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• Mental health of women with fetal anomaly diagnoses is understudied. • Emotion regulation and inflammation may predict risk of poor mental health. • Reappraisal and IL-6 predicted resilience and depressive symptoms. • Reappraisal and insurance status predicted anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Fetal anomalies occur in approximately 3% of pregnancies and receiving the diagnosis may be a potentially traumatic experience for families. The mental health of mothers receiving diagnoses and what predicts resilience or poor mental health is understudied. Emotion regulation is an important, modifiable, transdiagnostic factor of mental health, and may be protective post-diagnosis. Evaluating biomarkers of stress, including IL-6 and Allostatic Load (AL), can also serve as early indicators of risk, indicative of early intervention. This study assessed whether reappraisal, suppression, IL-6, and AL was associated with mental health outcomes and resilience in women after receiving a fetal anomaly diagnosis. Pregnant women (N=108) presenting to a fetal concerns clinic for initial consultation completed measures of emotion regulation (i.e., reappraisal and suppression), depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and resilience between 2019–2022. A blood draw was used to assess IL-6 and create composite allostatic load measure including: IL-6, blood pressure, heart rate, glucose, cortisol, and body mass index. Linear regressions controlling for age, gestational age, and perceived fetal diagnosis severity, demonstrated that IL-6 was negatively associated with resilience and positively associated with depression. Reappraisal was positively associated to resilience and negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD, whereas state insurance status was positively associated to anxiety and PTS symptoms. Suppression and allostatic load were not significant. Women experiencing fetal anomaly diagnosis represent an understudied population with unaddressed mental health needs. Reappraisal serves as not only a protective factor, but one that can be enhanced to promote maternal resilience and mental health. Furthermore, elevated IL-6 may be a critical early indicator of potential intervention needs among women who are pregnant, to mitigate negative psychological states and enhance resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention has been widely used to reduce the burden of symptoms in cancer patients, and its effectiveness has been proven. However, the effectiveness of MBSR on depression, anxiety, fatigue, quality of life (QOL), posttraumatic growth (PTG), fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), pain, and sleep in breast cancer patients has not yet been determined. This study aims to determine the role of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy in patients with breast cancer. Objectives: The objective was to systematically review the literature to explore the effect of MBSR on anxiety, depression, QOL, PTG, fatigue, FCR, pain, stress and sleep in breast cancer patients. To explore the effect of 8-week versus 6-week MBSR on the 9 indicators. Data were extracted from the original RCT study at the end of the intervention and three months after baseline to explore whether the effects of the intervention were sustained. Methods: We conducted searches on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from inception to November 2023. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials of breast cancer patients who received mindfulness stress reduction intervention, reporting outcomes for anxiety, depression, fatigue, QOL, PTG, FCR, pain, stress, and sleep. Two researchers conducted separate reviews of the abstract and full text, extracted data, and independently evaluated the risk of bias using the Cochrane 'Bias Risk Assessment tool'. The meta-analysis utilized Review Manager 5.4 to conduct the study, and the effect size was determined using the standardized mean difference and its corresponding 95% confidence interval. Results: The final analysis included 15 studies with a total of 1937 patients. At the end of the intervention, the interventions with a duration of eight weeks led to a significant reduction in anxiety [SMD=-0.60, 95% CI (-0.78, -0.43), P < 0.00001, I2 = 31%], depression [SMD=-0.39, 95% CI (-0.59, -0.19), P = 0.0001, I2 = 55%], and QOL [542 participants, SMD = 0.54, 95% CI (0.30, 0.79), P < 0.0001, I2 = 49%], whereas no statistically significant effects were found in the intervention with a duration of six weeks. Similarly, in 3 months after baseline, the interventions with a duration of eight weeks led to a significant reduction in depression and QOL, however, no statistically significant effects were found at the 6-week intervention. MBSR led to a significant improvement in PTG at end of intervention [MD = 6.25, 95% CI (4.26, 8.25), P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%] and PTG 3 months after baseline. We found that MBSR reduced the fatigue status at end of intervention, but had no significant effect on fatigue status 3 months after baseline. There was no significant difference in improving pain, stress, and FCR compared to usual care. Conclusions: In terms of effects on QOL, anxiety, depression, and fatigue, the 8-week MBSR intervention showed better results than the 6-week MBSR intervention. The intervention of MBSR on PTG was effective, and the effect lasted until 3 months after baseline. Future studies could further identify the most effective intervention components in MBSR. Trial registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023483980. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Method Results Conclusions Trauma can have a range of effects on individuals over time, including the potential for positive changes in favorable outcomes commonly referred to as posttraumatic growth. The posttraumatic growth literature has been criticized for various methodological limitations and has largely neglected the exploration of factors that may strengthen or weaken posttraumatic growth trajectories. The present study contributes to this literature by investigating trajectories of five dimensions of posttraumatic growth during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the moderating effects of health and financial difficulties on these trajectories.Longitudinal data were collected monthly between July 2020 and December 2022 from a sample of employed adults in Germany, involving N = 1678 participants over 30 time points (Nobservations = 29,552).Results suggest that certain dimensions of posttraumatic growth showed significant increases (i.e., relationships) or decreases (i.e., spirituality and possibilities) over time and that trajectories of three dimensions (i.e., relationships, appreciation, and strength) demonstrated distinctive patterns of interaction with health and financial difficulties.Findings are discussed in the context of the pandemic as well as dynamic theories of personality and identity, with implications for advancing posttraumatic growth theory and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the transition patterns in latent classes of Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post‐traumatic growth among a sample of youth 4–13 months after an explosion accident in China. Latent profile analyses identified consistent three classes (Resilient, Growing, and High‐Symptom) at both waves. Latent transition analysis found most Resilient individuals remained stable while most Growing and High‐symptom individuals transferred. Logistic regression predicting transition pathways suggests younger individuals, males, and those who lack social support are prone to experience reduced post‐traumatic growth, whereas individuals with higher trauma exposure are prone to develop PTSD. Our study provides empirical evidence supporting qualitative transitions in PTSD and post‐traumatic growth levels from a person‐centred perspective. This adds to the current knowledge on the heterogeneity of post‐traumatic responses of human beings and offers valuable guidance for post‐traumatic interventions among youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mindfulness plays an important role in reducing post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and promoting posttraumatic growth (PTG) among traumatized populations. However, the mechanism at the emotional level has not been fully examined. Thus, we aimed to investigate the possible mediating roles of trauma‐related shame and guilt. A total of 814 college students (Mage = 19.55, SD = 1.89) with traumatic experiences in China were recruited. Traumatic experiences, mindfulness, trauma‐related shame, and trauma‐related guilt were assessed in the first survey. Six months later, PTSS and PTG were assessed in the second survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis indicated that mindfulness was associated with less PTSS through shame and guilt. However, though directly associated with more PTG, mindfulness could also negatively predict PTG by evoking less guilt. Mindfulness can be a way to cope with traumatic experiences and related psychological consequences. However, although mindfulness can reduce PTSS by suppressing negative trauma‐related shame and guilt, it can also limit the realization of PTG by inhibiting the adaptive sides of these emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to translate the Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (VPTGI) into Chinese and to assess its reliability and validity in Nurses, Additionally, it explored the correlations between vicarious posttraumatic growth (VPTG), Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) and demographic variables. Methods: The Brislin translation model was used to translate the VPTGI into Chinese. Validity analysis involved exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and assessments of convergent validity, discriminant validity, and content validity. Reliability analysis included split-half reliability, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability. Item analysis employed the Critical Ratio Decision Value (CR) method, item-total correlation method, and reliability change method. Single-factor analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between demographic variables and VPTG, while correlation analysis explored the association between STS and VPTG. Results: The Chinese version VPTGI demonstrated robust content validity (I-CVI: 0.83-1, S-CVI: 0.97), supported by EFA (KMO: 0.933) and significant Bartlett's test (p < 0.001). Four factors explained 67.82% variance, CFA confirmed the model fit (χ2/df = 2.255, RMSEA = 0.079, IFI = 0.931, TLI = 0.914, CFI = 0.930, NFI = 0.882). The Chinese version VPTGI demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.951), with dimensions' Cronbach's α ranging from 0.806 to 0.912. Overall, nurses demonstrated a moderate to low level of VPTG and a severe level of STS. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between STS and VPTG. Conclusion: The Chinese version of VPTGI demonstrated satisfactory reliability, validity, and factor structure, making it a reliable tool to assess VPTG in Chinese nurses. These findings underscore the importance of promoting VPTG and addressing STS among healthcare professionals. Further research in this area is warranted to better understand and support the psychological well-being of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been widely used for improving psychological symptoms and sleep quality in breast cancer patients and has a positive impact on posttraumatic growth and immunology. Moreover, MBSR is increasingly being used in cancer-related fatigue (CRF) intervention studies for breast cancer patients, but conflicting results also exist. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MBSR on CRF in patients with breast cancer. Methods: A comprehensive computer search of the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China Biomedical Document Service System, China Knowledge Infrastructure Engineering, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP databases was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before April 10, 2023, were identified. The primary outcome was cancer-related fatigue associated with breast cancer. Two researchers independently screened the studies, extracted the data, and evaluated the methodological quality of the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Meta-analysis of the outcome indicators was performed using STATA 16.0 software. Results: A total of 13 studies were included, including 1992 patients (997 patients in the MBSR group and 1015 patients in the control group). Compared with conventional care, MBSR significantly alleviated the symptoms of CRF in breast cancer patients (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI [-0.42, -0.22], z=6.54, p<.01). Under the supervision of experts, the 8-week MBSR had a great influence on CRF, especially in the Asian population. Conclusions: MBSR is effective in the treatment of CRF induced by breast cancer, and no obvious adverse effects occur; thus, MBSR can be recommended as a beneficial adjuvant therapy for treating CRF in breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The benefits of positive psychology interventions (PPIs) have become increasingly popular. While there is an emerging evidence base on the effectiveness of applying positive psychology in curriculum as preventive, early mental health intervention for higher education students, little is known about the content and pedagogy in these promising courses. Objective: This article describes (a) the rationale for and development of a positive psychology course embedded into the curriculum that aims to foster posttraumatic growth, psychological flexibility, and socio-emotional competencies for higher education students; and (b) a mixed-method non-randomised pre-post study to evaluate the effectiveness of the positive psychology course in achieving positive participant outcomes. Methods: Higher education students from different disciplines will be enrolled to a general education course, "Positive Psychology and Personal Growth", where they will learn progressive topics and complete summative assessments related to key areas in positive psychology. In addition to lectures, participants will engage in constructivist-based experiential activities that are guided by research on PPIs, life-design interventions and constructivist learning principles. The primary outcome is posttraumatic growth, and the secondary outcomes are psychological flexibility, and socio-emotional competencies. Expected results: We hypothesised that after the curriculum-embedded PPI, participants will have significantly higher levels of posttraumatic growth, psychological flexibility, and socio-emotional competencies. Results derived from the questionnaire survey will be supported by corroborating evidence identified from qualitative analysis of participants' summative assessments and follow-up semi-structured interviews on their perceptions of the present course. Discussion: The current study will fill in a gap in existing intervention research and practise in curriculum-embedded PPIs and promote research transparency and pedagogical advancement. The intervention provides guidance and recommendations for educators to consider embedding positive psychology into the formal curriculum as cost-effective, low-intensity, structured, and sustainable educational interventions for higher education students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia's aggression against Ukraine is undoubtedly a tragic event that will bring various, often difficult to predict, consequences at many levels of functioning. Certainly, the mental health of war victims faces many challenges. The mental health crisis that occurs during war is a public health problem.28 One of the main disorders that appear in people directly or indirectly related to war is PTSD. It arises as a result of experiencing extremely dangerous, terrifying events that go beyond one's ability to cope and is manifested by symptoms such as: obsessive, persistent re-experiencing of traumatic events, avoidance of factors causing a "return" to traumatic memories, excessive arousal and a sense of constant threats.8,10 Many factors influence the occurrence of PTSD. It is extremely important to look at the reasons that make it difficult to obtain support. mental health and improving the support system. Ukrainian children and youth deserve special attention here. A developing young society must face particularly great challenges, and it is their mental well-being that guarantees better development of the entire nation. Every effort must be made to ensure that citizens of a country at war receive adequate support. We have many methods of help, from basic emergency support, through a wide range of psychotherapy, to medications in the most severe cases. Additionally, the knowledge of the existence of a phenomenon such as post-traumatic growth may give hope and motivation to act to people in mental crisis struggling with symptoms of PTSD. However, the war continues and there will be more and more victims struggling with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health disorders. We cannot determine at this point how much damage this conflict will cause. However, it is worth acting now to prevent and limit the tragic consequences of the situation in which Ukraine finds itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the moderating roles of distress tolerance, meaning in life, and social support in the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among cancer patients. Participants included 301 cancer outpatients randomly selected from the oncology unit of a tertiary healthcare institution in Nigeria (female = 60.1%%; age range = 21 to 85 years, mean age = 52.30 years, SD = 12.64 years). They completed self-report measures on distress tolerance, meaning in life, social support, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and PTG. Following series of moderation analysis using Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS Model 1, results showed that higher PTSS was associated with lower PTG at low and moderate, but not at high levels of distress tolerance. Moreover, meaning in life and social support moderators the PTSS and PTG relationship for higher PTG. Therefore, intervention programmes to promote PTG among cancer patients should consider meaning in life, and social support for their protective potentials in improving positive posttraumatic outcome and recovery with distress tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionThe present study examined the existence of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its association with cognitive processing, resilience, and family functioning in family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Family caregivers (N = 114) were surveyed using measures of cognitive processing, resilience, family functioning, and PTG. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analyses.The average PTG score in the sample was 48.6 (SD = 18.7; range 14–105). Race, education level, severity of the patient’s AD, cognitive processing, resilience, and family functioning explained 25.8% of the variance in PTG (F [9, 95] = 5.025, p < 0.001). Race was significantly correlated with PTG; specifically, non-White caregivers reported higher PTG than White caregivers (p < 0.05). When controlling for race and education level, mild AD, intrusive rumination, and family satisfaction were significant predictors of PTG (p < 0.05). However, deliberate rumination, resilience, and family communication were not significant predictors PTG (p > 0.05).These findings provide insight into factors that may influence the development of PTG in family caregivers of patients with AD. Results may inform intervention strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of caregiving and promote PTG in this caregiver population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the mental health differences among servicemen, POWs, and civilians affected by the war in Ukraine. Data were collected from three samples: (1) 149 servicemen from an elite combat troop of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (all men aged 22–59 years); (2) 217 POWs (209 men and 8 women aged 19–64 years); and (3) 330 civilian men aged 19–60 years. Participants completed self-report scales assessing three positive aspects of mental health (resilience, self-efficacy, and post-traumatic growth) and two negative aspects (PTSD symptoms and physical complaints). We observed significant differences between the three samples. POWs had the highest post-traumatic growth scores and reported the most physical complaints, reflecting the long-term effects of captivity. Civilians exhibited the highest levels of PTSD symptoms, likely due to continuous exposure to war-related stressors, while servicemen displayed the lowest negative mental health indicators. Contrary to expectations, resilience levels were similar between POWs and servicemen. This study expands current knowledge on the impact of modern war on mental health and suggests that targeted interventions should address both the unique challenges faced by POWs and the pervasive psychological distress experienced by civilians. These findings may inform the development of training programs for military personnel, healthcare specialists, and social service professionals to support those affected by war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a possible common reaction to exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) during military service. However, knowledge about correlates of PTG among female combat veterans is sparse. This study examines associations between combat exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), general self‐efficacy (GSE), and PTG among Israeli female veterans. This is a cross‐sectional studyA volunteer sample of female Israeli combat veterans (n = 616) and non‐combat veterans (n = 484) responded to self‐report questionnaires. Combat veterans reported higher levels of combat exposure, PTSS, GSE, and PTG, as compared to non‐combat veterans. Among combat veterans, combat exposure and GSE were associated with greater PTG. Importantly, PTSS and GSE mediated the link between combat exposure and PTG. The study's findings are among the first to report about possible psychological growth outcomes among Israeli combat veterans. Clinicians treating female veterans coping with combat trauma should be aware of the heterogeneity of reactions to military service challenges and the importance of enhancing veterans' GSE to facilitate PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite theory suggesting that self‐forgiveness facilitates recovery from moral injury, no measure of self‐forgiveness has been validated with individuals exposed to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). Military veterans, healthcare workers, and first responders who reported PMIE exposure (n = 924) completed the Self‐Forgiveness Dual‐Process Scale, which assesses two dimensions of the self‐forgiveness process. The first dimension, value affirmation, refers to appraising personal responsibility and being willing to make amends for one's involvement in a PMIE. The second dimension, esteem restoration, refers to accepting oneself as valuable and capable of growth despite one's failures and imperfections. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses replicated the original scale's two‐factor structure in 10 items modified to apply to the diverse contexts in which PMIEs occur. Next, we found that the factor structure, item loadings, and item intercepts were fully or partially invariant across professions, genders, races, ages, and religious affiliations in a series of Multi‐Group Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Finally, diverging patterns of associations between value affirmation and esteem restoration with moral distress, posttraumatic stress, depression, insomnia, functional impairment, and posttraumatic growth provide evidence of convergent and discriminant validity between the subscales. The modified self‐forgiveness dual process scale is the first measure of self‐forgiveness to be validated with individuals exposed to a PMIE. Researchers and clinicians can use the scale to examine how self‐forgiveness (or difficulties with forgiving oneself) relates to moral injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigates the psychological impact of COVID‐19 on burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients. It focuses on comparing post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), post‐traumatic growth (PTG), and resilience between BMS patients and Controls. Methods: A total of 100 BMS patients and 100 Controls from five Italian centers participated in this observational cross‐sectional study. They completed several assessments, including the General Health Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, National Stressful Events Survey Short Scale, Impact of Event Scale‐Revised, Post Traumatic Growth Inventory Short Form, and Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale. Results: BMS patients had significantly higher stress, anxiety, and depression (DASS‐21 score) and post‐traumatic stress symptoms (IES‐R‐6 score), particularly in terms of intrusive thoughts. They showed lower post‐traumatic growth (PTGI‐SF score) compared to Controls. The resilience scale (CDRS‐10) was a key predictor of PTG in both groups, explaining a significant variance in PTGI‐SF scores. Conclusions: BMS patients experienced heightened post‐traumatic stress, stress, anxiety, and depression during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with reduced post‐traumatic growth. This highlights the need to prioritize their psychological well‐being, focusing on stress management and fostering post‐traumatic growth in challenging times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much research has adopted a deficits-based approach to chronic pain, neglecting the study of flourishing. Using a Q-methodological framework, this study sought to explore how individuals experience, understand and perceive flourishing in the context of young people living with chronic pain. Fifty-four individuals completed a Q-sorting task, indicating their level of agreement and disagreement with 52 statements. Q-analysis generated three factors that represented clear viewpoints of participants: 'Pain is not a barrier to flourishing', 'Adapting to a new life' and 'Adopting a positive perspective'. Factors expressed the viewpoints that flexibility is key to enjoying life despite chronic pain, while resilience, management of stressors, acceptance and problem-solving may be required to flourish with chronic pain. Participants' understanding of flourishing also focused on the appreciation and enjoyment of life and achievements. This study provides a useful contribution towards furthering our understanding of flourishing in young people living with chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored sense of life meaning and psychological resilience as potential mechanisms underlying the predictive effect of perceived social support on posttraumatic growth in medical students in the postpandemic era. Our sample comprised 711 Chinese medical students who completed online questionnaires. We found that sense of life meaning and psychological resilience were positively correlated with posttraumatic growth. In addition, perceived social support was positively correlated with sense of life meaning and psychological resilience. After controlling for demographic covariates, the results indicated that perceived social support predicted the posttraumatic growth of medical students directly and indirectly through sense of life meaning and psychological resilience as individual and chain mediators. The findings provide insights for medical universities to address the mental health challenges persisting among medical students in the postpandemic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explored the interplay between PTG and PTSS in older South African adults exposed to trauma. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. 195 participants from a low-resourced setting in South Africa were interviewed using the UCLA Life Adversities Screener, the PTSD Checklist (DSM-5), and the PTG-Inventory. Hayes Model SPSS Macro PROCESS for moderation was used. Overall, the relationship between cumulative trauma exposure and PTSS was moderated by the PTG level (b = -0.09, SE = 0.04, p =.0113). The findings suggest that cumulative trauma exposure is a significant predictor of PTSS, and the relationship is moderated by the threshold level of PTG. Higher levels of PTG mitigated the effect of cumulative trauma exposure on PTSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: This paper acknowledges the profound and lasting impact of childhood abuse on substance use and homelessness. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: It underscores the inherent value and humanity of every individual, regardless of their struggles.That a comprehensive approach to mental health care, encompassing medication, therapy and a secure environment, is imperative. What are the implications for mental health nursing?: Early intervention and recognising individuals who suffer in silence are paramount. Mental health nurses must have the courage to ask uncomfortable questions and truly hear the unspoken words.Mental health nurses should never underestimate the power of simply being present with someone during their darkest moments. This simple act can wield significant influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aimed to assess posttraumatic growth among participating and nonparticipating families of organ donors in grief support groups. The program, in the form of both face-to-face and WhatsApp groups, is unique in that it extends over many years without limitation for a predefined period, is open to both immediate and extended family members, and is conducted according to predetermined topics. A questionnaire was completed by 84 participants and 115 non-participant family members. Most participants had attended for between 1 and 5 years (57.2%), although 33.3% had participated for >5 years, including 16.7% who participated for >10 years. All measures of posttraumatic growth were significantly higher in group participants (3.40 [0.75] vs. 3.15 [0.75], p =.010) than non-participants. The often-prolonged participation in the groups suggests there may be an important need for ongoing contact with and support for these families even many years after the loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid peptide that is widely expressed throughout the limbic system. Recent evidence has highlighted NPY as a marker of resilience to posttraumatic psychopathology, which may be due to its association with neural regions involved with emotion regulation. This study examined whether plasma NPY levels moderated the relationship between emotion regulation and psychopathology in a sample of adult survivors of childhood interpersonal trauma, a population known to be at high risk for psychopathology. Adults exposed to an interpersonal criterion A trauma during childhood (N = 54) were recruited from an urban population at a midwestern medical center and completed a baseline study visit as part of a larger clinical trial. Participants gave a blood sample in order to assess circulating levels of NPY and answered questions related to emotion regulation and mood-related pathology. Results of a moderated multiple regression showed that the overall model was significant R 2 = 0.26, F (5, 48) = 3.46, p <.01. Difficulties in emotion regulation was significantly predictive of psychopathology (unstandardized B = 0.032, p <.01), and this relationship was significantly moderated by levels of NPY (unstandardized B = −0.001, p <.05) such that the relationship between emotion regulation and psychopathology was weaker for those with higher levels of NPY. Results suggest that higher levels of NPY may lessen the association between emotion regulation and posttraumatic psychopathology in survivors of childhood interpersonal trauma. Further investigation of the contribution of NPY to psychopathology in this population is warranted. 02279290. • We assessed adult survivors of childhood interpersonal trauma. • Blood samples and self-report questionnaires were collected. • Higher neuropeptide-Y (NPY) was associated with better emotion regulation. • Better emotion regulation was associated with reduced mood-related symptoms. • NPY moderated the relationship between emotion regulation and mood-related symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black women living with HIV (BWLWH) face barriers that impact health outcomes. However, positive psychosocial indicators may influence HIV care outcomes. Among this cross-sectional study of 119 BWLWH, a network analysis was utilized to examine relationships between positive psychosocial factors and HIV-related health outcomes. A preliminary polychoric analysis was conducted to examine correlations between the variables, and the network analyzed connections between resilience, self-efficacy, self-esteem, perceived social support, religious coping, post-traumatic growth, and an indicator variable for suboptimal HIV care outcomes (low medication adherence, detectable viral load, and missed HIV-related health visits) and determined the centrality measures within the network. Seven significant associations were found among the factors: self-efficacy and self-esteem, post-traumatic growth and resilience, post-traumatic growth and self-efficacy, post-traumatic growth and religious coping, perceived social support and resilience, self-esteem and resilience, self-esteem and perceived social support (bootstrapped 95% CI did not contain zero). Self-efficacy was the strongest indicator associated with the other factors. Although not statistically significant, the indicator for suboptimal HIV care outcomes was negatively associated with perceived social support and religious coping. Future interventions incorporating self-efficacy may be beneficial to the overall well-being of Black women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few studies have examined post‐traumatic growth (PTG) after burns, a relatively new area of research. To understand how to promote PTG in burn survivors, we need to know how PTG and coping are presented, how they change over time, and the components that influence development. Based on the criteria of the PRISMA statement, we conducted our initial search on 1 February 2023. This study systematically reviewed relevant studies in five PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and Science Direct search databases. The search used the following keywords: Post‐traumatic Growth, Psychological Growth, Post‐traumatic Growth, Psychological, PTG, Burns and Burn. The two researchers evaluated the quality of the included studies using a 20‐item tool called the appraisal tool for cross‐sectional studies (AXIS tool). A total of 1396 burn patients participated in 12 studies. Among the studies included in this systematic review, seven were cross‐sectional, and five were cohort. The average age of the patients in this study was 35.77 (SD = 10.19). Among the participants, 52.4% were men. The total body surface area (TBSA) percentage in these patients was 32.77 (SD = 16.42). The mean of PTG inventory (PTGI) was 54.08 (SD = 20.46) out of 105, which is a moderate level. Factors such as coping strategies, perceived social support, TBSA, religion/spirituality and severity of burn are positive factors for PTG in burn survivors. Also, factors such as depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder and physical and mental recovery are negative factors for PTG in burn survivors. These factors can be improved through targeted intervention strategies, including overall function, quality of life, social support, optimism, hope and new opportunities. There is a need for further research in several areas related to growth, intervention and measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Imago therapy on cognitive flexibility and post-traumatic growth in women affected by extramarital affairs. Methods: The research community included all women affected by extramarital affairs in the city of Isfahan (including the Nik Ovin Psychological Clinic and the Hazrat Abolfazl Charity Institute) in the spring of 2024. Accordingly, a group of women affected by extramarital affairs was randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (15 individuals) and a control group (15 individuals). The experimental group received Imago therapy sessions, while the control group received no treatment. The data were analyzed using repeated measures tests with SPSS software version 23. Findings: The findings indicated that Imago therapy was effective in enhancing psychological flexibility and its subscales, as well as post-traumatic growth and its subscales, in women affected by extramarital affairs (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The obtained results showed that Imago therapy could be utilized as an effective approach for improving women affected by extramarital affairs, playing a significant role in enhancing their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aligned with research recommendations (e.g., Wadey & Everard, 2021), the purpose of this multi-method multi-study investigation was to construct a measure of athletes' experiences of growth following sport injury. Study 1 systematically reviewed the literature on sport injury-related growth (SIRG) and extracted a pool of relevant and specific items organised in themes. In Study 2, a panel of experts (i.e., academics, sport psychologists, and previously injured athletes) was asked to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the items for relevance, clarity, and specificity. These two studies provided evidence for the content validity of the pool of items. Study 3 tested the psychometric properties of the instrument on a sample of previously injured athletes (N = 452), identifying satisfactory factor structure, concurrent validity, and reliability. Collectively, the multi-study supports the construct validity of a 24-item scale, named the Sport Injury-Related Growth Inventory-24 (SIRGI-24), measuring eight sub-dimensions of SIRG: sense of mastery, positive relations with others, responsibility for one's health, self-awareness, emotional ability, purpose in life, purpose in sport, and body awareness. To conclude, the SIRGI-24 allows researchers and sport psychologists to assess the SIRG experienced by injured athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have suggested that psychiatrists undergo posttraumatic growth after experiencing patient suicide. However, research remains scant on the posttraumatic growth of psychiatrists who have experienced patient suicide. Thus, this study examined the factors associated with the posttraumatic growth of psychiatrists who have experienced patient suicide. The sample comprised 39 psychiatrists, and data were collected through an online self-report survey. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Study results demonstrate that being older, having more clinical experience, having more experience with patient suicide, and receiving supportive supervision were associated with higher levels of posttraumatic growth among psychiatrists who have experienced patient suicide. However, higher levels of posttraumatic stress were associated with lower levels of posttraumatic growth. In conclusion, there is a need to increase support for psychiatrists who have experienced patient suicide to help them overcome occupational trauma and enhance posttraumatic growth. This study suggests several policy and practical implications for enhancing the posttraumatic growth of psychiatrists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing interest in identifying how posttraumatic growth (PTG) impacts emotional processing following traumatic events (e.g., the COVID‐19 pandemic). Previous research suggests that high PTG levels may lead to enduring changes in positive emotional processing. Despite this fact, little is known regarding brain activation and responses to stressful emotional stimuli. The present study utilised event‐related potentials (ERPs) to investigate whether individual differences in emotional responses toward neutral and negative emotional stimuli related to COVID‐19 are related to self‐reported PTG levels. A total of 77 participants were analysed: 21 in the high PTG group and 56 in the control group. The amplitude of the N2 was smaller in the high PTG group compared to the control group under both negative and neutral conditions. When viewing the negative emotion pictures (vs. neutral pictures), the N2 amplitude significantly decreased for the high PTG group in the right occipital and frontal‐parietal areas, whereas no significant change was observed among the control group. In the time window Late Positive Potential (LPP) 600–1000 ms, emotional stimuli and the group interaction were significant. Viewing negative pictures (vs. neutral pictures) decreased the LPP 600–1000 ms amplitudes for the control group, mainly originating from the brain's frontal regions. However, there were no such significant differences for the PTG group. Due to the limited sample size and cultural differences, the applicability of these results to other regions or countries needs to be verified. The presented findings suggest that the impact of PTG during emotional response is reflected in both bottom‐up (evidenced by the early ERP components) and top‐down (evidenced by the later ERP components) processes. Individuals with high PTG may use a meditation‐related emotional regulation strategy of acceptance at the basic stage and non‐judgement at a later stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the legacy of deficit‐focused research and application of theoretical models in research on minoritized groups that are underrepresented in the literature, we explored the strengths‐based literature among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) people of color to develop a more inclusive and relevant understanding of how posttraumatic growth (PTG) occurs in this population. Our intersectional PTG model is tailored to the experiences of LGBTQ+ people of color that builds upon previous models of PTG, intersectionality theory, and empirical findings of trauma and PTG among LGBTQ+ people of color. Our intersectional PTG model incorporates the unique intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, and cultural factors that are unique to this population and contribute to PTG. We challenge the limited scope of Criterion A traumatic events and emphasize empirical findings that support that LGBTQ+ people of color often experience posttraumatic stress after oppression and discrimination. Our model also recognizes the impact of intersecting risk factors, such as gendered racism, that may occur on various levels. Our model acknowledges that LGBTQ+ people of color have often demonstrated PTG in the face of adversity. Intrapersonal factors such as cognitive flexibility, interpersonal factors such as social support, and institutional and cultural factors such as identity‐related activism are identified as key contributors to resilience. We discuss practice implications, highlighting that clinicians should recognize limitations of traditional trauma frameworks and adopt culturally sensitive approaches when working with LGBTQ+ people of color. Overall, our model provides a foundation for strengths‐based interventions and research, emphasizing resiliency and potential for PTG in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although trauma centrality was positively associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG), few studies have examined the factors that may influence the strength of these associations. This study aimed to investigate whether self-concealment would moderate the effects of trauma centrality on PTSD and PTG. A total of 211 Chinese college students (77.3% female; age: M = 19.86, SD = 1.85) participated in this cross-sectional study. These participants completed a battery of measures for trauma centrality, self-concealment, PTSD, and PTG. Trauma centrality was positively associated with both PTSD and PTG. The moderating role of self-concealment in the effect of trauma centrality on PTSD and PTG was statistically significant. Specifically, self-concealment was found to strengthen the relation between trauma centrality and PTSD, while mitigating the relation between trauma centrality and PTG. The extent to which trauma centrality contributes to PTSD and PTG might be determined by self-concealment among Chinese college students. The implications of these findings were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between post-traumatic growth, morbidity stigma and readiness for discharge in post-operative thyroid cancer patients. Methods: 422 post-operative thyroid cancer patients from three tertiary care hospitals in Hunan and Tianjin were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, the Post-traumatic Growth Scale, the Readiness for Discharge Scale, and the Social Influence Scale. Results: Discharge readiness positively predicted the level of post-traumatic growth in thyroid cancer patients (P < 0.01), and morbidity stigma negatively predicted post-traumatic growth (P < 0.01), with morbidity stigma playing a mediated role between discharge readiness and post-traumatic growth. Conclusions: Readiness for discharge can positively predict post-traumatic growth, and morbidity stigma plays a mediating role between readiness for discharge and post-traumatic growth. It is suggested that clinical and nursing staff should strengthen patients’ discharge readiness guidance and education, help patients and their families establish an effective feedback mechanism for disease condition and psychological cognitive condition, focus on reducing patients’ sense of shame, and improve patients’ physical and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: This study explores the characteristics of different perception types in middle-aged female breast cancer patients and proposes psychological counselling interventions tailored to each type. Methods: The study used the Q methodology, starting with the construction of 40 Q samples and 39 P samples. Results: We categorised middle-aged female patients' subjective perceptions of battling breast cancer into five types along a spectrum: Type 1, 'Embracing a New Life'; Type 2, 'Finally Focusing on Myself'; Type 3, 'Struggling Amidst Confusion'; Type 4, 'Withdrawing in Despair'; and Type 5, 'Pushed to the Edge of Fear'. Conclusions: This study revealed that the subjective experiences of middle-aged female breast cancer patients range on a spectrum from post-traumatic growth to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on these findings, this study discusses the characteristics and significance of each subjectivity type and suggests implications and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people represent a small percent of the population and yet, they experience sexual violence (SV) at disproportionately high rates compared to their cisgender counterparts. Little is known about how SV relates to TGD people’s gender identity and their ability to engage in posttraumatic growth (PTG). The purpose of the present study is to gain a nuanced understanding of the role that SV plays in the lives of TGD people. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight TGD participants, and an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) revealed two superordinate (i.e. negative impacts of SV on self and factors that facilitated recovery from SV) and twelve subordinate (i.e. systemic oppression, mental health outcomes, gender dysphoria and transitioning, difficulties with disclosure, lack of resources, physical intimacy, advocacy, connection and support, strengths, posttraumatic growth, affirming resources, and hope) themes. Implications for practice include the use of gender-affirming interventions; understanding the potential interplay between gender dysphoria, oppression, and trauma; and exploration of strengths and avenues for growth. Directions for future research include the use of diverse samples and a mixed-method approach to studying this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sudden, unexpected loss can be particularly devastating for the bereaved as they struggle to make sense of their loss. We interviewed 11 therapists who specialized in loss/trauma about how each of them helped one client make meaning after a traumatic loss. Data, analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR), revealed that the traumatic loss had negatively impacted clients’ relationships, mental health, and beliefs/religion/spirituality; therapists utilized a range of interventions to facilitate meaning-making, including supporting clients through the grief process, as well as helping them experience/regulate emotion and change their narratives around the loss; clients made meaning in diverse ways that could be broadly categorized under meaning-as-comprehensibility and meaning-as-significance; and clients experienced positive adjustment (in mental health, relationships, etc.) through the meaning-making work. Implications for counseling psychology research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodResultsConclusionSome researchers have posited that self-reports of PTG are often illusory, designed to help trauma survivors maintain positive views of the self. We examined whether participants might select an alternative, attractive option to reporting PTG that could similarly help maintain positive views of the self – reporting that the respondent experienced positive growth despite exposure to an adverse event, which we call Positive Change-Despite (PC-Despite).In two separate studies, after asking respondents about positive change they experienced following exposure to an adverse event, we then asked about the extent to which they experienced positive change because of the adverse event (PC-Because) or despite the adverse event (PC-Despite).We found that participants rated 40% (Study 1 – undergraduate sample) and 31% (Study 2 – first responder sample) of their positive change as PC-Despite. Further, in both studies PC-Despite scores were positively related to measures of distress and both adaptive and maladaptive coping, suggesting a link with an illusory form of PTG. In contrast, PC-Because was only related to adaptive coping.Participants chose an attractive alternative response to reporting PTG at substantial rates, supporting the notion that many self-reports of PTG reflect motivated biases and coping processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prematurity presents a significant life crisis for families, often exceeding their expectations. Fathers of premature infants face the burden of multiple caregiving roles and undergo psychological changes. When confronted with such crises, individuals often engage in self-evaluation and may experience positive transformations. This study aims to employ a qualitative research methodology to explore the experiences of fathers of preterm infants. Materials and Methods: A phenomenological approach design will be utilized, drawing upon semi-structured in-depth interviews informed by existing literature. Thematic analysis will be employed, adhering to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines. In-depth individual interviews, lasting 40-60 minutes, will be conducted with fathers of preterm infants to understand their experiences. The thematic analysis process will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to posttraumatic growth among these fathers. This methodology provides a structured approach to investigating the experiences and influences on post-traumatic growth in fathers of preterm infants. Results: This study will highlight changes in post-traumatic growth among fathers of preterm infants. Discussion: Research on the post-traumatic growth (PTG) of fathers of preterm infants is crucial to understanding the unique challenges and psychological transformations they experience. This study aims to explore the factors contributing to PTG in these fathers and how cultural contexts in China influence this process. By elucidating these aspects, the findings can inform targeted interventions and support systems tailored to the needs of fathers of preterm infants. The results may also contribute to developing guidelines and policies to promote psychological well-being and resilience among this population in the healthcare system. Ethics and dissemination: This study adheres to the International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research and the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval has been obtained from the People's Hospital of Deyang Human Research Ethics Committee (No: 2019-04-150-K01). The research follows the principles of open science, and the findings will be published while ensuring participants' confidentiality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSibling bereavement due to military casualties can produce psychological distress but can also elicit personal growth. This research explored the association between psychological distress and post-traumatic growth (PTG) among military-bereaved siblings via a moderated mediation model. Israeli military-bereaved siblings were recruited through a nonprofit organization devoted to bereaved siblings of military casualties. Participants (N = 155) completed questionnaires of posttraumatic growth, distress, commemoration, social support. Results supported the moderated mediation study model. Specifically, higher psychological distress was associated with lower social support, which was subsequently associated with lower self-disclosure, for the entire sample. This association was strongest for bereaved siblings with high relief-related commemoration, which was then associated with lower PTG. Pursuant to our findings, mental health professionals need to guide bereaved siblings toward involvement in commemoration activities that bring them relief, thus further enabling social support that facilitates personal disclosure and, subsequently, PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk of developing posttraumatic stress symptoms following exposure to traumatic events is well documented, however, emerging research also lends support to the potential development of growth in some people. Rumination and memory have been identified as important factors in post-trauma outcomes, yet, current research in this area is limited, particularly in the context of a multidimensional view of rumination (i.e., intrusive and deliberate rumination) and metamemory beliefs. This study explored the association between rumination styles, beliefs about memory, and posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth. Participants (N = 151) who experienced a traumatic event completed relevant measures online. Path analysis showed that intrusive rumination was significantly related to higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (β = 0.19, p < 0.01), while deliberate rumination was related to higher levels of both posttraumatic growth (β =.52, p < 0.001) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (β = 0.15, p < 0.05). Additionally, negative beliefs about memory were significantly related to higher posttraumatic stress symptoms (β = 0.48, p < 0.001). No significant associations were found for positive beliefs about memory. The findings suggest that rumination may be understood as multidimensional, incorporating both adaptive and maladaptive processes. Further, the present study contributes to the limited literature concerning metamemory beliefs and may provide an increased understanding of factors contributing to stress or growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a deadly disease that affects millions of people worldwide and is a source of great difficulty, stress, and trauma not only for patients but also for their caregivers. The physical and emotional suffering that patients experience by patients can lead their caregivers to cope with constant anxiety, sadness, and uncertainty. Moreover, during the cancer treatment process, caregivers must make a great effort to meet the needs of patients and support them. This situation may negatively affect the quality of life and psychological health of cancer patients' caregivers and may lead them to experience trauma. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine posttraumatic growth's relationship with age, the transformative power of suffering, and hope in family caregivers of cancer patients. Participants consisted of 314 Turkish family caregivers of cancer patients (73.2% women; Mage = 39.89 years) selected by using convenience sampling method. Participants answered a data collection tool consisting of a demographic information form, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Trait Hope Scale, and Transformative Power of Suffering Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis, simple mediation analysis, and moderated mediation analysis. The results of this study revealed that hope mediated the association between the transformative power of suffering and posttraumatic growth in family caregivers of cancer patients, whereas age moderated this relationship. Psychosocial support programs for cancer caregivers could benefit from incorporating interventions that explore the transformative potential of suffering and cultivate hope. Tailoring these interventions to address the specific needs of different age groups may enhance their effectiveness. Future researchers should investigate the factors associated with posttraumatic growth in caregivers across diverse cultures, age ranges, and cancer diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social support can promote posttraumatic growth (PTG) in the general trauma population. However, evidence on the reciprocal predictive relationship between social support and PTG is lacking, particularly among the bereaved. In this longitudinal study, we surveyed 181 adults who had lost first‐degree relatives within 1 year at three intervals, each 6 months apart. The study utilized The Scale of Social Support in Bereavement (SSB), which distinguishes four domains of social support for the bereaved: living support, economic support, grief processing and emotion restoration. Additionally, The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) was used to measure PTG. Random intercepts cross‐lagged panel model analyses revealed that social support and PTG were positively correlated at each time point at the within‐person level. Moreover, at the within‐person level, the total social support, as well as social support in the restoration‐oriented domains at Time 2, positively predicted PTG at Time 3, but this relationship was not observed for grief processing support. Additionally, PTG at Time 1 positively predicted the receipt of emotion restoration support at Time 2 at the within‐person level. The mutual influence between PTG and social support, as well as the differential relationship between types of support and PTG, enriches our understanding of ways to promote positive changes among the bereaved. The findings underscore the importance of restoration‐oriented social support for bereaved individuals in facilitating PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Divorce is not just a single event, but is a long process in which all family members, including children, suffer from a loss and failure, which can lead to intergenerational transmission of instability in the marital life. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyze the lived experiences of teenagers with their parents' divorce experience in Yazd City. Materials and Methods: The present study was a phenomenological study of lived experiences of twelve teenage participants of Yazd City in 2023 who experienced parental divorce. Data have been extracted and collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's method. Results: The findings of this research showed that Iranian teenagers experience problems in different fields after their parents' divorce that can be classified in seven categories including cognitive, developmental/evolutionary, behavioral/coping, psychological/emotional, family, social and contextual challenges. According to the findings, the continuation of post-traumatic growth in adolescents with parental divorce requires the formulation of multilateral interventions centered on the identified themes. Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that divorce has many negative consequences such as cognitive, developmental/evolutionary, behavioral/confrontational, psychological/emotional, family, social, and contextual challenges for family. Teenagers may suffer more emotional and psychological trauma due to being in critical situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) greatly impacts the social, emotional, and physical well-being of the patient and their family. The transplant process imposes significant lifestyle restrictions that result in patient and family isolation, which has been further amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic era. While hospital systems recognize the importance of family engagement, the pandemic underscored the need to translate this philosophy more fully into practice. Method: We discuss the importance of engaging the family throughout the transplant experience to improve patient outcomes and overall family health and well-being. Results: We present the HCT family resilience model, a synthesis of multiple family and nursing theories and HCT concepts to better guide HCT family care. The theories and frameworks that inform our model address family functioning and growth in times of stress, coping strategies that promote positive family outcomes and resilience, and multicultural factors that may affect family experiences. A key contribution of our model is highlighting the role of family engagement in improving HCT family outcomes. Discussion: Application of a family systems lens highlights the essential role families play in the care of HCT patients and can foster family well-being. We offer the HCT family resilience conceptual model as a guide for practice and policy improvements to optimize care delivery for this patient and family population, as well as direction for future research. Public Significance Statement: Our proposed model highlights the importance of family engagement in improving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation family outcomes and serves as a guide for practice and policy improvements as well as direction for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive changes in terms of personal growth have been observed in individuals dealing with traumatic or difficult situations, as well as with positive situations. In the present research, we asked whether positive and negative autobiographical memories would be linked to specific character strengths. One hundred and ninety-four participants generated memories regarding their most valuable and enriching experience. Autobiographical memories and character strengths were identified and classified by two independent coders. Results revealed that the majority of the events related to academic transitions, followed by illnesses, and death of beloved ones. Results also suggested that both positive and stressful experiences were linked to character strengths, with the character strengths of perspective, bravery, gratitude, and spirituality connected to 45% of the events. Thus, the present research adds to the literature on autobiographical memories and personality variables by exploring the link between personally significant events and character strengths in young adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Understanding both the positive and negative psychological outcomes among cancer patients during the pandemic is critical for planning post-pandemic cancer care. This study (1) examined levels of psychological distress and post-traumatic growth (PTG) among Canadian cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) explored variables that were associated with psychological distress and PTG during the pandemic using a biopsychosocial framework. Method: A cross-section survey was undertaken of patients receiving ongoing care at a regional cancer centre in Ontario, Canada, between February and December 2021. Self-reported questionnaires assessing sociodemographic information, social difficulties, psychological distress (depression, anxiety fear of recurrence, and emotional distress), PTG, illness perceptions, and behavioural responses to the pandemic were administered. Disease-related information was extracted from patient health records. Results: Prevalences of moderate to severe levels of depression, anxiety, fear of recurrence and emotional distress were reported by 26.0%, 21.2%, 44.2%, and 50.0% of the sample (N = 104), respectively. Approximately 43% of the sample reported experiencing high PTG, and these positive experiences were not associated with levels of distress. Social factors, including social difficulties, being female, lower education, and unemployment status were prominent associative factors of patient distress. Perceptions of the pandemic as threatening, adopting more health safety behaviours, and not being on active treatment also increased patient likelihood to experience severe psychological distress. Younger age and adopting more health safety behaviours increased the likelihood of experiencing high PTG. The discriminatory power of the predictive models was strong, with a C-statistic > 0.80. Conclusions: Examining both the positive and negative psychological patient outcomes during the pandemic has highlighted the complex range of coping responses. Interventions that adopt a multi-pronged approach to screen and address social distress, as well as to leverage health safety behaviours, may improve the adjustments in the pandemic aftermath. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that the Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) literature does not support the claim, made most notably by Eleonore Stump, that suffering tends to promote psychic integration that allows for interpersonal closeness with God (or others). Two strains of argument support this conclusion. First, there are problems internal to PTG research, identified by psychologists and bioethicists in the field, that call the strength and reliability of the findings into question. Second, even if successful in what it purports to do, the PTG literature does not support the conclusions that Stump draws from it. Finally, given that we live in a culture that both prizes and moralizes positivity, often at the expense of sufferers, applying this research in prescriptive and normative ways inappropriately circumscribes the post-traumatic journeys of trauma survivors. Before turning to these arguments, I begin by briefly describing the long-term suffering that trauma can inflict in the forms of post-traumatic stress disorder and other physical and mental health effects. This section illustrates the challenge that trauma poses for the projects of theodicy and defence and provides the backdrop against which the PTG literature must be read. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study aimed to determine whether religious coping mediates the relationship between parenting sense of competence (PSOC) and post‐traumatic growth (PTG). Method: Cross‐sectional research design was used. A sample of 74 mothers (age range; 20–45 years) of CP children (age range; 2–9 years) was collected through purposive sampling from different physiotherapy centres and special education schools of Lahore. PSOC scale, brief RCOPE and PTG inventory were used. Results: Positive religious coping partially mediated (β = 0.190, 95% CI [0.026, 0.374], p < 0.05) between PSOC and PTG. Partial mediation exists between PSOC and appreciation of life through pathway of positive religious coping (β = 0.040, 95% CI [0.007, 0.075], p < 05). Full mediation exists between PSOC and personal strength through pathway of positive religious coping (β = 0.041, 95% CI [0.001, 0.081], p < 0.05) and through negative religious coping (β = 0.034, 95% CI [0.002, 0.066], p < 0.05). Positive religious coping fully mediated (β = 0.029, 95% CI [0.007, 0.058], p < 0.05) between PSOC and spiritual change. Moreover, indirect effect of PSOC on relating to others and new possibilities through positive and negative religious coping was non‐significant, indicating no mediation. Conclusion: Positive religious coping affected the association between PSOC and PTG, that is, mothers of CP children having high parenting competence are more likely to use positive religious coping strategies that results in more PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) refers to potential positive outcomes following exposure to trauma and may have been experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study investigated the mediating role of emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal) and self-compassion in the relationship between spirituality and PTG. The sample comprised 700 patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized during their illness at Hazrat-Rasoul Hospital in Tehran, Iran (395 males, mean age = 52 years, SD = 14, age range = 14–95 years). Data were collected using a questionnaire packet that included the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Structural equation modelling analysis supported the proposed model which indicated that spirituality both directly and indirectly associated with PTG through emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal) and self-compassion. To test the indirect effects, bootstrap analysis was conducted with a 95% confidence interval and 5000 sample replacements. The results showed that spirituality influenced PTG through emotion regulation and self-compassion. The findings suggest that attention to these factors is crucial in facilitating the path to PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]