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Atmospheric fungi spores investigated in Niğde province with the help of Burkard volumetric trap between January 2014 -December 2014. As total of 70 561 spores belonging to 39 Fungi taxa were counted. The taxa which were observed are the following Cladosporium, Alternaria, Melanomma, Leptosphaeria, Ustilago, Pleospora, Exosporium, Penicillium/Aspergillus, Elipsoidal basidyospores, Epicoccum, Drechslera, Stemphylium, Multi-septate ascospores, 1-septate ascospores, Myxomycetes, Pithomyces, Torula, Didymella, Puccinia, Chaetomium, Curvularia, Non-septate ascospores, Oidium, Nigrospora, Periconia, Diatrypaceae, Venturia, Arthrinium, Xylaria, Agrocybe, Fusarium, Botrytis, Peronospora, Coprinus, Sporormiella, Tetracoccosporium, Exosporiella, Melanospora and Boletus. The concentration of spores which was determined in the atmosphere was 69,46% Cladosporium, 7,21% Alternaria, 2,98% Melanomma, 2,69% Leptosphaeria, 2,28% Ustilago, 2,15% Pleospora, 1,98% Exosporium, and the remaining 11.09% belong to 32 taxa which named as an others.

Although airborne pollen is invisible to the eye, it has been known as a major source to respiratory allergic reactions. For this reason, relationship between the morphological characteristics of airborne pollen and their potential tendency as an allergen are still obscure. In the present study, we selected 29 allergenic species at Beşevler 10. year campus and investigated their detail pollen characteristics using light and scanning electron microscopies. 11 of the allergic plants on campus are also important for beekeeping.

73 taxa of the genus Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) from Turkey have been investigated using light stereomicroscope (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to describe their seed morphological characteristics and to evaluate the diagnostic value of these features as a contribution to the genus systematics. The seeds are oblong, ellipsoid, ovoid or obovoid in shape and light or dark brown, blackish-brown to black in colour. The seed length ranges from 0.41 to 2.04 mm and seed width from 0.24 to 1.33 mm. All investigated taxa have bireticulate-alveolate ornamentation with vesicles on the corners of secondary reticulum cells except of S. zuvandica. The alveoli are oblong, orbicular and linear with a size of 7.63-143.1 x 21.62-314.2 mu m. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis have been used to determine the contribution of seed morphological characters to the taxa relationships. Numerical analysis has revealed that the seed size and the secondary reticulum properties have significant importance in taxonomy of the genus for distinguishing taxa from each other.

The growth of urban areas and the impact of urban ecosystems on public health and urban sustainability are very important in big cities. The United Nations predicts that 60% of the world's population will live in cities by 2030. More than 10-15 million Turkish people suffer from pollen allergy and pollen allergy poses a major risk for humans. Pollen allergy induces bronchitis, bronchial asthma and may even be life-threatening. Thus, pollen allergies greatly affect the daily life of individuals. But nowadays, The allergenicity of plants, however, is often neglected. In this paper are suggested that the major causes of this extensive allergenicity, including: the presence of exotic and invasive species, the mutual effect between allergenic pollen and air pollutants, cross-reactivity between allergenic species and the choice of male plant which produce a lot of allergenic pollen individuals in dioecious species and the guidelines created by the study contain eight recommendations that, if implemented by city planners and local authorities, would reduce the effects of pollen on people living and working in cities

Morphological features of pollen of 11 Turkish taxa belonging to the complex genus Seseli L. were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of exine sculpturing, 3 main types were recognised in Seseli: Type 1, rugulate at equator, psilate-perforate at pole; Type 2, striate-reticulate at equator, rugulate at pole; and Type 3, rugulate at equator, striate at pole. The study revealed that palynological characters display taxonomic significance in the genus.

Seeds of 17 species of Aethionema R.Br. (Brassicaceae) from various regions in Turkey were examined with a scanning electron microscope and light microscope. Based on seed features such as shape, colour and surface ornamentation pattern, 4 morphological types were recognized. The different seed types are described, illustrated compared and their taxonomic importance is discussed.

i ÖZET DOKTORA TEZİ TÜRKİYE CHENOPODIACEAE FAMİLYASI ÜZERİNDE PANLİNOLOJİL BİR ARAŞTIRMA Nur Münevver PINAR Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bitimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anahilim Pah Danışman : Prof. Dr. özden 1NCEOGLU 1994 Sayfa 111 Jüri : Prof. Dr. Özden İNCEOGLU Prof. Dr. Ender Yurdakulol Doç. Dr. Mecit Vural Bu araştırmada, dış morfolojik özeliklerine göre, teşhis edilme sinde zorluk çekilen Chenopodium L.ye ait 12 tür, Atriplex L.' nin 11 türü, Salicornia L.'nın 2 türü ve Suaeda L. cinsinin de 8 türünün polen morfolojileri ışık ve elektron mikroskoplarında karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Her taksonun ayrı ayrı palinolojik tanımları yapılmış ve taksonomik problemlerinin palinolojik bilgilerle tür seviyesinde çözümünde por sayılan ve polen büyüklükleri diagnostik karakter olarak kabul edilmiştir. Polen çaplarının büyüklüklerine ve por sayılarına göre Chenopodium türleri 5 tipe, Atriplex 4 tipe ve Suaeda 3 tipe ayrılmıştır. Cins seviyesinde yalnız Atriplex ve Chenopodium cinsleri birbirlerinden ornementasyon özelliklerine göre ayrılabilmiştir. Atriplex cinsinde belirli granulatae olan ornementasyon, Chenopodium cinsinde daha az belirgin granulatae' dir. Suaeda cinsi ise bu iki taksondan por çaplarının küçük olması ile ayrılabilmişdir. Salicornia cinsinin tür sayısı iki adet olduğu için, bu cinslerden ayırabilen kesin özellikler bulunamamıştır. ANAHTAR KELİMELER : Chenopodium L., Atriplex L, Salicornia L-, Suaeda L., polen, polen morfolojisi, transmisyon (geçirmeli) elektron mikroskobu, skenning elektron mikroskobu. 11 ABSTRACT PhD Thesis ON THE POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF TURKISH CHENOPODIACEAE Nur Münevver PINAR Ankara university Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Department of Biology 1994. Page: 111 Jurry : Prof Dr. özden 1NCEOGLU ProfDr. Ender Yurdakulol Assoc Prof Dr. Mecit Vural The pollen morphological features of 12 Chenopodium L. species, 11 Atriplex L. species, 2 SalicorniaL. species and 8 Suaeda L. species whose morphological seperation is difficult have been examined comparatively through the light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Each taxon has then been described palynologically. Significant differences between species have been found-with respect to grain size and pore number. According to these features certain pollen types have been defined for the genera; 5 types for Chenopodium, 4 types for Atriplex and 3 types for Suaeda. It is suggested that Chenopodium and Atriplex can be seperated palynologically. In the former distinctly granulatae ornamentation has been observed, where as in the latter obscuraly granulatae ornamentation has been recorded. On the other hand, in the genus Suaeda pore size smaller than that in Chenopodium and Atriplex. As only two species of Salicornia have been studied, this genus could not be distinguished from other genera examined. KEYWORDS : Chenopodium L., Atriplex L., Salicornia L., Suaeda L., pollen, pollen morphology, transmission electron microscopy, scan ning electron microscopy. 112