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This research introduces an innovative platform designed to manage greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in mixed farms. Emphasizing the urgent need to address GHG emissions, particularly methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), the platform targets mixed farming systems where the interplay of livestock and crop production significantly contributes to environmental impacts. Our methodology is grounded in comprehensive data collection, encompassing soil data, energy consumption, and detailed livestock information. Utilizing the Agricultural Internet of Things (AIoT), it facilitates real-time data acquisition and analysis, providing insights into various farm activities' GHG emissions. This approach allows for precise monitoring and management of emissions from different sources, including enteric fermentation in livestock and fertilizer use in crop production. Results from the application show its effectiveness in offering a clear and interactive visualization of GHG emissions, aiding farmers in making informed decisions for sustainable farm management. The platform's user management system, coupled with advanced data processing and visualization capabilities, underscores its potential as a vital tool for sustainable farming. Conclusively, Solution4Farming represents a significant advancement in digital agriculture, combining IoT technology with sustainable practices. Though initially designed for Romanian cattle farming, Solution4Farming's anticipated expansion to various farming environments suggests a broader impact and relevance in sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to present the practice of mixed farming systems which is based on circularity and proposes stronger links between crops and livestock. It aims to emulate the nutrient circuits resulted from food production based on those in natural systems, shifting from linearity towards cyclicity to reduce anthropic impact. The paper analysed the selected articles in order to identify strategies implemented in mixed farming systems which improve circularity and have positive effects on the environment and presented the results and discussions section in the form of guidelines and based our logic structure on the principles of circularity in agricultural systems. It is recommendable that farmers and stakeholders try to preserve and, where possible, increase the biotic diversity of agricultural landscapes, both in terms of crops and livestock (for example, by using cover crops and intercropping), but also in terms of habitats that can provide beneficial ecosystem services (such as: shelter for natural enemies, nitrogen fixing plants, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to estimate correlations between milk yield and growth traits. The biological material was 282 Lacaune ewes and traits studied were: milk yield (MY), body weight (BW), height at withers (HW), height at rump (HR), torso length (TL), chest width (CW), rump width (RW), chest depth (CD), chest girth (CG) and metacarpal circumference (MC). The data obtained were statistically processed and interpreted. Average values for milk yield was 120.86 kg for 135 days; average values for morphological traits was 65.10 kg for BW, 62.48 cm for WH, 63.23 cm for RW, 55.25 cm for TL, 25.04 cm for CW, 23.60 cm for RW, 24.06 cm for CD, 84.07 cm for CG and 6.91 cm for MC. Correlations were determined by Pearson test and correlation coefficients had values of +0.13 between MY x BW, -0.02 between MY x WH, -0.19 MY x RH, +0.12 between MY x TL, -0.03 between MY x CW, -0.08 between MY x RW, +0.03 between MY x CD, +0.002 between MY x CG and -0.06 between MY x MC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Precise age determinations of volcanic deposits from the Late Pleistocene and Holocene are fundamental for hazard assessment. Retrieving accurate radiogenic ages typically relies on analysing specific minerals (such as zircon or sanidine), which are in many cases lacking in the deposits. We present a new 230Th‐238U disequilibrium dating method by LA‐ICP‐MS for inclusion‐bearing ilmenite, and discuss its details and challenges. The technique is tested on ilmenites from the 86.4 ± 1.1 ka Aso‐4 super‐eruption, Japan, and from the Lower Pumice (63.1 ± 4.7 ka) and Upper Pumice (58.4 ± 2.7 ka) eruptions of Nisyros volcano, Greece. Ilmenites of the Aso‐4 eruption produce well‐defined global isochrons yielding ilmenite crystallisation ages of 89 ± 10 ka (2s) and 81 ± 15 ka (2s). Two‐point isochron model ages from the Nisyros eruptions produce youngest population ages of 66.3 ± 5.7 ka (1s) for the Lower Pumice and 61.2 ± 4.4 ka (1s) for the Upper Pumice. The age determinations obtained during this study are compatible with data reported from conventional techniques. These results demonstrate the applicability of this new method to date young volcanic deposits in a quick, reproducible way, and without relying on zircon or K‐bearing phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sheep flocks of the Teleorman Black Head breed started to grow and spread almost all over Romania since 2010 when this breed was homologated and a breeding programme was implemented to improve the productive traits of the animals within the breed, especially milk production. However, the animals of this breed have a large body size, a high growth gain for lambs and good carcass weights are obtained at slaughter. On the Romanian market, lambs that are not kept for fattening are destined for export, especially to Arab countries, or for slaughter and consumption during the period around Easter. Since average daily gain is a trait with medium heritability (h=0.16-0.45) [1], the environment in which animals are reared needs to be studied and optimized. The aim of this study is to identify the environmental factors that influenced the performance of young sheep from two farms in different areas in the NE of Romania. The biological material taken in the study was the lambs from the two farms, 277 in farm A and 380 in farm B obtained from the 2021 lambing campaign from a flock of 252 mother ewes in farm A and 376 mother ewes in farm B. The lambs were weighed according to the COP (Official Production Control) procedure, both at birth and at weaning. The average daily gain of lambs on farm A ranged from 229.5 g to 319.8 g, with an average of 273.23 g for females, and from 280.7 g to 405.7 g for males, with an average of 340.66 g, and on farm B from 243.2 to 275.2 for females, with an average of 259.43 g, and from 307.2 g to 408.5 g for males, with an average of 368.7 g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research undertaken was to highlight that emission reductions can be made available to producers in the steer farming sector and the adoption of current best practices and technologies for the rearing and health of animals, feed rations can be a tool that would help the dragline sector reduce greenhouse gases, and was realized on the Moara Domneasca farm on a flock of 29 dairy cows at different stages of Montbeliarde's lactation between January 2021 and September 2021. Daily milk production was established per lactation cycle, within the lactation cycle of 3 distinct stages and the establishment of two seasons, summer and winter. The influence of feed strategies applied on milk production, manure chemical composition and CH4 and CO2 emissions were analyzed. The milk production of cows was not influenced by the addition of vegetable oils, ranging between 22.04 l / head in the ascending phase of lactation, 19.86-20.96 l / head in the plateau phase and 19.45 l / head in the descending phase of lactation. The methane emission from enteric fermentation shows the highest values for variants 4 and 3, when 0.2 l/head/day of rapeseed oil were administered in each variant, and in version 4, 0.1 l/head/day of sunflower oil was also administered (methane emissions are 1.41 kg CH4/year and 1.39 kg CH4/year, respectively). The lowest emissions are recorded for nutrition variant 5 (in which equal doses, sunflower oil and rapeseed oil were administered: 0.1 l l/head/day). Also, the trend of CO2 equivalent emissions closely follows the line of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation, being directly dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research purpose to demonstrate that feed rations can be a tool that would help the husbandry sector reduce greenhouse gases. The researches were realized on the Moara Domneasca farm on a flock of 27 dairy cows at different stages of Montbeliarde's lactation between November 2019 and September 2020. The dairy cows have been divided into lots which have been given different breeding flocks. The rations in the 6 variants were administered during the summer and winter seasons. The dairy cows are kept in free stabulation in a shelter and management system of manure were considered paddock, solid system and lagoon/slurry. The methane emission from manure management was calculated using tier 2 from the IPCC 2006, specific farm data are available for GE, DE, VS, and for B0 and MCF were used default values. The results shows that methane and carbon dioxide equivalent emissions are the highest in variants 6 and 4 and the lowest in variant 1 with green fodder. Experimental variant of ration no. 1 and no. 5, which contain a large amount of green mass, show that methane emissions from manure management decrease compared to ration variations in which animals receive more concentrates feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pinzgau breed in Romania (known as Pinzgau from Transylvania) is a very valuable genetic resource, and can be found mainly in the NW of the Carpathian Mountains, the Dornelor basin with the Bucovina High Hills (Obcinele Bucovinene), SW of Transylvania. In the absence of a coherent active conservation program, this resource may disappear at any time. In our opinion, the major vulnerability of the Pinzgau breed is the indiscriminate infusions with Red Holstein or Simmental, as a consequence of the lack of firm actions to preserve the genetic heritage. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for milk somatic cells count, character that significantly affect the health of animals and milk constituents that gives its quality. Also, this character could allow a selection of individuals in the direction of resistance to mastitis. A total 252 milk yield and associated characters records, belonging to 63 females from Suceava County, which coming from 8 sire families, for 4 lactations were analyzed. In the absence of consistent data, the paternal origin of females was established after ear tags. The method used for genetic parameters estimates was REML. Study has revealed the existence of a poor genetic determinism for somatic cell count and a high variability of character analyzed according to number of lactation. The results indicate that environmental factors have a greater contribution to the phenotypic manifestation of character. So, the number of somatic cells must be exclusively an indicator of milk hygiene and not included in selection for mastitis resistance of Romanian Pinzgau within active conservation program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of genetic balance in one or more loci, no matter if it concerns the loci involved in genetic determinism of quality or quantity traits, describes an ideal state, being influenced by natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow and genetic drift. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium trial presents a significant importance because any deviation from it reveals the existence of some disturbing, restrictive factors. Thus, in this direction, there were researched four swine statistical livestock, taking into account the aggregate genotype derived from prealbumins, transferrins and serum amylases. The significant distribution of the individuals which present the genotypical combination PaBPaB/TfBTfB/AmBAmB -(Landrace - 39.5%; Large White - 23.7%; Synthetic Breed P 2000 - 22.7%; Synthetic 345 - 31.9%) was characteristic of the four researched samples. Out of the 27 possible combinations in the three loci, there weren’t identified individuals with the aggregate genotypes in any sample: PaAPaA/TfATfA/AmAAmA; PaAPaA/TfATfA/AmAAmB; PaAPaA/TfATfB/AmAAmA; PaAPaA/TfBTfB/AmAAmA; PaAPaB/TfATfA/AmAAmA; PaAPaB/TfATfB/AmAAmA. In order to estimate the balance state, it was calculated the determinant of the gamete matrix. The result of the genetic state Hardy Weinberg trial, simultaneously for the three loci (g11 g33 g17 g39 = g31 g13 g37g19), emphasized the fact that none of the livestock is in genetic balance, as it follows: Landrace (0.0000215 ≠ 0.0000067), Large White (0.000039 ≠ 0.000041), Synthetic Breed P 2000 (0.000055 ≠ 0.000025), Synthetic Breed 345 (0.000004 ≠ 0.000030). This shortage of balance was caused by an indirect selection, with a higher coefficient of some genotypic combinations in comparison with the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research undertaken was to highlight that emission reductions can be made available to producers in the steer farming sector and the adoption of current best practices and technologies for the rearing and health of animals, feed rations can be a tool that would help the dragline sector reduce greenhouse gases, and was realized on the Moara Domneasca farm on a flock of 27 dairy cows at different stages of Montbeliarde’s lactation between November 2019 and September 2020. Daily milk production was establised per lactation cycle, within the lactation cycle of 3 distinct stages and the establishment of two seasons, summer and winter. The influence of feed strategies applied on milk production, manure chemical composition and CH4 and CO2 emissions were analyzed. The dairy production of the cows varied in the management of green feed rations between 21.97 L/head in the upward stage of lactation and 20.54 L/head in the plateau phase and in winter succulent rations, milk production was 21.29 L/head in the ascending phase, 19.93-20.27 L/head in the plateau phase and 18.56 L/head in the ascending phase. The methane emission from enteric fermentation has the highest values for the variants 6 and 4, which contains rots (sunflower and soybean), maize, and wheat bran and the lowest emissions are recorded for the ration variant 1 which is rich in green fodder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study wants to demonstrate the importance of the feeding program on preparing heifers for first insemination. The study was done on a group of 35 heifers aged between 9-12 months on Agroserv Dairy Măriuţa. The varieties of the experimental group belong to the Holstein breed and are inseminated at the age of 12 months and the body weight of 400 kilos. The role of the dissimilar feeding program is to help the heifersto reach the body weight 75% of the adult weight, to show the heat and to install gestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the Aberdeen Angus breed in Romania began in 1999 following an exchange of experience between Romanian specialists, Dr. Popescu Alexandru, Dr. Pachiţanu Vasile and Dr. Buzdugan Lucian, who participated in documentation visits to universities, breeding farms and fattening, frozen semen production centers and slaughterhouses in the United States at the invitation of specialists from the State Department of Agriculture. The paper aims is to analyze the main breeding indicators and the production performance of the Abeerden Angus breed of cattle included in the Official Meat Production Control operated on the S.C. farm. Cosmi - Vas Impex S.R.L and comparing the results obtained with those of the specialized literature, in order to improve it. The reproduction indicators studied were: the calving interval (Calving interval), the age at first calving and the interval in days from parturition until the first artificial sowing or fecundation (Service period) for 2017 and 2018. The production performances studied have was: birth weight, average daily gain corrected at 200 days and 365 days for 2017 and 2018. The obtained results showed values that are included in the specialized literature, therefore, the birth weight for 2017 was 32.25 ± 0.30 kg, the average daily gain being 781.62 ± 31.58 g / day at the age of 200 days and 812.62 ± 35.28 g / day to that of 300 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The institution of "village halls" or "cultural house" appeared in interwar period in Romania as a result of elite's desire to increase the level of culture and education in rural areas of the country. The model was copied from Western an d Central Europe. After 1948, The Communist Party reach the power and used the "village halls" also for artistic, cultural and educational reasons, but in the same time the regime transformed the role of this institution which became an important propagandistic instrument, a way to sending the official propaganda message in Romania's villages, the rural part of the country reached after the World War Two, 80% of total population. This article wants to present the main activities developed by "village halls" in Romania in the first period of the communist era (1948 -1965). The sources used for this study was in principal, archival sources, interviews, press from the period, general studies and books about propaganda and communist press dedicated to cultural activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to present the evolution of green house gases emissions from entheric fermentation and manure management at nonruminants Romanian livestock during the period 2014 -2017. The emissions are based on the data provided by National Institute for Statistics. The data have been processed into the following indicators: nonruminants livestock, number of: breeding females (sows), swine youth categories as piglets (under 20 kg and 20-50 kg), fattening swine, breeding swine, horses, for entheric fermentation. For manure management were including two poultry categories: broilers and adult laying chickens. All categories included in this study were in accordance with IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 2006, and parameters used in equations have national values (gross energy intake, digestible energy, EF, MS, Nex). The researchproved that the green house gases emission trend from entheric fermentation and manure management were descending, due to the decrease in the number of animals, and due to conversion to sustainable agriculture sustained by government subsidies for environmental measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in order to calculate the competitiveness index for milk yield, fat and protein percent in the population of Romanian Buffalo from Şercaia Research and Development Station. A total 609 milk yield and associated characters records, belonging to 87 females, which coming from 11 sire families, for 7 lactations were analysed. The method used was an index elaborated by Sandu (1983) which takes into account the genetic determinism of traits, genetic correlations and economic weight. The method used for genetic parameters estimates was REML, and for economic weights was linear multiple regression. The competitiveness index for milk yield, fat and protein percent in seven lactations were calculated as: 0.1158, -0.0040, -0.0279; 0.0683, 0.0024, -0.0087; 0.0817, 0.0141, -0.0249; 0.5265, 0.0013, -0.1134; 0.1441, 0.0479, -0.0567; 0.1806, 0.0005, -0.0478; 0.3170, -0.0300, -0.0921. Results indicated that the selection objective of Romanian Buffalo is milk yield genetic improvement. But, taking into account the genetic correlations between traits, an optimization of the female selection criterion becomes mandatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gât Golaș de Transylvania breed (GGT) is part of Romania's genetic patrimony. Economic inequality compared to other similar genetic structures causes an unprecedented numerical decrease and breed entry into a vulnerable area. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the meat sensory qualities of the GGT breed compared to other genetic types under identical conditions of feeding and housing. Meat sensory traits, in terms of appearance, taste, smell, consistency, softness were estimated in GGT breed, F1 hybrid with GGT and a commercial hybrid. Sensory analysis was performed on heat-cooked meat in three ways: boiled, roasted, and baked. According to results of analysis, study participants noted the special meat qualities of the GGT breed, well superior to other genetic types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These studies are the point to the proposal of solutions to minimize the risk of methemoglobinemia in infants or of other diseases or chronic fluid in adults, which may be caused by the presence of these nutrients in the waters described. The research has been done in 3villages (Măldăieni, Roiori de Vede, Peretu). For each research site, based on soil, surface/wells and manure samples were determined: the type and soil texture and supply status with major nutrients, soil reaction, fertilizers and pesticides, surface/wells quality, quantities and quality of manure from fresh and fermented samples. The samples were taken of surface water and from the well simultaneously. Surface water quality varies from class II quality close to class III. Water fountain concentrations of nitrogen forms, in all samples analyzed, were very close or exceed of maximum admissible values. Testing the significance of differences observed between the average values of the samples from the sites of research was done with the Student test for each analyzed compartment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to present the economic weights of milk yield, fat and protein percent estimated in the population of Romanian Buffalo from Șercaia Research and Development Station. A total 609 milk yield and associated characters records, belonging to 87 females, which coming from 11 sire families, for 7 lactations were analysed. The method used was multiple linear regression, and as a global indicator the „mozzarella index" was used. The economic values for milk yield, fat and protein percent in seven lactations were calculated as: € 0.9636, € 0.1367, € -0.0974; € 0.9729, € 0.0912, € -0.0661; € 0.9948, € 0.1978, € -0.1935; € 0.9922, € 0.1506, € -0.1452; € 0.9932, € 0.2691, € -0.2645; € 0.9891, € 0.1454, € -0.1352; € 0.9890, € 0.1708, € -0.1597. Results indicated that a major weight should be given to milk yield and fat percent. Negative value associated with protein percent suggest that the fat had a higher price compared to protein, and the payment system should be based on milk yield and fat percent for mozzarella production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]