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As an integral part of spatial plans at all territorial levels, public services represent a segment of the broader field that encompasses both the population and the settlement network of a given area. The diversity of approaches to the treatment of the "public services" segment in practice, even within spatial plans at the same territorial levels, reflects the lack of a basic consensus on how this issue should be addressed. Methodologically based on a comparative analysis of spatial plans at the national, regional, and local levels, the subject of the paper is defined as the way this segment is handled in spatial plans across different territorial levels. This includes the chronological evolution of recognizing the significance of this segment, the methodological and substantive uniformity of its treatment at various planning levels, as well as the representation of its sub-segments and similar concepts. The goal of the paper is to identify and summarize key issues and ambiguities, serving as a starting point for directing further efforts toward improving the quality and relevance of spatial planning practice in this segment.

The popularity of autonomous vehicles has grown in the past few years as autonomous systems are more and more present on vehicles. The most accessible way for students of mechanical and software engineers to learn about autonomous vehicles is by applying algorithms and systems necessary for autonomous driving on the scaled vehicle model. These models are, as in this case, and are equipped with all systems necessary for autonomous driving, such as a four-wheel drive powertrain, a suspension system, an electrically controlled steering system, a brain-computer and a camera. The goal of projects such as this one is to make the vehicle capable of autonomous driving on a designated track, obeying regular traffic rules and signs (for example, the vehicle has to perform a full stop when it approaches the stop sign). To make this possible, it is necessary for a vehicle to "know" which traffic sign is nearby, i.e., traffic sign recognition is required. For this purpose, traffic sign recognition is done by an artificial neural network. The training process of the proper artificial neural network will be shown in this paper.

The simultaneous development and aging of society in Japan led to the idea of creating Society 5.0. The integration of physical and virtual space with the aim for the prosperity and safety of each individual represents the concept of the organization of society, which is called Society 5.0. In terms of mobility, which is one of the key areas in society organization, solutions are being explored to enable the use of autonomous vehicles and alternative transportation options. Additionally, advanced technologies in the automotive industry that focus on the needs of vehicle users and workers in the automotive industry are being specifically researched.

An additional attention must be payed to the energy efficiency of refrigerated vans transporting perishable foodstuffs, because inefficient operation of refrigeration units installed on these vehicles increases fuel consumption and exhaust gases emissions. The amount of fuel consumed by mechanical refrigeration unit drive can be reduced in many ways. This paper is analysing the impact of thermal insulation quality on the fuel consumed by mechanical refrigeration unit installed on a typical van. The results of the research show that by choosing better-quality thermal insulation around € 420 can be saved annually on fuel consumed by mechanical refrigeration unit driven by vehicle's engine while transporting deeply frozen fish at -20 °C (or other foodstuffs at given temperature). If the van is transporting raw meat (for example) at 0 °C annual savings can be around € 110. When the van is used for transport of deeply frozen fish the investment will pay off after 3.5 years of vehicle exploitation, while if the raw meat is transported the investment will pay off after approximately 14 years. The analysis includes the price of insulating the van, current fuel price in Serbia, as well as the average monthly temperatures in the territory of Belgrade, Serbia.

Background/Aim: Metastatic tumours make up only 1-3% of all malignant tumours of the oral region; however, in 25% of the total number of cases, they are the first sign of the disease. Usually, metastases in the oral region are followed by poor prognosis. Metastases are more common in the mandible than in the maxilla; in soft tissues, they most commonly occur in the attached gingiva and tongue. Malignant tumours of the lung, breast, kidney, liver, bone, prostate, thyroid gland, skin, colon and female genital organs most commonly give metastases in this region, usually in patients aged 40 to 70 years.

The aim of this paper is determination of the City of Zaječar settlements' functional organization characteristics significant for development of primary rural settlements on this territory. The paper examines truthfulness of a hypothesis that in conditions of extreme monocentrism, i.e. dominance of urban centre, development of primary rural settlements is in direct negative correlation with isochronous distance from the urban center. Secondary hypothesis is an assertion that primary rural settlements functionally connected to centers of communities of settlements as dispersly located micro-development centers are characterized by significantly more favorable development compared to settlements functionally connected to local rural centers or directly to the urban center. Methodologically, the paper is based on the comparison of development characteristic of primary rural settlements relative to their isochronous distance from the urban center and functional connections to higher rank settlements in the functional hierarchy. Selection of indicators was made in order of comprehensive representation of the most significant demographical and economical processes in these settlements caused by their geographical and functional positions. Perception of the significance of the isochronous distance from the urban center was made using Pearson correlation coefficient, and the method of comparison was used for the functional connections. The significance of this paper is in contribution to the insight of applicability of decentralized concentration concept on local territorial level in conditions of extreme monocentrism, i.e. dichotomy on relation rural-urban.

This paper presents certain considerations related to noise, vibration and harshness issues on modern motor vehicles. The first, practical aspect was used toward structuring of the acquired knowledge and relationships, required for proper problem diagnosis. On the other hand, advanced signal analyses are considered. The influence on human body is processed and certain noise and vibration analyzers are presented. This synergy of scientific and applicative approach represents a basis for further research related to this important automotive branch.

Influence of whole-body vibration on reaction times was studied on a specially developed rig, with the subjects being exposed to no vibration, and vibration frequencies of 1, 5, 20 and 50 Hz. The shortest reaction times for both, sound and visual stimuli were measured for no vibration of the seating platform. The most detrimental influence was observed at vibration frequency of 5 Hz, with reaction times typically increasing between 50 and 70 ms. The shortest reaction times were always measured at the beginning of tests and the longest at the end. The increases in reaction times with elapsed time were typically more pronounced when subjects were exposed to sound stimuli. Equally, under the same conditions, reaction times to sound stimuli were longer than to visual stimuli (by approx. 60 to 100 ms). In all cases, changes in standard deviation values follow the same pattern as average reaction times.

Considering the great importance of franchising for economic development at the global level, the research of this business concept is very important for its further improvement. Despite the existence of a number of studies on the topic of franchising, this area is still insufficiently researched, especially in the Republic of Serbia. One of the biggest problems in the field of franchising in the Republic of Serbia is insufficient information about franchising as a business concept and internationalization strategy. Therefore, it is necessary to promote this concept as a chance for successful business, both within the borders of our country and on the international market. The aim of the paper is to point out the importance of franchising as a business model, with special reference to the development and importance of franchising in the Republic of Serbia and recommendations for the improvement of the franchise sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes load distribution throughout the tank body suspension zone. It points out the importance of influence that the design of the link between the tank wall and the base of the tank vehicle (suspension cushion zone) has on the structure behaviour and reliability. In this study, the current state is considered, giving comments on the requirements and the criteria which make a normative regulation of this segment. The basic purpose of this study is to point out the inconsistency and inaccuracy of current regulations as well as to offer a technically adequate way of resolving the stated problems in the segment of identification of behaviour and verification of construction from the strength point of view. In addition, we have illustrated how a developed methodological approach has been applied to a particular model of self-supporting ADR tank body of semi-trailers in the fifth wheel coupling pin zone, including the characteristic graphic presentation of carried out calculations and necessary explanation and comments.

This paper deals with technical regulations in the area of vehicle type approval, and conditions for importing passenger vehicles. The territory analyzed comprises the region of Southeast Europe, that is, all former Yugoslav republics, with the addition of Albania. The paper is based on two key, parallel systems which define the conditions and criteria for importing vehicles on the territory of the above-mentioned countries, namely on the regulations of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), and the European Union regulations (EU). Both groups of regulations, which are rather compatible, have been thoroughly analyzed with a special emphasis on their application on the territory of Southeast Europe, through the analysis of regulations of all countries and territories individually. Furthermore, the paper deals with short-term predictions by the end of 2012 focused on changes within technical regulations and conditions for importing vehicles. Final considerations include long-term predictions regarding the mentioned regulations on the above-mentioned territory.