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This study investigates the molecular interactions between khellin and nitric oxide synthase, which plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. Molecular docking, dynamic simulation, and in vivo approaches were used to explore these interactions, revealing that khellin has a superior binding affinity for nitric oxide synthase compared to its co-crystallized ligand. The cerebroprotective effect of khellin was evaluated in a rat model of cerebral stroke induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion (BCCAO/R), and the results showed that khellin treatment significantly decreased infarct size, increased antioxidant levels, decreased oxidative stress, and improved EEG function. Histological analysis also revealed increased pyramidal cell layer thickness and reduced apoptosis in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that khellin may be a promising therapeutic agent for cerebral ischemia by targeting the nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), Andhrapradesh, and Guntur municipal corporation, India announced a war against mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, filariasis, dengue, chikungunya, and encephalitis. The Senegalia rugata (Lam.) Britton & Rose, Synonym: Acacia concinna (Wild.) DC., Family: Fabaceae is one of the ayurvedic medicinal plants and is commonly known as soap pod and shikakai in India. This research isolated and characterized a mixture of methyl esters of five polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA): methyl oleate, glyceryl trilinoleate, methyl linoleate, methyl eicosenoate, and methyl vernolate from petroleum ether extract of pods of S rugata (PESR) and epigallocatechin (EGC) from the ethanol extract of S rugata pods (EESR) using column chromatography, ¹HNMR, 13CNMR, and IR spectral studies. The EESR, PESR, and PUFA emulsion (PFE) were evaluated for their larvicidal action against fifty larvae each of four mosquito species as per the guidelines for mosquito larvicidal bioassay, WHO. The LC50 and LC90 values of PFE were 10 ml and 15 ml respectively. The LC50 and LC90 values of PESR were 20 ml and 30 ml respectively. No mortality was observed with the EESR mixture. The result showed the concentrationdependent larvicidal actions of PFE and PESR. The Senegalia rugata environmentally friendly alternative in reducing the use of chemicals for mosquito control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]