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Water retention in the landscape is discussed in the context of conservation and improvement of both its productive and non-productive functions. We analysed the retention potential of a small agricultural catchment associated with the Bílý potok brook, investigating the possibility to improve its retention capacity and slow down the surface runoff, thus increasing the underground water resources. Method of curve numbers was used for that purposes. From results, it emerged that present maximum water retention in the Bílý potok catchment is 96.2 mm. It could increase by 101.3 mm in case of grassing about 20% arable land threatened by soil erosion. As next possibility to retain water from precipitations in landscape, capacity and transformation effect of reservoirs designed in master plans was analysed. The latest programming tools working in the GIS environment were used to assess the retention capacity of both the catchment surface and the reservoirs. Analysing master plans in the catchment, it was found that 16 designed water reservoirs (from 31) have a good potential to intercept water and transform flood discharges. In the result, priority for building of reservoirs was recommended according to their pertinence and efficiency in the studied catchment. Presented complex approach can be widely implemented, especially for better effectivity and cohesion of landscape planning and land consolidations processes.

The article focuses on the issue of agricultural soil sealing in the Dolní Věstonice and Modřice cadastres (South Moravian Region). Available data and map resources were used for this purpose (historical and up-to-date). Data was processed using manual digitalisation which helped to generate the needed map output. The decrease in area of agricultural land is analysed in individual periods starting in the year 1824 (source of data stable cadastre - the first half of the 19th century) until the present, and the sealing of different types of plots and soil kinds is assessed according to Evaluated Soil-Ecological Units (ESEU). In most cases, agricultural land sealing is associated with municipal expansion. To compare future development, potential (forthcoming) agricultural land sealing proposed within the valid landscape plans was also explored. Likewise, the overall price of sealed plots in both locations was calculated. The results show that there was a significant change in the use of both model territories between 1824 and the present. In Modřice, the area of the built-up area was changed from 16 ha (1824) to 409 ha (2016). The area of the site has expanded from 90% to agricultural land. The most significant change in this area is the development of builtup areas on agricultural land. In the model territory of Dolní Věstonice, the area of the built-up area increased from 16 ha (1824) to 48 ha (2016). The area of the site has expanded from 70% to agricultural land. Due to the construction of water reservoirs “Nové Mlýny”, the area of water bodies increased by 569 ha (during the period 1824- 2016). The water reservoirs occupy 65% of the cadastral area of Dolní Věstonice. The most significant change in landscape is the increase in water areas in Dolní Věstonice. Should this trend persist, an extensive reduction in agricultural soil and ensuing problems associated with sustainable agriculture, potentially also deficient food resources must be anticipated.

Snížení vstupů dusíku a fosforu do povrchových vod z plošných zemědělských zdrojů vyžaduje cílené uplatňování diferencovaných opatření. V rámci studie zaměřené na ochranu půdy a vody v povodí Jihlavy nad vodním dílem Dalešice byly identifikovány oblasti s potenciálním rizikem vodní eroze, zrychlené infiltrace a vyplavování živin, odvodněné plochy a ohrožené příbřežní zóny vodních útvarů. Následně byl pro toto povodí navržen systém komplexních opatření ve více variantách a jejich účinnost byla odhadnuta pomocí jednoduchých empirických modelových výpočtů a na základě výzkumných poznatků. Realizace opatření obsažených v optimální variantě 3 by mohla v zájmovém povodí vést k omezení dopadů vodní eroze na kvalitu povrchových vod o 26,5 %, současně se snížením objemu vyplavovaného celkového dusíku o 22,8 %. Výsledky studie jsou dílčí součástí Jakostního modelu povodí Jihlavy a byly poskytnuty k využití Kraji Vysočina a Státnímu pozemkovému úřadu.

Příspěvek je zaměřen na současný stav pozemkových úprav v Česku. Výzkum vychází z dotazníkového šetření, distribuovaného elektronicky do obcí a k relevantním subjektům (zemědělské organizace, rolníci) v územích, kde pozemkové úpravy proběhly, probíhají nebo jsou připravovány. Individuální rolníci a představitelé obcí vnímají pozemkové úpravy jako opatření k průchodnosti krajiny, její ochranu před erozí a záplavami. Pro podniky jsou pozemkové úpravy důležité kvůli ujasnění vlastnických otázek a obnovení potřeb krajiny. Asi polovina respondentů je přesvědčena, že opatření přinášejí spíše pozitiva, zatímco 41% v nich spatřuje především problémy. Negativa, spojená s pozemkovými úpravami spočívají především v časových prodlevách a náročné administrativě; v případě podniků také v komplikacích s obhospodařováním půdy. Nicméně 75% malých rolníků a obcí a 62% zemědělských podniků mají zájem na pozemkových úpravách. Hlavní rozdíly mezi malými rolníky a zemědělskými podniky spočívají v postoji ke snižování rozlohy pozemků a jejich rozdělování společnými zařízeními.

The climate of Central Europe, mainly winter seasons with no snow cover at lower altitudes and a spring drought as well, might cause erosion events on heavy-textured soils. The aim of this paper is to define a universal method to identify the potential risk of wind erosion on heavy-textured soils. The categorization of potential wind erosion risk due to meteorological conditions is based on: (i) an evaluation of the number of freeze-thaw episodes forming bare soil surfaces during the cold period of year; and (ii), an evaluation of the number of days with wet soil surfaces during the cold period of year. In the period 2001–2012 (from November to March), episodes with temperature changes from positive to negative and vice versa (thaw-freeze and freeze-thaw cycles) and the effects of wet soil surfaces in connection with aggregate disintegration, are identified. The data are spatially interpolated by GIS tools for areas in the Czech Republic with heavy-textured soils. Blending critical categories is used to locate potential risks. The level of risk is divided into six classes. Those areas identified as potentially most vulnerable are the same localities where the highest number of erosive episodes on heavy-textured soils was documented.

The contribution presents the method of evaluation of rural landscape development in Hustopeče microregion by means of the analysis of landscape structure. Based on the computation of the values of landscape ecological indexes, development and typical and specific features in selected time horizons are interpreted. The time of the stable cadastre mapping (1825) was chosen as the initial period, other periods were the actual situation at present (2006) and the time between these two periods (the sixties of the 20th century). It is an agricultural landscape in southern Moravia used for intensive farming. Analysis results illustrate long-term continuing landscape utilization for agricultural production. All evaluative indexes indicate reduction of number of patches and edge effect, enlarging of patch area and, consequently, increasing of geometrical extent and coarse-grained landscape pattern.

The object of this paper deal with estimation of erosion rates by variants of R factor values. In the framework those work the hydrological analysis were done in watershed of Kamenice stream, after it was choice one of subcatchment area, where has been designed soil erosion control measures in two variants: for values of R factor ranged from 20 to 40. To all these construction variant cases was elaborate economic cost-benefit analysis expended on system erosion control measures with costs, which come up at removing damages at current state without soil erosion control.

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Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the Czech Republic, a significant amount of agricultural landscape nutrients is swept away by surface washes and leakages to subsoil. Subsequently there is a negative influence on surface water quality, where of course also point sources of pollution participate in. Flowing surface water often becomes stagnant while the certain self-purifying processes proceed both in the flowing and stagnant waters. It can be simultaneously stated that the self-purifying process is practically uncontrollable, primarily due to the impact of many entering factors. One of the environmental and technical elements providing quality improvement of water running off a water reservoir is deployment of constructed floating wetlands (CFW). The theoretical background, as well as the laboratory measurements carried out on the test land of the Brno University of Technology in experimental tanks, evidence the significant treatment efficiency of the CFW. Within the research activities, we focused on the general pollution parameters set for surface waters. The first results show that the total phosphorus concentration removal efficiency is 38.8 % after 22 days with employment of the CFW which is a considerably higher value compared to the lysimeter with no CFW where the removal efficiency was only 4.37 %. The results can be large-scale applied to most of the small water reservoirs situated in the agricultural landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]