1. Development and clinical implementation of tailored image analysis tools for COVID-19 in the midst of the pandemic: The synergetic effect of an open, clinically embedded software development platform and machine learning
- Author
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Alexander W. Sauter, Ahmed Abdulkadir, Thomas Weikert, Claudia Bühler, Ivan Nesic, Shan Yang, Constantin Anastasopoulos, Raphael Sexauer, Gregor Sommer, Raphael Twerenbold, Bram Stieltjes, Fabiano Paciolla, Joshy Cyriac, Jens Bremerich, and Lena Schmülling
- Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Convolutional neural network ,FTE, full-time equivalent ,Article ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Image (mathematics) ,Machine Learning ,03 medical and health sciences ,Betacoronavirus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Software ,PCR, polymerase chain reaction ,A1-A3, altorithms 1-3 ,Pandemic ,Medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Computed tomography ,Pandemics ,COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019 ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,POL, percentual opacity load ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,DCNN, deep convolutional neural network ,CT, computed tomography ,Embedded software ,Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Software deployment ,HU, Hounsfield unit ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,AI, artificial intelligence ,Artificial intelligence ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Analysis tools ,business ,Coronavirus Infections ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,computer - Abstract
Highlights • It is feasible to develop clinically useful AI-based software for quantification of pulmonary opacities in COVID-19 in just 10 days. • An established pipeline for fast transition of prototypes to full clinical implementation is an important key to success. • Human-level performance, even in the presence of advanced disease, was achieved with less than 200 chest CT scans for training of the AI algorithm., Purpose During the emerging COVID-19 pandemic, radiology departments faced a substantial increase in chest CT admissions coupled with the novel demand for quantification of pulmonary opacities. This article describes how our clinic implemented an automated software solution for this purpose into an established software platform in 10 days. The underlying hypothesis was that modern academic centers in radiology are capable of developing and implementing such tools by their own efforts and fast enough to meet the rapidly increasing clinical needs in the wake of a pandemic. Method Deep convolutional neural network algorithms for lung segmentation and opacity quantification on chest CTs were trained using semi-automatically and manually created ground-truth (Ntotal = 172). The performance of the in-house method was compared to an externally developed algorithm on a separate test subset (N = 66). Results The final algorithm was available at day 10 and achieved human-like performance (Dice coefficient = 0.97). For opacity quantification, a slight underestimation was seen both for the in-house (1.8 %) and for the external algorithm (0.9 %). In contrast to the external reference, the underestimation for the in-house algorithm showed no dependency on total opacity load, making it more suitable for follow-up. Conclusions The combination of machine learning and a clinically embedded software development platform enabled time-efficient development, instant deployment, and rapid adoption in clinical routine. The algorithm for fully automated lung segmentation and opacity quantification that we developed in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic was ready for clinical use within just 10 days and achieved human-level performance even in complex cases.
- Published
- 2020
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