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PurposeMethodsResultsConclusionsLaser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is largely used as the first course of action to treat primary angle-closure (PAC). Previous literature has long been divided on the relationship between iridotomy position and dysphotopsia onset. The current study investigates whether there is a correlation between iridotomy position, temporal versus superior, and new onset post-operative dysphotopsia rates.The project involves a retrospective chart review of 2,385 lasered eyes. Demographic data and iridotomy-specific data including laterality, iridotomy position, and new onset post- operative dysphotopsias were recorded.Of 2385 eyes with LPIs, 217 (9.10%) experienced postoperative dysphotopsia. Superior and temporal LPIs were associated with total dysphotopsia rates of 11.20% and 8.01%, respectively. The percentage distribution of dysphotopsias among negative, positive, and non-specific categories were 2.81%, 4.99%, and 1.26%, respectively. Superior LPIs are associated with a greater risk of new onset dysphotopsia than temporal LPI (p = 0.0107), specifically negative dysphotopsia (p < 0.0001).Patients with superior LPI were more likely to experience negative dysphotopsia onset than those with temporal LPI. Among negative dysphotopsias, positive dysphotopsias, and non-specific symptoms, only negative dysphotopsias were significantly impacted by iridotomy position. Results may influence providers to perform LPI temporally to prevent negative dysphotopsia. Further research into the etiology of dysphotopsia may elucidate further clinical decisions to protect patients from dysphotopsia onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study addresses the challenge of the reverse effect observed in the dewatering process of waste slurry as poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) dosages increase. It investigates the flocculation mechanism of PAC at varying dosages in a high-water-content slurry using molecular dynamics simulation methods. The results indicate that PAC molecules primarily adsorb montmorillonite particles while exerting negligible influence on quartz. Dewatering efficiency is influenced by the adsorption-repulsion interaction at the PAC-montmorillonite interface. Efficiency increases with PAC dosage up to an optimum level due to enhanced adsorption but decreases thereafter due to increasing repulsion. Within this optimal range, montmorillonite interfaces exhibit a higher negative charge, facilitating stable PAC adsorption and leading to increased aggregation of montmorillonite particles, thereby forming flocs. The adsorption capacity of PAC on montmorillonite particles escalates with dosage until achieving the optimal flocculation effect. However, surpassing this optimal dosage prompts repulsion among outer PAC molecules, gradually causing montmorillonite particles to separate due to repulsion, thereby weakening the flocculation effect. This research provides theoretical support for the flocculation and dewatering of PAC in high-water-content waste slurry, emphasizing the rational and cost-effective addition of PAC in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anticipation is key to performance in many sports. By definition, anticipation as a perceptual-cognitive process is meant to inform action and help athletes reduce potential motor costs under spatiotemporal pressure. Anticipation research has repeatedly been criticized for neglecting action and raised the need for predominant testing under conditions of perception-action coupling (PAC). To the best of our knowledge, however, there is a lack of explicit criteria to characterize and define PAC conditions. This can lead to blurred terminology and may complicate interpretation and comparability of PAC conditions and results across studies. Here, we make a first proposal for a 7-level classification of PAC conditions with the defining dimensions of stimulus presentation and response mode. We hope this classification may constitute a helpful orientation for study planning and reporting in research on anticipation. Further, we illustrate the potential utilization of the PAC classification as a template for experimental protocol analysis in a review on anticipation in racket sports. Analysis of N = 115 studies reported in N = 91 articles confirms an underrepresentation of representative PAC conditions and reveals little change in PAC approaches over more than 40years of research in that domain. We discuss potential reasons for these findings, the benefits of adopting the proposed PAC classification and reiterate the call for more action in anticipation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High dimensional learning is data-hungry in general; however, many natural data sources and real-world learning problems posses some hidden low-complexity structure that permit effective learning from relatively small sample sizes. We are interested in the general question of how to discover and exploit such hidden benign traits when problem-specific prior knowledge is insufficient. In this work, we address this question through random projection's ability to expose structure. We study both compressive learning and high dimensional learning from this angle by introducing the notions of compressive distortion and compressive complexity. We give user-friendly PAC bounds in the agnostic setting that are formulated in terms of these quantities, and we show that our bounds can be tight when these quantities are small. We then instantiate these quantities in several examples of particular learning problems, demonstrating their ability to discover interpretable structural characteristics that make high dimensional instances of these problems solvable to good approximation in a random linear subspace. In the examples considered, these turn out to resemble some familiar benign traits such as the margin, the margin distribution, the intrinsic dimension, the spectral decay of the data covariance, or the norms of parameters—while our general notions of compressive distortion and compressive complexity serve to unify these, and may be used to discover benign structural traits for other PAC-learnable problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores how conceptions of home and immigration are influenced by political rhetoric and narratives of fear. Topics include the impact of political actions like the 2017 Muslim Ban on shaping perceptions of immigrants as threats, the role of texts for young readers in providing counter-stories to dominant negative narratives, and the use of these counter-stories to challenge and deconstruct harmful stereotypes about immigration.

The article presents the discussion on new editor's transition into their role at the journal Ethics, expressing gratitude for the previous editors and outlining their focus on maintaining the journal's high standards. Topics include the plan to reduce submission review times, the commitment to a fair and efficient review process; and an invitation for diverse submissions in moral, social, political, and legal philosophy.

A tournament is an orientation of a graph. Each edge is a match, directed towards the winner. The score sequence lists the number of wins by each team. In this article, by interpreting score sequences geometrically, we generalize and extend classical theorems of Landau (Bull. Math. Biophys. 15, 143–148 (1953)) and Moon (Pac. J. Math. 13, 1343–1345 (1963)), via the theory of zonotopal tilings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents research on the mass dispersion and adsorption of organics present in tap water on powdered activated carbon (PAC) in a two-layer filter column. The adsorption rate depends on the difference between the concentration of organics and the equilibrium concentration. In homogeneous flocculators with simultaneous adsorption on PAC, the concentration difference is lower than in a filter column with PAC. Therefore, the utilization of the PAC's adsorption capacity in filters is higher than in homogeneous flocculators. PAC is introduced into the upper anthracite layer of a filter bed, while the bottom layer is a sand layer, which protects the underdrain system from becoming clogged with PAC particles. The sorbent wis introduced into the bed in the final phase of filter backwashing. The authors present a model of adsorption on PAC in a filter column. Both experiments and calculations confirmed a better utilization of PAC's adsorption capacity in the filter column compared to its utilization in a homogeneous flocculator. Three criterion equations were developed using dimensionless numbers, Re, Pe and Nu, as well as two similarity moduli related to a sorbent apparent density and an adsorption coefficient. Additionally, a relationship between the Peclet number (Pe) and the Reynolds number (Re) as well as the similarity modulus for the sorbent apparent density were determined for the mass dispersion process. The relationship between the diffusive Nuselt number (Nu) and the Re number as well as the similarity modulus for the sorbent apparent density were determined for the parameter describing an adsorbate permeation rate across a water–sorbent interface. The impact of the Re number and the similarity modulus for the sorbent apparent density on the Henry constant was also investigated. The criterion equations can be used to determine the adsorption model parameters; they may be helpful in designing a filtration system supplemented with PAC. In the capillary velocity range V x * ∈ 〈0.15·10−2; 0.72·10−2〉 m/s and with a change in the apparent density of the sorbent ρ p , s o r b from 3000 to 12,000 g PAC/m3 of the bed, as a result of the experimental tests carried out, it was established that the actual coefficient of longitudinal dispersion D x * varied in the range of 0.16·10−4 to 2.03·10−4 m2/s, the product of the constant mass transfer rate and the specific outer surface of sorbent k ⋅ a m varied in the range of 2.23·10−7 to 1.70·10−6 (m/s)·(m2/g PAC), while the Henry constant Γ* varied in the range of 7.24 to 44.20 1/m3 of sorbent and the Henry constant Γ varied in the range of 0.0012 to 0.0019 m3 of water/g PAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coagulation is a process affected by multiple variables, nonlinear mapping and multiple perturbations. In order to realize the precise dosage of flocculants, polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was taken as the research object to explore the effects of temperature, water turbidity, pH and CODMn on the dosage of PAC and coagulation effect. A response surface methodology (RSM) experiment was carried out based on a single-factor experiment. The turbidity, pH and dosage of a single parameter, as well as the interaction term and secondary term, all have significant influence on coagulation effect. The optimal reaction conditions were calculated using Design-Expert software: pH, 7.48; turbidity, 14.59 NTU; dosage, 24.01 mg/L; and the error between the experimental value and the predicted value, 4.08%. Establishing a model with residual turbidity as a consideration index can help to calculate the optimal dosage of PAC, which is conducive to a reasonable and accurate control of the dosage of PAC in the coagulation process, so as to achieve the goal of low turbidity of effluent and low production cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Photometric objects Around Cosmic webs (PAC) approach developed in Xu et al. has the advantage of making full use of spectroscopic and deeper photometric surveys. With the merits of PAC, the excess surface density n ¯ 2 w p of neighboring galaxies can be measured down to stellar mass 1010.80 M ⊙ around quasars at redshift 0.8 < z s < 1.0, with the data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Imaging Surveys. We find that n ¯ 2 w p generally increases quite steeply with the decrease of the separation. Using the subhalo abundance-matching method, we can accurately model the n ¯ 2 w p both on small and large scales. We show that the steep increase of n ¯ 2 w p toward the quasars requires that a large fraction f sate = 0.29 − 0.06 + 0.05 of quasars should be satellites in massive halos, and we find that this fraction measurement is insensitive to the assumptions of our modeling. This high satellite fraction indicates that the subhalos have nearly the same probability of hosting quasars as the halos for the same (infall) halo mass and that the large-scale environment has negligible effect on the quasar activity. We show that even with this high satellite fraction, each massive halo on average does not host more than one satellite quasar, due to the sparsity of quasars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) and protein aggregation capture (PAC) starting from a three-species protein mix (Human, Soybean and Pisum sativum) and two different starting amounts (1 and 10 µg). Peptide mixtures were analyzed by data-independent acquisition (DIA) and raw files were processed by three commonly used software: Spectronaut, MaxDIA and DIA-NN. Overall, the highest number of proteins (mean value of 5491) were identified by PAC (10 µg), while the lowest number (4855) was identified by FASP (1 µg). The latter experiment displayed the worst performance in terms of both specificity (0.73) and precision (0.24). Other tested conditions showed better diagnostic accuracy, with specificity values of 0.95–0.99 and precision values between 0.61 and 0.86. In order to provide guidance on the data analysis pipeline, the accuracy diagnostic of three software was investigated: (i) the highest sensitivity was obtained with Spectronaut (median of 0.67) highlighting the ability of Spectronaut to quantify low-abundance proteins, (ii) the best precision value was obtained by MaxDIA (median of 0.84), but with a reduced number of identifications compared to Spectronaut and DIA-NN data, and (iii) the specificity values were similar (between 0.93 and 0.99). The data are available on ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD044349. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to the strained relationship between Israel and South Africa's anti-apartheid movements in recent decades, the 1960s witnessed Israel actively championing an anti-apartheid stance. From the early 1960s onwards, various anti-apartheid groups sought assistance from Israel in their fight against white supremacy, viewing the Jewish State as a natural ally in their struggle against racism. This led to the formation of a relationship between Israel and the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), a significant development often overlooked in contemporary historical narratives. Despite its brevity – spanning less than a decade – this alliance offers valuable insights into African nationalism and its interaction with global Cold War dynamics, while also shedding light on Israel's multifaceted engagement in Africa. This article aims to reconstruct this historical relationship in detail, emphasizing its significance in elucidating the intricate connections between the Arab-Israeli conflict and the racial conflict in South Africa during the 1960s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let H be a binary-labeled concept class. We prove that H can be PAC learned by an (approximate) differentially private algorithm if and only if it has a finite Littlestone dimension. This implies a qualitative equivalence between online learnability and private PAC learnability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identity politics has garnered much criticism and debate over its efficacy as a tool for political organizing and mobilization amongst marginalized communities. A central critique of identity politics cautions that its essentializing tendencies can reify or reduce constructions of identity as an individualized category (Gimenez 2006, Carroll 2017, McGowan 2020). Marie Moran has similarly remarked on the ways in which neoliberalism has undermined identity in such a way that it, "has exaggerated the personal sense of identity over the social to such an extent that we have now reached a point in time where identity operates primarily to facilitate consumption on a global scale" (2018, 40). In doing so, identity as a politic is oftentimes limiting and not necessarily utilized in ways that echo shared histories amongst a group of people but instead connotes a false sense of representation and individual consumption under larger capitalist logics. This article ultimately finds itself negotiating the question of identity politics and grappling with both its efficacy for political mobilizations as well as centering debates inherent to it. Thinking about this conundrum within contemporary political organizing prompts turning to Cathy Cohen's question, "When and how are stable collective identities necessary for social action and social change?" (Cohen 1997, 439). I direct this inquiry towards the collective advocacy of Justicia Fronteriza, an El Paso, Texas based, progressive, political action committee. I argue that the group's utility of identity politics in their organizing work is emblematic of the ways in which marginalized communities, specifically, racialized communities along the US-México border, both make use of and continue to challenge limitations inherent within identity politics as a tool for political mobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urea is a problematic pollutant in reclaimed water for ultrapure water (UPW) production. The sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) has been recognized as an effective method for urea degradation. However, conventional metal-based catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation are unsuitable for UPW production due to issues related to metal ion leaching. In this study, the use of powdered activated carbon (PAC) was investigated for the removal of urea from reclaimed water. The PAC exhibited a high degree of defects (ID/IG = 1.709) and various surface oxygen functional groups (C–OH, C=O, and C–O), which greatly enhanced its catalytic capability. The PAC significantly facilitated PMS activation in the PMS + PAC system, leading to the complete urea decomposition. The PMS + PAC system demonstrated excellent urea removal efficiency within a wide pH range, except for pH < 3. Among the various anions present, the CO32− and PO43− inhibited urea degradation, while the coexistence of Cl− promoted urea removal. Furthermore, the feasibility test was evaluated using actual reclaimed water. The quenching test revealed that SO4−·, ·OH, and O2−· played crucial roles in the degradation of urea in the PAC-assisted SR-AOP. The oxygen functional groups (C–OH and O–C=O) and defect sites of PAC clearly contributed to PMS activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct an algebraic extension F of Q which is pseudo finite and has the "Laurent property". In addition, F has an extension F * which is a non-principal ultraproduct of distinct finite fields (so F * is pseudo finite), F * has the Laurent property, and F is the algebraic part of F * . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Super PACs have become a pivotal force in U.S. elections, often working in tandem with political campaigns to create cohesive messages in advertisements that serve as a tool for impression management. In previous research, I outlined a series of performance types, impression management techniques used by candidates and Super PACS in the 2012 Republican Primary. Since then, a second Republican Primary occurred, and a more expansive dataset on 2012 was released. In this paper I replicate my past work with the new dataset and compare performance types in advertisements from the 2012 and 2016 primaries. When comparing datasets, the findings were overwhelmingly consistent. At the same time, there were fundamental changes between 2012 and 2016. Notably, the inclusion of a new performance type, "the warrior," which promotes an eagerness to use physical violence toward non-Americans. This change further indicates the rightward shift in Republican messaging that leans into fascism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We achieve several results. First, we develop a variant of the theory of absolute Galois groups in the context of many sorted structures. Second, we provide a method for coding absolute Galois groups of structures, so they can be interpreted in some monster model with an additional predicate. Third, we prove the "Weak Independence Theorem" for pseudo-algebraically closed (PAC) substructures of an ambient structure with no finite cover property (nfcp) and the property B (3). Fourth, we describe Kim-dividing in these PAC substructures and show several results related to the SOPn hierarchy. Fifth, we characterize the algebraic closure in PAC structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]