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This article discusses a study that used Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) to examine the osseointegration of orthodontic mini-implants. The results indicate the presence of newly formed bone on the mini-implants' surfaces, highlighting the importance of osseointegration for successful orthodontic treatment. Another article explores the use of EDS and SEM analysis to study the osseointegration of mini-implants, comparing the elemental composition of unused and used mini-implants with alveolar bone. The study finds evidence of osseointegration and suggests that untreated mini-implants can achieve stability for orthodontic treatment without causing bone damage. Additionally, a document provides a list of references on various aspects of mini-implants, including migration, complications, bone quality, survival rates, and stability. The references also cover factors that can affect mini-implant success, such as bone morphology, surface treatment, size, site, and placement angle, as well as biomaterials, nanotechnology, and wound healing. [Extracted from the article]

Background and Objectives: Dental caries is a preventable, reversible disease in its early stages. This study evaluated the intra-rater agreement of International Caries Assessment and Detection System (ICDAS) scores with Medit i500® and Omnicam® scanners versus traditional clinical examinations and the inter-rater agreement using the Omnicam® among senior dentists and dental students and between these two groups. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 patients aged between 21 and 34 years, randomly selected from dental students and interns, underwent four examinations (three intraoral scans and one clinical examination), and the corresponding ICDAS scores were recorded by a randomly selected rater out of the 31 available examiners. The examination team consisted of dental students, dentists with less than 3 years, and dentists with more than 5 years of clinical experience. The following inter- and intra-rater agreement tests for the ordinal data were chosen: Fleiss' kappa coefficient, Cohen's weighted kappa, and inter-class correlations. Results: For all examination techniques, there was statistically significant agreement for the experienced raters (p < 0.05). The highest positive interclass correlation was obtained for inter-rater agreement tests of 288 observations recorded by senior dentists: ICC = 0.969 (95% CI 0.949–0.981). Conclusions: Intra-rater reliability was excellent for Omnicam compared to clinical exams conducted by senior dentists but moderate for Medit i500. Although inter-rater agreement using Omnicam was poor between students and between senior dentists and students, it was excellent among senior dentists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a systematic review of the future of endodontics, focusing on advancements in root canal files and other techniques and materials used in endodontic treatment. The authors conducted a literature search and identified promising areas such as nanoparticle, laser, regenerative treatment, guided endodontics, and artificial intelligence. The article also discusses the importance of preventing inferior quality copies of instruments and promoting actual innovation. It concludes by mentioning other developments in endodontics, including the use of lasers, regenerative endodontics, and 3D-printed teeth for dental education. [Extracted from the article]

A medical survey was conducted on a group of 209 patients investigated in 2020. Laboratory determinations and analyses have been performed in the New Central Med Lab (Bacău). In this study, the purpose was to monitor the distribution of investigated patients by normal values of WBCs versus the subjects with WBCs alterations, either leukopenia, or leukocytosis, detect certain types of leukemia, the distribution of subjects by gender, age, urban/rural environment. Thereby, tests for a quantitative and qualitative assessment of hematological parameters were performed: complete blood count, cytological blood smear analysis, hemoleucogram. The blood smear cytologic examination is a valuable observation, that is prior in the diagnosis of hematological disorders. The blood smears were fixed and stained May Grünwald - Giemsa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe the grains chemical composition of some winter barley genotypes performed in two experiments at NARDI Fundulea and ARDS Turda during two years (in four environmental conditions). The obtained results (i.e., ADF, NDF, ash, hemicellulose, protein, and starch content) were used to assess the nutritional profile and value of each genotype using specific formulas and correlations of the studied quality indices. These indices have been assessed separately among six-row and two-row winter barley grown and harvested during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 years. The nutritional profile of the analysed samples has varied due to genotype and environment and has been clearly influenced by their interactions. These outcomes are important to highlight the differences between genotypes and elaborate on several recommendations regarding their uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental results were processed according to the polyfactorial experiences of type A x B x C where: A- was represented by the factor of locations with two graduations (Turda and Fundulea), B was the factor of year with three graduations (2016, 2017 and 2018) and C- factor genotypes with 25 graduations. Lines To 2027/10, To 2208/02 and the reselection of the Jubileu variety, are particularly noticeable in terms of average yield with relative increases compared to the control of 10, 9 and 5% respectively. The variation of the absolute productions was between 3683 kg/ha and 4862 kg/ha in Turda conditions and between 3265 kg/ha and 4143 kg/ha in Fundulea conditions. Following the use of the method proposed by Francis and Kannenberg (1978), the lines To 2027/10, To 2208/20, To 2167/01, To 2054/97, To 2095/01 and To 2013/99) which have a coefficient of variation below the average value and high output above average have proved to be production stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the essential cereal crops for humankind, the harvested area with barley ranks the 3rd place regarding grains cereals, after wheat and rice. The yield potential of barley, trait with complex genetic determinism, represents the maximum level of biomass which a genotype can realize under optimal conditions of growth and development as well as in an environment free of diseases, pests and weeds. The inheritance of quantitative traits involves a large number of genes which act additively in determining the character. To increase the yield potential of barley varieties, the present paper studied three traits which are involved in yield: spike length, grain weight/spike and grain number/spike that on 22 cultivars of barley, in ecological condition of ARDS Turda. Significance of the sample F for the genetic factor and interaction between the year and the genotype, for all three studied traits, reflects the fact that between those the 22 distinct genotypes there are very significant differences, which can be used in breeding programmes. As genitors for breeding programmes we can use cultivars Daciana, Romaniţa and To 2170/01 for spike lenght, cultivars Turdeana, Aura, Daciana and Xanadou for grain weight/spike and cultivars Turdeana and Adina for grain number/spike. The correlations between the three studied traits, which influence the barley yield, were posit ive, statistically assured, allowing their simultaneous improvement in the breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In agriculture water and nitrogen are the main factors that influence crop production in all regions. Interactions between water and nitrogen fertilization are complicated. The present study investigated the influence of nitrogen fertilization rate and rainfall distribution on plant height, grain yield and grain protein content of four winter wheat varieties in a three years field experiment in Turda, Romania. To establish the relationships between nitrogen fertilization rate, rainfall distribution and grain yield the follow parameters was determined: the rain use efficiencies (RUE), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Andrada and Codru had a significant higher RUE which means that this genotypes produced higher rate of grain yield per unit rainfall than Arieşan and Taisa. The highest NAE was recorded by Taisa which means that this cultivar has the highest ability to increase yield in response to the rate of nitrogen fertilizer applied. Andrada and Codru had the highest value of NUE, which means that these cultivars have the ability to use more efficiently the nitrogen to obtain a higher yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is one of the abiotic stress factors which affects the global production of grain cereals and is an important risk factor even for consecrated cultivation sites. This is even more acute for spring grains which are the most vulnerable to drought. This is the case for two-row spring barley which is highly sensitive to heat, especially in the post-anthesis phenophase. To monitor drought tolerance, we assess a number of 27 genotypes from the germplasm collection to identify the tolerant ones, to turn them into valuable genitors for cultivars adaptable to the new climate changes. In order to evaluate drought tolerance was used the principle of inducing this phenomenon through the use of chemical desiccants (NaClO3). The method is based on sprinkling the plants with desiccants (NaClO3) with a 2% concentration, 14 days after the anthesis. The genotypes that constitute the objective of this study are analysed through the prism of some components of production that are most significantly affected by the effects of drought appearing in the postanthesis phenophase, such as grain weight/spike and thousand grain weight (TGW). The most pronounced effect of the treatment is highlighted by the case of the genotypes Concerto and Vienna which reacts very favourably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the most important anthropod pest of the maize in Europe is the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. In the infested areas, O. nubilalis is found with great frequency, starting from 20% in Hungary to 60% in Spain, and estimated production losses are between 5% and 30%, being considered as typical losses without too many control measures. Due to the major importance of this pest, between 2013 and 2016, at SCDA Turda the effect of some insecticides has been tested during the treatments on vegetation for corn borer control, under conditions of natural and artificial infestation with Ostrinia nubilalis. The most efficient role in the protection of maize culture, and implicitly of production, goes to the active substances indoxacarb and deltamethrine, in both infestation conditions, leading to very significant increase compared to the test counterpart. The least efficient results for corn borer control were obtained with the active substance thiacloprid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring progress in improving barley's production and traits of interest is closely linked to the diversity and performance of the original material that can lead to increased genetic variability and new valuable cultivars. Thus, phenotyping of the genotyping collection is a first step in identifying the most valuable available genres and introducing them into hybridization programs, depending on the complementarity of the traits. The traits that have been quantified and used to determine the cognition degree of the cultivars studied are: plants height, ear length, number of grain / ear, grain weight/ear, TKW, protein and starch content. Genotypes have been identified that can be used in future amelioration works either to increase the fall resistance because plants height value are approximately 81 cm or for qualitative improvement, showing high TKW values (52 g), low content protein (less than 10.5%) and high starch content (approximately 60%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of the amelioration experiments is closely connected to the coefficient of variation found at the genetic material level. The working collections of the amelioration programs don't intend to conserve the whole existent diversity at the level of a species, just to a useful portion of it, adapted to the specific ecological zones to each amelioration program. In this idea, the assessment of diversity and genetic stability of the genotypes with different provenances is an important step into the breeding experiments. To obtain some information regarding the coefficient of variation and stability of some qualitative parameters of spring barley namely protein content, starch and TKW, they were analyzed 185 genotypes from the breed assortment of spring barley from ARDS Turda in two years of cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increase agricultural output is conditioned by a number of factors, among which the protection of plants against pests plays a very important role. Along with chemical methods, methods of biological and integrated control against harmful organisms in crops have recently taken on a large scale, and one of these methods is the use of entomophages (predators and parasites). In order to identify and monitor species of entomophagous arthropods from the winter wheat culture, in the years 2016, 2017, an experiment was carried out in two locations in the center of Transylvania, namely in Turda in open field agroecosystem and in Bolduţ, in agroecosystem with protective agroforestry curtains. The field results were calculated and interpreted using ecological indices (abundance, dominance, constancy, and W ecology significance index). In addition to the monitoring of the entomophages, production and some of its components were determined. Entomophagous arthropods identified in the two agroecosystems differ only in ecological indicators, belonging to the same groups of entomophagous. The positive role of the agroforestry curtains in Bolduţ reflected both on the abundance of entomophages and wheat production, obtaind an 8% production increase compared to the production made in the unprotected system in Turda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production is, perhaps, the most complex trait and, in comparison with other quantitative traits, It is the hardest to evaluate in the early generations of selection, which is primarily due to the high state of heterozygosity and to the great number of major and minor genes implied in the heredity of this trait. The research undergone reached the conclusion that, in their turn, the elements of production possess a complex heredity. To estimate the effects of heredity gene involved in quantitative characters, yield component, it was used for genetic analysis model proposed by Hayman (1958) and applied by Gamble (1962). In this regard, the averages of the traits from the parental populations and from the genetic populations from the lineages were analysed, the following being estimated: additive genetic effects (a), dominant (d) and the epistatic interactions of the type additive x additive (aa), additivex dominant (ad), dominant x dominant (dd), involved in the heredity of the analysed traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For efficient breeding in order to obtain new spring barley genotypes, we proposed an inventory of the biological material used for breeding programs for the identification of genotypes, which could be used as genitors in future hybridization works. Periodic inventory of the germplasm collection regarding the existing variability, appears to be necessary due to new entries (new genotypes and lines), in order to assess them in terms of some morphological traits and stability of yield components. The variability of the germplasm collection for spring barley from Turda, was achieved using the main parameters of variability (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, the minimum and maximum) to the following traits: flag leaf length and width, plant height, grain weight / plant and T.K.W. The collection of germplasm study involves a large volume of work, such analysis on a large number of genotypes (540) have not been made before at A.R.D.S. Turda. There were analysed 10 morphological and production traits. In this paper will be presented only some of the traits mentioned above regarding some of the most representative genotypes from the collection. The decrease of plant height is a priority of the breeding program of spring barley in Turda. Following this direction, there have been also calculated some derivatives genetic parameters (heritability coefficient, dominance) in a set of six hybrid combinations. Following measurements it was able to observe that in the germplasm collection there is an important source of morphology characters variation, but also for the quantitative production traits (T.K.W., grain weight / plant) which can be used in future crosses for the obtain of new genotypes that provide a transgressive segregation. Regarded as a simple parameter, coefficient of heritability, has not great importance in assessing some traits, but along with the pressure of selection and variability, can provide information on the probability of gene transmission which is desired to be obtained in the new genotypes. The heritability coefficient in narrow sense for plant height (0.57), indicating a major involvement in controlling plant height, which would suggest that the selection work for this trait could start from early generations. In this study, we can say that through a judicious choice of the parents and through an appropriate selection pressure, there can be obtained new spring barley genotypes, to bring more in terms of quantity. However we must work towards improving the collection with new entries to bring additional variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our work we have proposed the submission of follow-up in the framework of continuous education for 389 teachers in the field of mentoring for professional employability. The general objectives were: to investigate how the information acquired during the training activities has been implemented in tutorial practice, identification of possible difficulties, and improvement of the training program. The tools used were the questionnaires. From the analysis of answers, one can conclude that the tutors trained within this program have theoretical training needed to properly address the tutorial activity in order to effective collaborate with beginners and facilitate their professional insertion process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to discuss metacognitive regulation strategies in higher education. The research grounding this article was based on a qualitative research strategy, blending in-depth interviews and reflective diaries. The results of the research revealed the presence of both internal and external regulation strategies, with the prevalence of external regulation. Furthermore, lack of regulation is also possible for students with negative learning patterns. The results of the study are largely discussed and a suite of metacognitive phenomena are described. The final section of the paper provides further research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In our work we have proposed the submission of follow-up in the framework of continuous education for four hundred teachers in pre-university education in the field of Romanian tutoring for professional employability, developed under the POSDRU project From start to success - national success-tutoring program for teachers employability, ID 36525. The follow-up activity was developed at the end of 2013, and its general objectives were: to investigate how the information acquired during the training activities has been implemented in tutorial practice; identification of possible difficulties, improvement of the training program. The tools used were the questionnaires with face-to-face and on-line application. During the investigation, 389 trainees were covered in 8 training and assessment centres. Disciplines/specialties in all curriculum areas were represented, thus ensuring the representativeness of the test sample. From the analysis of answers for the two questionnaires, one can conclude that the tutors trained within this program have theoretical training needed to properly address the tutorial activity in order to effective collaborate with beginners and facilitate their professional insertion process. The training programme of tutors could be enriched through a broader address of strategies' issues and the specific character of the school culture. The beginners included in this consultation draft could provide additional information regarding the effectiveness and effects of the training program that was analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]