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Positive membrane tension in the stretched plasma membrane of cells and in the stretched lipid bilayer of vesicles has been well analyzed quantitatively, whereas there is limited quantitative information on negative membrane tension in compressed plasma membranes and lipid bilayers. Here, we examined negative membrane tension quantitatively. First, we developed a theory to describe negative membrane tension by analyzing the free energy of lipid bilayers to obtain a theoretical equation for negative membrane tension. This allowed us to obtain an equation describing the negative membrane tension (σosm) for giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) in hypertonic solutions due to negative osmotic pressure (Π). Then, we experimentally estimated the negative membrane tension for GUVs in hypertonic solutions by measuring the rate constant (kr) of rupture of the GUVs induced by the constant tension (σex) due to an external force as a function of σex. We found that larger σex values were required to induce the rupture of GUVs under negative Π compared with GUVs in isotonic solution and quantitatively determined the negative membrane tension induced by Π (σosm) by the difference between these σex values. At small negative Π, the experimental values of negative σosm agree with their theoretical values within experimental error, but as negative Π increases, the deviation increases. Negative tension increased the stability of GUVs because higher tensions were required for GUV rupture, and the rate constant of antimicrobial peptide magainin 2-induced pore formation decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is an increasingly prevalent disease. The development of an osteoporosis-like experimental animal model is of great importance for the study of peri-implant osteogenesis in osteoporosis. The present authors aimed to establish a rapid modeling method of osteoporotic rabbits for implant-bone analysis and validate whether the models can affect the implant osseointegration. The present study included 29 female New Zealand rabbits (age: 5 to 6 months). Two rabbits were lost during anesthetization. Of the remaining 27 rabbits, 18 received an ovariectomy, with 9 receiving dexamethasone injections for 8 weeks (OVX+D group) and 9 receiving equivalent-volume saline injections (OVX group). As a control group, the remaining 9 rabbits were sham-operated and received an equivalent volume of normal saline (SHAM group). Then, serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism were detected and densitometric measurements were performed. Implants were then placed in the tibias of each rabbit. Bone samples (including implants) were obtained after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of healing and were subjected to histologic and histomorphometric analyses. The results showed that the OVX+D group experienced a 32% reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) from baseline. The BMD of the OVX+D group was significantly lower than that of the SHAM and OVX groups. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) blood concentrations of in the OVX+D group were increased significantly. The osteoporotic rabbits exhibited marked decreases in osseointegration, characterized by slowed bone formation and decreased bone-to-implant contact (BIC). The combination of an ovariectomy and dexamethasone injections could experimentally induce osteoporosis in rabbits in the short term, which can be used as an appropriate animal model to study the osseointegration of implants under osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study clinically and histologically evaluated the outcome of a porcineapatite xenograft used to elevate the maxillary sinus floor in a severely atrophic ridge. A two-stage crestal window sinus elevation protocol was conducted in 24 patients with crestal bone ≤ 2 mm. Highly porous porcine carbonate apatite moistened with saline solution was placed in the elevated sinus cavity as the sole grafting material. Bone core biopsy samples were taken at 6, 9, and 12 months after sinus augmentation surgery (at implant placement). Treatment outcomes were assessed using microCT (μCT) and histologic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by post-hoc Dunn multiple comparison test. At 6 months after implant placement, all implants achieved good primary stability (insertion torque ≥ 30 Ncm) and successfully osseointegrated. The residual graft amount (mean ± SE) was low (11.91% ± 1.99%) at 6 months and further decreased (6.11% ± 2.64%) by 12 months. On the contrary, the amount of new bone detected was 18.94% ± 4.08% at 6 months and was significantly (P < .05) increased (40.16% ± 5.27%) at 12 months. Histologic assessment revealed osteoclasts actively resorbing the graft as well as osteoblasts actively forming new bone. In the severely atrophic maxilla, the porcine-apatite xenograft promotes new bone formation while being slowly absorbed. Within the limited sample size, the porcine-apatite xenograft seems to be a good graft material for crestal window sinus augmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Saline vaginal douching prior to intravaginal prostaglandin application might increase the vaginal pH, leading to improvement of prostaglandin bioavailability, by which the outcomes of labor induction can be greatly improved. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of vaginal washing with normal saline before insertion of vaginal prostaglandin for labor induction. Study Design A systematic search was done in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science from inception to March 2022. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared vaginal washing using normal saline versus no vaginal washing in the control group before intravaginal prostaglandin insertion during labor induction. We used RevMan software for our meta-analysis. Our main outcomes were the duration of intravaginal prostaglandin application, duration from intravaginal prostaglandin insertion to active phase of labor, duration from intravaginal prostaglandin insertion till total cervical dilatation, labor induction failure rate, incidence of cesarean section (CS), and rates of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and fetal infection postdelivery. Results Five RCTs were retrieved with a total number of 842 patients. Duration of prostaglandin application, duration from prostaglandin insertion to active phase of labor, and time interval from prostaglandin insertion to total cervical dilatation were significantly shorter among vaginal washing group (p < 0.05). Vaginal douching prior to prostaglandin insertion significantly decreased the incidence of failed labor induction (p < 0.001). After the removal of reported heterogeneity, vaginal washing was linked to a significant decline in CS incidence (p = 0.04). In addition, the rates of NICU admission and fetal infection were significantly lower in the vaginal washing group (p < 0.001). Conclusion Vaginal washing with normal saline before intravaginal prostaglandin insertion is a useful and easily applicable method for labor induction with good outcomes. Key Points Induction of labor is frequently used in the obstetrics field. We assessed vaginal washing impact before prostaglandin insertion for labor induction. Vaginal washing is an easily applicable method for labor induction with good outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excellent mechanical strength and biodegradable characteristics of magnesium alloys have sparked considerable interest in orthopedic applications. The utilization of magnesium alloys in orthopedic applications has been restricted due to their brittleness caused by high corrosion rate in biological environments. One of the best techniques for increasing corrosion resistance of these alloys is surface coating. For the first time, the present work aims to dip-coat zein-bioactive glass (BG) nanocomposite on AZ31B magnesium alloy. The alloy surface was also coated by native zein as a control coating. BG nanoparticles required for zein and BG (zein_BG) composite were synthesized by a bio-inspired method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template. The formation of BG particles was affirmed by FTIR showing characteristic Si-O-Si and Si-O– peaks. Nano-size of BG particles with an average diameter of 6.67 ± 0.06 nm was reported by TEM. SEM micrographs revealed successful deposition of zein and zein_BG coatings on the magnesium alloy surfaces. High-resolution XPS analysis on zein_BG-coated Mg alloy immersed in HBSS revealed the corrosion deposition of Mg(OH)2, MgHPO4.H2O, CaHPO4.H2O, SiO2, MgCO3, and CaCO3 on the substrate surface. More than twofold wettability, 95% adhesion strength and 14-fold increase in surface roughness were reported for zein_BG-coated magnesium alloy compared to the bare surface. Measurements of weight loss in zein and zein_BG-coated alloy substrates in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) for 10 d at 37°C showed a drastic decrease in weight loss of substrates after coating. As a result, zein_BG-coated substrate was observed to possess the maximum protective efficacy (95.99%) against corrosion. Interestingly, electrochemical measurements revealed a vast decrease in corrosion current density (2.41 E−6 A.cm−2) of zein_BG-coated substrate compared to the uncoated substrate (3.04 E−4 A.cm−2). Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) confirmed capacitive behavior of zein_BG-coated alloy substrate. These findings demonstrated that simple zein_BG composite dip coating was a successful corrosion-resistant implant coating on magnesium alloy surface for orthopedic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of ghrelin on oxidative stress, working memory, inflammatory parameters, and neuron degeneration. TBI was produced with the weight-drop technique. Rats in the G+TBI and TBI+G groups received ghrelin for 7 or 2 days, respectively. The control group received saline. On the 8th day of the study, the brain and blood tissue were taken under anesthesia. A significant increase in brain GSH-PX, MDA, IL-1β, TGF-β1, and IL-8 levels and a significant decrease in CAT levels were found in the TBI group compared to the control. Serum MDA, GSH, IL-1β, and IL-8 levels were increased with TBI. Ghrelin treatment after TBI significantly increased the serum GSH, CAT, GSH-PX, and brain GSH and CAT levels, while it significantly decreased the serum MDA, IL-1β, and brain MDA, TGF-β1, and IL-8 levels. Histological evaluations revealed that ghrelin treatment led to a reduction in inflammation, while also significantly ameliorating TBI-induced neuron damage and vascular injuries. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that GFAP staining intensity was significantly increased in the cortex and hippocampus in TBI, and GFAP immunoreactivity was decreased with ghrelin treatment. The results from this study suggested that ghrelin may have curative effects on TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: After hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns, lipid peroxidation is an important factor in tissue edema and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Many studies have shown that valproic acid (VPA) inhibits lipid peroxidation and reduces tissue and organ injury. Objectives: This study investigated whether the VPA treatment of scalded rats reduced tissue edema by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, thereby improving organ function and survival rate. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing: 280–300 g) with a 50% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness dermal burn were randomly assigned to the following 3 groups (with 20 rats per group): (I) the no infusion resuscitation (NR) group; (II) the sodium lactate Ringer's solution (LR) group; and (III) the sodium valproate Ringer's solution (VR) group. After scalding, the following hemodynamic parameters were measured: Copper2+-Zinc2+-superoxide dismutase (Cu2+-Zn2+-SOD) activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH), and antioxidant enzyme activities. Organ function parameters and water content were also measured. Another 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to observe the 24-h survival rate of the rats using the same scald model and fluid resuscitation. Results: VPA significantly increased the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO), and significantly decreased the pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) and extravascular lung water index (ELWI). VPA also increased plasma Cu2+-Zn2+-SOD activity and decreased the plasma TBARS level. VPA reduced the TBARS level and GSSG in various tissues and increased the concentration of GSH. VPA decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activity, but significantly increased glutathione reductase (GR) activity in various tissues. VPA significantly improved organ functions and decreased water content. VPA significantly improved the survival rate, and the 24-h survival rate of the VR group was double that of the LR group. Conclusion: Resuscitation with VPA reduced tissue edema, protected visceral functions, and improved the survival rate of rats with severe burn shock (BS) by alleviating lipid peroxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan-based scaffolds offer significant potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Whilst exhibiting great bio-regenerative and biocompatible properties, their mechanical properties remain quite poor. The presented research is focused on the modification of macroporous chitosan scaffolds with various amounts of bioactive ceramics (hydroxyapatite) and its influence on the physical and rheological properties of the composite scaffold. Chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with a highly porous microstructure have been prepared by suspending hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles into the chitosan matrix. According to SEM imaging, homogeneous dispersion of the inorganic phase in a chemically-crosslinked chitosan matrix had been achieved. The obtained composite scaffolds exhibited lower swelling capacity with respect to pure chitosan after 24 h of incubation in Hanks’ balanced salt solution. Rheological measurements show an increase in storage and loss modulus indicating an improvement in mechanical properties under shear stress. Furthermore, no significant change in loss factor (tanδ) was observed indicating no change in composite viscoelastic properties with an increase in HAp content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the tribocorrosion performance of a cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy prepared using casting and electromagnetic stirring (EMS) at specific frequencies. The tribocorrosion behaviour of the alloy was evaluated when exposed to Ringer's lactate solution to optimize the EMS parameters and improve its properties. The research focuses on biomedical implant applications and explores how EMS affects alloy wear and corrosion resistance. As did the friction coefficient and wear volume, the wear rate of samples produced with EMS frequencies of 75 Hz and 150 Hz decreased. These improvements are attributed to the ability of EMS to refine grain size and homogenize the microstructure, thereby increasing the resistance to tribocorrosion. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profilometry were used for surface and wear analysis, while mechanical properties were evaluated through instrumented indentation tests. The findings confirm that EMS improves the alloy's durability and tribocorrosion resistance, making it highly suitable for demanding biomedical applications such as joint replacements. This highlights the importance of advanced manufacturing techniques in optimizing biomedical alloys for simulated body conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims The treatment with the antibiotic rifampicin (Rif) led to a decrease in the frequency of neurodegenerative pathologies. There are suggestions that the mechanism of action of Rif may be mediated by its effect on toll-like receptor (TLR)4-dependent pathways. We evaluated the expression status of TLR4-dependent genes during abstinence from long-term alcohol treatments in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the rat brain, and also studied the effects of Rif to correct these changes. Methods The long-term alcohol treatment was performed by intragastric delivery of ethanol solution. At the end of alcohol treatment intraperitoneal injections of Rif (100 mg/kg) or saline were made. Extraction of the brain structures was performed on the 10th day of abstinence from alcohol. We used the SYBR Green qPCR method to quantitatively analyze the relative expression levels of the studied genes. Results The long-term alcohol treatment promotes an increase in the level of TLR4 mRNA and mRNA of its endogenous ligand high-mobility group protein B1 during abstinence drop alcohol in NAc of rats. The use of Rif in our study led to a decrease in the increased expression of high-mobility group protein B1, Tlr4, and proinflammatory cytokine genes (Il1β, Il6) in the NAc of the rat brain during abstinence of long-term alcohol treatment. In addition, Rif administration increased the decreased mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (Il10, Il11). Conclusion The data obtained indicate the ability of Rif to correct the mechanisms of the TLR4 system genes in the NAc of the rat brain during alcohol abstinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the fabrication and characterization of hexagonal titanium dioxide nanotubes (hTNTs) compared to compact TiO2 layers, focusing on their structural, electrochemical, corrosion, and mechanical properties. The fabrication process involved the sonoelectrochemical anodization of titanium foil in various electrolytes to obtain titanium oxide layers with different morphologies. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of well-ordered hexagonal TNTs with diagonals in the range of 30–95 nm and heights in the range of 3500–4000 nm (35,000–40,000 Å). The electrochemical measurements performed in 3.5% NaCl and Ringer's solution confirmed a more positive open-circuit potential, a lower impedance, a higher electrical conductivity, and a higher corrosion rate of hTNTs compared to the compact TiO2. The data revealed a major drop in the impedance modulus of hTNTs, with a diagonal of 46 ± 8 nm by 97% in 3.5% NaCl and 96% in Ringer's solution compared to the compact TiO2. Nanoindentation tests revealed that the mechanical properties of the hTNTs were influenced by their diagonal size, with decreasing hardness and Young's modulus observed with an increasing diagonal size of the hTNTs, accompanied by increased plastic deformation. Overall, these findings suggest that hTNTs exhibit promising structural and electrochemical properties, making them potential candidates for various applications, including biosensor platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physiological 0.9% saline is commonly used as an irrigation fluid in modern arthroscopy. There is a growing body of evidence that a hyperosmolar saline solution has chondroprotective effects, especially if iatrogenic injury occurs. Purpose: To (1) corroborate the superiority of a hyperosmolar saline solution regarding chondrocyte survival after mechanical injury and (2) observe the modulatory response of articular cartilage to osmotic stress and injury. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Osteochondral explants were isolated from bovine stifle joints and exposed to either 0.9% saline (308 mOsm) or hyperosmolar saline (600 mOsm) and then damaged with a sharp dermatome blade to attain a confined full-thickness cartilage injury site, incubated in the same fluids for another 3 hours, and transferred to chondropermissive medium for further culture for 1 week. Chondrocyte survival was assessed by confocal imaging, while the cellular response was evaluated over 1 week by relative gene expression for apoptotic and inflammatory markers and mediator release into the medium. Results: The full-thickness cartilage cut resulted in a confined zone of cell death that mainly affected superficial zone chondrocytes. Injured samples that were exposed to hyperosmolar saline showed less expansion of cell death in both the axial (P <.007) and the coronal (P <.004) plane. There was no progression of cell death during the following week of culture. Histological assessment revealed an intact cartilage matrix and normal chondrocyte morphology. Inflammatory and proapoptotic genes were upregulated on the first days postexposure with a notable downregulation toward day 7. Mediator release into the medium was concentrated on day 3. Conclusion: This in vitro cartilage injury model provides further evidence for the chondroprotective effect of a hyperosmolar saline irrigation fluid, as well as novel data on the capability of articular cartilage to quickly regain joint homeostasis after osmotic stress and injury. Clinical Relevance: Raising the osmolarity of an irrigating solution may be a simple and safe strategy to protect articular cartilage during arthroscopic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the intracellular and extracellular volume before and after anesthesia in order to ascertain their variations and determine the potential utility of this information in optimizing intraoperative fluid administration practices. A bioimpedance spectroscopy device (body composition monitor, BCM) was used to measure total body fluid volume, extracellular volume, and intracellular volume. BCM measurements were performed before and after general anesthesia in unselected healthy children and adolescents visiting the Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland for low-risk surgical procedures hydrated with an isotonic solution. In 100 children and adolescents aged 7.0 (4.8–11) years (median and interquartile range), the average total body water increased perioperatively with a delta value of 182 (0–383) mL/m2 from pre- to postoperatively, as well as the extracellular water content, which had a similar increase with a delta value of 169 (19–307) mL/m2. The changes in total body water and extracellular water content significantly correlated with the amount of fluids administered. The intracellular water content did not significantly change. Conclusion: Intraoperative administration of isotonic solutions results in a significant fluid accumulation in low-risk schoolchildren during general anesthesia. The results suggest that children without major health problems undergoing short procedures do not need any perioperative intravenous fluid therapy, because they are allowed to take clear fluids up to 1 h prior anesthesia. In future studies, the use of BCM measurements has the potential to be valuable in guiding intraoperative fluid therapy. What is Known: • Most children who undergo common surgical interventions or investigations requiring anesthesia are nowadays hydrated at a rate of 1700 mL/m2/day with an isotonic solution. • The use bioimpedance spectroscopy for the assessment of fluid status in healthy children has already been successfully validated. • The bioimpedance spectroscopy is already currently widely used in various nephrological settings to calculate fluid overload and determine patient's optimal fluid status. What is New: • Routine intraoperative fluid administration results in a significant fluid accumulation during general anesthesia in low-risk surgical procedures. • This observation might be relevant for children and adolescents with conditions predisposing to fluid retention. • In future studies, the use of BCM measurements has the potential to be valuable in guiding intraoperative fluid therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Sepsis management in children is crucial, especially in emergency services. This study aims to evaluate Thai physicians' knowledge gaps in the emergency management of sepsis in children and to evaluate their adherence to the current sepsis clinical practice guidelines. (2) Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey of Thai physicians' management of septic shock in children. The survey was conducted through online questionnaires from March 2019–April 2019. (3) Results: Of the 366 responders, 362 (98.9%) were completed. Most of the responders were general practitioners (89.2%) and pediatricians (10.8%). The time from positive sepsis screening to being evaluated by physicians within 15 min was reported by 83.9%. The most common choice of fluid resuscitation was normal saline solution (77.3%). The practice of a fluid loading dose (20 mL/kg) consistent with the guidelines was 56.3%. The selection of the first vasoactive agent in warm shock (norepinephrine) and cold shock (epinephrine) according to recommendations in the guidelines was 74.3% and 36.2%, respectively. There was a significant difference between general practitioners and pediatricians in terms of knowledge about initial fluid resuscitation and the optimal vasoactive agent in cold shock (p-value < 0.001). In the multivariate model, factors associated with the guideline-based decision-making of vasoactive agent choice for cold shock were specialist training (pediatrician) and the completion of sepsis management training certification, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 7.81 and 2.96, but working experience greater than ten years was inconsistent with the guideline-based decision-making (AOR 0.14). (4) Conclusions: Thai clinicians were unfamiliar with pediatric sepsis therapy standards, specifically the quantity of early fluid resuscitation and the appropriate vasoactive medications for cold shock. To encourage adherence to the guidelines, we propose a regularly required training course on pediatric sepsis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a sizable niche for a minimally invasive analgesic technique that could facilitate ambulatory video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Our study aimed to determine the analgesic potential of a single-shot erector spinae plane (ESP) block for VATS. The primary objective was the total hydromorphone consumption with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) 24 h after surgery. Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled, double-blind study with patients scheduled for VATS in two major university-affiliated hospital centres. We randomized 52 patients into two groups: a single-shot ESP block using bupivacaine or an ESP block with normal saline (control). We administered a preoperative and postoperative (24 h) quality of recovery (QoR-15) questionnaire and assessed postoperative pain using a verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) score. We evaluated the total standardized intraoperative fentanyl administration, total postoperative hydromorphone consumption (PCA; primary endpoint), and the incidence of adverse effects. Results: There was no difference in the primary objective, hydromorphone consumption at 24 h (7.6 (4.4) mg for the Bupivacaine group versus 8.1 (4.2) mg for the Control group). Secondary objectives and incidence of adverse events were not different between the two groups at any time during the first 24 h following surgery. Conclusion: Our multi-centre randomized, controlled, double-blinded study found no advantage of an ESP block over placebo for VATS for opioid consumption, pain, or QoR-15 scores. Further studies are ongoing to establish the benefits of using a denser block (single-shot paravertebral with a continuous ESP block), which may provide a better quality of analgesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the effects of a fortified balanced salt solution (fSS) and Ringer's lactate solution (Ringer) on anterior chamber (AC) inflammation in patients undergoing phacoemulsification. Setting: Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China. Design: Prospective masked controlled trial. Methods: 80 patients (40 patients with regular cataract and 40 cataract patients with diabetes mellitus [DM]) were randomized to receive either fSS (n = 40) or Ringer's solution (n = 40). Anteriorsegment optical coherence tomography was used to evaluate AC cells and flare. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) immunofluorescence were used for tight junction examination. Monocytic leukemia cell line (Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 [THP-1]) transmigration assay was performed to observe the effects of the 2 perfusates on the inflammatory response in vitro. Results: In patients with regular cataracts, postoperative AC cells and flare on the 1st and 7th days were not significantly different between the Ringer and fSS groups. However, in cataract patients with DM, AC cells were higher in the Ringer group than in the fSS group (P = .003) on postoperative day 1. The AC flare was also significantly higher in the Ringer group than in the fSS group (P < .0001). No significant differences between the groups were observed on day 7. Compared with Ringer, fSS increased the TEER value and ZO-1 content and reduced the adhesion of THP-1 cells. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that early postoperative AC inflammation is more severe in patients with cataracts and DM. In addition, fSS attenuates inflammation by protecting the blood-aqueous barrier and inhibiting the exudation of inflammatory cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut–brain axis is increasingly understood to play a role in neuropsychiatric disorders. The probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri and products of tryptophan degradation, specifically the neuroactive kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA), have received special attention in this context. We, therefore, assessed relevant features of KP metabolism, namely, the cellular uptake of the pivotal metabolite kynurenine and its conversion to its primary products KYNA, 3-hydroxykynurenine and anthranilic acid in L. reuteri by incubating the bacteria in Hank's Balanced Salt solution in vitro. Kynurenine readily entered the bacterial cells and was preferentially converted to KYNA, which was promptly released into the extracellular milieu. De novo production of KYNA increased linearly with increasing concentrations of kynurenine (up to 1 mM) and bacteria (107 to 109 CFU/mL) and with incubation time (1–3 h). KYNA neosynthesis was blocked by two selective inhibitors of mammalian kynurenine aminotransferase II (PF-048559989 and BFF-122). In contrast to mammals, however, kynurenine uptake was not influenced by other substrates of the mammalian large neutral amino acid transporter, and KYNA production was not affected by the presumed competitive enzyme substrates (glutamine and α-aminoadipate). Taken together, these results reveal substantive qualitative differences between bacterial and mammalian KP metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to observe the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by creating ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) on the rat groin flap. Materials and Methods: Forty Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. Subjects were examined in four groups: sham control, physiologic saline control, ischemia, and H2S group. Superficial epigastric artery pedicled island flap skin flaps were applied to all groups. In the sham control group, the flap was sutured into place without ischemia. In the ischemia group, no additional intervention was made to the flap before ischemia. In the saline control group, 1 mg/kg saline was administered through the tail vein 20 min before ischemia. In the H2S group, liquid H2S was administered through the tail vein 20 min before ischemia, with a final concentration of 10 µM. After the rats were sacrificed, tissue samples were taken. Neutrophil count and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured and IRI in the tissue was evaluated under an electron microscope. Results: Neutrophil count and MDA levels were statistically significantly different between the sham control group and the other groups (P < 0.001). However, the difference between the H2S, SF control, and ischemia groups in terms of neutrophil count and MDA levels was not statistically significant. Electron microscopic examinations showed that the H2S group was protected at the cellular level against IRI and apoptosis. Discussion: As a result of this study, the protective effects of H2S against IRI were seen at the cellular level using electron microscopy. However, due to the long ischemia time (6 h), it was observed that it did not affect tissue neutrophil counts and MDA levels, the end product of lipid peroxidation. We believe that if new studies involving different ischemia times with H2S are conducted, H2S can be used in clinical applications in free flap surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the optimal current and time of electrolytic cleaning (EC), compare its biofilm removal effect with generic treatments and evaluate the influence of EC to surface characteristics and osteogenic potential of SLA titanium (Ti) discs. Materials and Methods: The six‐species biofilm‐covered Ti discs were placed as cathodes in physiologic saline and subjected to various current and time treatments. The residual biofilms were evaluated to determine the optimal parameters. The contaminated Ti discs were randomized and treated by rotating Ti brush; ultrasonic‐scaling with metal tips; ultrasonic‐scaling with PEEK tips; air‐polishing and EC. The residual biofilms were compared using a lipopolysaccharide kit (LPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy and colony‐forming unit counting. Non‐contaminated Ti discs were treated and characterized. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured on treated non‐contaminated Ti discs. The adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin level of BMSCs were assessed. Results: The parameters at 0.6A5min were considered optimal. For LPS and SEM, EC promoted a significantly greater biofilm removal than the other groups. There were no changes in the Ti discs' colour, topography, roughness and chemical elements after EC, and the electrolysis‐treated Ti discs obtained a super‐hydrophilic surface. EC positively impacted the proliferation and ALP activity of BMSCs, surpassing the efficacy of alternative treatments. Conclusions: EC achieves a near‐complete eradication of contaminants on the SLA surface, causes no surface damage with improved hydrophilicity, and promotes the early osteogenic response of BMSCs, which makes it a promising treatment for peri‐implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders that can affect a person’s mood and change his/her perception of the self and environment. Melilotus officinalis L. plant contains effective substances and antioxidant compounds. Objective The present study aims to investigate the antidepressant effects of alcoholic extract of Melilotus officinalis L. in male rats. Methods In this experimental research, 42 male rats were divided into six groups of 7 including control (normal saline), negative control (reserpine), positive control (reserpine+fluoxetine) and three reserpine groups treated by intraperitoneal injection of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg doses of alcoholic extract of Melilotus officinalis L. Behavioral tests including forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used to evaluate depression, and the antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde level were also measured. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 20 using one-way analysis of variance. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Results The 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses of alcoholic extract significantly reduced the duration of immobility in the FST compared to the negative control. In the TST, the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed a significant increase compared to the negative control. The doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of the brain compared to the negative control. The doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the antioxidant capacity of the brain compared to the negative control. Conclusion The alcoholic extract of Melilotus officinalis L has antidepressant effects similar to fluoxetine probably due to its antioxidant compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of combining sericin with swimming exercise as a treatment for type-I collagenase-induced Achilles tendinopathy (AT) in rats, with a focus on inflammatory cytokines. An experimental AT model was established using type-I collagenase in male Sprague–Dawley rats, categorized into five groups: Group 1 (Control + Saline), Group 2 (AT), Group 3 (AT + exercise), Group 4 (AT + sericin), and Group 5 (AT + sericin + exercise). Intratendinous sericin administration (0.8 g/kg/mL) took place from days 3 to 6, coupled with 30 min daily swimming exercise sessions (5 days/week, 4 weeks). Serum samples were analyzed using ELISA for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and total antioxidant-oxidant status (TAS-TOS), alongside histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of Achilles tendon samples. Elevated TNF-α and IL-1β and decreased IL-10 levels were evident in Group 2; Of these, TNF-α and IL-1β were effectively reduced and IL-10 increased across all treatment groups, particularly groups 4 and 5. Serum TAS was notably lower in Group 2 and significantly increased in Group 5 compared to Group 2. Histopathologically, Group 2 displayed severe degeneration, irregular fibers, and round cell nuclei, while Group 5 exhibited decreased degeneration and spindle-shaped fibers. The Bonar score increased in Group 2 and decreased in groups 4 and 5. Collagen type-I alpha-1 (Col1A1) expression was notably lower in Group 2 (P = 0.001) and significantly increased in groups 4 and 5 compared to Group 2 (P = 0.011 and 0.028, respectively). This study underscores the potential of sericin and swimming exercises in mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress linked to AT pathogenesis, presenting a promising combined therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retromer prevents the destruction of numerous receptors by recycling them from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network or plasma membrane. This enables retromer to fine-tune the activity of many signaling pathways in parallel. However, the mechanism(s) by which retromer function adapts to environmental fluctuations such as nutrient withdrawal and how this affects the fate of its cargoes remains incompletely understood. Here, we reveal that macroautophagy/autophagy inhibition by MTORC1 controls the abundance of retromer+ endosomes under nutrient-replete conditions. Autophagy activation by chemical inhibition of MTOR or nutrient withdrawal does not affect retromer assembly or its interaction with the RAB7 GAP protein TBC1D5, but rather targets these endosomes for bulk destruction following their capture by phagophores. This process appears to be distinct from amphisome formation. TBC1D5 and its ability to bind to retromer, but not its C-terminal LC3-interacting region (LIR) or nutrient-regulated dephosphorylation, is critical for retromer to be captured by autophagosomes following MTOR inhibition. Consequently, endosomal recycling of its cargoes to the plasma membrane and trans-Golgi network is impaired, leading to their lysosomal turnover. These findings demonstrate a mechanistic link connecting nutrient abundance to receptor homeostasis. Abbreviations: AMPK, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid beta precursor protein; ATG, autophagy related; BafA, bafilomycin A1; CQ, chloroquine; DMEM, Dulbecco's minimum essential medium; DPBS, Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline; EBSS, Earle's balanced salt solution; FBS, fetal bovine serum; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; LIR, LC3-interacting region; LANDO, LC3-associated endocytosis; LP, leupeptin and pepstatin; MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1, MTOR complex 1; nutrient stress, withdrawal of amino acids and serum; PDZ, DLG4/PSD95, DLG1, and TJP1/zo-1; RPS6, ribosomal protein S6; RPS6KB1/S6K1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SLC2A1/GLUT1, solute carrier family 2 member 1; SORL1, sortillin related receptor 1; SORT1, sortillin 1; SNX, sorting nexin; TBC1D5, TBC1 domain family member 5; ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WASH, WASH complex subunit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to evaluate the effect of glucose-containing crystalloid infusion before anesthesia induction on hemodynamics and postanesthesia complications. Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 parturient cases scheduled for elective Cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia who were referred to the teaching hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Iran). The parturients were randomized into two groups. Both groups received 5 - 7 mL/kg of intravenous bolus serum before spinal anesthesia. The parturients in the glucose-containing normal saline (GcNS) group received 1% glucose solution in normal saline. The normal saline (NS) group received only normal saline. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), blood glucose concentrations, neonatal Apgar scores, postanesthesia complications, and ephedrine and atropine consumption were evaluated. Results: Sixty patients were recruited (30 in each group), with a mean age of 29.14 ± 6.01 and 29.76 ± 6.15 years in the GcNS and NS groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in SBP, DBP, or HR after baseline adjustment. The incidence of hypotension was higher in the NS (70.0%) compared to the GcNS group (46.6%), but the difference was not significant. There was no significant difference in Apgar scores. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, pallor, and shivering was higher in the NS group. However, only nausea and vomiting 10 minutes after anesthesia induction were significant. Ephedrine and atropine consumption was higher in the NS group, but not significantly. Conclusions: The present study did not show any clear benefit for adding 1% glucose to normal saline solution preload for hypotension in parturients undergoing Cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the fluid resuscitation effect of sodium acetate Ringer's solution and sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution on patients with traumatic haemorrhagic shock. Method: We conducted a prospective cohort study in our emergency department on a total of 71 patients with traumatic haemorrhagic shock admitted between 1 December 2020 and 28 February 2022. Based on the time of admission, patients were randomly divided into a sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution group and sodium acetate Ringer's solution group, and a limited rehydration resuscitation strategy was adopted in both groups. General data were collected separately, and the patients' vital signs (body temperature, respiration, blood pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP)), blood gas indices (pH, calculated bicarbonate (cHCO3−), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and clearance of lactate (CLac)), shock indices, peripheral platelet counts, prothrombin times and plasma fibrinogen levels were measured and compared before and 1 h after resuscitation. Results: The post-resuscitation heart rate of the sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution group was significantly lower than that of the sodium acetate Ringer's solution group (p < 0.05), and the MAP was also significantly lower (p < 0.05). The patients in the sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution group had significantly higher pH, cHCO3− and PaO2 values and lower pCO2 and CLac values (p < 0.05) than those in the sodium acetate Ringer's solution group, and the post-resuscitation peripheral platelet counts and fibrinogen levels were significantly higher, with shorter plasma prothrombin times and smaller shock indices (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution is beneficial for maintaining MAP at a low level after resuscitation. The use of sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution in limited fluid resuscitation has positive results and is of high clinical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the in vivo immunomodulatory and anti-tumor mechanisms of the combined treatment of novel Four-Herb formula (4HF) and doxorubicin in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: Murine-derived triple-negative mammary carcinoma cell line, 4T1 cells, was cultured and inoculated into mouse mammary glands. Sixty-six mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n=11 in ench): naïve, control, LD 4HF (low dose 4HF), HD 4HF (high dose 4HF), LD 4HF + D (low dose and doxorubicin), and D (doxorubicin). Apart from the naïve group, each mouse received subcutaneous inoculation with 5 × 105 4T1 cells resuspended in 100 µL of normal saline in the mammary fat pads. Starting from the day of tumor cell inoculation, tumors were grown for 6 days. The LD and HD groups received daily oral gavage of 658 and 2,630 mg/kg 4HF, respectively. The LD 4HF+D group received daily oral gavage of 658 mg/kg 4HF and weekly intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (5 mg/kg). The D group received weekly intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin (5 mg/kg). The treatment naïve mice received daily oral gavage of 0.2 mL double distilled water and 0.1 mL normal saline via intraperitoneal injection once a week. The control group received daily oral gavage of 0.2 mL double-distilled water. The treatment period was 30 days. At the end of treatment, mice organs were harvested to analyze immunological activities via immunophenotyping, gene and multiplex analysis, histological staining, and gut microbiota analysis. Results: Mice treated with the combination of 4HF and doxorubicin resulted in significantly reduced tumor and spleen burdens (P<0.05), altered the hypoxia and overall immune lymphocyte landscape, and manipulated gut microbiota to favor the anti-tumor immunological activities. Moreover, immunosuppressive genes, cytokines, and chemokines such as C-C motif chemokine 2 and interleukin-10 of tumors were significantly downregulated (P<0.05). 4HF-doxorubicin combination treatment demonstrated synergetic activities and was most effective in activating the anti-tumor immune response (P<0.05). Conclusion: The above results provide evidence for evaluating the immune regulating mechanisms of 4HF in breast cancer and support its clinical significance in its potential as an adjunctive therapeutic agent or immune supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Ventricular fibrillation remains as the major cause of death in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Effects of trans-atrial chemical ablation of the left ventricular (LV) endocardium with Lugol's solution on ventricular fibrillation inducibility and ventricular conduction were examined in canines with acute myocardial ischemia. Materials and Methods: Chemical ablation of the LV endocardium with Lugol's solution or normal saline was preformed through a left atrial appendage in 14 canines 30 min after occlusion of the left anterior coronary artery. Results: Ventricular fibrillation threshold decreased after the coronary artery occlusion and increased after endocardial chemical ablation. There was a significant difference in the ventricular fibrillation threshold after chemical ablation between with Lugol's solution and with normal saline (25.9 ± 9.2 mA vs. 11.3 ± 2.7 mA, p < .01). QRS width significantly increased from 88 ± 4 msec to 116 ± 5 msec (p < .01) after the chemical ablation with Lugol's solution, and the activation map of the ventricles demonstrated a left bundle branch block ventricular conduction pattern. Histological examination of the LV endocardium showed lymphocyte infiltration for a depth of 1 mm. Conclusions: Chemical ablation of the LV endocardium with Lugol's solution injures endocardial conduction system and increases ventricular fibrillation threshold in the early phase of myocardial ischemia in canines. The procedure may be useful in suppressing intractable ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous study reported that the metabolite of Bacillus subtilis BS-Z15 n-butanol site could reduce body weight gain in mice, showing anti-obesity effects. This study further demonstrated the effects of purified mycosubtilin on the body weight gain and gut microbiota of Kunming mice. 30 male Kunming white mice were randomly selected into three groups at four weeks of age: Control (group A), gavage-administered with saline daily; n-butanol site treated (group B), gavage-administered with n-butanol site metabolites (90 mg/kg); and mycosubtilin treated (group C), gavage-administered with mycosubtilin (6 mg/kg). Different groups' gut microbiota compositions were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the effects of mycosubtilin and n-butanol sites were consistent; the treatment groups showed a significant reduction in body weight gain as well as triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein contents as compared to the control group (P <0.05). Moreover, the size and contents of epididymal adipocytes were also significantly reduced (P <0.05), and the gavage administration of mycosubtilin could significantly increase the expression levels of lipolysis gene adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in the mice liver. Mycosubtilin and n-butanol site treatments could significantly alter the composition of the gut microbiota as compared to the physiologic saline treatment. B. subtilis BS-Z15 metabolites may regulate weight gain primarily by mycosubtilin, according to these findings. The mycosubtilin might reduce weight gain in mice by regulating lipid metabolism, thereby reducing fat accumulation and altering the composition of gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Calcium (Ca2+) signaling regulates various vital cellular functions, including integrin activation and cell migration. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) via calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels represents a major pathway for Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space in multiple cell types. The impact of JAK2-V617F and CALR mutations which are disease initiating in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) on SOCE, calcium flux from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytosol, and related key signaling pathways in the presence or absence of erythropoietin (EPO) or thrombopoietin (TPO) is poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of these mutations on the aforementioned calcium dynamics, in cellular models of MPN. Methods: Intracellular Ca2+ levels were measured over a time frame of 0–1080 s in Fura-2 AM labeled myeloid progenitor 32D cells expressing various mutations (JAK2-WT/EpoR, JAK2-V617F/EpoR; CALR-WT/MPL, CALR-ins5/MPL, and del52/MPL). Basal Ca2+ concentrations were assessed from 0–108 s. Subsequently, cells were stimulated with EPO/TPO in Ca2+-free Ringer solution, measuring Ca2+ levels from 109–594 s (store depletion). Then, 2 mM of Ca2+ buffer resembling physiological concentrations was added to induce SOCE, and Ca2+ levels were measured from 595–1080 s. Fura-2 AM emission ratios (F340/380) were used to quantify the integrated Ca2+ signal. Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired Student's t-test or Mann–Whitney-U-test, one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Results: Following EPO stimulation, the area under the curve (AUC) representing SOCE significantly increased in 32D-JAK2-V617F cells compared to JAK2-WT cells. In TPO-stimulated CALR cells, we observed elevated Ca2+ levels during store depletion and SOCE in CALR-WT cells compared to CALR-ins5 and del52 cells. Notably, upon stimulation, key components of the Ca2+ signaling pathways, including PLCγ-1 and IP3R, were differentially affected in these cell lines. Hyper-activated PLCγ-1 and IP3R were observed in JAK2-V617F but not in CALR mutated cells. Inhibition of calcium regulatory mechanisms suppressed cellular growth and induced apoptosis in JAK2-V617F cells. Conclusions: This report highlights the impact of JAK2 and CALR mutations on Ca2+ flux (store depletion and SOCE) in response to stimulation with EPO and TPO. The study shows that the JAK2-V617F mutation strongly alters the regulatory mechanism of EpoR/JAK2-dependent intracellular calcium balance, affecting baseline calcium levels, EPO-induced calcium entry, and PLCγ-1 signaling pathways. Our results reveal an important role of calcium flux in the homeostasis of JAK2-V617F positive cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Knowledge of proper collection, storage, preservation, and processing techniques is critical to ensuring proper handling and analysis of fluid cytology specimens. This study was conducted to determine the effect of anticoagulation, pre-smearing acetic acid treatment technique, and saline rehydration technique on morphological assessment, reproducibility, and reporting in fluid cytology. Material and Methods: The study was carried out in the cytopathology laboratory over 2 months (April–May 2022), where 100 effusion samples were analyzed. At least 20–40 mL of fluid was collected in heparinized and non-heparinized containers for each patient. Samples were processed in cytospin and stained with Giemsa and Papanicolaou stains. For 70 hemorrhagic specimens, an extra smear was prepared from the sediment and subjected to the saline rehydration technique as per the Indian Academy of Cytologists (IAC) guidelines. Seventy-three hemorrhagic specimens whose quantity received was more than 35 mL were subjected to the pre-smearing technique. These smears were evaluated for (a) the presence or absence of blue background/any other background staining, (b) cellularity, (c) cell morphology and (d) the presence/absence of microclots. Results: Heparinized samples showed no compromise in cellular morphology or cellularity although a blue background was observed in an occasional case. The pre-smearing technique had less background hemorrhage and preserved cell characteristics. The post-smearing saline rehydration technique did not compromise the cellularity but distorted morphology and showed background staining. Conclusion: The pre-smearing acetic acid treatment showed better-preserved cellularity and cytomorphology with the absence of background staining when compared to the post-smearing saline rehydration technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs)-based therapies are rapidly gaining interest in veterinary medicine. Cellular therapy represents a new challenge for practitioners and requires precise coordination between the cell processing laboratory and the veterinary clinic. Cryopreservation is the best method to provide fast, in-time, and long-distance delivery of cells for therapeutic applications. However, potentially toxic cryoprotectants and xenobiotic products make the direct administration of cells impracticable for patients. Alternatively, the cells may be resuspended in a ready-to-use vehicle and shipped to the veterinary clinic. In this study, two nutrient-poor vehicles (physiologic saline and ringer lactate solutions) and two nutrient-rich vehicles (the releasate derived from autologous Platelet Poor Plasma and Platelet Rich Plasma) were tested on adipose tissue-derived canine MSCs (AD-MSCs). AD-MSCs stored for 2, 4, or 24 h in the different media were compared regarding mortality, metabolic activity, and replicative capacity. Furthermore, antioxidant activity and the pattern of expression of genes related to AD-MSCs function were performed following 24 h of storage. The results showed that all the different vehicles preserve cell vitality and replication following short-term storage. In long-term storage, the vehicle and cell density affect cell vitality, proliferation, and gene expression (CCL-2, CXCR-4, and TSG-6). Nutrient-rich vehicles seem better suited to preserve cell functionalities in this contest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are multiple recommended protocols for Vitamin D (VitD) supplementation in elderly; however, only a few studies achieved to examine the role of VitD supplements before intertrochanteric fracture surgery on mortality and complications after surgery. Methods: This single-center block-randomized double-blinded trial was conducted on 80 patients with intertrochanteric fractures and a sufficient level of 25 (OH) VitD. The intervention group received an intramuscular 300,000 IU VitD ampule before surgery. The primary outcome was a 6-month mortality rate, and the secondary outcomes were 1- and 2-year mortality rates and Harris Hip Score (HHS) in 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Chi-square, t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and Cox regression survival model was used for statistical analysis. Results: 40 patients were allocated to each group. Demographic, clinical characteristics, and preoperative evaluations were not significantly different between the groups. Mortality rate 6-month after the surgery was 7.5% and 10% for the intervention and placebo groups respectively (P value =.71), 15% and 12.5% at 1-year (P value =.83), and 25% and 27.5% at 2-year (P value =.98). Based on the Cox regression model, only age was significantly associated with mortality (HR = 1.229, P value <.001). Significant HHS changes from baseline through 24 months after surgery were observed within both groups; however, mean differences were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: A single preoperative 300,000 IU VitD did not significantly impact 2-year survival and HHS in patients with intertrochanteric fractures and sufficient serum VitD level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Remimazolam is a novel ultrashort-acting intravenous benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic. The combination of remimazolam and sevoflurane does not increase respiratory sensitivity, produce bronchospasm, or cause other adverse conditions. We aimed to observe the effects of different remimazolam doses on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane at end-expiration during laryngeal mask insertion and evaluate the effect of sex on the efficacy of the combination of remimazolam on the suppression of laryngeal mask insertion in adult patients. Methods: We included 240 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia with elective placement of a laryngeal mask (120 males and 120 females). The patients were randomly divided into four groups according to sex: a control group (randomization for female patients, RF0; randomization for male patients, RM0) and three remimazolam groups (RF1, RM1 / RM2, RF2 / RM3, RF3), with 30 patients in each group. Induction was established by vital capacity rapid inhalation induction (VCRII), using 8% sevoflurane and 100% oxygen (6 L/min) in all patients. The (RF1, RM1), (RM2, RF2), and (RM3, RF3) groups were continuously injected with remimazolam at doses of 1, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/kg/h, respectively, while the (RM0, RF0) group was injected with an equal volume of normal saline. The end-expiratory concentration of sevoflurane was adjusted to a preset value after the patient's eyelash reflex disappeared. After the end-expiratory concentration of sevoflurane was kept stable for at least 15 min, the laryngeal mask was placed, and the patient's physical response to the mask placement was observed immediately and within 30 s of placement. The MAC of sevoflurane was measured using the up-and-down sequential method of Dixon. Results: The calculated MAC of end-expiratory sevoflurane during laryngeal mask insertion in adult females was (2.94 ± 0.18)%, (2.69 ± 0.16)%, (2.32 ± 0.16)% and (1.83 ± 0.15)% in groups RF0, RF1, RF2 and RF3; (2.98 ± 0.18)%, (2.80 ± 0.19)%, (2.54 ± 0.15)% and (2.15 ± 0.15)% in male groups RM0, RM1, RM2 and RM3, respectively. The MAC values were significantly lower in the (RF1-RF3, RM1-RM3) group when compared to the (RF0, RM0) group. There was no significant difference between (RF0, RF1) and (RM0, RM1), but the MAC value of the RF2-RF3 group was significantly lower than that of the RM2-RM3 group. Conclusions: Remimazolam can effectively reduce end-expiratory sevoflurane MAC values during laryngeal mask placement in adults. When remimazolam was measured above 1.5 mg/kg/h, the effect of inhibiting laryngeal mask implantation in female patients was stronger than that in male patients. Remimazolam at a dose of 1–2 mg/kg/h combined with sevoflurane induction can be safely and effectively used in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some marine sculpins (Psychrolutidae) exhibit an unusual reproductive mode called internal gametic association (IGA), in which sperm transfer between the sexes occurs during copulation, but fertilization is delayed until the eggs are released in seawater. IGA is suggested in many internally inseminating marine sculpins, but experimental evidence of IGA is limited to a few species. The Fluffy Sculpin (Oligocottus snyderi) and its sister species, the Rosy Sculpin (O. rubellio), occur in sympatry in intertidal zones along the central California coast. Although these species likely exhibit internal insemination, their reproductive strategy is not well understood. Here, we investigate reproductive mode, mating season, egg-laying season, and sperm morphology and activity in Fluffy and Rosy Sculpins near Pillar Point, California. Delayed embryonic development was observed for one clutch of eggs of the Rosy Sculpin after exposure to seawater, indicating IGA in this species. We were unable to demonstrate IGA by initiation of development in the Fluffy Sculpin because we were unable to collect females with ovulated oocytes. Nevertheless, we found that sperm morphology with elongated head and high motility in isotonic solution while immotile in seawater in both species represent characteristics associated with IGA. Seasonal changes in gonadosomatic index (GSI) of both sexes revealed asynchronous gonadal maturation between the sexes in the Fluffy Sculpin and suggest a similar pattern in the Rosy Sculpin; however, the latter was affected by small sample size. These patterns indicate that males copulate with females before egg maturation, and females store sperm for several months. Our study supports the generality of IGA across marine sculpins and provides an understanding of its relationship to asynchrony in GSI between the sexes. Further, while Fluffy and Rosy Sculpins are similar in body morphology, habitat, and reproductive mode, the slight difference in mating season (pre-mating isolation) and sperm head and flagellum length (post-mating isolation) may have contributed to divergence in sympatry with reduced probability of hybridization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An APGAR score of 0 at 10 minutes is usually associated with high mortality and poor outcomes for the neonate, including lifelong deficits, severe hypoxic brain injury, and even death. Additionally, neonatal exposure to substances such as methamphetamines plays a role in developmental delays and meeting neurobehavioral milestones. In this case of a baby with APGARS of 0 at 1, 5, and 10 minutes, as well as in utero exposure to methamphetamines and complicated delivery, the risk of early demise was high. The aggressive resuscitation at birth and continued care in the NICU resulted in significantly less damage than what was expected. It is important to note that despite multiple factors contributing to the prediction of poor outcomes, early and attentive care of the newborn can play a vital role in recovery and a fighting chance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The administration of intravenous fluids is one of the most common and universal interventions in medicine. Fluid therapy is the most challenging and debated aspect of perioperative care. Plasma-lyte A® Injection (multiple electrolytes injection, type 1, USP) is indicated as a source of water and electrolytes or as an alkalinizing agent. 0.9% sodium chloride is an isotonic crystalloid solution having a sodium concentration higher is useful in replacing fluid and electrolyte loss. Aims and Objectives: The study was designed to compare the effects of intraoperative administration of balanced crystalloid solution (Plasma-Lyte A®) and 0.9% NaCl on acid-base balance in the post-operative period in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Materials and Methods: Eighty consenting patients of ASA-l and ASA-II who underwent Gastrointestinal surgery were at first randomly allocated to 2 groups. One group received Plasma-Lyte A® as the sole crystalloid and the other group received 0.9% sodium chloride. Results: Serum Na+ conc. of the groups were comparable and no difference was shown at the time of induction, but postoperatively at 12 h, there was a significant increase in group 2. There was no significant difference in serum K+ concentration in both the groups except at 6 h postoperatively when there was an increase in K+ concentration in group 1. Serum Cl− concentration was having no significant difference at the time of induction and 1 h intraoperative, but postoperatively at 1, 6, and 12 h the Cl− concentration significantly increased in group 2. HCO3 − concentration of the two groups had no difference between them throughout the study period. The pH of patients in both the groups showed no statistically significant difference during the entire procedure (P>0.05). A significant decrease in pH observed in 0.9% sodium chloride group in comparison to Plasma-Lyte® group when the duration of surgery increased to more than 120 min. Conclusion: Both plasma-lyte A and 0.9% sodium chloride can be used safely as intravenous infusion fluid without altering pH status and blood electrolyte concentration in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open in new tab Download slide OBJECTIVES The use of del Nido cardioplegia has been increasing in popularity for adult cardiac surgery. However, the base solution, Plasma-Lyte A, is not always available in many countries. This prospective randomized controlled trial evaluated myocardial preservation and clinical outcomes when using lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) compared to Plasma-Lyte A as a base solution for del Nido cardioplegia. METHODS Adult patients undergoing first-time elective cardiac surgery for acquired heart disease, including isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, isolated valve surgery, combined valve surgery or concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting and valve surgery were randomized to receive either LRS (n  = 100) or Plasma-Lyte A (n  = 100). RESULTS There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of age, comorbidities, Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score and type of procedures. The primary outcome, postoperative troponin-T at 24 h, was similar in both groups (0.482 vs 0.524 ng/ml; P  =   0.464). Other cardiac markers were also similar at all time points. The LRS group had a lower pH (7.228 vs 7.246; P  =   0.005) and higher calcium levels (0.908 vs 0.358 mmol/l; P  <   0.001) in the delivered cardioplegia, but there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes, such as ventricular fibrillation, left ventricular ejection fraction, inotrope/vasopressor requirement, intra-aortic balloon pump support, intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, atrial fibrillation, red cell transfusion and complications. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that LRS can be used as an alternative to Plasma-Lyte A as the base solution for del Nido cardioplegia, with similar myocardial preservation and clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sports medicine providers often perform various outpatient procedures to manage musculoskeletal and neuropathic conditions. Vasovagal syncope is a rare but a possible complication. Convulsive syncope is one subtype that involves brief extensor stiffening and nonsustained myoclonus and can be easily mistaken for seizures. We present a case series of convulsive syncope as a complication of common sports medicine outpatient procedures. We aim to describe how to identify this condition, and offer risk stratification and management strategies to mitigate the risks of this complication. Sports medicine providers who routinely practice outpatient procedures should be aware of this complication. Simple changes in approaching the procedure may mitigate these risks. High- and intermediate-risk features of the syncopal episode should prompt physicians to seek further evaluation by a specialist to rule out more serious conditions. In all instances, appropriate on-site support and equipment for emergent resuscitation and management should be prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Avulsion of teeth is one of the most complex forms of dental injury, and the selection of an appropriate storage medium greatly influences the preservation of Periodontal Ligament (PDL) cell viability, which is crucial for the successful re-implantation of avulsed teeth. Therefore, identifying effective storage options such as natural coconut water and prepackaged coconut water holds significant promise in improving outcomes for this challenging dental injury. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of natural coconut water, prepackaged coconut water, and Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) as storage media in maintaining PDL cell viability. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 non-carious freshly extracted human premolars were randomly divided into four study groups (n=8) and stored in the following storage media respectively: Group I-Natural coconut water group, Group IIPre-packaged coconut water group, Group III-Bench dry group, and Group IV-HBSS groups for 30 minutes. The PDL cells were collected and incubated in phosphate buffer saline for 30 minutes and then centrifuged at 800 rpm for five minutes. Following this, the cells were stained with trypan blue to observe their viability. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post-hoc test was used for analysing the data. Results: The mean percentage of viable cells in natural coconut water (80.6250) was higher than in HBSS (79.8750), prepackaged coconut water (79.2500), and the bench dry group (6.1250). Meanwhile, the mean percentage of non-viable cells was highest in the bench dry group (93.8750), followed by the pre-packaged coconut water (20.7500), HBSS (20.1250), and natural coconut water (19.3750). Conclusion: Natural coconut water and pre-packaged coconut water are equally effective in maintaining the viability of PDL cells. Therefore, pre-packaged coconut water can be used as a substitute for natural coconut water for tooth storage, depending upon availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a major preventable cause of death in patients with trauma. However, the majority of large animal models of hemorrhage have utilized controlled hemorrhage rather than uncontrolled hemorrhage to investigate the impact of immunopathy and coagulopathy on multi-organ failure (MOF) and mortality. This study evaluates these alterations in a severe porcine controlled and uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (HS) model. Anesthetized female swine underwent controlled hemorrhage and uncontrolled hemorrhage by partial splenic resection followed with or without lactated Ringer solution (LR) or Voluven® resuscitation. Swine were surveyed 6 h after completion of splenic hemorrhage or until death. Blood chemistry, physiologic variables, systemic and tissue levels of complement proteins and cytokines, coagulation parameters, organ function, and damage were recorded and assessed. HS resulted in systemic and local complement activation, cytokine release, hypocoagulopathy, metabolic acidosis, MOF, and no animal survival. Resuscitation with LR and Voluven® after HS improved hemodynamic parameters (MAP and SI), metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and survival but resulted in increased complement activation and worse coagulopathy. Compared with the LR group, the animals with hemorrhagic shock treated with Voluven® had worse dilutional anemia, coagulopathy, renal and hepatic dysfunction, increased myocardial complement activation and renal damage, and decreased survival rate. Hemorrhagic shock triggers early immunopathy and coagulopathy and appears associated with MOF and death. This study indicates that immunopathy and coagulopathy are therapeutic targets that may be addressed with a high-impact adjunctive treatment to conventional resuscitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of povidone-iodine 0.6% (PVI) irrigation for preventing recurrence of stenosis after punctoplasty in patients with punctal and proximal canalicular stenosis treated using a venous catheter as a stent. Methods: Twenty patients were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group 1 received irrigation of 1 mL 0.6% PVI, while Group 2 received 1 mL of balanced salt solution (BSS). The patients underwent baseline, 15-, 30-, and 90-day assessments using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Symptoms Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE), Schirmer I test, tear meniscus height (TMH), bulbar redness, meibography, and non-invasive breakup time (NIKBUT) through Keratograph 5M (Oculus, Germany). Results: At three months, both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in symptoms and ocular surface parameters. However, Group 1 showed statistically significant improvements in OSDI, SANDE scores, bulbar redness, and NIKBUT compared to Group 2. Additionally, no patients in Group 1 presented a recurrence of stenosis, while three patients in Group 2 demonstrated stenosis relapse at the end of the follow-up period. Conclusions: The application of a venous catheter and PVI 0.6% irrigations proved to be effective in treating proximal lacrimal duct stenosis, reducing the risk of recurrence and improving tear film stability, ocular discomfort symptoms, and ocular surface parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After craniectomy, autologous bone flaps may be stored using wet or dry cryopreservation. After brain edema subsides, they are replaced during an operation termed cranioplasty. Cranioplasty is associated with 15% infection incidence. We conducted a retrospective comparison of infection outcomes between wet and dry cryopreservation of cranioplasty bone flaps. Historically, bone flaps were stored utilizing wet cryopreservation—bone flap storage in 1 L of lactated Ringer's solution containing 80 mg gentamicin and 2 g nafcillin in a sterile plastic container secured in an unsterile plastic bag. Our newer dry cryopreservation protocol involved storage in gauze soaked in 80 mg gentamicin and 2 g nafcillin within a 3-layer sterile bag system. A total of 119 autologous bone flaps were included, with median follow-up of 3.9 months from cranioplasty. Overall, 10.9% became infected, requiring subsequent surgery; 18.4% of 49 bone flaps stored using wet cryopreservation became infected compared with only 5.7% of 70 dry cryopreservation bone flaps (P = 0.038; relative risk [RR] 0.311; absolute risk reduction 12.7%). Tobacco use (P = 0.076; RR 3.17) was not associated with increased infection risk. Infection incidence was similar for traumatic craniectomy indications compared to the other indications (12.0% trauma vs. 10.1% other; P = 0.750). On average, infected cranioplasty patients spent 8.5 more days hospitalized and faced increased risk of additional complications. Dry cryopreservation significantly decreases infection after cranioplasty when compared with wet cryopreservation, and this mitigates additional morbidity, mortality, and costs attributable to cranioplasty infection. Other nonmodifiable risk factors for cranioplasty infection were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the potential electrophysiological biomarkers of human responses by comparing the electroencephalogram brain wave changes towards lavender versus normal saline in a healthy human population. Method: This study included a total of 44 participants without subjective olfactory disturbances. Lavender and normal saline were used as the olfactory stimulant and control. Electroencephalogram was recorded and power spectra were analysed by the spectral analysis for each alpha, beta, delta, theta and gamma bandwidth frequency upon exposure to lavender and normal saline independently. Results: The oscillatory brain activities in response to the olfactory stimulant indicated that the lavender smell decreased the beta activity in the left frontal (F7 electrode) and central region (C3 electrode) with a reduction in the gamma activity in the right parietal region (P4 electrode) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Olfactory stimulants result in changes of electrical brain activities in different brain regions, as evidenced by the topographical brain map and spectra analysis of each brain wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both balanced crystalloid solution and normal saline are commonly used for fluid therapy in critically ill patients. However, the association between the types of crystalloid solution and patient outcomes remains inconclusive. Materials and Methods: The authors performed a search using Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register through January 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing balanced crystalloids and normal saline in non-perioperative fluid resuscitation for critically ill adult patients were included. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. A trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to assess the effect of each type of fluid on the outcomes. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), renal replacement therapy (RRT), and other pre-specified outcomes. Results: Ten RCTs were identified and included 36,233 participants. Between the balanced crystalloids and the normal saline group, there were no significant differences in mortality at 30 days (relative risk [RR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89 to 1.02, I²=0), the incidence of AKI (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.01, I²=0), and RRT (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.01, I²=13). However, patients receiving balanced crystalloids demonstrated a significantly lower serum chloride level than the patients receiving normal saline (MD -1.95, 95% CI -3.45 to -0.45, I²=99). There was also no mortality difference in the sepsis and traumatic brain injury subgroups. The TSA confirmed the absence of an effect on mortality at 30 days and the incidence of AKI. Conclusion: In critically ill patients, the use of balanced crystalloids does not decrease 30-day mortality or the incidence of AKI and RRT. However, data in specific subgroups of patients were underpowered and further studies are required. There were signals of benefit and risk of the balanced salt solution in the subgroups of sepsis and traumatic brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a poor prognosis and metastatic growth. TNBC cells frequently undergo macroautophagy/autophagy, contributing to tumor progression and chemotherapeutic resistance. ANXA2 (annexin A2), a potential therapeutic target for TNBC, has been reported to stimulate autophagy. In this study, we investigated the role of ANXA2 in autophagic processes in TNBC cells. TNBC patients exhibited high levels of ANXA2, which correlated with poor outcomes. ANXA2 increased LC3B-II levels following bafilomycin A1 treatment and enhanced autophagic flux in TNBC cells. Notably, ANXA2 upregulated the phosphorylation of HSF1 (heat shock transcription factor 1), resulting in the transcriptional activation of ATG7 (autophagy related 7). The mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 2 (MTORC2) played an important role in ANXA2-mediated ATG7 transcription by HSF1. MTORC2 did not affect the mRNA level of ANXA2, but it was involved in the protein stability of ANXA2. HSPA (heat shock protein family A (Hsp70)) was a potential interacting protein with ANXA2, which may protect ANXA2 from lysosomal proteolysis. ANXA2 knockdown significantly increased sensitivity to doxorubicin, the first-line chemotherapeutic regimen for TNBC treatment, suggesting that the inhibition of autophagy by ANXA2 knockdown may overcome doxorubicin resistance. In a TNBC xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated that ANXA2 knockdown combined with doxorubicin administration significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to doxorubicin treatment alone, offering a promising avenue to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy. In summary, our study elucidated the molecular mechanism by which ANXA2 modulates autophagy, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for TNBC treatment. Abbreviation: ATG: autophagy related; ChIP: chromatin-immunoprecipitation; HBSS: Hanks' balanced salt solution; HSF1: heat shock transcription factor 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymphedema, resulting from impaired lymphatic drainage, causes inflammation, fibrosis and tissue damage leading to symptoms such as limb swelling and restricted mobility. Despite various treatments under exploration, no standard effective therapy exists. Here a novel technique using the pyro-drive jet injection (PJI) was used to create artificial clefts between collagen fibers, which facilitated the removal of excess interstitial fluid. The PJI was used to deliver a mixture of lactated Ringer's solution and air into the tail of animals with secondary skin edema. Edema levels were assessed using micro-CT scanning. Histopathological changes and neovascularization were evaluated on the injury-induced regenerative tissue. Regarding tissue remodeling, we focused on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C. PJI markedly diminished soft tissue volume in the experimental lymphedema animals compared to the non-injected counterparts. The PJI groups exhibited a significantly reduced proportion of inflammatory granulation tissue and an enhanced density of lymphatic vessels and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive small vessels in the fibrous granulation tissue compared to the controls. In addition, PJI curtailed the prevalence of CTGF- and VEGF-C-positive cells in regenerative tissue. In a lymphedema animal model, PJI notably ameliorated interstitial edema, promoted lymphatic vessel growth, and bolstered αSMA-positive capillaries in fibrous granulation tissue. PJI's minimal tissue impact post-lymph node dissection indicates significant potential as an early, standard preventative measure. Easily applied in general clinics without requiring specialized training, it offers a cost-effective and highly versatile solution to the management of lymphedema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of the Problem: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that causes bone loss. Some patients do not respond well to the classic treatment and need therapies that minimize bone loss, the main sequel of the disease. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. has stood out due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. However, no study has yet investigated its effect on periodontitis. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the bone protective effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (CAL) extract on ligature-induced periodontitis model in rats. Materials and Method: For this, a pre-clinical assay was performed, using male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups: Naive (N) (n=6), not submitted to any procedure; Saline (SAL) (n=6), submitted to ligature-induced periodontitis and receiving 2 ml/kg of 0.9% saline solution; and CAL extract, which was subdivided into 3 subgroups (n=6/subgroup) receiving the CAL at 3 (CAL3), 10 (CAL10) or 30 mg/kg (CAL30). All agents were given, by oral gavage, 30 min before periodontitis induction and daily until euthanasia (11th day). By then, maxillae were removed for macroscopic, histological, and histometric analyses. Kidneys, liver, and stomach were collected to evaluate the safety of CAL extract. Highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was used to investigate the flavonoid content in the extract. Results: Chenopodium ambrosioides L. extract at 30mg/kg showed a reduction by 58% in bone loss marked by an increase (+35%) in the number of osteoblasts and a reduction (- 51%) on the number of osteoclasts (p< 0.05). No significant alteration in the liver, kidney, or stomach was seen. Rutin was the main flavonoid found. Conclusion: In summary, it was observed that Chenopodium ambrosioides L. extract has shown important anti-inflammatory and bone anabolic and anti-resorptive properties without causing toxicity in the main organs. Rutin, as the main flavonoid of the extract, seems to be responsible for the beneficial effect of this agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Protectin D1n-3 DPA and resolvin D5n-3 DPA are effectors of intestinal protection." The authors acknowledge errors in the legends for Figure 1 and SI Appendix, Fig. S1, which have been corrected online. The article discusses the analysis of lipid mediators in tissue samples from control and IBD patients, as well as the methods used for sample extraction and lipid mediator metabololipidomics. The authors also describe the induction and assessment of colitis and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice, along with various experimental techniques used in their study. The study found that the lipid mediators PD1n-3 DPA and RvD5n-3 DPA demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects in the tested models. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation is a non-invasive, widely employed procedure that uses diode laser to target the ciliary body to lower the intraocular pressure. Despite its acknowledged efficacy, certain complications are recognized, with neurotrophic keratopathy being a rare yet serious consequence. This report seeks to shed light on a potential high-risk subgroup susceptible to neurotrophic keratopathy, exemplified by our patient with Marfan syndrome, a condition characterized by thin sclera. Case Report: Our patient, who was confirmed to have Marfan syndrome with pseudophakic glaucoma, underwent micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation due to high intraocular pressure bilaterally and subsequently quickly manifested neurotrophic keratopathy in both eyes postoperatively. Swift initiation of management involved a comprehensive approach, including topical antibiotics, preservative-free lubrication, medroxyprogesterone acetate 1%, serum balanced salt solution (BSS) 50%, and the application of bandage contact lenses to expedite healing. Fortunately, the left eye demonstrated resolution within 10 days, while the right eye exhibited delayed healing, leading to subsequent scarring. Conclusions: This report highlights the critical importance of recognizing populations predisposed to neurotrophic keratopathy before subjecting them to micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. Such awareness allows for the fine-tuning of procedural parameters, offering a strategic approach to mitigate the risk of neurotrophic keratopathy development. By further exploring and recognizing potential risk factors, clinicians can enhance patient outcomes and refine the safety profile of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]