A). Preanal appendage longer than tergum X, but less than 11/2 times length, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 19A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes of varying length and often asymmetrical; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch round; with row of short setae on lateral surfaces and apicodorsally (Fig. 19A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 19A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 19D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch; sternum VIII (Fig. 20C). Tergum IX with very short mesal ridge (Fig. 20B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, punctate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 20A). Tergum X appendage length equal to mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter and often asymmetrical (Fig. 20B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 20A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized expanded tube (Fig. 20A). Material examined. ARGENTINA: Misiones: 10.xi.1909, Jørgensen — 1 male (MCZ); 20.xii.1909, Jørgensen — 1 female (MCZ); 6 km E El Dorado, 22.xi.1973, Flint — 1 female (NMNH); Ao. Coati, 15 km E San Jose, 18­19.xi.1973, Flint — 2 males (NMNH); Ao. Piray Mini W, Dos Hermanas, 23.xi.1973, Flint — 2 males (NMNH); Ao. Saura, 9 km N, L.N. Alem, 20.xi.1973, Flint — 3 males (NMNH); San Pedro, Arroyo Piray­Guazú, 22.xi.1973, Flint — 2 males (NMNH); BRAZIL: Goiás: Goiás, 7.vii.1984, Becker — 1 male (UMSP); Minas Gerais: Aldeia de Cachoeira das Pedras, 20°06'49”S, 44°01'25"W, 925 m, 28­29.ix.2000, Paprocki & Braga — 3 males, 3 females (MZUSP); — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); — 16 males, 10 females (UMSP); 9.x. Paprocki & Isaac — 5 males, 7 females (UMSP); Cachoeira do Abacaxi, Vale do Tropeiro, 20°12'16”S, 43°38'10"W, 1120 m, 30.ix.2000 — 1 male (UMSP); Ibitipoca, Sitio of Anestis Papadopolous, 21°43'14”S, 43°54'33"W, 1200 m, 23.x.2000, Paprocki — 1 female (UMSP); Rio das Velhas, upstream from São Bartolomeu, 20°18'39”S, 43°33'57"W, 18.ix.1998, Paprocki & Amarante — 8 males (UMSP); Rio Mainarte, bridge on Cibrão road, 20°27'15”S, 43°24'06"W, 700 m, 19.ix.1998, Paprocki & Amarante — 3 females (UMSP); trib. of Rio Parauninha, Serra do Breu, Faz. do Zé da Mata, 19°07'55”S, 43°37'24"W, 15.ii.1999, Paprocki & Braga — 3 males, 4 females (UMSP); Estação Ecológica de Tripuí, Córrego Botafogo, 20°22'54”S, 43°33'37"W, 1100 m, 16.xii.1998, Paprocki & Amarante — 1 female (UMSP); 23.i.1999, Amarante — 1 male (UMSP); Estação Ecológica do Tripuí, Córrego Tripuí, 20°23'22”S, 43°32'32"W, 1070 m, 21.ii.1999 — 1 female (UMSP); Serra do Cipó, Capão da Mata, 19°19'21”S, 43°32'15"W, 1170 m, 10.iii.1996, Holzenthal, Rochetti, & Oliveira — 2 females (UMSP); km 126, 15.xii.1973, Froehlich — 2 males (NMNH); Parana: Rio Cascata, Graciosa, road to Morretes, 25°20'13”S, 48°53'58"W, 750 m, 10.i.1998, Holzenthal, Melo, & Almeida — 1 male (UMSP); Rio Grande do Sul: Staudinger & Bang­Haas — 1 male (DEI); Stieglmayr — 1 male, lectotype male (NMW); Pelotas, 20.iv.1958, Biezanko — 1 male (BMNH); Santa Catarina: Seara (Nova Teutônia), 27°11'00”S, 52°23'00"W, 300­500 m, 11.x.1936, Plaumann — 1 male (BMNH); 7.ix.1937, Plaumann — 1 male (BMNH); 1.x.1964, Plaumann — 1 male (NMNH); Urubici, Morro da Igreja, Cachoeira Veu da Noiva, 28°04'36”S, 49°31'05"W, 1300 m, 5.iii.1998, Holzenthal, Froehlich, & Paprocki — 1 male (UMSP); PARAGUAY: Itapua: Pirapo, 28­31.xii.1971, Peña G. — 5 males (NMNH); Paraguari: Parque Nacional Ybycui, Arroyo Mina, 5.x.1984, Bonace — 1 male (NMNH); URUGUAY: Cerro Largo: Arroyo Quebrache, 1.iii.1959, Carbonell — 3 males (NMNH). Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 27-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1905 a) Neue und wenig bekannte aussereuropaische Trichopteren, hauptsachlich aus dem Wiener Museum. Annalen des kaiserlich-koniglich naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 20, 59 - 98.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1966) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, III: Types of some species described by Ulmer and Brauer. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 120, 1 - 20.","Botosaneanu, L. & Alkins-Koo, M. (1993) The caddis flies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 63, 5 - 45."]}

Phylloicus spectabilis Martynov Fig. 99 Phylloicus spectabilis Martynov, 1912:9 [Type locality: Peru, Callanga; ASL; male]. This species is known only from the badly rubbed lectotype male and one paralectotype male, which is missing an abdomen. The modifications of the male abdomen are extremely elaborate in this species. It is similar to a number of other species, but is distinguished by the shape of the lateral sclerite of tergum IV, the arrangement and number of lobes of the coremata (Fig. 99F), and the shape of sternum VIII (Fig. 99C). The description of color features is based on the paralectotype. Adult. Forewing length 11.6 mm, n = 2. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps chestnut brown. Antenna chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax chestnut brown. Legs chestnut brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band golden, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; distal band golden, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; with two basal stripes, golden. Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum III with sclerotized setose processes of posterior pleural membrane. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes and paired lateral sclerites, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; posterior process truncate; lateral sclerite spatulate, directed laterally; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata bilobed, setose, posterior lobe three times length of anterior lobe. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 99F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process absent and posterior of segment semimembranous (Fig. 99C). Tergum IX with paired mesal ridges extending length of segment; posterior margin continuous with basodorsal process of tergum X (Fig. 99B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 5, ventral pleural setae approximately 3 (Fig. 99A). Preanal appendage at least 11/2 times length of tergum X, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 99A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, entire (Fig. 99A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 99A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 99D, E). Female. Unknown. Material examined. PERU: Cuzco: Callanga, Staudinger & Bang­Haas — lectotype male, 1 male paralectotype (ASL). Distribution. Peru., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 94-95, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Martynov, A. B. (1912) On two collections of Trichoptera from Peru. Annuaire de Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperial des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 17, 1 - 40."]}

Phylloicus monticolus Flint Figs. 72, 73 Phylloicus monticolus Flint, 1968a:74 [Type locality: Dominica, 1.6 miles west of Pont Casse; NMNH; male; female, larva, pupa, case]. — Botosaneanu 1994:51 [distribution]. This species is most similar to P. lituratus. It is distinguished by the short preanal appendages, the shape of tergum X, and the wing pattern. Flint (1968a, describing very fresh specimens) gives the color as “blue black marked with orange…forewings with two pale pinkish bands.” Adult. Forewing length 8.6­ 11 mm, n = 13. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps chestnut brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Prothorax golden brown; dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi golden brown; mesotarsi white; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band pinkish white, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; distal band pinkish­white, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; with two basal stripes, ivory. Hind wing basal brush present in male, short and light brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 72A, C). Tergum IX deeply notched anteriorly, margins of notch ridged; posterior margin smoothly rounded (Fig. 72B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 3, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 72A). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 72A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow (Fig. 72A, B). Harpago short, rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 72A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 72D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 73C). Tergum IX with very short mesal ridge (Fig. 73B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 73A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 73B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 73A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ring (Fig. 73A). Material examined. DOMINICA: 0.5 mi. S of Pont Casse, 11.iv.1964, Flint — 1 female paratype (NMNH); 1.6 mi. W of Pont Casse, 24.iv.1964, Flint — 1 male paratype (CNC); 28.iv.1964, Flint — 1 female paratype (CNC); 2.v.1964, Flint — 1 female paratype (NMNH); 6.v.1964, Flint — 1 female paratype (NMNH); 7.v.1964, Flint — 1 female paratype (NMNH); 9.v.1964, Flint — holotype male (NMNH); — 1 male paratype (CNC); 17.v.1964, Flint — 1 male paratype (NMNH); 1/ 2 mi. W of Pont Casse, 22­24.vii.1963, Flint — 2 male, 1 female paratypes (NMNH); Pont Casse, 12­14.x.1964, Spangler — 1 male paratype (NMNH). Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 74-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1968 a) Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian biological survey of Dominica: 9. The (Trichoptera) caddisflies of the Lesser Antilles. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 125, 1 - 86.","Botosaneanu, L. (1994) A study of the larvae of caddisflies (Trichoptera) from Cuba. Tropical Zoology, 7, 451 - 475."]}

Phylloicus fenestratus Flint Figs. 51, 52 Phylloicus fenestratus Flint, 1974b:139 [Type locality: Surinam, Nickerie River, Stondansi; RNH; male]; 1996:425 [distribution]. Phylloicus fenestratus is distinguished by the forewing pattern, which consists of a chestnut brown wing with narrow proximal and distal bands of white, a patch of white in the proximal half of cell Cu 2, and cells R 1, R, thyridial and 1 st M cells clear proximally. The male abdomen is distinguished by the absence of — coremata or tergal modifications, and tergum X is fusiform (Fig. 51A, B). The phallus is sharply curved basally, although the curvature varies in degree (Fig. 51D). Adult. Forewing length 7.3­9.2 mm, n = 53. Head chestnut brown, with dorsomesal crest of chestnut brown setae. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi golden brown; mesotarsi white; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; chestnut brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band white, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, narrow, less than 10 setae wide; distal band white, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, narrow, less than 10 setae wide; with single basal stripe, white; proximal half of basal cells clear. Hind wing basal brush present in male and female, dark brown; female brush short. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending full length of segment; posterior margin notched (Fig. 51B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 15, ventral pleural setae approximately 2 (Fig. 51A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 51C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 51A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, entire; covered with short setae basodorsally (Fig. 51A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae tiny, mesal (Fig. 51A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes digitate, apicolateral lobes rounded and setose; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 51D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 52C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 52B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with deep sublateral invaginations (Fig. 52A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base distinct, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 52B). Sternum X with single pair of fine setae in membrane lateral to anal opening (Fig. 52A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized cone (Fig. 52A). Material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Am. 010, km 246, 20 km W Itacoatiara, 12­15.vii.1979, Arias et al. — 1 male (NMNH); Hyutanahã, Rio Purus, 1.xii.1921, Klages — 1 male (CMNH); Manaus, 2.vii.1976, Serrano — 1 female (NMNH); Tefe, 26.xii., Parish — 1 male (MCZ); Manaus, Est. Aleixo, 18.v.1976, DeLome — 1 female (INPA); Itacoatiara, km 244, 19.i.1977, Penny — 1 male (INPA); Res. Ducke, 26 km E Manaus, 30.ix.1986, Luis — 3 males, 9 females (INPA); Paraíba: Olivedos, 9.ix., Parish — 1 adult (MCZ); Parana: Rio Xingu, camp ca. 60 km S Altamira, 1st jungle stream trail 1, 03°39'00”S, 52°22'00"W, 2­8.x.1986, Spangler & Flint — 3 males (NMNH); Rondonia: Cacaulândia, 140 m, 1.xi.1994, Becker — 1 male (NMNH); Roraima: Serra Pacaraima, 27.viii.1987, Rafael, Aquino, Vidal, & Binda — 4 males, 1 female (INPA); ECUADOR: Napo: Puerto Montufar, 27.iv.1976, Cohen — 1 female (NMNH); 28.iv.1976, Cohen — 3 males (NMNH); Pastaza: Cononaco, 29.v.1976, Cohen — 3 males (NMNH); — 1 male (UMSP); GUYANA: Warniabo Cr., Dubulay Ranch, 05°39'48”N, 57°53'24"E, 14­ 19.iv.1995, Flint — 1 male (NMNH); Bartica District, Kartabo, 10.iii.1924 — 1 female (AMNH); PERU: Loreto: Iquitos, 6.ii., Parish — 1 female (MCZ); Yurimaguas — 1 male (BMNH); 1.iv., Parish — 1 male (MCZ); Madre de Dios: Río Tambopata Res., 30 km (air) SW Pto. Maldonado, 12°50'00”S, 69°17'00"W, 290 m — 1 female (NMNH); Manu Biosphere Res., Pakitza Bio. Sta., 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 350 m, 4.x.1987, Pogue — 1 male (UMSP); trail 1, marker 8, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 11­13.ix.1989, Adams — 1 male (NMNH); trail 2, marker 18, 11°56'00”S, 71°18'00"W, 250 m, 12­23.ix.1989, Adams et al. — 1 male (NMNH); Quebrada Paujil­Picoflor, 11°56'39”S, 71°16'59"W, 350 m, 5.vii.1993, Blahnik & Pescador — 1 male (NMNH); SURINAME: Sipaliwini: Nickerie River, Blanche Marie, 12.ii.1971, Geijskes — 1 male paratype (NMNH); Nickerie River, Stondansi, 31.i.1971, Geijskes — holotype male (RNH); VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, 00°51'N 66°10'W, 140 m, 4­12.ii.1984, Davis & McCabe — 1 male (NMNH); 23­29.ii.1984, Davis & McCabe — 1 female (NMNH); 21­ 28.ii.1985, Spangler, Faitoute, & Steiner — 1 female (NMNH); 23.ii.1985, Spangler, Faitoute, & Steiner — 1 male (NMNH); Camp V, 00°49'00”N, 66°00'00"W, 1250 m, 23­ 24.iii.1984, Flint — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 53-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Flint, O. S., Jr. (1974 b) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XV: The Trichoptera of Surinam. Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and other Guianas, 14, 1 - 151, plates 151 - 154."]}

Phylloicus cubanus Banks Figs. 40­42, 108 Phylloicus cubanus Banks, 1924:445 [Type locality: Cuba; MCZ; male]. — Flint 1967:18 [male]. — Botosaneanu & Sykora 1973:399 [male, larva, pupa]. — Botosaneanu 1994:468 [larva]. This species is most similar to P. iridescens, pulchrus, and superbus, all of which have a similar pattern of orange bands across brown wings. Phylloicus cubanus and P. superbus are very similar (see discussion under P. superbus), with an apically expanded harpago (Fig. 41A, C), but P. cubanus is the smaller of the two species. Adult. Forewing length 7.7­9.9 mm, n = 28. Head golden brown. Maxillary palps dark brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; foretibiae golden; mesotibiae golden; metatibiae dark brown; tarsi golden. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,2. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band orange, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, wide, at least 1/6 wing length; distal band orange, extending from anterior to posterior wing margins, wide, at least 1/6 wing length (Fig. 108). Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX deeply notched anteriorly, margins of notch ridged; posterior margin continuous with basodorsal process of tergum X (Fig. 41B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 15, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 41A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 41C). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 41A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow; with paired short longitudinal ridges at mid­length (Fig. 41A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 41A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes tapered apically, apicolateral lobes large and rounded; phallotremal sclerites very large, longest dimension twice diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite two­armed, in lateral view U­shaped (Fig. 41D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 42C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending length of segment (Fig. 42B). Sternum IX anterior lobes smooth and indistinct, posterior lobes striate, with shallow pockets anterolateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 42A). Tergum X appendage length equal to mesal lobe, base distinct, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 42B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 42A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ring (Fig. 42A). Material examined. CUBA: 1864, Gundlach — holotype male (MCZ); Holguin: Pin. Mayari, 640 m, 1.vii.1990, Becker — 2 males, 3 females (NMNH); Oriente: Coast below Pico Turquino, 26.vi.1936, Darlington — 1 male (MCZ); Gran Piedra Range, 2000­3000 f m, 30­31.v.1936, Darlington — 3 males (MCZ), 1 female (MCZ); La Gran Piedra, 1.vi.1963 — 2 females (UMSP); Loma del Gato, Cobre Range, 3­7.vii.1936, Darlington — 6 males, 4 females (MCZ); Mountains N of Imias, 3000­4000 f m, 25­28.vii.1936, Darlington — 2 females (MCZ); Sancti Spíritus: Buenos Aires, L. Villas, 1.vi.1953, Zayas — 1 male (NMNH); Buenos Aires, Trinidad Mountains, 762­1067 m, 17­23.vi.1939, Parsons — 1 female (MCZ); Santiago de Cuba: Pico Turquino, S side, 3000­5000 f m, 1.vi.1936, Darlington — 4 males (MCZ). Distribution. Cuba., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1924) Descriptions of new neuropteroid insects. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 65, 421 - 455.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37.","Botosaneanu, L. & Sykora, J. L. (1973) Sur quelques Trichopteres (Insecta: Trichoptera) de Cuba. In: Resultats des Expeditions Biospeologiques cubano-roumaines a Cuba, Vol. 1. Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest, pp. 379 - 424.","Botosaneanu, L. (1994) A study of the larvae of caddisflies (Trichoptera) from Cuba. Tropical Zoology, 7, 451 - 475."]}

Phylloicus abdominalis (Ulmer) Figs. 4, 5, 9, 10, 117 Phylloicus abdominalis (Ulmer, 1905b:34) [Original type locality: “Are­as,” probably in Santa Catarina, Brazil; type destroyed; male; in Homoeoplectron]. — Ulmer 1913: 398 [distribution]. NEOTYPE: BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Itajai, Müller, male, (MCZ; UMSP000067339) The type of P. abdominalis, stated by Ulmer to be deposited at Halle, was, according to the curator there, destroyed during or shortly after World War II. Ulmer’s description and illustration refer to a specimen from “Are­as.” This name is likely a variant spelling of “Areis,” which is a common place­name in Brazil. The specimen likely came to Ulmer from Müller, who collected in the state of Santa Catarina. The only other reference to this species is in Ulmer’s 1913 paper, where he mentions a male specimen in his collection from the province of Misiones, Argentina. I was not able to find this specimen in any of the European collections that received Ulmer’s personal collection; I have not seen anything from Argentina that is conspecific with P. abdominalis, and the specimen from Misiones is likely to have been P. pirapo, new species. Ulmer’s illustration of P. abdominalis is very poor, but does show modifications to abdominal tergum IV that include posterior processes and mesal coremata. His description clearly describes these structures. The description is sufficient to eliminate most known forms of Phylloicus, but several species still fit his description. The only specimen from Santa Catarina that fits this description was found among the paralectotypes of P. major, which lacks any abdominal modifications or coremata. The specimen with the abdominal structures also differs from the lectotype and the other male paralectotype of P. major in having a white spot on the forewing, marking the nygma. In addition to this male specimen, among the P. major paralectotypes are two females and a specimen lacking its abdomen, all with the white spot on the forewing. The specimen missing its abdomen is labeled “ Phylloicus abdominalis Ulmer ” in what appears to be Ulmer’s own handwriting. As P. abdominalis cannot be discriminated on the basis of Ulmer’s description alone, to ensure taxonomic stability I am designating a neotype here. Phylloicus abdominalis is distinguished by the following characteristics: a small patch of white setae on the forewing marks the location of the nygma; the mesal coremata are bifurcate, the more mesal lobe long and bare except for a small patch of setae basally, the lateral lobe short and setose; the lateral coremata are three­lobed, the dorsal­most lobe with spicules, anterior lobe short, and the posterior lobe long and cylindrical; the lateral sclerite of tergum IV is a simple, straight flattened process (Fig. 9F). Adult. Forewing length 10.9­13.7 mm, n = 26. Head golden brown, setal warts pale. Maxillary palps golden brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antennae twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax golden brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; tibiae dark brown; foretarsi white proximally, dark distally; mesotarsi white proximally, dark distally; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band white, extending from anterior to posterior wing margin; distal band white, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with two basal stripes, golden; with small white spot marking nygma (Fig. 117). Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes and paired lateral sclerites, mesal coremata and lateral coremata; posterior process short, rounded; lateral sclerite narrowed apically; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe; mesal coremata bilobed, mesal lobe setose basally, lateral lobe covered with setae. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 9F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round or narrow and parallel­sided (Fig. 9A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection (Fig. 9B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 6, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 9A). Preanal appendage at least 11/2 times length of tergum X, widest apically, setae filamentous, longer than appendage (Fig. 9A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes of varying length and often asymmetrical, or absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow (Fig. 9A, B). Harpago short, rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 9A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes tapered apically; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 9D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 10C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 10B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 10A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter (Fig. 10B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 10A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized cone (Fig. 10A). Material examined. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Ibitipoca, Sitio of Anestis Papadopolous, 21°43'14”S, 43°54'33"W, 1200 m, 23.x.2000, Paprocki — 1 female (UMSP); Parana: Rio Mãe Catira, 10 km N Porto de Cima, 25°21'49”S, 48°52'28"W, 200 m, 8­ 9.xii.1997, Holzenthal & Huisman — 1 male (UMSP); trib. to Rio Mãe Catira, 10.5 km. N Porto de Cima, 25°21'47”S, 48°52'35"W, 200 m, 10.xii.1997, Holzenthal & Huisman — 2 males (UMSP); Rio de Janeiro: Gua., Parque de Cidade, 11.viii.1964, Mather — 2 males (NMNH); km 54, 26 km E of Nova Friburgo, 410 m, 19.iv.1977, C & O Flint — 1 male (NMNH); 25.iv.1977, C & O Flint — 1 male (NMNH); Nova Friburgo, 800 m, 22.i.1993, Becker — 1 female (NMNH); Santa Catarina: Müller — 1 female (BMNH); Itajaí, 26°53'00”S, 48°39'00"W, Müller — neotype male, 2 females, 1 adult (MCZ); Sao Paulo: Estacion Biological Paranapiacaba, 17.i.1964, Froehlich — 2 males (NMNH); Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, Rio Galharada, 22°41'40”S, 45°27'47"W, 1530 m, 4­ 5.iii.1996, Holzenthal & Guahyba — 1 female (UMSP). Distribution. Argentina (but see discussion above), Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1905 b) Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaischer Trichopteren (Neue Trichopteren des Hamburger und Stettiner Museums und des Zoologischen Instituts in Halle, nebst Beschreibungen einiger Typen Kolenati's und Burmeister's). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 66, 1 - 119.","Ulmer, G. (1913) Verzeichnis der sudamerikanischen Trichopteren mit Bemerkungen uber einzelne Arten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 383 - 414."]}

Phylloicus lituratus Banks Figs. 61, 62 Phylloicus lituratus Banks, 1920:350 [Type locality: Colombia, Mariquito; MCZ; male]. — Flint 1967:19 [male]. — Denning et al. 1983:182 [redescription]. Phylloicus “species 1" Flint, 1991:98. Phylloicus priapulus Denning and Hogue, 1983 in Denning et al. 1983:187 [Type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas Province, 1.8 miles west of Rincón, Osa Peninsula; LACM; male]. NEW SYNONYM. This species exhibits a range of minor variation across its distribution and within populations. This variation may indicate the presence of more than one species, but although I have examined many specimens from a broad geographic area, I am unable to find consistent linkage of variation among characters and therefore am treating this as a single species. The types of P. lituratus and priapulus represent the extremes of morphology for tergum X and its processes, but intermediate morphologies are easily found within series. For this reason, I am synonymizing these two species. Phylloicus lituratus is distinguished by the wing pattern (as in Fig. 109), the lack of abdominal coremata, and preanal appendages longer than tergum X (Fig. 61A, B). A few specimens appear to be hybrids, probably with P. elegans. The wing pattern is identical to both P. elegans and lituratus; male terminalia are consistent with other P. lituratus specimens, but there is a tiny eversible membranous lobe in the IVth abdominal pleuron. The elaborate modifications of the P. elegans IVth abdominal segment are absent, however. Within a given series of specimens, the presence of this lobe is inconsistent, and for this reason I believe these specimens may represent a spatial or temporal hybrid zone. As discussed under P. elegans, the females of P. elegans and P. lituratus are indistinguishable, and therefore all determinations are tentative. Adult. Forewing length 10.4­12.1 mm, n = 95. Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; foretibiae dark brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi dark brown; mesotarsi white proximally, dark distally; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, an inverted V­shape; distal band ivory, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with two basal stripes, ivory. Hind wing basal brush present in male, light brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 61A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection (Fig. 61B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 3, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 61A). Preanal appendage longer than tergum X, but less than 11/2 times length, widest apically, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 61A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes of varying length and often asymmetrical; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire or notched, notch shallow and round (Fig. 61A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 61A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes, apicolateral lobes large and rounded; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 61D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 62C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 62B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 62A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter and often asymmetrical (Fig. 62B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 62A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ovoid (Fig. 62A). Material examined. COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, 19 xii., Williamson — 1 male (MCZ); Antioquia: Mun. El Retiro, Quebrada La Cebolla, trap A, 2150 m, 21.v.1983, Matthias — 1 male (NMNH); Boyacá: Muzo, 900 m, 1936, Bequaert — 1 female (MCZ); Tolima: Mariquita, 5.ii., Williamson — P. lituratus holotype male (MCZ); COSTA RICA: Alajuela: 20 km S Upala, 8­10.v.1990, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 1.vii.1990, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 7.ii.1991, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 11­20.viii.1991, Parker — 2 males (EMUS); 1­10.ix.1991, Parker — 1 male, 1 female (EMUS); Río Pizote, ca. 5 km (air) S Brasilia, 10°58'19”N, 85°20'42"W, 390 m, 9.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 1 male (UMSP); 12.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 6 males, 1 female (UMSP); unnamed river, Cerro Campana ca. 6 km (air) NW Dos Rios, 10°54'00”N, 85°24'00"W, 640 m, 22­ 23.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, & Clausen — 3 males, 1 female (UMSP); Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito & tribs., 10°12'58”N, 84°36'25"W, 980 m, 1­ 4.v.1990, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 female (UMSP); 6­10.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 2 males (UMSP); Guanacaste: Finca Montezuma, 3 km SE R. Naranjo, 1­ 5.vi.1992, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 3.vi.1992, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); Río Liberia, Liberia, 11.i.1910, Calvert — 1 female (MCZ); Río Los Ahogados, Río Los Ahogados, 11.3 km ENE Quebrada Grande, 10°51'54”N, 85°25'23"W, 470 m, 7.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 2 males, 3 females (UMSP); Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Quebrada Alcornoque, El Hacha, 11°00'32”N, 85°34'37"W, 250 m, 26.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, & Clausen — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); Quebrada Pedregal, El Hacha, 10°58'59”N, 85°32'20"W, 300 m, 5.ii.1988, Strand — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Río Negro, 10°45'54”N, 85°18'47"W, 810 m, 3.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 1 male (UMSP); Límon: Limon, 16 km W Guapiles, 400 m, 1.ii.­1.iii.1989, Hanson — 1 male (UMSP); Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Quebrada González, 10°09'36”N, 83°56'20"W, 480 m, 12­14.v.1990, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 male (INBIO); — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); 1 male (UMSP); Puntarenas: 1.8 mi. W Rincón, 1.ii.1971, Donahue & Hogue — P. priapulus holotype male (LACM); Corcovado National Park, Osa Peninsula, 5­9.v.1978, Janzen — 1 male (INBIO); Parque Nacional Corcovado, unnamed stream, Piedra el Arco, 08°34'55”N, 83°42'32"W, 20 m, 10.iv.1989, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 male (INBIO); ECUADOR: Napo: Puerto Orellana, Río Tiputini, 38°02'00”N, 76°08'54"W, 12­26.viii.1999, Mathis — 4 males, 2 females (NMNH); Pastaza: Tzapino, 01°19'00”S, 77°28'00"W, 1200 m, 25.v.1976, Figueroa — 1 male (NMNH); Pichincha: Río Palenque Biological Station, Río Palenque, Santo Domingo (47 km), 229 m, 29.vii.1976, Cohen — 6 males (NMNH); NICARAGUA: Río San Juan: Refugio Bartola, 1.5 km N. of station, Río Bartola, 10°58'00”N, 84°21'00"W, 40 m, 8.viii.2000, Chamorro & Dobbins — 1 male (UMSP); Zelaya: Río Las Latas, 14°04'00”N, 88°33'00"W, 220 m, 2.vi.1998, Maes & Hernández — 4 males (UMSP); PANAMA: Chiriquí: 08°55'00”N, 82°16'00"W, 1050 m, Staudinger — 1 male (ZMHU); Coclé: Taboga, Taboga Island, 1.ii.1912, Busck — 1 male (NMNH); Colón: Canal Zone, Navy Res., Río Agua Salud, 30.iii.1965, S & W Duckworth — 1 male (NMNH); Darién: Río Tuir at Río Pucuro, 16­ 17.ii.1985, Louton — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Panama: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 8.ii.1967, Akre — 4 males (CAS); 12.iii.1967, Irwin — 5 males, 1 female (UMSP); 24­25.ii.1969, Akre — 3 males (CAS); 31.iii.1979, Silberglied & Aiello — 1 male (NMNH); Snyder­Molino trail, marker 3, 23­29.xii.1987, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH); 23­ 29.xi.1988, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH); 24­31.v.1989, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH); 13.xii.1989 ­ 13.ii 1990, Wolda — 1 male (UMSP); San Blas: Río Carti Grande, 2 km W Nusagandi, 5.iii.1985, Flint & Louton — 1 male (NMNH); VENEZUELA: Zulia: Perijá El Tucuco, Mission El Tucuco, Río del Pelaya, 2­1/ 2 km from church, 28­30.ix.1979, Savage — 1 male, 3 females (NMNH); Parque Nacional Perijá, Río Negro in Toromo, 10°03'04”N, 72°42'43"W, 360 m, 15.i.1994, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Rincón — 1 male (UMSP). Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela, Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 62-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1920) New neuropteroid insects. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 64, 299 - 362.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37.","Denning, D. G., Resh, V. H. & Hogue, C. L. (1983) New species of Phylloicus and a new Neotropical genus of Calamoceratidae (Trichoptera). Aquatic Insects, 5, 181 - 191.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1991) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XLV: The taxonomy, phenology, and faunistics of the Trichoptera of Antioquia, Colombia, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Vol. 520. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 113 pp."]}

Phylloicus obliquus Navás Figs. 78, 79 Phylloicus obliquus Navás, 1931:458 [Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais; DEI, female]. Phylloicus obliquus is very similar to P. bidigitatus and plaumanni (see discussion under bidigitatus), but differs in the wing pattern and the shape of male tergum X (Fig. 78A, B). Adult. Forewing length 8.9­9.7 mm, n = 4. Head golden brown, with dorsomesal crest of black setae. Maxillary palps golden, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Femora golden brown; foretibiae golden brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi golden brown; mesotarsi golden brown; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band white, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; distal band white, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; with single basal stripe, ivory. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with short mesal ridge extending from anterior notch; posterior margin not distinct from base of tergum X (Fig. 78B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 78A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 78C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 78A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch deep and round; dorsal surface covered with short setae (Fig. 78A, B). Harpago sharply tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 78A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 78D). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 79C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 79B). Sternum IX anterior lobes smooth and indistinct, posterior lobes striate, without distinct area of thin cuticle or invagination (Fig. 79A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter and often asymmetrical (Fig. 79B). Sternum X without setae in membrane (Fig. 79A). Vaginal apparatus posterior sclerite elongate; anterior sclerite tapered anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a tiny sclerotized sphere (Fig. 79A). Material examined. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: 1.v.1924, Le Moult — holotype female (DEI); Rio de Janeiro: Parque Nac. Tijuca, Jacarepaguá, Floresta da Tijuca, Represa dos Ciganos, 400 m, 7.iv.1977, C & O Flint — 1 female (NMNH); Santa Catarina: Parque Ecológica Spitzkopf, confl. Rio Ouro & Rio Caeté, 27°00'21”S, 49°06'42"W, 140 m, 3.iii.1998, Holzenthal, Froehlich, & Paprocki — 1 female (UMSP); Rio Caeté above 1st falls, 27°00'21”S, 49°06'42"W, 170 m, 4.iii.1998, Holzenthal, Froehlich, & Paprocki — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP). Distribution. Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Navas, R. P. L. (1931) Insectos del Brasil, 4 a Serie. Revista do Museu Paulista, 17, 455 - 458."]}

Phylloicus spinulacolis, new species Figs. 100, 101 This species is known only from two specimens, collected in copula as tenerals, and somewhat battered. Thus, details of coloration are unavailable. Phylloicus spinulacolis is small and black, and the male is remarkable for, and easily distinguished by, the prominent spine­like setae on the ventrolateral lobes of the phallic endotheca (Fig. 100D, E). Adult. Forewing length 9 mm, n = 2. Head black. Maxillary palps golden brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown. Dorsal pterothorax black; ventrolateral thorax dark brown. Legs dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,2. Forewing flat; dark brown, or black; without colored markings. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin smoothly rounded (Fig. 100A, B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig.100A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 100C). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, widest near base, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 100A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes of varying length and often asymmetrical; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch deep and triangular; setose dorsally (Fig. 100A, B). Harpago large, rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 100A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes and paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes large and round and bearing spine­like setae, apicolateral lobes large and rounded; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 100D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 101C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending length of segment; posterior margin marked mesally by acute ridge (Fig. 101B). Sternum IX anterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, posterior lobes smooth, punctate, without distinct area of thin cuticle or invagination (Fig. 101A). Tergum X appendage length equal to mesal lobe, base distinct, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes very short, length less than diameter and often asymmetrical (Fig. 101B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 101A). Vaginal apparatus anterior sclerite elongate; anterior sclerite emarginate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca membranous (Fig. 101A). Holotype male: VENEZUELA: Falcón: Río Ricoa near Dos Bocas, 11°17'19”N, 69°26'04"W, 157 m, 8.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa (UMSP). Paratype: VENEZUELA: Falcón: Río Ricoa near Dos Bocas, 11°17'19”N, 69°26'04"W, 157 m, 8.vi.2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, & Cressa — 1 female (UMSP). Distribution. Venezuela. Etymology. Spinulacolis, from the Latin spinula, “S,mall spine” and colis, “penis,” for the small spines on the phallic endotheca., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 95-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus llaviuco, new species Fig. 63 This species is known only from a single male, with broken antennae and wings badly rubbed. Thus, wing ornamentation and antennal length are incompletely known. The phallic endotheca is not fully everted, so I am unable to describe the membranous lobes. This species is similar in size and wing coloration to P. magnus; however, the male genitalia are distinctly different. Phylloicus llaviuco is distinguished by the long digitate basodorsal process of tergum X, and the absence of abdominal coremata. Adult. Forewing length 16.2 mm, n = 1. Head chestnut brown, with dorsomesal crest of dark brown setae. Maxillary palps golden brown, covered with dark brown setae. Antenna dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Legs golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae pale. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with color patches; with golden setae at chord, in patch distal to crossvein Cu, and marking vein A 3; with small golden spots marking nygma and thyridium. Hind wing basal brush present in male, dark brown. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII without anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX, or similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate; posteromesal process absent and posterior of segment semimembranous (Fig. 63A, C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending full length of segment; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection (Fig. 63B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae absent, ventral pleural setae approximately 15 (Fig. 63A); sternum IX (Fig. 63C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, widest near base, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 63A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire (Fig. 63A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 63A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 63D, E). Female. Unknown. Holotype male: ECUADOR: Azuay: Río Llaviuco, 16 km W Quenca, 3010 m, 18.ix.1990, Flint (NMNH). Distribution. Ecuador. Etymology. Named for the Río Llaviuco, where this species was collected., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 65-66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus nigripennis (Banks) Figs. 76, 77 Phylloicus nigripennis (Banks, 1900:256) [Type locality: Mexico, Puebla, Santa Maria; MCZ; female; in Heteroplectron]. — Flint 1967:17 [illustration of male, as synonym of aeneus]. latus (Navás, 1924:83) [Type locality: Costa Rica; MNHNP; male; as Macronema latum]. — Holzenthal 1988:53, 71 [as synonym of aeneus]. NEW SYNONYM sagittosa (Ross, 1951:72) [Type locality: Mexico, Lower California, Todos Santos; CAS; male; in Notiomyia]. — Flint 1967:17 [as synonym of aeneus]. NEW SYNONYM Although Banks described Heteroplectron nigripennis from a female type, a male apparently from the same series, collected in Puebla, Mexico, exists. Both these specimens are in good condition, and have very dark, uniformly colored wings. Tergum VIII of the female type is bare of setal tufts. Although the male terminalia of P. aeneus and P. nigripennis are very similar, coremata are not present in P. nigripennis. As in P. aeneus, the apical third of the P. nigripennis forewing folds obliquely toward the midline (as in Fig. 2). The head and thorax of these specimens is orange and the abdomen is black. In males of P. nigripennis abdominal tergites II and III have a distinctive papillate surface, which is absent in the other species. Based on these differences, I am resurrecting nigripennis from synonymy with aeneus. The holotypes of Macronema latum and Notiomyia sagittosa are males, the former from Costa Rica; the latter from Baja California. The wings of both are quite faded, but in size, body coloration, and abdominal morphology, they are consistent with the males of P. nigripennis. I have examined many additional specimens from Costa Rica and am confident that those populations are conspecific with P. nigripennis populations in central/eastern Mexico. However, the only specimens from Baja I have been able to examine are the type and paratypes of Notiomyia sagittosa, all of which are badly faded. Because color cannot be accurately assessed, and because of the seemingly disjunct distribution, I am less confident that these are conspecific with P. nigripennis. Nonetheless, in the specimens available to me, there are no characters other than distribution with which to discriminate a Baja species. The male illustrated is a specimen from the MCZ, with collection labels identical to those on the female type of P. nigripennis. Adult. Forewing length 8.2­ 10 mm, n = 66. Head orange. Maxillary palps dark brown or black. Antenna twice forewing length; black, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere, with longer setae proximally. Prothorax orange; dorsal pterothorax orange; ventrolateral thorax dark brown, or black. Legs dark brown, or black. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,3. Forewing apical third folded obliquely toward midline; dark brown, or black; without colored markings. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Terga II and III with papillate sculpturing of surface. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin with irregular mesal projection; dorsal surface covered with fine pilosity (Fig. 76B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae approximately 5 (Fig. 76A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 76C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 76A, B). Tergum X sagittate basally; basodorsal process broad and setose; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch triangular; with paired setose lateral processes (Fig. 76A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 76A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes digitate; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 76D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 77C). Tergum IX with very short mesal ridge (Fig. 77B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with deep sublateral invaginations (Fig. 77A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex triangular; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 77B). Sternum X without setae in membrane (Fig. 77A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections acute; posterior sclerite ovoid; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized sphere with posteroventral notch (Fig. 77A). Material examined. COSTA RICA: 1920, Serre — P. latus holotype male (MNHNP); Cartago: Paraiso, 1.xi.1965, Krauss — 2 males (NMNH); Río Aquiares, Turrialba, 20.vi.1967, Flint & Ortiz — 2 males (UMSP); Reserva Tapantí, Río Grande de Orosí, 09°41'10”N, 83°45'22"W, 1650 m, 23­25.vi.1967, Flint & Ortiz — 2 males (NMNH); Límon: Río General, Pacuare, 1.vii.1967, Flint & Ortiz — 2 males (NMNH); San José: Paso Ancho de San Sebastian, 25.x.1936, Ballou — 2 males (NMNH); Pedregoso, 640 m, 21.ii., Rounds — 1 male (MCZ); San José, Alfaro — 2 males (MCZ); GUATEMALA: Jutiapa: San Jerónimo, 1879­1881, Champion — 4 males (BMNH); HONDURAS: Minas de Oro, Comayagua, 2.vi., Edwards — 1 female (MCZ); Tegucigalpa, 28.vii.1918, Dyer — 1 male (MCZ); MEXICO: 3048 m, Sallé — 1 male (CNC); — 1 male (NRS); Deppe — 2 males, 1 female (ZMHU); 1871, Bilimek — 4 males (NMW); Baja California Sur: Todos Santos, 10.xi.1941, Ross & Bohart — P. sagittossa holotype male, 2 male paratypes (CAS); Chiapas: Teopisca, 9.vii.1966, Flint & Ortiz — 2 males (NMNH); Jalisco: Guadalajara, 22.vii.1903, Banks — 1 male (MCZ); Michoacán: Presa Couitzio, Morelia, 30.v.1963, Pacheco — 1 male, 2 females (UMSP); San Lorenzo, Rt. 15, km 206, 14­15.vii.1966, Flint & Ortiz — 2 males, 1 female (NMNH); Mórelos: Balnearia Las Estacas, 28.iv.1963, Pacheco — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Cuernavaca, 1871, Bilimek — 1 male (NMW); nr. Xochitepec, Rt. 95, km 91, 1.viii.1965, Flint — 1 male (CNC); — 1 male, 3 females (NMNH); Puebla: 1911, Gineste — 1 female (MNHNP); Santa Maria, Banks — 1 male, P. nigripennis holotype female (MCZ); Sonora: Nogales, Arroyo Canaveral, 15.vii.1955, Malkin — 1 male (CAS); Veracruz: Dos Rios, Rt. 140, km 347, 1.viii.1966, Flint & Ortiz — 2 males (CNC); — 2 males (NMNH); nr. El Encero, Rt. 140, km 347, 22.vii.1965, Flint & Ortiz — 5 males, 1 female (NMNH); — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); NICARAGUA: Matagalpa: Selva Negra, 2.v.1993, Novelo & Maes — 1 male (NMNH). Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 77-79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1900) New genera and species of Nearctic neuropteroid insects. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 26, 239 - 259.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37.","Navas, R. P. L. (1924) Insectos de la America Central. Broteria, Serie Zoologica, 21, 55 - 86.","Holzenthal, R. W. (1988) Catalogo Sistematico de los Tricopteros de Costa Rica (Insecta: Trichoptera). Brenesia, 29, 51 - 82.","Ross, H. H. (1951) The Trichoptera of Lower California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 27, 65 - 76."]}

Phylloicus bromeliarum Müller Figs. 32, 33 Phylloicus bromeliarum Müller, 1880a:131 [Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catharina [sic]; no type nor type depository designated; case]. — Ulmer 1906:56 [female]; 1913:398 [male, distribution]; 1955:418 [larva]. Lectotype: BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Blumenau, 26°56'0”S, 49°3'0"W, Müller, male (MCZ; UMSP000067618). A type series of one male and one female, labeled by Müller as Phylloicus bromeliarum, was deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. These specimens are from Blumenau, Santa Catarina. The male retains only a hind wing; the female retains all four wings, and a pattern is clearly visible. This pattern was described by Ulmer (1906): two narrow white, transverse crescents on a dark brown wing. The other five specimens are a series of two males and one female from São Paulo state ψall in an excellent state of preservationψ which, although the male genitalia are identical with the type male, all have uniformly dark brown wings; a female from Misiones, Argentina, badly rubbed, so that if it had a pattern, it is no longer visible; and a female specimen labeled “ Brazil,” on which the wing pattern described by Ulmer is clear. Given the dearth of material, I cannot assess whether the patterned and unpatterned forms are different species; as the genitalia are indistinguishable, I am treating them all as P. bromeliarum. The wing pattern of P. bromeliarum is similar to that of P. fenestratus; however, in the latter, the white bands are longer and a long patch of white is present in cell Cu 2, which is lacking in P. bromeliarum. The male of P. bromeliarum is very different from other species of Phylloicus, as the dorsum of tergum X is very high, nearly even with the dorsum of tergum IX for most of its length (Fig. 32A). In addition, the harpago is very long and large, and is distinctive of this species. Adult. Forewing length 7.4­8.9 mm, n = 7. Head black, except for small setal warts. Maxillary palps black. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown. Dorsal pterothorax black; ventrolateral thorax dark brown. Femora dark brown; tibiae dark brown; tarsi white, or ivory. Metathoracic leg of male and female with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,2. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band white, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; distal band white, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less. Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending full length of segment; posterior margin slightly concave, sublaterally produced into small acute processes; very short mesally (Fig. 32B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 10, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 32A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges joined posteriorly; sternum IX (Fig. 32C). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, widest near base, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 32A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, cleft; with short setae apicodorsally (Fig. 32A, B). Harpago large, rounded; peglike setae tiny, mesal (Fig. 32A, C). Phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 32D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 33C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 33B). Sternum IX anterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, posterior lobes smooth, without distinct area of thin cuticle or invagination (Fig. 33A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 33B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 33A). Vaginal apparatus anterior sclerite elongate; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular (Fig. 33A). Material examined. ARGENTINA: Misiones: 1.x.1910, Jørgensen — 1 female (ZSZMH); BRAZIL: Saunders — 1 female (BMNH); Santa Catarina: Blumenau, 26°56'00”S, 49°03'00"W, Müller — lectotype male, 1 female paralectotype (MCZ); São Paulo: Bertioga, 23°51'00”S, 46°09'00"W, 5 m, 7­9.x.1996, Becker — 2 males, 1 female (NMNH). Distribution. Argentina, Brazil., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Muller, F. (1880 a) [for 1878] Sobre as casas construidas pelas larvas de Insectos Trichopteros de provincia de Santa Catherina. Archivos do Museu nacional do Rio do Janeiro, III, 99 - 134, 210 - 215, 134 plates.","Ulmer, G. (1906) Neuer Beitrag zur Kenntnis aussereuropaeischer Trichopteren. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 28, 1 - 116."]}

Phylloicus yolandae, new species Figs. 104, 116 Phylloicus yolandae is one of the prettiest and most unusual species of Phylloicus. With its partially clear forewings and dramatic coloration (Fig. 116), this species resembles clearwinged moth species found in the region. The male genitalia are recognized by the cordate tergum X and the digitate preanal appendage. Adult. Forewing length 8.1 mm, n = 1. Head dark brown or black. Maxillary palps dark brown or black. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown or black; ventrolateral thorax dark brown. Legs dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown, or black; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, interrupted by clear patch (Fig. 116); distal band ivory, not reaching either wing margin, 1/2 width of wing or less; with single basal stripe, ivory; large clear patch in center of wing (Fig. 116). Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga without anteromesal notches. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin notched (Fig. 104B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 8, ventral pleural setae approximately 2 (Fig. 104A); sternum IX without mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 104C). Preanal appendage shorter than tergum X, but greater than 2/3 length, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 104A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process absent; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, notched, notch deep and round; setose basodorsally; broad basally, constricted at mid­length (Fig. 104A, B). Harpago sharply tapered; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 104A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes, apicolateral lobes large and rounded; phallotremal sclerites small, longest dimension 1/2 diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 104D, E). Female. Unknown. Holotype male: BRAZIL: Paraná: Municipio Corbélia, Rio Novo, headwaters, 24°53'53”S, 53°14'54"W, 700 m, 4­7.iv.1998, Holzenthal & Huisman (MZUSP). Distribution. Brazil. Etymology. I am very pleased to name this species for Jolanda Huisman, who collected it., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 98-99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235

Phylloicus iridescens Banks Figs. 59, 60, 111 Phylloicus iridescens Banks, 1941:397 [Type locality: Dominican Republic, Constanza to V. Nuevo; MCZ; male]. — Flint 1967:18 [lectotype male]. This species is most similar to P. cubanus, pulchrus, and superbus. In P. iridescens the orange bands of the forewing are narrower (Fig. 111) than in the other three species, and the male genitalia are distinguished by a tapering harpago. Adult. Forewing length 8.1­9.5 mm, n = 12. Head dark brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax dark brown; ventrolateral thorax chestnut brown. Femora golden; foretibiae dark brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi dark brown; mesotarsi white; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male without posterior fringe. Tibial spur formula 2,4,2. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band orange, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; distal band orange, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; basal cells without setae, membrane iridescent (Fig. 111). Hind wing basal brush absent. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna, sternum IX not elongate. Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending full length of segment; posterior margin continuous with basodorsal process of tergum X (Fig. 59B); lateral ridge present; dorsal pleural setae approximately 15, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 59A); sternum IX with paired mesolateral ridges; sternum IX (Fig. 59C). Preanal appendage less than 2/3 length of tergum X, narrowly elliptic, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 59A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, rounded, in dorsal view, notched, notch shallow (Fig. 59A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae few, apical (Fig. 59A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes, apicolateral lobes rounded and with digitate apical lobe; phallotremal sclerites very large, longest dimension twice diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite two­armed, in lateral view U­shaped (Fig. 59D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 60C). Tergum IX with mesal ridge extending 1/3 length of segment (Fig. 60B). Sternum IX anterior lobes smooth and indistinct, posterior lobes striate, without distinct area of thin cuticle or invagination (Fig. 60A). Tergum X appendage longer than mesal lobe, base distinct, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 60B). Sternum X without setae in membrane (Fig. 60A). Vaginal apparatus posterior sclerite elongate; anterior sclerite rounded anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized cone (Fig. 60A). Material examined. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: 20 km S Constanza, 3­7.vi.1969, Flint & Gomez — 3 males, 2 females (NMNH); Constanza to V. Nuevo, 3000 ­ 7000 f m, 1.viii.1938, Darlington — lectotype male, 1 male, 1 female paralectotypes (MCZ); Loma Rucilla & mts., 5000­8000 f m, 1.vi.1938, Darlington — 1 male paralectotype (MCZ); Valle Nuevo SE Constanza, 2134 m, 1.viii.1938, Darlington — 2 females (MCZ); Dajabon: 13 km S Loma de Cabrera, 400 m, 20­22.v.1973, D & M Davis — 3 males, 2 females (NMNH). Distribution. Dominican Republic., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 61-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235, {"references":["Banks, N. (1941) New neuropteroid insects from the Antilles. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 15, 385 - 402, plates 343 - 345.","Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, V: Types of the species described by Banks and Hagen. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 37."]}

Phylloicus holzenthali, new species Figs. 57, 58 Phylloicus holzenthali is distinguished by the wing pattern, large size, and morphology of the abdominal coremata (Fig. 57F). The forewing of P. holzenthali is distinctive in having a white or ivory spot on the proximal posterior margin, in the anal lobe. This spot bears no setae ψ the color comes from the membrane itself. It is large enough to be easily visible in pinned specimens. This is one of the largest species of Phylloicus; only P. llaviuco, mexicanus, maculatus, and magnus are larger or in the same size class. The type series are from Yacambú National Park in Lara state. I have examined a few specimens from Mérida and Barinas; these males have only tiny coremata or none at all, but otherwise are indistinguishable. As within each series there is variation, I am inclined to believe that these are hybrid specimens. Possibly the specimens with no coremata are the sister species to P. holzenthali, as appears to be the case with P. elegans and lituratus, and the intermediates are hybrids. However, I do not believe that I have been able to examine enough material to describe these as a distinct species. Further collections from these areas should resolve this question. Adult. Forewing length 14.1­15.6 mm, n = 35. Head chestnut brown, with dorsomesal crest of chestnut brown setae. Maxillary palps chestnut brown. Antenna twice forewing length; dark brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden brown. Legs golden brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band dark brown; distal band dark brown; white or ivory patch in anal lobe, not setiferous, but membrane thick and without dark pigment. Hind wing basal brush present in male. Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures present. Tergum IV with paired posterior processes, lateral coremata; posterior process truncate; lateral coremata with basal globose lobes and long tubular posterior lobe. Tergum V without sclerotized modifications (Fig. 57F). Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process broad, irregular (Fig. 57A, C). Tergum IX deeply notched anteriorly, margins of notch ridged; posterior margin smoothly rounded (Fig. 57B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 15, ventral pleural setae approximately 6 (Fig. 57A). Preanal appendage approximately length of tergum X, of uniform diameter throughout length, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 57A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process long and digitate; basolateral processes absent; apex, in lateral view, acute, in dorsal view, entire (Fig. 57A, B). Harpago slightly tapered; peglike setae many, mesoventral (Fig. 57A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired basolateral lobes, basolateral lobes multilobed; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 57D, E). Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII cleft posteromesally to anterior ridge; sternum VIII (Fig. 58C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 58B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with irregular, semimembranous pockets lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 58A). Tergum X appendage length equal to mesal lobe, base indistinct, apex oblique; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes absent (Fig. 58B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 58A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized sphere (Fig. 58A). Holotype male: VENEZUELA: Tachira: Quebrada La Honda, 10 km E La Grita, 08°08'49”N, 71°56'02"W, 2300 m, 23.iv.1995, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Gutic (UMSP). Paratypes: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Bogotá, 2600 m, 1.ix.1936, Bequaert — 1 male (MCZ); VENEZUELA: Barinas: Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada, Rio Sinigüis at Tres Quebradas, 08°31'26”N, 70°53'46"W, 1900 m, 35508, Holzenthal — 3 males (IZAM); Lara: Parque Nacional Yacambú, 13 km SE Sanare, 1560 m, 6­11.viii.1981, Heppner — 1 male (NMNH); 28­31.viii.1981, Heppner — 1 female, 1 male (NMNH); Mérida: Asentamient Monterrey, 2400 m, 15­16.ii.1983, Demarmels & Rodriguez — 1 male (IZAM); Río Albarregas, ca. 1 km NW Univ. de los Andes, 08°38'02”N, 71°09'29"W, 1980 m, 24.iv.1995, Holzenthal, Gutic, & Segnini — 1 male (UMSP); Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada, Mucuy Fish Hatchery, 7 km E Tabay, Queb. La Mucuy, 2012 m, 10­13.ii.1978, Heppner — 4 females, 2 males (NMNH); 18.i.1994, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Rincón — 2 males (UMSP); 26.iv.1995, Holzenthal, Gutic, & Segnini — 1 male (UMSP); Tachira: Queb. Mesa del Palmar, 5 km S El Cobre, 07°59'51”N, 72°03'48"W, 2370 m, 18­ 20.iv.1995, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Gutic — 2 females, 1 male (NMNH); Quebrada La Honda, 10 km E La Grita, 08°08'49”N, 71°56'02"W, 2300 m, 23.iv.1995, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Gutic — 2 females, 10 males (UMSP); Quebrada Los Mirtos, 8 km s El Colbre, 07°58'36”N, 72°04'31"W, 2400 m, 22.iv.1995, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Gutic — 1 female (IZAM); — 1 female (UMSP). Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela. Etymology. I am very pleased to name this species for its collector, Dr. Ralph Holzenthal, who, as my Ph.D. advisor, gave me the opportunity to study this fascinating group, and who has provided tremendous support and encouragement in the completion of this project., Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 59-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235