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This paper examines the composition of families in the parish of São José de Encoge, northern Angola, in the early colonial era, using a series of 'family bulletins' collected by the Portuguese colonial government in 1910. Encoge was one of the earliest centres of coffee cultivation in west-central Africa. While not all local families participated in this economy, the census sheds light on family-based cash-crop production after the abolition of slavery in Angola. The literature on post-slavery labour arrangements in Africa almost unanimously suggests that family-extension strategies predominantly aimed to integrate young women and girls into households, using pawnship and guardianship as important methods. The family bulletins from Encoge provide a means to evaluate this assumption on a quantitative basis in an Angolan context. They indicate that, besides natural reproduction and the adoption of second wives, the incorporation of wards, nephews, and nieces was the most common form of household extension, in which elders showed a remarkable preference for male dependants. The bulletins do not provide clear evidence of the presence of enslaved dependants, although some individuals listed as servants were possibly enslaved. Overall, the data suggest that, contrary to common assumptions about agricultural labour in Africa, family-based cultivation and trade of coffee did not discriminate against men or boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a compilation of articles from different periodicals that delve into various aspects of Catholic history. The articles cover a wide range of topics, including artistic and commercial history in Venice, research on the Roman Rota, and investigations into medieval Christianity. Additionally, there are articles that explore specific subjects such as the Coptic Martyrdom of Saint Chamoul, the Syriac Marriage Ritual, and the writings of Saint Francis of Assisi. This collection of articles offers a diverse range of perspectives and research on Catholic history, making it a valuable resource for library patrons conducting research on specific topics within this field. [Extracted from the article]

From the beginning of European overseas expansion in the fifteenth century, religious missions occupied an important place in the internal organisation of colonial empires. Their contribution to the ideological structuring of imperialism and the interaction with local populations is undeniable. With the emergence of the new imperialism and the scramble for Africa (after the 1870s), the missions, often anticipating the colonial political and administrative presence, enhanced their role as advocates of Europe's "civilising mission", above all through the education of the colonised peoples. For Portuguese decision-makers, the religious missions, with a multi-century tradition, had an important role in defending territorial claims overseas and promoting the empire's nationalisation. However, the lack of national missionaries, Christianity's inter-confessional competition in the nineteenth century and the emergence of international legal rules protecting missionary activities hindered Portugal's strategies. Using sources from several archives (in Lisbon, the Vatican, and elsewhere) to emphasise the role of a transnational missionary staff and the international law of missions, this text intersects these aspects, examining their convergence in the controversial case of the exit and replacement of Jesuit missionaries in Mozambique in 1910–1911, to demonstrate the need to look at the missionary issues in the Portuguese overseas domains from perspectives that go beyond nation and empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging in 1917 amidst the anxieties of World War I, the Cult of Our Lady of Fátima began with a vision witnessed by three shepherd children in rural Portugal. News of the apparition quickly spread, drawing hundreds, then thousands of pilgrims to the Cova da Iria. This potent symbol of faith soon transcended its origin, migrating in the form of venerated statues and dedicated shrines that sprouted across the globe. Particularly intertwined with Portuguese emigration, the cult's reach extended to former colonies in Africa and Asia ("Ultramar") and distant communities like Brazil. Statues of Our Lady became beacons of familiarity and solace, offering "homes away from home" for displaced populations. This essay focuses on the discourses surrounding the cult between the early 1930s and 1950s, exploring how Fátima served as a focal point for navigating the social, political, and cultural conflicts inherent in the emigration experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the site of the Rossio square in Lisbon as a contested urban space between the dispossessed and the Portuguese imperial authorities over the eighteenth century. Focusing on the aftermath of the Lisbon earthquake, it examines how enslaved and freed women of African and Afro-Brazilian heritage from the Portuguese colonies used and reconfigured the Rossio through their direct confrontations with the imperial authorities. Reading against the grain of traditional manuscript sources, this article demonstrates how contestations of the Rossio not only illuminated and underscored the dependence of the metropolis on the labour of Afro-diasporic enslaved and freed women, but also enabled these women to create alternate geographies of empire and power that pushed back against imperial spatial constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the atmospheric identity of the Chinese city–state of Macau, which has a distinctive urban charisma owing to its 500-year history as a Portuguese colony and its contemporary development into a global tourist site. By analysing visual ethnographic data, the research understands Macau's urban space with attention to its affective atmospheres. The research explores how visual analysis of urban atmospheres may enhance understanding of a city's atmospheric identity. The article analyses the sublime and uncanny as two complementary affective fields exemplified by two unconventional locales: the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge and the adjacent Chinese Special Economic Zone of Hengqin Island. The article demonstrates that visual analysis of affective atmospheres can be instrumental in describing how people, emotions, objects and environments are reconstituted in a continuous process of urban change and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1557 Francisco Barreto, the Portuguese governor of the State of India, issued a decree forbidding the destruction of temples and books belonging to the Gujarati Muslims, Hindus, and Jains of Diu and allowed them to practice their religion freely. This and other reforms introduced by the crown and the Goan archbishop created a special situation for Muslims and Hindus living in Diu, in contrast to the policies designed to establish monolithic confessionalism that the Portuguese authorities had been attempting to impose in most part of Asia since around 1540. This article aims to reconstruct and explain the specific nature of the religious policies pursued in Diu, adopting a holistic approach that compares them with developments in other areas of Portuguese Asia. It will be argued that the policies adopted made Diu a multiconfessional city, one that accommodated interreligious encounters though it was less supportive of mobility between different religions. This was the outcome of pragmatism, an essential feature of the actions of the different Portuguese agents who intervened at different levels, creating dynamics in which the role of the native population was also decisive in shaping imperial societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is an obituary titled "My Intellectual Debt to Michael Pearson." The author reflects on the influence of Michael Pearson's work on their own research and understanding of the Portuguese presence in the Indian Ocean. Pearson's writings provided new perspectives and insights into the dynamics of colonial settlements, cultural patterns, and the role of maritime communities. The author also highlights Pearson's contributions to the study of self-organizing networks, medical practices, gender and history, and cross-cultural encounters. The obituary concludes with a tribute to Pearson's lasting impact on maritime studies and the international research community. [Extracted from the article]

Mulemba Astronomical Observatory, later known as the Mulemba Space Centre was founded in 1958 on Luanda's outskirts in Angola, then an African Portuguese colony, by the polymath Carlos Mar Bettencourt Faria. Being, from all accounts, a charming and knowledgeable individual who was mainly self taught, he managed to build several radio telescopes, a solar observing station, a state-of-the-art electronics laboratory and a satellite tracking facility. Financial support was obtained from a variety of individuals, commercial companies, public institutions and from 1971 onwards Angola's national government. Faria's ambitious plans were nevertheless always thwarted or delayed by lack of funds. In 1973 data started to be collected at the solar station but the whirlwind of 1970s politics had a decisive impact in Angola. Faria's beautiful dream effectively ended when he was assassinated at the Observatory in 1976. In this paper we recall Carlos Bettencourt Faria's life and his battle against all odds to establish a professional-level astronomical observatory in Angola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review of: Legacies of the Portuguese Colonial Empire: Nationalism, Citizenship and Popular Culture, Elsa Peralta and Nuno Domingos (eds) (2023) London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 288 pp., ISBN 978-1-35028-977-2, h/bk, £85 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Many Black Women of this Fortress: Graça, Mónica, and Adwoa, Three Enslaved Women of Portugal's African Empire" by Kwasi Konadu explores the lives of three African women who resisted Portuguese imperialism in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The book focuses on their experiences of enslavement, relationships with white officials, and connections with other Africans. Konadu argues that despite converting to Christianity, these women maintained African spiritual practices that allowed them to defy Portuguese control. The book uses overlooked sources, such as Portuguese Inquisition records, to shed light on the lives of these "ordinary" women. The text emphasizes the importance of understanding African perspectives in the context of European colonialism. [Extracted from the article]

In this Forum, six scholars reflect on Rahul Rao's recent book Out of Time: The Queer Politics of Postcoloniality from other geographies, themes and radical possibilities. Part I offers dialogues with Out of Time from Trump's USA and Brazil's 'hetero-military' dictatorship and Portuguese colonial roots. Emerson Maione and Renan Quinalha explore how Rao's elaborations of homonationalism, homocapitalism, homoromanticism and 'pink-washing' more generally travel in new contexts and how the 'fetishization of law' can mislead investigations of queer-, homoand transphobias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colonial representations concerning 'indigenous uses and customs' have been the target of postcolonial critique. However, in the Portuguese case, the impacts of the colonial encounter with African customary land tenure has still to be analysed and correspondingly inquiring into the historical relationship between colonialism and the commons. This article focuses on the debates surrounding the 'indigenous' common property regime among the political and academic elites and its historical evolution. This, therefore, frames land policies and their legitimising discourse in their production contexts, revealing how customary laws were misrepresented both to deny local populations access to property and as an instrument of social control. Furthermore, this illustrates how the colonial academic and political elites portrayed community management and the transhumance of African agriculture and relate the discourse on the 'indigenous' customary law with the evolution of land policies; from the legal initiatives regulating the 'appropriation of wasteland' in the mid-nineteenth century through to decolonisation in 1974. This focus on the colonial legacies of land policies is particularly essential to environmental sustainability in Africa. Furthermore, this case study of Portuguese colonialism provides new insights into the production of imperial knowledge for defining and managing colonised populations by approaching the key issue of land tenure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia is currently experiencing an increasing population trend in Western Europe and colonising areas in its breeding range. In this study we assessed the diet and trophic ecology of spoonbill chicks in Portuguese colonies (Ria Formosa and Tagus Estuary) occupied at different years during the population expansion in the country. We accomplished this by combining diet analysis with blood and feather stable isotopic analysis. Spoonbills from the Portuguese colonies relied mainly (but not exclusively) on crustaceans (Ria Formosa = 75%, Tagus Estuary = 72.5%) and fish (Ria Formosa = 17.11%, Tagus Estuary = 37.50%) to feed their chicks. Crustaceans seems to be the most important prey group. Nevertheless, chicks from Ria Formosa were fed with prey from a higher trophic level than chicks from Tagus Estuary. In both colonies chicks were fed with available in habitats near the colony, although in Tagus Estuary most prey originated from freshwater habitats. Diet of chicks remained constant through the development period and the proportions of crustaceans and fish consumed differed from other colonies elsewhere in Western Europe (Spain and the Netherlands). We conclude that in Portugal, spoonbills feed their chicks with prey commonly found in the vicinity of colonies. Prey originating from artificial habitats, particularly the invasive Louisiana crayfish Procambarus clarkii in the more recently occupied colony, were the most important items in the diet of chicks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

East Timorese nationalism experienced a unique generational transition during Indonesia's occupation hinging onto internationalism in the changing world. In contrast to the existing literature on nationalism, which is overwhelmingly focused on earlier construction of nationalism and post‐independence nation building, this article offers a theoretical account of the transformation of nationalism from an older to newer generation through a socio‐historical analysis. In light of interactions between nationalism and internationalism, it argues that while the older generation relied on a Lusophone cosmology of anti‐colonialism derived from counterparts in Portuguese colonies in Africa in the 1960s, the younger generation took advantage of universal human rights advocacy in the 1990s in its aspiration for independence. In doing so, this study demonstrates both generational continuity and change in the construction, development and transformation of East Timorese nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting in the 1880s, Portugal invested in constructing railways in its African colonies, Angola and Mozambique. The aim was both to solidify Portuguese presence in territories disputed by other imperial nations and to facilitate exploration of the resources that imperial policymakers assumed existed in the colonial hinterland. To promote the perception that Portugal was an imperial nation, hundreds of photographs recorded the construction, inauguration, and operation of these new railways. Using a semiotics approach, this article analyzes photographs from various sources in Portugal to show how they helped create a novel technological landscape, underscoring the domestication of the territory and the civilization of its inhabitants by European rule, thus promoting it as a land of opportunity for European settlers. This focus adds to the debate claiming that photography was a crucial tool of empire serving European colonialism and imperialism in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article assesses the reception of pan-African and Black internationalist thought on Portuguese colonialism within the United States and Portugal itself between 1918 and 1933. It employs a dual perspective by analyzing the press about W. E. B. Du Bois's NAACP, The Crisis , and Marcus Garvey's The Negro World in order to identify how the political and organizational issues facing the pan-African movement played out in the Portuguese scenario. In this way, it contributes to a broader understanding of the attempts by Du Bois and Garvey to articulate this movement and the article reassesses the place of Portugal within these international movements and debates. Este artigo avalia a recepção do pensamento panafricano e internacionalista negro sobre o colonialismo português nos Estados Unidos e em Portugal entre 1918 e 1933. Emprega uma perspectiva dupla ao analisar The Crisis , a imprensa da NAACP de W. E. B. Du Bois, e o Negro World de Marcus Garvey com o objetivo de identificar como se desenrolaram no cenário português as questões políticas e organizacionais enfrentadas pelo movimento panafricano. Desta forma, contribui para uma compreensão mais ampla sobre as tentativas de Du Bois e Garvey de articular este movimento e o artigo situa o lugar de Portugal nestes movimentos e debates internacionais. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Macanese Diaspora in British Hong Kong: A Century of Transimperial Drifting" by Catherine Chan explores the history of Hong Kong's Macanese diasporic community during the first century of British colonial rule. The book examines the interracial relationships between European, Chinese, Japanese, Indian, and Malay individuals in Portuguese colonies like Macau, Goa, and Timor, and how these relationships shaped the Macanese community in Hong Kong. Through family records, newspapers, and colonial archives, Chan highlights the transcolonial and global connections of the Macanese diaspora, as well as the local associational cultures that influenced their identity and community-building efforts. The book also addresses the complexities of identity and the impact of European colonial rule on the Macanese community. [Extracted from the article]

This paper offers a novel interpretation of the 1890 British Ultimatum, by bringing to the front of the stage its techno-diplomatic dimension, often invisible in the canonical diplomatic and military narratives. Furthermore, we use an unconventional historical source to grasp the British–Portuguese imperial conflict over the African hinterland via the building of railways: the cartoons of the politically committed and polyvalent Portuguese artist and journalist Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro (1846–1905), published in his journal Ponto nos iis , from the end of 1889 and throughout 1890. We argue that the Ponto nos iis cartoons played a so far overlooked role in the unfolding of British–Portuguese affairs, as they shaped at a distance a diplomatic exchange with the British satirical journal Punch. Attacking and counterattacking his fellow cartoonists in Britain, Pinheiro surged into the role of informal diplomat. This cartoon visual and public diplomacy unfolded in the pages of both journals and was tied to the two countries' colonial conquests in Africa, where the Portuguese and British empires were competing to dominate the African hinterland through large technological systems. Hence the cartoons made visible to wider audiences the otherwise hidden role that technologies played in the two countries' affairs. In turn, the cartoons aimed at persuading the Portuguese public and ruling classes alike that only regime change, from monarchic to republican, would restore the wounded Portuguese national pride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shepherd's book, then, has value on multiple levels, and I enthusiastically recommend it to anyone interested in histories of ethnography, animism, or reflexive or ontological anthropology. The point here is to illuminate how ethnographers become a part of a story, as catalysts for animist events through the negative effects of, for instance, breaching taboos, or the more productive but still complicated promise of a revitalisation or validation of local ideas. "Animism" as a term came from such efforts, as colonial ethnographers sought to categorise and understand local ways of life. [Extracted from the article]

Response to "The Mexican social unconscious - Part I: The roots of a nation" and "Part II: Politics and group analysis" by Reyna Hernández-Tubert. I fully understand that Carla Penna had much less to say about it, since, as she acknowledged at the beginning of her response, she is not well versed in Mexican history, culture, and the present social and political situation in the country. Soon after I had finished and submitted my response to [9] most critical commentary on my two-part paper on the Mexican social unconscious ([2], [3]), I had access to [8] commentary on the same. [Extracted from the article]

Cnidarians are commonly recognized as sea jellies, corals, or complex colonies such as the Portuguese man-of-war. While some cnidarians possess rigid internal calcareous skeletons (e.g., corals), many are soft-bodied. Intriguingly, genes coding for the chitin-biosynthetic enzyme, chitin synthase (CHS), were recently identified in the model anemone Nematostella vectensis, a species lacking hard structures. Here we report the prevalence and diversity of CHS across Cnidaria and show that cnidarian chitin synthase genes display diverse protein domain organizations. We found that CHS is expressed in cnidarian species and/or developmental stages with no reported chitinous or rigid morphological structures. Chitin affinity histochemistry indicates that chitin is present in soft tissues of some scyphozoan and hydrozoan medusae. To further elucidate the biology of chitin in cnidarian soft tissues, we focused on CHS expression in N. vectensis. Spatial expression data show that three CHS orthologs are differentially expressed in Nematostella embryos and larvae during development, suggesting that chitin has an integral role in the biology of this species. Understanding how a non-bilaterian lineage such as Cnidaria employs chitin may provide new insight into hitherto unknown functions of polysaccharides in animals, as well as their role in the evolution of biological novelty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores, through a close reading of newspapers and publications connected to the Portuguese libertarian movement, anarchist discourses and practices around understandings of "race" in Portugal in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A contribution is made both to studies of Lusophone anarchism as well as broader labour movement history where analyses of the interconnections between race and colonialism have been sparse. Portuguese anarchist understandings of race are placed within the context of broader ideas on internationalism within the anarchist movement, contemporary theories of the inheritance of racial characteristics and contestations against notions of nationhood and nationalism. The specific context of Portuguese colonialism and the development of anthropology in the country form the backdrop against which anarchist ideas are analysed. The article argues that while anarchism disrupted certain tropes within racial and colonialist discourse, it also reinforced some cultural categories and rigidified understandings of race, culture and social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on some textual and institutional elements that distinguish literary life in Portuguese-speaking African countries. These elements concern, firstly, the peculiarities of the Portuguese empire. Combining precarity, epistemological backwardness, and violence in equal proportion, it inspired an artistic response that was consolidated even before the independences. Secondly, they relate to the type of decolonization produced in these territories. Contrary to the majority of other African contexts, their independence was not negotiated, but conquered through armed struggle. Thirdly, there are the thematic and formal aspects: the "animal," the "dead," and an internationalist geographical imaginary play a structuring role in the literary fields. Thus, this article demonstrates how these contexts, unique to African literatures, can also offer new data for the analysis of cultural goods in the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first Macanese diaspora to Hong Kong in the 1840s saw not only the movement of Macau's Luso-Asians to British territory, but also the unfolding of decades of discussion regarding the repressive rule of the Portuguese colonial administration over Macau. From establishing Portuguese-language newspapers to writing to Hong Kong's English-language newspapers, the Macanese found a relatively liberal space in British Hong Kong to address Macau's social and political issues and criticise the Portuguese colonial administration and Portugal away from the Portuguese empire's strict press censorship. Through exploring the ways Macanese newspaper editors and contributors challenged Portuguese policies and maladministration on British soil, this study aims to first, analyse the experience of Hong Kong within the wider context of British press control in its Asian colonies and second, show how trans-border interaction came to be facilitated between Hong Kong and Macau by the movement and activities of a multiracial diasporic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Indies of the Setting Sun" by Ricardo Padrón explores the geographical perspective held by sixteenth-century Spain, which differed from the rest of contemporary Europe. Padrón presents the Spanish viewpoint that the Americas and parts of Asia washed by the Pacific Ocean formed a single entity called the "Indies of the Setting Sun." The book includes maps and charts from the period to highlight this perspective. Padrón also discusses the challenges faced by Spain in exploiting this area due to the vast Pacific Ocean. The book provides valuable insights into Spain's role in the geopolitics of the sixteenth century. [Extracted from the article]

From the arrival of Portuguese colonialism to its present incarnation as the world's biggest gambling center, Macau has long made the most of its liminal position at China's edge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Luso-Brazilian Review, housed at the University of Wisconsin, is celebrating its 60th anniversary as the longest-running journal in Afro-Luso-Brazilian studies in the United States. In an effort to increase accessibility, the journal will participate in an open-access pilot project through ProjectMUSE starting in 2025. The current issue features articles on topics such as pan-Africanism and Portuguese colonialism, black female narration and intersectionality, and racial discourses in Brazilian telenovelas. The issue also includes discussions on Portuguese literary magazine Orpheu, the work of José Vasconcelos, and migrant stories from Cape Verde and the Caribbean. [Extracted from the article]

Definition: Mozambique is a Southern African tropical country; it forms a 4330 km coastline on the Indian Ocean side. It is one of the continent's five former Portuguese colonies, with the economy relying mainly on agriculture and mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the aftermath of the bloody conflict, the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR) replaced European empires to become the new superpowers. Arrested development: the Soviet Union in Ghana, Guinea, and Mali, 1955-1968; Cold War liberation: the Soviet Union and the collapse of the Portuguese empire in Africa, 1961-1975 The old, conventional narrative of the Cold War history, as a simplified East-West confrontation driven by Washington, Moscow and their respective allies, has since given way to a new international history of the Cold War. [Extracted from the article]

This paper explores the construction of affective solidarities within and across the spaces and boundaries of colonized and racialized worlds in the works of militant poets of the Portuguese colonies in Africa. From the 1940s to the 1960s a distinct form of anticolonial poetry emerged written by a generation of Angolans and Mozambicans who became involved in the liberation struggles. The paper examines how poetry served as a vehicle to imagine and call into being various subjectivities and affective relations which actively countered the restrictions of colonialism and racism, especially on the part of the assimilados, the small educated elite constructed by Portuguese colonialism. Several important forms of anticolonial connectivity are expressed in these poems: connections with the broader African diaspora in North America, the Caribbean and Brazil; connections with all continental Africans; connections across the spaces of the Portuguese colonial empire – Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cabo Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe; and connections of solidarity and unity between the assimilados and indígenas of the Portuguese colonies. These various dimensions of affective connection were constitutive of a new anticolonial imagination and looked towards liberated futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thousands of runaways left the Portuguese empire during the early modern period, but very little is known about the lived experience of this diverse group of individuals after they fled. This article questions the framework of analysis that reduces such a complex social phenomenon to the overarching category of "informal empire," while testing the hypothesis that the issue of the archive lies at the core of the practice of global microhistory. A set of primary sources in Portuguese, Dutch, English, Marathi, and Persian is analyzed at close range to reconstruct the choices, motivations, and hesitations of a specific group of "Portuguese" – mostly dark-skinned mestiços of modest origin – who served as mercenaries in north-western Deccan. I argue that studying the networks of these mercenaries ultimately reveals localized forms of endurance and adaptation to rapid and disruptive changes brought about locally by imperial rivalry and long-distance commerce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the third quarter of the 19th century, Macau, a Portuguese enclave in Chinese territory, became an important departure port for indentured labores. Official documents testify to the concern of the Portuguese metropolis with the growing flow of Chinese, the types of contracts, recruitment, transport conditions and the conditions of the barracks where they awaited shipment, in addition to the external repercussions involving the English, French and Chinese. This article studies the forced emigration of a group of Annamites kidnapped at sea by Chinese pirates and then sold as emigrants to emigration agents in Macau. A case study revealing some of the minutiae of the capillary business network with the aim of recruiting individuals and transforming them into indentured labores to supply the world's demand for cheap and disciplined labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the interrogation of visual history associated with Goan church architectural legacies offered by Vishvesh Prabhakar Kandolkar's installation series, This is Not the Basilica! (2021). The artist's subject is the 16th-century Basilica of Bom Jesus, which was built in locally domesticated Baroque style during Goa's Portuguese colonial era and which houses the remains of the Spanish saint, Francis Xavier. Kandolkar's work makes viewers intimate with the Basilica's history, I contend, so as to posit the need for conservation efforts that will save the deteriorating church while also revealing its unseen aesthetic past as a symbol of still-unfolding Goan identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Running along parallel tracks, Soviet diplomats and Leonid Brezhnev oversaw superpower détente, whereas the Soviet Communist Party's International Department, the Soviet state security organs, and the Soviet military pursued the Cold War in Africa. Cold War Liberation: The Soviet Union and the Collapse of the Portuguese Empire in Africa, 1961-1975 The Russian term "mezhdunarodniki", which refers to the middle-ranking Soviet experts on international affairs who helped to implement Soviet policy toward Africa, Asia, and Latin America, drives Natalia Telepneva's I Cold War Liberation: The Soviet Union and the Collapse of the Portuguese Empire in Africa, 1961-1975 i . Cold War Liberation: The Soviet Union and the Collapse of the Portuguese Empire in Africa, 1961-1975 by Natalia Telepneva. [Extracted from the article]

In their interesting study on Sport and Globalization, Toby Miller, Geoffrey Lawrence, Jim McKay and David Rowe (2001) observe a parallelism between the commercial boom of imperialist Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and the process of creating an order global for mass sports such as football, tennis, cricket, or athletics. The question of the expansion of the capitalist logic on sport is posed, as we will see below, in terms of the passage from British to North American imperialism. But there is another Empire, outside the concerns of the authors, within whose vast domains, a type of corporal practice also emerged, a warrior dance, a martial art, transformed at a given moment into a sport. We are talking about the great Portuguese empire, where capoeira emerged, an art whose study will allow us, reinforcing and expanding the theoretical perspective of Toby Miller and his companions, to emphasize the incorporation of sport, through the sportivization of the game, in the capitalist societies of the 20th century, as an important element for the intellectual construction of that nationalpopular culture that guarantees the hegemony, in the national space, of a social class that has the capacity to present, internally and externally, its particular interests as the interest of the whole of the people-nation and, with that, negotiating, even, especially in the current moment of globalization, its insertion in the different structures of international power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade of colonial Portuguese Guinea (now Guiné-Bissau), the Portuguese government accelerated the process of territory occupation. While colonial administration announced to promote and improve living conditions of the Guinean population, nevertheless the population experienced a violent intrusion in their private and public life by the colonial authorities. The effective territory occupation and the clash with the rural population started during the War of Independence and especially during the government of Governor General António de Spínola (1968-1972) under the so-called “Uma Guiné Melhor” (“A Better Guinea”) plan. This plan was not only a psychological-propaganda campaign, but also a clear military occupation strategy to achieve the implementation of “strategic camps that imprison” the local population (Ledda, 1970: 119). The aim of this paper is to examine the construction of those strategic camps, to explore the housing typologies and to question the social, spatial and economic impact on the life of the rural Guinean population. This article also aims to frame the controversial messages of the integration policy acclaimed in the “Uma Guiné Melhor” plan by exploring and analysing the strategies of spatialization of people in action between 1968-1973. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discoursively glocal architectures play a key role in today’s architectural norms and forms. This is also the case in Portugal where modern pedigreed architecture harnesses some form of local tradition and cultural reification as credentials. This article argues this is partly rooted in the cultural discourses developed within the post-war colonial project of the Portuguese dictatorship (Estado Novo), intersecting modernization with imperial reorganization, and in which architectural modernist ideals of autonomy and liberty played a direct role. The article contends the appropriation of these ideals needs to be considered in a double light: as a sign of progress for a professional elite and as a new mask for an old and violent system of inequality. The article explores the colonial infra-structuring of post-war architectural knowledge, questioning the role of “virgin” landscapes in re-creating professional practice rallied by colonial modernization. The article examines how ethnographic processes were integrated into architectural creation, inspiring “culturally committed” forms of “Portuguese” modernism and imperialism. Offering a critique and cultural debate of the entanglements between architecture, anthropology, nation and empire, the article aims to contribute to architecture’s political history and to debates on the role of modern spatial practices in the creation of racial categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study assessed conceptualisations of human rights in Mozambique, a developing country with a history of Portuguese colonisation. Participants were 102 Mozambicans adults (female = 48%; mean age = 29.25 years; SD = 9.04 years). They responded to four kinds of information from realistic human rights scenarios: (i) the level of social protection citizens in the country enjoyed; (ii) the level of freedom of expression they enjoyed; (iii) the objective level of equality between citizens in the country; and (iv) the extent to which private life was respected. The Mozambican participants endorsed the indivisibility model of human rights, considering that only regimes that guarantee the full experience of all four kinds of basic rights can be considered as fully respectful of human rights. This perspective is similar of the one sustained by French and Venezuelan participants in a previous study. These findings suggest that the widespread "belle policy" (economic and social rights should take precedence over political and civil rights) defended by many sub-Saharan African policymakers must be challenged in favour of policies that promote the simultaneous fulfilment of all the citizens' human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B T b he Akan regions of West Africa, lying in what is now Ghana and the Ivory Coast, were, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, one of the most consistently high producing sources of gold in the world.[1] In the "highly auriferous area in the forest country between the Komoe and Volta rivers" - known more accessibly as the Akan goldfields - this valuable commodity was extracted, processed, and then traded locally and more widely across the region.[2] After 1482, this northerly trans-Saharan trade (which famously exchanged salt from Taghaza for Akan gold via Timbuktu) was supplemented by the establishment of trade with the permanent Portuguese outpost to the south of the Akan region - São Jorge da Mina.[3] Portuguese empire building on what they termed the Costa da Mina (the "Coast of the Mine", later known as the Gold Coast) was intended to provide Portugal with access to the rich commercial opportunity, but to be successful it was essential that they adapted to local demands, expectations and commercial practices.[4] As this article will demonstrate, the processes by which the Portuguese sought to establish, maintain and develop their presence on the southern fringes of the Akan world were a consequence of proactive engagement with local actors. Jorge da Silva's 1573 report was more belligerent still, arguing that territorial acquisitions should be made hand-in-hand with proselytization efforts and the integration of the African territories into Portugal's wider Atlantic empire.[55] For both authors, recent efforts to protect the Portuguese territory through naval means alone - especially the armada of Martim Afonso and Antonio de Sá - had been costly and ineffective.[56] The biggest challenge, according to the author of the 1572 report, was that Dutch merchants newly active in the region, especially between Cabo das Palmas and Axim, approached the trade very differently to the Portuguese. [Extracted from the article]

In this edited interview, psychologists Eric Greene and Nisha Gupta converse with filmmaker and psychologist Suzanne Barnard about her film MAXAMBA. MAXAMBA was created as a sensory ethnographic memory of inhabitants of Lisbon's Quinta da Vitória neighborhood as they awaited the neighborhood's final demolition. The film focuses on the daily life of an Indian Portuguese couple who emigrated from Mozambique (a former colony of Portugal) to Lisbon in the 1970s. The husband and wife both work out of their home in the neighborhood. As tailors, they have a close relationship with the other inhabitants, and they are especially integrated into the Hindu community that lives in this neighborhood. In this dialogue, Suzanne describes the film as constructing a virtual or living memory out of coexisting planes of past, present, and future—a memorial process that seeks to honor the everyday life of the couple prior to their traumatic displacement. She also explores how the film attempts to mobilize an intervention in the neighborhood's representation in the city, and reflects on opportunities and limitations for art activism through the vehicle of filmmaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, enslaved Africans and Asians bolstered the population of Portuguese imperial settlements in India. Purchased for a variety of occupations, their presence partially solved the problem of "peopling the empire" in a context of imperial insecurity. Valued for their capacity to fight in times of crisis, the Portuguese armed their slaves repeatedly. This tendency to arm their slaves has often appeared in the secondary literature. However, the religious dimension of arming slaves has not been explored. In the colonial imagination, conversion to Islam threatened slaves' military loyalty. Fleeing the empire to Muslim-ruled states, slaves who became renegades represented the fears of Portuguese colonial society – fears of being overtaken by the surrounding states. Imperial anxieties about religion and security shaped inquisitorial responses to slaves' conversions to Islam and crept into the discourse of ecclesiastical council records advocating for the baptism and Christian instruction of slaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early nineteenth century, João Albasini established himself as a slave and ivory trader at Delagoa Bay, current-day Maputo, Mozambique. In the 1850s, he moved west, crossing the Lubombo Mountains into the northern areas which in 1852 became the Transvaal, also known as the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek. He aimed to revive the Portuguese economy at Delagoa Bay through the trading possibilities offered by the Boer population inland. In 1953, the Afrikaans historian Johannes Bernadus de Vaal gave a detailed account of Albasini's life. He, however, did not consider the Portuguese and Mozambican dimensions to Albasini's economic activities in the Transvaal because he saw him as a true-blue Transvaler determined to promote the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek's interests. While Albasini did attach himself to the Afrikaner community, he remained a staunch Portuguese patriot. He dreamt of establishing a Portuguese colony in current-day Mpumalanga to further Portugal's hypothetical authority in Delagoa Bay's hinterland. Although deeply interesting, De Vaal's analysis lacks insight into the obstructive nature of the Portuguese policy towards the economic development of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek. However, the independent spirit of the Boers (the Dutch population) and the lack of political will and resources of the Portuguese metropole stifled João Albasini's imperialist dream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the history of the PAIGC radio station Rádio Libertação, broadcast from Conakry from 1967. The essay asks how to read the radio station today, and suggests we might see the radio station as a manifestation – albeit limited in scope and life span – of the commitment Amílcar Cabral sketched out in his theoretical writings to collapsing the dichotomy between the practical-utilitarian and the poetic-artistic. The essay reads the radio-magazine as a form that responded to the Portuguese colonial authorities' information mania, but also as an heir to the journal cultures that sustained black internationalism in earlier decades. It takes the radio as a form in flux, emerging from and remediating the PAIGC's print journal Libertação. The essay aims to show how the radio-magazine can help us understand the evolution of anticolonial debates about form, culture and society in the 1960s and 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angola, as with many countries on the African continent, has great inequalities or asymmetries between its provinces. At the economic, financial, and technological level, there is a great disparity between them, where it is observed that the province of Luanda is the largest financial business center to the detriment of others, such as Moxico, Zaire, and Cabinda. In the latter, despite the advantages of high oil production, from a regional point of view, they remain almost stagnant in time, in a social dysfunction where the population lives on extractivism and artisanal fishing. This article analyzes the most important events in contemporary regional history, the Portuguese occupation that was the Portuguese colonial rule over Angola (1890–1930) and the civil war that was a struggle between Angolans for control of the country (1975–2002), in the consolidation of the asymmetries between provinces. For this work, a theoretical-reflective study was conducted based on the reading of books, articles, and previous investigations on the phenomenon studied. Considering the interpretation and analysis of the theoretical content obtained through the bibliographic research conducted, this theoretical construction approaches the qualitative approach. We conclude that the deep inequalities between regions and within them, between the provinces studied, originated historically in the form of exploitation of the regions and from the consequences of the war. The asymmetries, observed through the variables studied show that the provinces historically explored and considered object regions present a lower growth compared to those that were considered subject regions in which the applied geopolitical strategy, as they are centers of primary production flows, was different. We also observe that, due to the conflicts of the civil war in the less developed regions, the inequalities have deepened, contributing seriously to a higher level of poverty and a lower development of the provinces where these conflicts took place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the Inquisition in Brazil and the role of the inquisitors in the procedural modus operandi of the ecclesiastical Tribunal of the Holy Office of Lisbon. The source documents indicate part of what was the Portuguese inquisition in Brazil during the colonization process of the territory. It seeks to understand the rite of the process through the actions of the inquisitors, the highest office in the organisation of the Holy Office of the Portuguese Inquisition. With this objective, it was necessary to approach documental sources such as the regulation, the manual for inquisitors and the cases of those accused of various crimes during the Tribunal of Lisbon. The study was realised based on primary sources and illustrated by a case in the colony of Brazil, among many others, providing details about the diverse cases that were judged in the tribunal of the Holy Office of Lisbon, as the Portuguese colony did have its own court yet installed. It is hoped that this study inspires further investigations into the subject with an eye towards studying the most varied processes of the inquisition in Brazil during the colonial period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the intersections of race, sex and gender that shaped the legal system of assimilation in colonial Mozambique. Between 1917 and 1961, Africans could apply for assimilated (assimilado/a) status, granting them limited rights of Portuguese citizenship. Analysis of assimilation case files, administrative reports and public debates in local newspapers reveals that assimilation was an ambiguous, changing and gendered system shaped not only by its Portuguese legislative architects, but also by the African men and women who navigated the law, and encouraged its reforms, over time. Using a feminist historical approach to challenge entrenched scholarly interpretations of the system as uniformly male gendered, this article reveals that marriage, miscegenation and women were at the centre of the assimilation system as a contested site of the politics of 'civilisation' in the colonial capital of Lourenço Marques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]