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Improvisational theatre activities can be used as a tool for developing interactional competence in a language classroom. The unpredictable nature of improvisation resembles authentic communication, as it requires topic negotiation, spontaneous reactions and cooperation. The present article examines the student perspective on improvisation, which helps gain a better understanding of how this teaching tool should be implemented in practice. The study reported here is part of an action study conducted with a group of Polish secondary students learning French who participated in improvisational activities in French over a period of three consecutive semesters. During group interviews at the end of the project, students were asked about their opinions on improvisation in a language classroom. Analysis shows students perceive improvisation as beneficial for their interactional competence, as it allows them to use the target language in life-like situations and enhances their perceived self-efficacy. Obstacles encountered by students are insufficient linguistic competences and stress related to public speaking. Students also provide valuable suggestions concerning the implementation of improvisation in a language classroom, which in their opinion should be introduced slowly, starting from ludic activities. They also consider the teacher's attitude an important factor in overcoming socio-affective obstacles to improvisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and aim. "DiSCO" (Dietary Supplements Consumption of Undergraduate Students) study aimed to characterize the chosen elements of lifestyle among university students, including alcohol consumption and nicotine use. Material and methods. The cross-sectional study was realized in cooperation with Italian Universities. The anonymous online survey was conducted from 01.02.2022 to 30.06.2023 among 294 Polish students (age range: 19-37): 202 women (mean age: 21.77; median: 21; SD: 2.46) and 92 men (mean age: 22.73; median: 22; SD: 2.89). The statistical analysis was performed with the use of Excel (Fisher's exact test; Chi2 test; a significance level p<0.05). Results. 89.8% of students consumed alcohol in the last six months. 36.7% of students used tobacco products in the last year. The analysis of the frequency and type of nicotine products used and the frequency and circumstances of alcohol consumption by students did not reveal any significant differences among the sexes and age groups (p>0.05). Most of the students declared to occasionally use nicotine products (up to 3 times a week), most often traditional cigarettes or shredded tobacco. Most students consume alcohol 2-4 times a month, most often regardless of the meals. Conclusion. Alcohol consumption and nicotine use among Polish students are similar in both sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to reflect on the place of translation - understood as one of the forms of mediation activities - in the process of language education. The theoretical content is preceded by a description of the author's own study conducted among Polish-speaking students learning French in bilingual classes. The aim of the analysis is to show the elements of translation that fit into the assumptions of text mediation which should be paid attention to in the process of language learning and teaching, and how to examine texts mediated by students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the article was to examine Polish students' awareness about MOOCs. For this purpose, the following issues were examined: the percentage of students aware of the existence of free courses, the percentage of students who have used the courses, the most popular educational platforms among Polish students, the percentage of people who did not complete a course, and the reasons for failure. Students who had completed any MOOC were also asked about their experiences and the usefulness of the course. The study was conducted in October/November 2022 in the form of an online survey. The generated link to the survey was sent by e-mail to students of the Jagiellonian University, the College of Engineering and Health in Warsaw and the Gdańsk College of Health, with a request to complete. The results obtained may be surprising, especially after looking at the situation of MOOCs in other parts of the world. The knowledge about the availability of MOOC courses among Polish students is very low. Only 61 people of all respondents knew beforehand that MOOC learning was a possibility. The added value of the article is examination of the motivation of students to take a MOOC course, as well as the reasons for not completing the course or not participating in it. The conclusions of the survey may be useful for designers of MOOCs. They set out some good practices in remote education and ways to keep young people interested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University students are exposed to a number of stressors that may affect their mental state. However, they do not receive sufficient psychological support, although the demand for it seems to be increasing. The current study examines what psychological profiles can be identified among students based on how often different subjective problems affect their functioning. The participants were 1,499 Polish students (63% women, ages 18-26, 7.4% had previously used professional support). Five profiles, differing in the intensity of the seven internalising problems, were identified in latent profile analysis: in crisis (IC, 2.1%); increased risk - with (IR-S, 7.5%) and without suicidal thoughts or behaviours (IR-NS, 8.8%); increased risk - experiencing tension (IR-T, 19.1%); and not needing support (NNS, 62.5%). Gender, place of origin, and the use of professional psychological support significantly differentiated the profiles. The results of the study allow us to draw indications that are important for the design of preventive measures in the academic environment. Particularly important is the implementation of activities that fall into the area of selective prevention, targeting IR-NS and IR-T groups (about 28% of survey participants). This is supported by the percentage of people belonging to these groups, as well as the nature of the difficulties they are facing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study aim: To evaluate circulating lipoproteins, glucose, insulin and the index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in male Polish students with normal BMI and waist circumference (WC) in the context of their physical activity. Material and methods: A total 170 male students with normal BMI and WC less than 102 cm were accepted for the study (56 sedentary and 114 physically active). Body weight and height were determined using standard medical equipment. Waist circumference was measured using non-stretchable tape. The percentage of body fat was determined from the sum of the thickness of four skinfolds. Circulating lipoproteins, glucose and insulin level was determined. Results: Active participants had significantly lower plasma TC, LDL-C, TC/HDL ratio, LDL/HDL ratio, insulin and HOMA-IR compared to sedentary subjects (P < 0.001). However, even among active participants, as many as 58% were characterized by high TG, 17% high TC, 12% high LDL-C and 20% high TG/HDL ratio. Conclusion: In male students with normal body composition according to BMI and WC distorted metabolic variables were observed. Additionally, physical activity markedly decreased but not eliminated these disturbances. Thus, using BMI and WC for body composition classification as healthy possibly provide a false results concerning metabolic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Students are a group particularly high risk of adverse effects from such restrictions introduced within counter transmission the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Fear felt of contracting the disease and social isolation can lead to consuming excessive amounts of energy with food, resulting in weight gain and eating disorders. Objective. The aim of the study was analysed selected lifestyle aspects of Polish and Turkish students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the existence of differences between the lifestyles of these individuals during the two periods. Material and methods. The study was conducted at the turn of 2020-2021 among 435 students, including 331 Polish and 104 Turkish students: The research instrument was an original questionnaire created in a Google Forms, consisting of metric and a proper part regarding lifestyle before and during the pandemic. Prior to the actual study, in order to verify whether the research tool is understandable, a pilot study was conducted, which included 40 individuals. The Wilcoxon test was used to examine the differences between the lifestyle of students before and during the pandemic. A value of p

The COVID-19 pandemic brought consequences for many aspects of people's lives all over the world, such as lockdown, social distancing and reduced accessibility to sports and recreational facilities. The aim of this study was to assess mental state, physical well-being, and motivation to exercise among Polish students of Physical Education and other fields of study, considering their gender, place of living and financial situation. The study involved 1424 students from different universities in Poland. Two questionnaires were used -- the EMI-2 to measure motivation to exercise and an original questionnaire to assess daily physical activity, physical and mental well-being. While 31.7% of the students assessed their access to recreational facilities as very poor, 71.8% of them rated their financial situation to be average or quite good. Over one-third of the students declared that both their physical and mental well-being (nearly 37% and 33% respectively) were very poor. Among all analyzed motivating factors to exercise, positive health, appearance and strength and endurance were classified as the most important. The importance of different motivating factors differed between the Physical Education students and those of other faculties. To conclude, physical and mental well-being of Polish students during the pandemic was poor. The main reasons were very poor access to recreational facilities, too much time spent in a sitting or lying position daily and insufficient physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The skills and attitudes of medical staff affect the quality of the healthcare system, hence the study of academic motivation and quality of life of medical students. Materials and Methods: The study involved 203 students of the Jagiellonian University Medical College. Academic motivation was assessed using the Academic Motivation Scale and quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire. Academic Motivation Scale is based on the Self-Determination Theory, which distinguishes several dimensions of motivation arranged along self-determination continuum from amotivation, through extrinsic, controllable motivation, to intrinsic, autonomous motivation. Results: For our students, the main reason for taking up studies was identified regulation, it means that they perceive studying as something important for them, giving more opportunities in the future. Next was intrinsic motivations to know, where gaining knowledge is a value in itself. The third was external regulation, which indicate that the choice of studies was regulated by the dictates of the environment or the desire to obtain a reward. Female students showed a more intrinsically motivational profile than male students. Motivation became less autonomous as the years of study progressed. Most students rated their quality of life as good or very good. There was weak correlation between students' good quality of life and more self-determined academic motivation. Conclusions: Our students are mainly intrinsically motivated, most of them positively assess the quality of life. A more autonomous approach to learning coexisted with a positive assessment of quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Family Upbringing / Wychowanie w Rodzinie is the property of Family Upbringing Editorial Board / Redakcja czasopisma Wychowanie w Rodzinie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Socioterapy / Journal Socioterapie is the property of Linguo-Cultural & Translation-Interpretation Centre of Excellence at the Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lexikos is the property of Bureau of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic has significantly affected individuals and entire societies. It has caused a number of adverse consequences for public health. It has contributed to lower average life expectancy and significantly reduced the sense of health security. It has affected not only physical but also mental health. COVID-19 infections have become so common in many countries, including Poland, that almost every member of society has either experienced it themselves or has a family member or friend who have been affected by the disease. The investigations undertaken in the article concern the fear of COVID-19 infection among Polish university students, determined by the experience of the disease-whether direct or among loved ones. Methods. An online survey was conducted with 851 students. It took place between 1 and 15 March 2021, a year after detection of the first case of infection with the virus in Poland. The aim of the study was to find out about the relationship between the experience of COVID-19 disease (whether direct or among people close to the respondent) and fear of this disease among university students in Poland. The analysis used intergroup comparison tests (Mann-Whitney U Test and t-test). Results. The results indicate that the level of fear of COVID-19 among Polish university students was low (M = 1.98; SD = .49), with women (M = 2.04; SD = .75) presenting statistically higher (t (620.46)D3.05; p=.002) fear than men (M D1.87; SDD.74). The situation of the respondent having had a close person fall ill with COVID-19 or die as a result of coronavirus infection was found to be significant for the level of experienced fear of COVID-19 in the studied group (t (469.46) = -2.98; p = .003). Conclusions. The significantly higher level of fear in the group of young people who knew someone close with severe (fatal) COVID-19 disease indicates that psychological support may be more significant for such people than for individuals who have not experienced such a situation. A similar conclusion can be formulated taking into account the gender criterion, as the results make it possible to predict that women expect more support in a pandemic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic has significantly affected individuals and entire societies. It has caused a number of adverse consequences for public health. It has contributed to lower average life expectancy and significantly reduced the sense of health security. It has affected not only physical but also mental health. COVID-19 infections have become so common in many countries, including Poland, that almost every member of society has either experienced it themselves or has a family member or friend who have been affected by the disease. The investigations undertaken in the article concern the fear of COVID-19 infection among Polish university students, determined by the experience of the disease –whether direct or among loved ones. Methods An online survey was conducted with 851 students. It took place between 1 and 15 March 2021, a year after detection of the first case of infection with the virus in Poland. The aim of the study was to find out about the relationship between the experience of COVID-19 disease (whether direct or among people close to the respondent) and fear of this disease among university students in Poland. The analysis used intergroup comparison tests (Mann–Whitney U Test and t-test). Results The results indicate that the level of fear of COVID-19 among Polish university students was low (M = 1.98; SD = .49), with women (M = 2.04; SD = .75) presenting statistically higher (t (620.46) = 3.05; p = .002) fear than men (M = 1.87; SD = .74). The situation of the respondent having had a close person fall ill with COVID-19 or die as a result of coronavirus infection was found to be significant for the level of experienced fear of COVID-19 in the studied group (t (469.46) = −2.98; p = .003). Conclusions The significantly higher level of fear in the group of young people who knew someone close with severe (fatal) COVID-19 disease indicates that psychological support may be more significant for such people than for individuals who have not experienced such a situation. A similar conclusion can be formulated taking into account the gender criterion, as the results make it possible to predict that women expect more support in a pandemic situation.

Vaccines are one of the most important achievements of modern medicine in maintaining the health of the population. The prolonged pandemic and subsequent lockdowns meant that the new COVID-19 vaccine was regarded by scientists and society as the way to end the pandemic and return to normal life. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors responsible for the feeling of fear due to COVID-19 infection and the attitudes of medical students towards vaccination against COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted online among medical students using standardized questionnaires: the Fear of COVID-19 scale and the Vaccination Attitude Examination scale. According to the results obtained, the respondents had a low level of fear of COVID-19 and the majority had positive attitudes towards vaccination against COVID-19. Regression analysis showed that the main predictors of fear of the pandemic and attitudes towards vaccination were age, sex, field of study, and sources of knowledge about vaccines. The analysis of factors related to the discussed issues can be the basis to formulate educational and preventive programs, to shape positive attitudes of future health sector employees toward the issue of preventive vaccination, as well as for the development of strategies to promote vaccination against COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-learning has become a challenge for many universities worldwide, which during the pandemic had to switch overnight from offline to online learning and meet the expectations of students for whom this form of education was often alien. The aim of the paper is to present how students from two different countries, Spain and Poland, perceived e-learning during the pandemic, what factors, in their opinion, influenced their satisfaction with this form of education, which of them decreased it; and what are the similarities and differences in their opinion. In order to get to know their opinions, an online survey was conducted with students at the University of Manresa (Spain), and telephone interviews with students of the Warsaw University of Technology Business School. A comparative analysis of the obtained results was then performed to determine the similarities and differences in the satisfaction with e-learning between the Spanish and Polish students. The study shows that the main factors satisfying both groups of students are the possibility to use digital didactic materials, the quality of e-learning platforms, the organisation of e-learning, and the support provided by universities and lecturers. The most significant differences were visible in the perception of online classes, the formula for completing the course, and the didactic activities for students. The research results lead to the conclusion that despite the cultural differences and different teaching systems, the factors satisfying students with e-learning in the two countries were in fact quite similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 pandemic anxiety experienced by students in Poland and its impact on their: social support, satisfaction with studying online and expectations of success in life. The data was obtained from a survey of Polish public and private university students. The research presented here examined the environmental and psychosocial effects of social withdrawal during the first period of the pandemic on the well-being and confidence in their chances for success in academic study. Recognising the individual and social condition of adolescents standing at the threshold of social maturity is essential to understanding the pedagogical and motivational consequences of institutional anti-pandemic regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to define the differences and similarities between students of Polish and Arab nationality related to environmental awareness. The study has been carried out as a diagnostic survey using the proprietary questionnaire form. The survey included 418 Polish students representing 44 universities and 110 Arab students from 7 countries and 40 universities. Both groups have been shown to have their own distinct characteristics, although some similarities can also be found. The greatest differences are revealed in the scope of subjective assessment of the state of the environment, types of pro-environmental actions taken by them and readiness to make sacrifices to the environment. The similarities are noticeable in declared knowledge about the environment, the sources of information on the environment and its quality and opinions on the most important environmental threats. The most important reasons for the observed variability are differences between environmental conditions in Poland and on the Arabian Peninsula, differences in the scope of environmental hazards and problems, as well as various cultural conditions (especially religious ones) and related values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Athenaeum: Polskie Studia Politologiczne is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Security Studies Nicolaus Copernicus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the paper, the authors discuss the first research effort to explore the transition from traditional teaching into distance teaching in Polish primary schools enforced by COVID-19. The first research question was addressed to primary school students and was dedicated to furnishing them with ICT equipment for crisis-prompted distance informatics learning. According to the obtained results, almost all Polish students during the pandemic have a technical opportunity to participate in distance learning and to use digital devices to develop their digital competences. Hence the second research question was addressed to the experts, demystifies whether the accessibility and the availability of ICTs could increase students' informatics learning outcomes in out-of-school primary education settings. The obtained results reveal the significant importance of out-of-school informatics education in pandemic time. Moreover, in the first wave of pandemic, distance informatics education had the same or similar effect as if students learn informatics by themselves, without school lessons and teachers' support. The obtained results should strengthen teachers and school leaders in making informed decisions during the shift into distance informatics education. Also, by investigating participants' informatics learning outcomes and teacher preparedness and choices when implementing distance education, authors hope that the study may be helpful for policy-makers with the progressive changes in education and government support for informatics, especially in Poland, in making informed decisions to aid the transition into distance education as well as developing preparedness plans for future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tertium Linguistic Journal / Pólrocznik Jezykoznawczy Tertium is the property of Cracow Tertium Society for the Promotion of Language Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Studia Polonijne is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective and safe treatment for many mental disorders. Nevertheless, the attitudes towards ECT are negative and the use of this method in Poland is decreasing. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the general knowledge and attitudes towards electroconvulsive therapy among Polish university students, including students of medicine, psychology and other faculties. Material and methods: An original online questionnaire containing 39 questions was used, distributed through student groups on social networking sites. A total of 418 questionnaires were completed. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: Significant knowledge gaps and negative beliefs about electroconvulsive therapy were observed among Polish students. Medical and psychology students had more extensive knowledge and more positive beliefs about this method of treatment than students of other faculties. Greater knowledge of the therapy was associated with a more positive attitude towards it. The main source of knowledge about ECT for students of medicine and psychology were lectures and courses, and for students of other faculties – movies. Students, who considered psychiatry as their future specialization, had less knowledge and a more negative attitude towards ECT, relative to the rest of the respondents. Conclusions: There is a need for educational interventions that will change the way how ECT is perceived both in the public opinion and in the medical community. An effective solution to low levels of knowledge for medical students may be the observation of the procedure included in the study programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic related economic crisis on Bulgarian enterprises by firm size across sectors and regions in 2020, using data from the National statistical institute. The analysis shows that micro and large enterprises performed better during the crisis, whereas enterprises of medium size were less successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vaccines are one of the most important achievements of modern medicine in maintaining the health of the population. The prolonged pandemic and subsequent lockdowns meant that the new COVID-19 vaccine was regarded by scientists and society as the way to end the pandemic and return to normal life. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors responsible for the feeling of fear due to COVID-19 infection and the attitudes of medical students towards vaccination against COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted online among medical students using standardized questionnaires: the Fear of COVID-19 scale and the Vaccination Attitude Examination scale. According to the results obtained, the respondents had a low level of fear of COVID-19 and the majority had positive attitudes towards vaccination against COVID-19. Regression analysis showed that the main predictors of fear of the pandemic and attitudes towards vaccination were age, sex, field of study, and sources of knowledge about vaccines. The analysis of factors related to the discussed issues can be the basis to formulate educational and preventive programs, to shape positive attitudes of future health sector employees toward the issue of preventive vaccination, as well as for the development of strategies to promote vaccination against COVID-19.

The main aim of the research was to answer the research questions: how the science went -- studying Polish university students in the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and what were the main barriers to learning for Polish students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey method has been applied to collect empirical material among students. In the survey, CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) Internet questionnaire, sent via e-mail to students in the form of the invitation to the survey with a link to the survey, has been used in the survey. Research shows that the vast majority of the students felt anxiety, uncertainty about taking their maturity examinations, bachelor's and master's degree examinations and having the academic year credited on time. The main inhibitor preventing the respondents from learning at home during the ongoing pandemic was a lack of silence -- quietness due to the noise of the siblings as well as remote work of the parents who had to perform their remote work during the students' classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the healthy behaviors in undergraduate students of Physical Education (PE) from Ukraine and Poland in comparison to the control sample of students of other faculties. Material and methods: The group of 564 university students (67% of males), ranging in age from 18 to 41 years (M = 22.05, SD = 2.49), was surveyed using a written form of the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI). The HBI includes the following four subscales: healthy habits, nutrition (HHN), preventive behavior (PB), positive adjustments (PA), and healthy practices (HP). Undergraduates' sample consisted of 25% Ukrainian students of PE faculty, 30% Polish PE students, and 45% Polish sample of other faculty's students. Results: Overall, the undergraduates were presented with a low level of the total HBI. Both Ukrainian and Polish PE students scored higher than their other faculties' peers in the Total HBI, HHN, PB, and PA scales. Women scored significantly higher than men in the Total HBI, HHN, and PB scales. The interaction between faculty and gender was also found in the total HBI, HNN, and HP scores. Conclusions: The Polish Health Education curriculum at universities should be improved to increase PE students' healthy behavior as future teachers. New health promotion programs should be implemented at campuses and universities to maintain and improve a healthy lifestyle among students. These health prevention programs' main aim is to motivate students, be more responsible for their health, engage more in physical activity, learn effective coping with stress strategies, and practice healthy eating habits and other wellness forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Dissertations / Rozpraw Społecznych is the property of Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biala Podlaska and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Polonijne is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is the first part of the book entitled History of Science and Technology in Gdańsk, edited in 2014 for the 110th anniversary of the Gdańsk University of Technology (Politechnika Gdańska). It begins with a concise history of the local education with emphasis laid on schooling in the field of technology. It is followed by the history of the University of Technology founded in 1904 as German Hochschule but always having many Polish students. In 1945 it was transformed into a Polish university. The next sections are devoted to the prominent scientists of the old Gdańsk and their worldwide important achievements, not always sufficiently popularized. Many of them were members of foreign academies and scientific societies including the Royal Society of London. Then, the scientific societies of the past Gdańsk are presented, including but not limited to the Experimental Physics Society (later Naturforschende Gesellschaft), one of the first such institutions in the world. Last but not least, scientists of the beginning of the 20th century are presented as well as the pioneers of science in Gdańsk after World War II, who had to rebuild the destroyed infrastructure and create the scientific life in Gdańsk from scratch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education in Poland tries to keep up with the extremely dynamic civilisation changes in order to prepare students to face the challenges of the future. However, it must face the historical burden symbolically defined as homo sovieticus – a man giving up his own agency to the system and authority. The aim of the article is to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the assumptions of self-determination theory (SDT) in developing the emotional-social competences of students (described using the original TROS-KA model) and gaining school achievements. The study was conducted among 10–11-year-old students (n = 94), parents (n = 94) and teachers (n = 28). It confirmed that the annual teaching cycle based on SDT assumptions was more effective (compared to standard practices) both in terms of developing a sense of competence (measured using the TROS-KA scales) as well as school achievements (measured by school grades). Moreover, teachers and parents noticed an increase in the emotional-social competences of the students, their greater involvement in the learning process and an increase in their independence. SDT can be a key strategy in the process of increasing the autonomy of the Polish school and, consequently, in the process of reducing the presence of homo sovieticus features in the mentality of Polish teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at Polish students who attempted to challenge the communist state's hegemony with their own alternative interpretation of leftist politics during the pivotal era of the global sixties. This challenge culminated in student and youth demonstrations in March 1968 and the state's violent reaction. In contrast to dominant narratives that depict 1968 in Poland and Eastern Europe as primarily shaped by the domestic political context, this article shows Polish students not simply as protesters against a "totalitarian" regime, but as active participants in a contemporary global search for a new kind of leftism. This quest involved turning away from the state as a potential vehicle for a socialist transformation, reformulating ideas of justice and solidarity, and engaging in leftist conversations across borders. The concept of transnational imagination is central to this discussion as both the young people and the state projected different visions of transnational solidarities and were influenced by crises happening elsewhere, including the Vietnam War and the Six-Day War in the Middle East. In Poland, the communist regime deployed and weaponized the transnational imagination against the protesters by launching a powerful antisemitic campaign. Stigmatizing protesters as Zionists and foreign agents alien to the Polish national community, the campaign solidified the racialized understanding of the "Polish nation," which had lasting political consequences, including the shape of oppositional politics in the 1970s and 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of e-cigarettes has increased dramatically in recent years around the world. The aim of this study is to provide comprehensive national estimates of e-cigarette and tobacco use among Polish youth. A national, representative school-based cross-sectional survey among students was conducted in 2016 in Poland within the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, using a standard self-administered questionnaire, sample design and data collection protocol. A total of 5,154 eligible students (51.6% boys and 48.4% girls) aged between 11-17 years completed the survey. Among them 26.9% (31.5% of boys and 21.8% of girls) were current (use at least once in the past 30 days) e-cigarette users and 20.5% (21% of boys and 19.9% of girls) were current cigarette smokers. Fourteen percent of students were dual users of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Both cigarette and e-cigarette use increased with age, rural residence, having more pocket money, and having parents or close friends who smoke. There was also a strong correlation between use of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Current e-cigarette use was 68.7% among current cigarette smokers, while current cigarette use was 54.8% among current e-cigarette users. Daily cigarette smoking among youth has decreased substantially in Poland from 24% in 1998 to 4.8% in 2016 in boys, and from 14.4% to 3.6% in girls. However, the rapid rise in e-cigarette use poses a potential danger of reversing the tobacco use trend. Continued monitoring is needed to track the use of e-cigarettes and their impact on conventional cigarette use among youth in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Pedagogy / Pedagogika Społeczna is the property of PEDAGOGIUM Wyzsza Szkola Nauk Spolecznych w Warszawie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the sense of generalised self-efficacy and the level of prohealth behaviours among Polish and Spanish physical education students. The study was conducted among 499 physical education students (219 Polish and 280 Spanish). The Inventory of Health Behaviours (IZZ) by Z. Juczyński and the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) by R. Schwarzer, M. Jerusalem and Z. Juczyński were used. Among the categories of healthy behaviours included in the Inventory of Health Behaviours (IZZ), the physical education students obtained the highest average results in the area of positive mental attitude (22.26), less in the prohealth practices (20.10) and proper eating habits (19.85), and less again in the area of preventive behaviours (18.97). Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the intensification of the generalised sense of self-efficacy and the levels of positive mental attitude (p = 0.024) and preventive behaviours (p < 0.001). The moderating influence regarding home country on relationships between the generalised sense of self-efficacy and general index of pro-health behaviours (p = 0.024) was also demonstrated; in the case of the Spanish students the level of pro-health behaviours increased, but for the Polish students it decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia is the property of Wydawnictwo SGGW and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Technology is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the general knowledge and attitudes towards ECT among Polish students, including students of medical faculties. Furthermore, the influence of pop-culture on society's opinion about ECT was investigated. Methods. For this purpose, 1,370 students have been examined with the usage of the author's questionnaire, which consisted of questions about socio-demographic data, detailed questions about ECT as well as questions about their opinion about influence of pop-culture on the reception of this procedure. The respondents were divided into four subgroups depending on the faculty of their studies: human sciences, technical, medical and health sciences. Results. The results show that the knowledge about ECT among Polish students is on a very low level, as in many cases the therapy is considered as painful, ineffective or even illegal. Conclusions. The influence of the media, especially film industry, on creating a negative opinion on the subject of ECT is significant. Furthermore, many respondents obtain their knowledge about this procedure from television or from the Internet, where the information is often incorrect [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports a study investigating the effects of different subtitling conditions on cognitive load, incidental vocabulary learning, and comprehension. In the study, 63 Polish intermediate learners of English were asked to watch a movie clip and subsequently to answer comprehension questions, take a vocabulary knowledge test, and fill in a self-reported cognitive load questionnaire. They were divided into three groups: one group watched the clip with Polish subtitles, one with English subtitles, and one without subtitles. The findings indicate that intralingual (L2) subtitles assist learners in vocabulary acquisition more than interlingual (L1) subtitles. Moreover, both types of subtitles lower cognitive load, which is accompanied by greater comprehension of the material presented. The results of the study offer some practical implications for EFL teachers and learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the attitudes and beliefs of students of Spanish as a foreign language, who undertook their secondary education in the bilingual sections of Slovakia, Czech Republic and Poland, towards the educated varieties of Spanish. To achieve our goal, we relied on the PRECAVES-XXI project, which allowed us to establish how the surveyed students valued the varieties in both direct (evaluating an audio recording) and indirect (evaluating the speaker, the region and the culture) ways. It was found that, in the case of direct evaluation, the variety that obtained the best results was the Castilian, followed by the Mexican, the Rioplatense and, finally, the Andalusian variety. Almost identical results were obtained in the indirect evaluation by the region and the culture. However, this was not the case in the evaluation by the speaker, in which the order of the varieties, best to worst, was as follows: Castilian, Andalusian, Rioplatense and Mexican. Finally, the possible causes of such results are discussed, as well as their application in the field of teaching Spanish as a foreign language, and in Hispanic language policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reprinted paper refers to Georg Lind and his colleagues’ MCT-based FORM study conducted at several European universities in 1977-1983, including Polish ones. After a short phase of democratization, in 1981 Polish society suddenly faced martial law. That experience had an impact on Polish students moral-, discursiveand democratic competences, as measured by MCT. When Ewa Nowak started her Alexander von Humboldt Foundation supported research stay under the supervision of Professor Georg Lind (University of Konstanz, 2008-2010), they were inspired to revisit and discuss the puzzling Polish research findings of 1981/3. According to their main hypothesis, martial law restricted free speech at universities, and free speech is a key facilitator of the development of moral and democratic competence. In 2018, after a decade of collaborative research on moral and democratic competence, Lind, Nowak and colleagues started a new international MCT study in several Central- and East European countries to examine the impact of the contemporary constitutional crisis in Poland (and the institutional crisis within the European Union) on students’ moral and democratic competencies. In 2018/9 the 40th anniversary of the Moral Competence Test (MCT) and Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion (KMDD) will be celebrated. We would like to provide you with the most recent research findings soon.