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The U.S. Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth has tracked 10 physical activity (PA) indicators common to the Active Healthy Kids Global Matrix since 2014. This article expands on the U.S. report cards by presenting PA indicator assessments among children and adolescents with disabilities. Grades for indicators were assigned based on a search of peer-reviewed articles presenting nationally representative data. The Global Matrix 3.0 benchmarks and grading framework guided the process. Grades for overall PA, sedentary behaviors, organized sports, and school were F, D+, D+, and D, respectively. Insufficient evidence existed to assign grades to the remaining six indicators. There is a need in the United States for targeted PA promotion strategies that are specific to children and adolescents with disabilities. Without a commitment to this effort across sectors and settings, the low grades identified in this para report card are expected to remain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Korea has developed its first Para Report Card on physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents with disabilities. Five national surveillance databases were used to evaluate PA indicators based on the benchmarks and grading rubric provided by Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. Report card evaluation committees were invited to grade and assess the results using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis. Five indicators (overall PA, D+; organized sports and PA, D−; active transportation, D−; physical fitness, D+; and government, A+) and one additional indicator (sleep, C−) were assigned a letter grade. The other five indicators were graded as incomplete. The Para Report Card revealed a significant gap between the behavioral-indicator grades (D− to D+) and the policy-indicator grade (A+), suggesting that government strategies and investment have not yet been translated into behavioral PA among children and adolescents with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive evaluation of physical activity (PA) engagement and policy implementation among Filipino children and adolescents with disabilities is vital in the promotion of an active healthy lifestyle. This is the first Para Report Card of the Philippines that presents the available evidence on the 10 commonly used PA indicators. Published and gray literature were searched for country-specific evidence on PA behaviors, physical fitness, and sources of influence. Stakeholders representing relevant national institutions, special education schools, and advocacy groups also provided input on the grades. Only Organized Sport and Government indicators had sufficient data to be graded F and B, respectively. The rest of the indicators were graded as incomplete due to the limited availability of nationally representative data. Findings of the Philippines 2022 Para Report Card on PA highlight the need to strengthen the documentation and evaluation of these indicators among Filipino children and adolescents with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report aims to provide a better understanding of physical activity (PA) and related factors among Spanish children and adolescents living with disabilities. The 10 indicators used for the Global Matrix on Para Report Cards of children and adolescents living with disabilities were evaluated based on the best available data in Spain. An analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats based on data provision was drafted by three experts and critically reviewed by the authorship team to provide a national perspective for each evaluated indicator. Government was the indicator with the highest grade (C+), followed by Sedentary Behaviors (C−), School (D), Overall PA (D−), and Community & Environment (F). The remaining indicators received an incomplete grade. There were low levels of PA in Spanish children and adolescents living with disabilities. Yet, opportunities to improve the current surveillance of PA among this population exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finland's 2022 Para Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities includes a summary of results and grades for 10 physical activity indicators and highlights how these grades are interpreted by stakeholders. The disability classification was based on the UNICEF/Washington Group on Disability Statistics measure, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD7) measure, or education status. Data between 2017 and 2021 were reviewed by 24 physical activity specialists using benchmarks adapted for data on disabilities from the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. The grades were assigned as follows: Overall Physical Activity, C+; Organized Sport, C; Active Play, D; Active Transportation, B; Family and Peers, C+; School, B; Community and Environment, C−; Government, A−; sedentary behavior and physical fitness were graded as incomplete. Stakeholder focus-group discussions highlighted the need for multidisciplinary cooperation and increasing competence of specialists working with children to promote a physically active lifestyle for all children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children and adolescents with disabilities (CAWD) represent 11% of Israeli children and adolescents. The 10 core indicators of the Global Matrix on Para Report Cards of physical activity (PA) of CAWD were used to create the 2022 Israeli Para Report Card. A panel of four experts reviewed resources and synthesized evidence of PA behaviors and policies for CAWD in Israel, converted the data to grades, and charted subcategories of language, sex, and disability across population. Data sources were surveys, reports, and memberships in sport federations and clubs. Among CAWD, levels of participation in daily PA were poor (<20%; Grade F), and participation of CAWD in sports was even lower (<10%; Grade F). A lack of environmental infrastructure may explain the low levels of participation. Females, Arabic speakers, and physiological CAWD need particular attention. Establishing governmental policies and interventions is required to increase overall PA and participation in sports among CAWD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report provides an expert appraisal of the Canadian Para Report Card on physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents with disabilities. Thirteen indicators were graded by a panel of researchers, representatives from disability and PA organizations, and parents of children and adolescents with disabilities using benchmarks of the Global Matrix 4.0 and previous Canadian PA Report Cards. Facilitated panel discussions were used to appraise the available evidence based on data gaps, opportunities, and recommendations. The available data sources included four nationally generalizable or representative data sets. Grades were assigned to 8/13 indicators and ranged from B+ to F. Data gaps in measurement and national surveillance systems were identified. Ableism was an issue identified within some of the reporting benchmarks. The absence of PA from existing accessibility legislation in Canada was a policy gap of concern. Recommendations related to research, surveillance, and policy are provided to enhance PA among children and adolescents with disabilities in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an overview of the results from 14 countries or jurisdictions in a Global Matrix of Para Report Cards on physical activity (PA) of children and adolescents with disabilities. The methodology was based on the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance's Global Matrix 4.0. Data were aligned with 10 indicators (Overall PA, Organized Sport, Active Play, Active Transport, Physical Fitness, Sedentary Behavior, Family & Peers, Schools, Community & Environment, and Government) to produce Para Report Cards. Subsequently, there were 139 grades; 45% were incomplete, particularly for Active Play, Physical Fitness, and Family & Peers. Collectively, Overall PA was graded the lowest (F), with Schools and Government the highest (C). Disability-specific surveillance and research gaps in PA were apparent in 14 countries or jurisdictions around the world. More coverage of PA data in Para Report Cards is needed to serve as an advocacy tool to promote PA among children and adolescents with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daniel M. Landers, the cofounder of the Journal of Sport Psychology (now titled Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology), passed away at the age of 81. He was known for his contributions to the field of sport and exercise psychology, particularly in the areas of social facilitation in motor performance, the psychophysiology of kinetic imagery, and the effects of exercise on psychological outcomes. Landers was a respected researcher, mentor, and teacher, and his work has had a lasting impact on the field. He received numerous awards for his contributions and was highly regarded by his colleagues and students. [Extracted from the article]

To determine the safety, feasibility, and potential effect of an 18-week exercise intervention for adults with primary brain cancer. Eligible patients were 12-26-weeks post-radiotherapy for brain cancer. The individually-prescribed weekly exercise was ≥150-minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, including two resistance-training sessions. The intervention was deemed "safe" if exercise-related, serious adverse events (SAE) were experienced by <10% of participants, and feasible if recruitment, retention, and adherence rates were ≥75%, and ≥75% compliance rates were achieved in ≥75% of weeks. Patient-reported and objectively-measured outcomes were assessed at baseline, mid-intervention, end-intervention, and 6-month follow-up, using generalized estimating equations. Twelve participants enrolled (51 ± 19.5 years, 5 females). There were no exercise-related SAEs. The intervention was feasible (recruitment:80%, retention:92%, adherence:83%). Participants completed a median of 172.8 (min:77.5, max:560.8) minutes of physical activity per week. 17% met the compliance outcome threshold for ≥75% of the intervention. Improvements in quality of life (mean change (95% CI): 7.9 units (1.9, 13.8)), functional well-being (4.3 units (1.4, 7.2)), depression (−2.0 units (−3.8, −0.2)), activity (112.8 min (42.1, 183.4)), fitness (56.4 meters (20.4, 92.5)), balance (4.9 s (0.9, 9.0)), and lower-body strength (15.2 kg (9.3, 21.1)) were observed end-intervention. Preliminary evidence support that exercise is safe and beneficial to the quality of life and functional outcomes for people with brain cancer.Registration: ACTRN12617001577303 The BRAin Cancer and Exercise (BRACE) study highlights the need for regular monitoring of disease- and treatment-related side effects which may present as barriers to exercise. Exercise prescription should be modified according to the presence and severity of disease- and treatment-related barriers. Adverse events observed, such as dizziness, highlight the importance of supervised exercise for people with brain cancer. If supervision is not possible, then exercise modes with low risk of harm from falls are recommended (e.g., walking, machine-based resistance training). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explored the immediate and three-month follow-up effects of physical training on physical fitness in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We randomly assigned 20 children with ASD (age 8–11 years) into an experimental group (EG; n = 10) and a control group (CG; n = 10). The EG participated in an 8-week training program involving both strength and proprioceptive exercises (three 60-minute sessions/week), while the CG simply maintained their daily activities. We assessed physical fitness components for each participant at baseline, post-training, and at a 3-month follow-up. The physical training intervention significantly improved physical fitness of these children with ASD in terms of their flexibility (p <.001; 32.46%), lower limbs strength (p =.003; 36.98%), lower body power (p <.001; 41.78%) and functional mobility (p <.001; 25.56%). However, these addition training-induced gains were lost at follow-up for lower limbs strength (p <.001), flexibility (p <.001), and functional mobility (p =.034)). Physical training was effective for improving physical fitness in children with ASD, but the loss of these gains at three months follow-up underscored the need for continuous physical exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Studies have shown an inverse association between the risk of breast cancer in women and physical activity. However, information on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) assessed objectively by a standardized test and the risk of developing breast cancer is limited. Purpose: To examine the CRF-breast cancer risk association in healthy females. Methods: This retrospective study was derived from the Exercise Testing and Health Outcomes Study cohort (n = 750,302). Female participants (n = 44,463; mean age ± SD; 55.1 ± 8.9 yr) who completed an exercise treadmill test evaluation (Bruce protocol) at the Veterans Affairs Medical Centers nationwide from 1999 to 2020 were studied. The cohort was stratified into four age-specific CRF categories (Least-fit, Low-fit, Moderate-fit, and Fit), based on the peak METs achieved during the exercise treadmill test. Results: During 438,613 person-years of observation, 994 women developed breast cancer. After controlling for covariates, the risk of breast cancer was inversely related to exercise capacity. For each 1-MET increase in CRF, the risk of cancer was 7% lower (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.95; P < 0.001). When risk was assessed across CRF categories with the Least-fit group as the referent, the risk was 18% lower for Low-fit women (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.96; P = 0.013), 31% for Moderate-fit (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.58-0.82; P < 0.001), and 40% for Fit (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.47-0.75; P < 0.001). Conclusions: We observed an inverse and graded association between CRF and breast cancer risk in women. Thus, encouraging women to improve CRF may help attenuate the risk of developing breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis (HD) have muscle weakness in addition to a high risk of falls, motor impairment and immobilization To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials regarding the effectiveness of resistance exercises on muscle strengthening and lower limb endurance in patients with CKD on HD. The study was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS and Cochrane databases, without linguistic restrictions or year of publication. Of the 824 studies found, only 6 were included for analysis. Studies were allocated to some concern or high risk of bias regarding the reporting of outcomes. The low quality of outcome evidence can mainly be observed due to the severe level of inconsistency owing to the high degree of heterogeneity. A significant reduction in heterogeneity was observed after the sensitivity analysis, demonstrating an improvement in the muscle strength of the lower limbs (p =.002). It is concluded that most studies demonstrate benefits in carrying out resistance training programs in increasing muscle strength of the lower limbs, however, it is necessary that randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with greater methodological rigor are performed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) often present with dyspnea, fatigue, and desaturation. These symptoms can be highly limiting, as they lead to a decrease in performing activities of daily living (ADL). Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the degree of functional limitation of these individuals. The present study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Glittre-ADL test (TGlittre) and its association with self-reported limitation in ADL and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with IPF. Twenty-seven individuals with IPF (60.5 ± 10.6 years), with forced vital capacity 2.26 ± 1.03 L (51.09 ± 20.62% of predicted) were assessed for the time spent in TGlittre, 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), limitation in ADL and HRQoL. TGlittre was reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient3,1 = 0.96; P <.001); however, a learning effect of 10.6% was observed between the first and second execution of TGlittre. The time spent in TGlittre correlated with 6MWD, limitation in ADL, and disease-specific HRQoL (P <.05). TGlittre is valid and reliable for assessing functional capacity in patients with IPF. Still, it presents a learning effect and should be performed twice when assessing functional capacity in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the effects of a group class physical exercise program on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), physical fitness and activity, and safety in early breast cancer women after treatment, a double-phase trial [16-week control phase (CP) followed by a 16-week intervention phase (IP)] was designed. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline (T1), 8 (T2) and 16 (T3) weeks (CP), and 24 (T4) and 32 (T5) weeks (IP). The primary endpoint was global health status. Out of 82 enrolled patients, 37 completed the IP. Global health status decreased (−10,1; 95% CI −19.8 to −0.4; p = 0.040) during the CP and stabilized during the IP. Physical and sexual functioning increased during the IP (p = 0.008; p = 0.017), while cardiorespiratory fitness increased in the CP (p = 0.004). Upper limb strength and lower limb functionality increased during both phases [CP: p < 0.0001, p = 0.001 (surgical and nonsurgical arm), p = 0.028; IP: p < 0.0001, p = 0.002, p = 0.009]. Body mass index decreased in the IP (p = 0.026). Waist circumference increased in the CP (p = 0.001) and decreased in the IP (p = 0.010); sedentary behaviours and moderate and vigorous physical activity did not change. Adherence to 70% of the sessions was reported in 54% of patients. No serious adverse events related to the intervention were reported. In conclusion, the physical exercise program was able to prevent the decline in global health status and to improve other domains of HRQOL and physical fitness. As physical exercise is not the standard of care in many countries, the implementation of group class programs might be an option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of resistance training on physical fitness, physiological variables and body composition of postmenopausal women. The present systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and was registered in PROSPERO. A total of 12 studies were included. The literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO. Randomized control trials were included. Two blinded investigators performed the search, study selection and data collection, and assessed the quality and risk of bias. A random-effects model was used for all analyses. Compared to the control group, resistance training produced a significant improvement in maximal oxygen volume (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 2.32, p < 0.001), lower extremity strength (SMD = 4.70, p < 0.001) and upper extremity strength (SMD = 7.42, p < 0.001). The results obtained in the systematic review and meta-analysis confirm the benefits of resistance training on physical fitness in postmenopausal women, although there is more debate regarding its influence on bone mineral density, and anthropometric and derived variables. This work provides a solid starting point for promoting resistance training at a frequency of 3 days per week, in 60-min sessions, with the aim of improving parameters directly related to quality of life, functionality and disease prevention of postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many adults with intellectual disabilities live a sedentary lifestyle, have low levels of functional fitness and are overweight. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an exercise intervention with activities which are simple, fun, accessible and adapted for socialising in a group would elicit significant improvements in various parameters associated with functional fitness for adults with intellectual disabilities. Forty-two adults with intellectual disability (44.5 ± 11.5 years) were randomly located to an exercise group (n = 19) and a control group (n = 23). The program consisted of walking, dancing, and resistance training exercises and was implemented, three times a week for 6 weeks. Significant ameliorations (p < 0.05) were reported for body mass, hip circumference, aerobic capacity, functional ability, muscular strength, balance, and flexibility with varying degrees of effect sizes. The combined exercise training program showed a significant positive impact on various parameters associated with functional fitness for adults with intellectual disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 5,700 people are diagnosed with myeloma each year in the UK. The standard of care is to receive an autologous stem cell transplant after completion of induction therapy. There are no specific dietary recommendations for people with myeloma, however they are at risk of malnutrition due to symptoms and side effects of treatments. This report describes the journey of a 73-year-old male diagnosed with immunoglobulin A (IgA) lambda myeloma in April 2021. The patient lost 23% of his body weight during 6 months of systemic anti-cancer treatment (SACT), resulting in postponing his transplant twice due to reduced fitness. This report describes an effective, although late, multidisciplinary intervention which was successful for the patient who managed to reestablish a healthy weight and good quality of life. The patient received his transplant in January 2023. This case highlights two important aspects of patient care that should not be underestimated in dietetic clinical practice: early screening and multidisciplinary collaboration. Monitoring the nutritional status of patients and providing early nutrition support can prevent hospital admissions, treatment delays and reduce the associated costs. Multidisciplinary teamwork can improve patient care and clinical outcomes, and it is fundamental to strengthen communication and collaboration among clinical disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mediation role of muscle quantity in the relationship between physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) in adolescents. This cross-sectional study conducted with 120 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 10 and 17 years. Body mass, height, fat mass (FM), lean mass, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and 1 repetition maximum strength (1-RM) with evaluation of the leg press 45° (RM-leg), bench press (RM-bench) and arm curl (RM-arm). Body mass index z-score, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, lean mass index (LMI), muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR), age at peak height velocity, and CMRF z-score were calculated. The direct relation between FM and CMRF was mediated by the LMI (26%) and inverse relation between CRF and CMRF was mediated by the LMI (26%). For girls, the direct relation between FM and CMRF was mediated by the LMI (32%); the inverse relation between CRF, RM-leg, RM-arm and CMRF was mediated by the LMI (32%, 33%, and 32%, respective). For boys, the indirect effect was not significant, indicating that LMI is not a mediator in the relation between FM, CRF, 1-RM with CMRF. The direct relation between RM-leg and CMRF was mediated by the MRF (16%). This finding evidenced the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle to improve physical fitness levels and the quantity of muscle mass in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite frequent discussions on the link between physical and mental health, the specific impact of physical fitness on mental well-being is yet to be fully established. Method: This study, carried out between January 2022 and August 2023, involved 4,484 Chinese University students from eight universities located in various regions of China. It aimed to examine the association between physical fitness on psychological well-being. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and logistic regression were used to analyze the association between physical fitness indicators (e.g., Body Mass Index (BMI), vital capacity, and endurance running) and mental health, assessed using Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). All procedures were ethically approved, and participants consented to take part in. Results: Our analysis revealed that BMI, vital capacity, and endurance running scores significantly influence mental health indicators. Specifically, a 1-point increase in BMI increases the likelihood of an abnormal psychological state by 10.9%, while a similar increase in vital capacity and endurance running decreases the risk by 2.1% and 4.1%, respectively. In contrast, reaction time, lower limb explosiveness, flexibility, and muscle strength showed no significant effects on psychological states (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Improvements in BMI, vital capacity, and endurance running capabilities are associated with better mental health outcomes, highlighting their potential importance in enhancing overall well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postpartum physical activity is a public health issue. Reporting on the quality of exercise interventions designs must be ensured in view of the reproducibility and successful implementation of such studies. The objective was to develop and preliminary validate a physical exercise program for postpartum recovery, aiming to promote physical fitness and health of the new mothers. The study was carried out through the three stages of development, piloting, and evaluation. The Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) was used to describe the postpartum exercise program. The Criteria for Reporting the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions in Healthcare (CReDECI2) was followed to develop and preliminary validate the program. A tailored postpartum exercise program was developed based on evidence-based international recommendations to be implemented by qualified exercise professionals. A pilot intervention of 16 weeks was carried out, engaging a group of postpartum women. The viability of the program was subsequently evaluated by all participants. The present work provided guidance to develop a study protocol with a larger sample in order to prove the effectiveness of a supervised postpartum exercise program on selected parameters of health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plyometric training (PT) is an effective training method for improving physical fitness among trained individuals; however, its impact on health-related physical fitness in untrained participants remains ambiguous. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of PT on health-related physical fitness among untrained participants. Six electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE Complete, Web of Science Core Collection, SCOPUS, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched until March 2024. We included controlled trials that examined the effects of PT on health-related physical fitness indices in untrained participants. Twenty-one studies were eligible, including a total of 1263 participants. Our analyses revealed small to moderate effects of PT on body mass index, muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and flexibility (ES = 0.27–0.61; all p > 0.05). However, no significant effects were detected for body fat percentage and lean mass (ES = 0.21–0.41; all p > 0.05). In conclusion, the findings suggest that PT may be potentially effective in improving health-related physical fitness indices (i.e., body mass index, muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and flexibility) in untrained participants. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to data limitations in some fitness variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: One of the most prevalent malignancies across the world is female breast cancer, accounting for 25% of all diagnosed cancers. Physical exercise has been recognized as an important strategy for prevention and treatment during the cancer continuum. Home-based exercise programs can produce greater adherence rates than in-person interventions. However, the majority of home-based programs are carried out employing practical guides, brochures or electronic materials without supervision, which can increase the risk of injury and adverse effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a synchronous-supervised online home-based exercise program during 24 weeks on body composition, physical fitness and adherence compared to an exercise recommendation group without supervision with patients undergoing breast cancer treatment. We confirmed that supervised home-based exercise interventions can be an interesting strategy to improve physical fitness and adherence rates in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of a synchronous-supervised online home-based exercise program (HBG) during 24 weeks on body composition, physical fitness and adherence compared to an exercise recommendation group (ERG) without supervision with patients undergoing breast cancer treatment. Fifty-nine female breast cancer patients (31 in HBG and 28 in the ERG) undergoing cancer treatments participated in the present randomized clinical trial. The exercise program consisted of a 60 min combined resistance and aerobic supervised exercise session (6–8 points on Borg Scale CR-10, moderate intensity), twice a week during 24 weeks. The exercise recommendation group only received general recommendations to comply with the current ACSM guidelines. Body composition and physical fitness were assessed at baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks of the program. Adherence to the intervention was measured according to the minutes of exercise completed per session during each week. A general linear model of two-way repeated measures showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in physical fitness that were observed in the home-based exercise group at the baseline, 12-week and 24-week assessments compared to the exercise recommendation group. Adherence was also higher in the home-based exercise group. However, no changes (p > 0.05) in body composition between groups and moments were observed. In this sense, supervised home-based exercise interventions can be an interesting strategy to improve physical fitness and adherence rates in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The majority of cases of colorectal cancer occur in those over the age of 65. Treatment of colorectal cancer in older adults warrants specific considerations due to the effects of aging on comorbidities, functional and cognitive status, and socioeconomic factors. Several recent advances have been made to improve oncological outcomes and reduce toxicities with colorectal cancer treatments in both localized and metastatic disease settings. This review highlights the importance of comprehensive geriatric assessment and provides recommendations to guide the management of older adults with colorectal cancer. It summarizes prospective data from recently reported clinical trials focused on older adults. Other recommendations must at times rely on extrapolations and post hoc analyses due to the underrepresentation of older adults in colorectal cancer trials. This review should also, therefore, serve as a call to action for the field to increase the representation of this substantial and often vulnerable group of patients in future colorectal cancer trials. Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant global health challenge. Notably, the risk of CRC escalates with age, with the majority of cases occurring in those over the age of 65. Despite recent progress in tailoring treatments for early and advanced CRC, there is a lack of prospective data to guide the management of older patients, who are frequently underrepresented in clinical trials. This article reviews the contemporary landscape of managing older individuals with CRC, highlighting recent advancements and persisting challenges. The role of comprehensive geriatric assessment is explored. Opportunities for treatment escalation/de-escalation, with consideration of the older adult's fitness level. are reviewed in the neoadjuvant, surgical, adjuvant, and metastatic settings of colon and rectal cancers. Immunotherapy is shown to be an effective treatment option in older adults who have CRC with microsatellite instability. Promising new technologies such as circulating tumor DNA and recent phase III trials adding later-line systemic therapy options are discussed. Clinical recommendations based on the data available are summarized. We conclude that deliberate efforts to include older individuals in future colorectal cancer trials are essential to better guide the management of these patients in this rapidly evolving field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the increased demand for home workouts owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, this study proposes a new approach to real-time exercise posture classification based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) in an ensemble learning system. By utilizing MediaPipe, the proposed system extracts the joint coordinates and angles of the human body, which the CNN uses to learn the complex patterns of various exercises. Additionally, this new approach enhances classification performance by combining predictions from multiple image frames using an ensemble learning method. Infinity AI's Fitness Basic Dataset is employed for validation, and the experiments demonstrate high accuracy in classifying exercises such as arm raises, squats, and overhead presses. The proposed model demonstrated its ability to effectively classify exercise postures in real time, achieving high rates in accuracy (92.12%), precision (91.62%), recall (91.64%), and F1 score (91.58%). This indicates its potential application in personalized fitness recommendations and physical therapy services, showcasing the possibility for beneficial use in these fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to compare the mental health and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of adolescents in two cross-sectional cohorts, one measured in 2003 and the other in 2015, both at age 15 and across sexes. The study also sought to estimate the association between mental health and CRF in the two cohorts and examine the relationship between the level of CRF and mental health in each cohort overall and by sex. Data from 443 participants born in 1988 (228 males, 215 females) and 303 participants born in 1999 (126 males, 177 females) were analyzed. Mental health was assessed using self-reports of body image, self-esteem, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. CRF was estimated using a maximal cycle ergometer test. From 2003 to 2015, body image scores improved (p =.043), self-esteem remained stable, and CRF declined significantly (p <.001). No self-esteem differences were observed between sexes in any cohort. Males had higher CRF and body image scores than females in both cohorts (p <.001 for all comparisons). Higher CRF correlated with fewer depressive symptoms across sexes and cohorts. Specifically, higher CRF was associated with anxiety in females and improved body image in males (2003) and both sexes (2015). Increased CRF was linked to higher self-esteem in females but not in males. Overall, higher CRF levels were associated with better mental health outcomes for both sexes. These results highlight the potential of improving adolescent mental health through increased physical fitness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Task-specific training generally targets motor function, with the ultimate goal of improving quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to determine whether motor function indirectly affects QoL through daily use of the affected arm and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with chronic stroke. This was a retrospective cohort study of 155 patients who received training for 90–120 min/session, 3–5 sessions/week, for 4–6 weeks. The training involved specific mirror or robot-assisted therapy, followed by functional task practice for 15–30 min in each session. Patients were assessed before and after the intervention. At both pre-test and post-test, significant indirect effects of motor function on QoL through daily use of the affect arm and ADL were observed (β = 0.087–0.124). When the change scores of the measures between the pre-test and post-test were used, significant mediating effects of daily arm use on the relationship between motor function and QoL were identified (β = 0.094–0.103). Enhanced motor function after intervention may lead to an increase in arm use for daily activities and subsequently result in an improvement in QoL. These results highlight the critical role of daily arm use in task-specific training aimed at improving QoL. Task-specific training may improve motor function, daily arm use, activities of daily living, and quality of life in patients with mild-to-moderate arm hemiparesis. To improve quality of life in task-specific training, clinicians may work in sequence from motor function to daily arm use and then to activities of daily living. Emphasizing the use of the affected arm in daily life is critical to improve quality of life in task-specific training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Elastic band resistance training in elderly individuals can improve physical fitness and promote mental health in addition to other benefits. This systematic review aimed to review, summarize, and evaluate quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methodological studies on the use of elastic band resistance training in elderly individuals, and to investigate the influence of elastic band resistance training on the physical and mental health of elderly individuals, as well as their preferences and obstacles in training. Methods: A convergent separation approach was used to synthesize and integrate the results, specifically the mixed systematic review approach recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The extensive search strategy included electronic database searches in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and CINAHL. The researchers rigorously screened the literature, extracted and analyzed the data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Results: Twenty-eight studies were included, of which 25 were quantitative studies, 2 were qualitative studies, and 1 was a mixed-methods study. A total of 1,697 subjects were investigated across all studies. Quantitative evidence supports the notion that elastic band resistance training can improve upper and lower limb flexibility, endurance, upper strength, physical balance, and cardiopulmonary function and enhance the mental health of elderly individuals. Participants in the qualitative study reported some preferences and obstacles with band resistance training, but most participants reported physical benefits. Conclusions: Despite the heterogeneity between studies, this review is the first systematic review to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of elastic band resistance training in older adults. It not only shows the influence of elastic band resistance training on the physical and mental health of the elderly, but also emphasizes the preference and obstacles of elderly individuals face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about why patients with low back pain (LBP) respond differently to treatment, and more specifically, to a lumbar stabilization exercise program. As a first step toward answering this question, the present study evaluates how subgroups of patients who demonstrate large and small clinical improvements differ in terms of physical and psychological changes during treatment. Methods: Participants (n = 110) performed the exercise program (clinical sessions and home exercises) over eight weeks, with 100 retained at six-month follow-up. Physical measures (lumbar segmental instability, motor control impairments, range of motion, trunk muscle endurance and physical performance tests) were collected twice (baseline, end of treatment), while psychological measures (fear-avoidance beliefs, pain catastrophizing, psychological distress, illness perceptions, outcome expectations) were collected at four time points (baseline, mid-treatment, end of treatment, follow-up). The participants were divided into three subgroups (large, moderate and small clinical improvements) based on the change of perceived disability scores. ANOVA for repeated measure compared well-contrasted subgroups (large vs. small improvement) at different times to test for SUBGROUP × TIME interactions. Results: Statistically significant interactions were observed for several physical and psychological measures. In all these interactions, the large- and small-improvement subgroups were equivalent at baseline, but the large-improvement subgroup showed more improvements over time compared to the small-improvement subgroup. For psychological measures only (fear-avoidance beliefs, pain catastrophizing, illness perceptions), between-group differences reached moderate to strong effect sizes, at the end of treatment and follow-up. Conclusions: The large-improvement subgroup showed more improvement than the small-improvement subgroup with regard to physical factors typically targeted by this specific exercise program as well as for psychological factors that are known to influence clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esophageal carcinoma is one of the most common digestive tract malignancies and poses a serious health threat to patients. This study discussed the influence of stepwise nutrition management and comprehensive nursing on esophageal carcinoma patients, which can shed light on the future clinical treatment of esophageal carcinoma. A total of 107 esophageal carcinoma patients admitted to our hospital between July 2022 and June 2023 were divided into a control group (n = 54) that received conventional care and an experimental group (n = 53) that received stepwise nutrition management along with comprehensive care. The postoperative rehabilitation time and clinical efficacy of the two groups were statistically analyzed, and differences in nutritional status and physical fitness before and after care were determined. The results showed that the experimental group had a faster first postoperative anal exhaust, bowel movement, ambulation, and anastomotic healing time than the control group (P < 0.05). No marked intergroup difference was identified in the overall response rate (P > 0.05). In addition, better nutritional status and physical fitness were observed in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The experimental group exhibited a lower incidence of adverse reactions (P < 0.05) than the control group. These findings demonstrated the vital role of stepwise nutrition management in combination with comprehensive nursing for esophageal carcinoma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary heart disease is one of the cardiovascular disorders with a high risk of morbidity and mortality among older adults. Percutaneous coronary intervention is the most effective treatment for coronary heart disease. However, there are substantial safety concerns for postoperative lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis and nutrient loss. Herein, we randomly divided 112 patients with coronary heart disease into an experimental group who received progressive rehabilitation nursing care based on the information/knowledge/attitude/practice theory and a control group who received conventional nursing care. We found that the experimental group had a lower incidence of deep venous thrombosis, better cardiac function, enhanced physical fitness, and nutritional status than the control group after nursing care. Moreover, we observed better self-care ability, quality of life, and higher nursing satisfaction in the experimental group than in the control group. We demonstrated the importance of information/knowledge/attitude/practice theory-based progressive rehabilitation care in providing a more reliable safety guarantee for deep venous thrombosis and nutritional status for patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention, as recommended in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Running-related injuries are prevalent in the military and are often related to physical fitness test training. Non-rearfoot striking while running is known to increase the risk of Achilles tendon injuries because of the high eccentric energy absorption by the elastic components of the planarflexor muscle-tendon complex. However, there is limited evidence to suggest benefits of converting runners with Achilles tendon pain to use a rearfoot strike. Methods This is a case series of two active-duty Service members with chronic, running-related Achilles tendon pain that utilized a natural non-rearfoot strike pattern. Both patients were trained to utilize a rearfoot strike while running through the use of real-time visual feedback from wearable sensors. Results The trained rearfoot strike pattern was retained for over one month after the intervention, and both patients reported improvements in pain and self-reported function. Conclusions This case series demonstrated the clinical utility of converting two non-rearfoot strike runners to a rearfoot strike pattern to decrease eccentric demands on the plantarflexors and reduce Achilles tendon pain while running. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Shoulder injuries account for approximately 8% to 24% of all musculoskeletal injuries in the military. Recently, a change was made to service-specific physical fitness tests. Knowledge of relative shoulder labral injury rates before and after this change would help guide future directions and preventive strategies. However, we found no previous literature evaluating the rates of labral injury among United States Military branch personnel by enlistment status (enlisted versus officer), gender, age, or race. Materials and Methods In this retrospective epidemiological study, we queried the Defense Medical Epidemiology Database for International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code S43.43 (superior glenoid labrum lesion) to determine the total number of patients with a shoulder labral injury from 2016 to 2019. Results were assessed for demographic associations of shoulder labral injury with branch, service occupation, rank, gender, race, and age. Queries were limited to first-time occurrences and ambulatory data only. Results Overall, our study found the incidence of shoulder labral injuries to be largely conserved each year from 2016 to 2019 (3.22–3.35/1000/year). Incidence of labral injury was highest in males, White service members, the junior enlisted, the Army service branch, ages 20 to 29, and enlisted non-combat personnel. Conclusions With knowledge of injury patterns in specific military populations, initiatives may be taken to identify at-risk service members with the goal of informing future preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Childhood obesity is a major health concern and physical activity is commonly proposed as an intervention strategy to combat the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in young people. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high-intensity, supervised, rowing ergometer training on maximal and submaximal rowing performance in healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (12-13 yr). Methods: Participants were randomized to either 6 wk of supervised rowing ergometry, comprising of 2 sessions per week with each session comprising of 2 x 3-min bouts of high-intensity rowing ergometry (n = 57), or a control group who continued with their habitual activities (n = 45). At baseline and follow-up, rowing performance was assessed via a submaximal test and a 3-min maximal test. Results: Six weeks of rowing ergometer training significantly improved maximal exercise performance; total distance rowed in a 3-min maximal effort improved by 19.7 m (2.7%) (time x group, P = 0.018) and produced a significant reduction in perceived effort in response to a set submaximal load (60 W) (time x group, P = 0.040). At baseline total distance rowed during the 3-min maximal test was significantly affected by body mass (main effect of body mass, P = 0.002), whereby a higher body mass was associated with enhanced rowing performance. However, the pattern of change over time was not different between healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (time x group x waist centile, P = 0.577). Conclusions: A 6-wk high-intensity rowing ergometry training intervention improved maximal rowing performance. This improvement was similar in healthy weight versus overweight and obese adolescents; yet overall over-weight and obese adolescents had superior rowing performance compared to their healthy weight counterparts, suggesting that rowing may be an attractive exercise modality for interventions in overweight and obese young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Previous studies ranging from 2 to 12 wk of sprint interval training (SIT) have reported improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (...O2max) and neuromuscular function in sedentary populations. However, whether the time course of the changes in these variables correlates with greater training volumes is unclear. Methods: Thirteen sedentary participants performed three all-out training weekly sessions involving 15-s sprints interspersed with 2 min of recovery on a cycle ergometer. The 6-wk training program was composed of three identical blocks of 2 wk in which training volume was increased from 10 to 14 repetitions over the first four sessions and reduced to 8 in the last session. The power output and the heart rate (HR) were monitored during the sessions. The ...O2max, the power-force-velocity profile, and the isometric force were assessed every 2 wk from baseline. Results: A significant increase in ...O2max was observed from the second week plateauing thereafter despite four additional weeks of training. The dynamic force production increased from the second week, and the speed production decreased by the end of the protocol. The isometric force and the maximal power output from the power-force-velocity profile did not change. Importantly, the time spent at high percentages of the maximal HR during the training sessions was lower in the second and third training block compared with the first. Conclusions: SIT resulted in an effective approach for rapidly increasing ...O2max, and no change in the isometric force was found; cycling-specific neuromuscular adaptations were observed from the second week of training. SIT may be useful in the short term, but further improvement of overall physical fitness might need other training modalities like endurance and/or resistance training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Exercise-induced cell-free DNA (ei-cfDNA) has been studied in response to various types of exercise. Its correlation with exercise intensity and duration has been observed consistently. However, comprehensive measurements and exploration of the tissue of origin are lacking. The aim of this study is to establish precise connections between exercise variables and the distribution of tissue of origin, aiming to provide further evidence supporting its use as a biomarker for exercise. Methods: Twelve self-identified active adults (six men and six women) performed a crossover study starting with either endurance testing or resistance testing under different intensities and protocols. We obtained blood before and after each exercise session and measured the levels of cfDNA and determined its tissue of origin utilizing cell type-specific DNA methylation patterns in plasma. Results: We found that when duration and intensity are fixed, ei-cfDNA fold change correlates with energy expenditure (P = 0.001) in endurance testing and years trained (P = 0.001) in resistance testing. Most of the ei-cfDNA comes from increases in white blood cells (~95%) where neutrophils make up the majority (~74%) and the distribution is different between exercise modalities and protocols. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of exercise-induced cfDNA as a biomarker for exercise, showing correlations with energy expenditure and a consistent pattern of tissue origin. Additional research is needed to investigate potential sex differences in the response of cfDNA to exercise, further exploring its clinical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's rapidly evolving educational environment, there is a pressing need to train teachers to respond to the increasingly diverse needs of students. Although physical education teacher education (PETE) programs across the country offer a wide variety of early field experiences for students, very few provide opportunities to work with currently incarcerated youths. One such partnership exists at Northern Illinois University (NIU), with a collaboration between the PETE program, the Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice, and Project FLEX. Project FLEX is a physical activity and life skills program for incarcerated youths, one of the only current programs in the United States. The program's primary aims are to incorporate life skill content into sport programming that fosters the transfer of these skills outside of programming and to engage youth in activities that increased physical activity levels while encouraging improvements to their sedentary lifestyle. The purpose of this article is to highlight the partnership between Project FLEX, the Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice, and the PETE program at NIU, discuss the partnership's impact on those involved, and share some potential future directions of the partnership. Further explanation of the interplay between the PETE program, the student's roles and responsibilities within Project FLEX, and how such early field experiences are currently situated within the PETE program will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical fitness is key to a successful outcome. Physical fitness is directly related to the ability of an individual to perform physical activity or exercise. Physical fitness can be measured using cardiopulmonary efficiency tests such as the Physical Fitness Index (PFI %), which is an excellent indicator of cardiopulmonary efficiency. Body Mass Index (BMI) is often used as an indicator of obesity. Aims and Objectives: The present study is aimed to assess the relationship between physical fitness index and BMI among the students of age group 18-24 years. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was done to assess the relation between physical fitness index and body mass index. A total of 150 subjects (80 males and 70 females) in the age group 18-24 years participated in the study. Descriptive data for age (years), height (m), and weight (Kg) were obtained and BMI was calculated. Physical fitness index (PFI) was measured using Chester's step test. Results: Physical fitness index and Physical parameters like, mean height, weight, BMI were higher among male than female participants. Difference of weight, height, BMI and PFI among male and female were statistically significant. The study found negative association (r-value=-0.466) between BMI and physical fitness, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: The results showed that the physical fitness index of the subjects differed significantly, with the subjects of normal weight possessing a higher fitness than the overweight/obese subjects. Fitness index decreased progressively as the BMI increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Individuals living with multiple myeloma are likely to have bone destruction as a consequence of their disease, leading healthcare providers to be reluctant to recommend physical activity. The aim of this prospective trial was to assess the feasibility of six-month strength training and walking interventions in patients with multiple myeloma. Various assessments of physical function and pain were performed at multiple timepoints throughout the trial. Participants saw improvements in mobility, leg strength, aerobic capacity, and endurance, with more pronounced and sustained improvements in the strength training arm, particularly in leg strength. This small trial showed the feasibility and benefits of both strength training and walking interventions in patients living with multiple myeloma. A larger trial extending these findings is underway at our institution. Because of the high prevalence of bone destruction in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), physical exercise is oftentimes discouraged by healthcare providers. The goal of this prospective trial was to investigate the feasibility of two six-month exercise interventions in patients with MM (N = 42): a remotely prompted home-based walking intervention or a supervised strength training intervention. Physical function and pain were assessed with the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) Basic Mobility Short Form raw score, a six-minute walk test (6 MWT), a 30-second sit-to-stand test (30 SST), a timed up-and-go (TUG) test, a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, handheld dynamometer tests, heart rate at rest, blood oxygen saturation at rest, and body mass index. No intervention-related serious adverse events were observed. Adverse events mostly affected the musculoskeletal system. In the resistance training group (n = 24), patients showed significant improvements in AM-PAC, TUG, 6 MWT, and 30 SST, with all effects but the 6 MWT sustained six months after the intervention. The walking group (n = 18) saw improvements in the AM-PAC, TUG, 6 MWT, and 30 SST, with a sustained change in the AM-PAC and TUG. This trial shows the feasibility of both exercise interventions with a sustained beneficial effect on the physical functioning of a six-month strength training intervention and, to a lesser extent, a six-month unsupervised walking intervention. A larger study building on these findings is currently underway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Providing preferred leisure activities appears to be an important approach to support and empower people receiving adult day services (ADS) allowing them to age in place. To provide the conceptualization for a preference instrument, we actively involved people receiving ADS in exploring the content and structure of their preferences for leisure activities. Research Design and Methods We chose a concept mapping methodology and involved 16 people receiving ADS. We systematically reviewed the literature and conducted semistructured interviews to generate a set of 80 preferences. Analysis of structuring these preferences resulted in a 3-dimensional cube with 12 clusters. A graphical representation was then interpreted , and the clusters were labeled. Results Our conceptualization divides preferences for leisure activities into the following: 1. Take a trip , 2. Revel in memories and catch up on the news (most important), 3. Do something for yourself and come to rest , 4. Play intelligence and parlor games , 5. Make/produce and try something alone or in a group , 6. Keep fit and cheer others on in sports (least important), 7. Learn, educate, and share knowledge , 8. Have contact with other people , 9. Attend at entertainment, cultural, and amusement events , 10. Enjoy music, your homeland, or other countries , 11. Engage in outdoor activities , and 12. Get involved, offer support, and provide companionship. Discussion and Implications Our results may lead to the development of instruments and thus opens the field for further research and theory building on preferences for leisure activities of people receiving ADS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low back pain (LBP) is a common injury in golf. There are several outcomes used to quantify LBP-related disability, such as core endurance tests and questionnaires. The primary purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between college golfers with and without LBP. A secondary purpose was to determine relationships between these measures. We found no difference between groups for Biering-Sørensen endurance p = .558). Episodes of LBP were significantly related to the Oswestry Disability Index (p =.491) and Golf-specific LBP questionnaire (p =-.576). Oswestry Disability Index and Golf-specific LBP questionnaire also demonstrated a moderate relationship (p =-.604). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through changing the way games are represented, classification systems have increased possibilities for teaching game forms beyond structured adult and singular official versions of popular sports. At the time of inception, the four-game form approach to classification (target, net/wall, striking/fielding, and invasion games) enabled modified, small sided conditioned games to be adapted to suit individual attributes, whilst reinforcing a core set of tactical and technical elements for transfer. With global shifts in patterns of sport participation, it is timely to review this dominant classification frame and the role it plays within physical education (PE). This paper proposes changes to classification boundaries around games and sports in PE to establish a classification system that is inclusive of a wider range of games and sports and growing forms of participation that we contend are important for PE. The paper also argues for a broader conceptualisation of tactics, with social, environmental and affective dimensions a focal point for a revised, contemporary classification framework. The paper draws on Bernstein's notions of classification and frame to explore the pedagogical utility of the dominant games and sport classification used in PE and ways in which it could be revised. Each author independently undertook a structured mapping exercise designed to facilitate exploration and potential classification of a wide range of contemporary activities potentially relevant for physical education. The paper proposes the addition of lap or circuit sports, route or journey sports, rush or action sports, stunts or tricking sports and rhythmic or aesthetic sports to broaden the learning and participation possibilities for young people and tune teachers into contemporary movement forms. The paper proposes sample questions that extend the tactical foci inherent in classification to encompass meaning, social, and ecological considerations for learning in PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total anaerobic contribution (AC[La-]+PCr) is a valid and reliable methodology. However, the active muscle mass plays an important role in the AC[La-]+PCr determination, which might influence its reliability. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two exhaustive intensities on the reliability of the AC[La-]+PCr during a one-legged knee extension (1L-KE) exercise. Thirteen physically active males were submitted to a graded exercise to determine the peak power output (PPO) in the 1L-KE. Then, two constant-load exercises were conducted to task failure at 100% (TTF100) and 110% (TTF110) of PPO, and the exercises were repeated on a third day. The blood lactate accumulation and the oxygen uptake after exercise were used to estimate the anaerobic lactic and alactic contributions, respectively. Higher values of AC[La-]+PCr were found after the TTF100 compared to TTF110 (p=0.042). In addition, no significant differences (p=0.432), low systematic error (80.9 mL), and a significant ICC (0.71; p=0.004) were found for AC[La-]+PCr in the TTF100. However, an elevated coefficient of variation was found (13.7%). In conclusion, we suggest the use of the exhaustive efforts performed at 100% of the PPO with the 1L-KE model, but its elevated individual variability must be carefully considered in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-endurance sports and exercise events are becoming increasingly popular for older age groups. We aimed to evaluate changes in cardiac function and physical fitness in males aged 50–60 years who completed a 50-day transoceanic rowing challenge. This case account of four self-selected males included electro- and echo-cardiography (ECG, echo), cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness measures recorded nine months prior to and three weeks after a transatlantic team-rowing challenge. No clinically significant changes to myocardial function were found over the course of the study. The training and race created expected functional changes to left ventricular and atrial function; the former associated with training, the latter likely due to dehydration, both resolving towards baseline within three weeks post-event. From race-start to finish all rowers lost 8.4–15.6 kg of body mass. Absolute cardiorespiratory power and muscular strength were lower three weeks post-race compared to pre-race, but cardiorespiratory exercise economy improved in this same period. A structured program of moderate-vigorous aerobic endurance and muscular training for>6 months, followed by 50-days of transoceanic rowing in older males proved not to cause any observable acute or potential long-term risks to cardiovascular health. Pre-event screening, fitness testing, and appropriate training is recommended, especially in older participants where age itself is an increasingly significant risk factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the variability of the components of fitness along the menstrual cycle (MC) of physically active eumenorrheic women. Fifteen subjects were monitored along two consecutive MCs through the calendar-based counting method in combination with a urine luteinizing hormone surge kit. Subjects were tested at the early follicular phase (EFP), pre-ovulatory or late follicular phase (LFP), and post-ovulatory or mid-luteal phase (MLP). In each session, the back squat one-repetition maximum (1-RM), maximum fat oxidation (MFO), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and acute recovery capacity were determined. The results revealed a wide variability among components of fitness and a low to high variability among subjects (acute recovery: 3.6% [range 1.5 to 9.5%]; back squat 1-RM: 6.1% [range 2.2 to 11%]; VO2max : 6.6% [range 1.1 to 15%]; MFO: 23% [range 4.6 to 35%]). Despite the individual nature, considering the number and magnitude of the responses in each MC phase, VO2max and acute recovery capacity tended to be enhanced at the LFP, the MFO at the MLP, and the back squat 1-RM remained stable along the MC. Thus, practitioners are aware of which components are susceptible to change along the MC phase, but an individual monitoring is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric heart (HTx) and kidney transplant (KTx) recipients may have lower physical fitness than healthy children. This study sought to quantify fitness levels in transplant recipients, investigate associations to clinical factors and quality of life, and identify whether a quick, simple wall‐sit test is feasible as a surrogate for overall fitness for longitudinal assessment. Methods: Aerobic capacity (6‐min walk test, 6MWT), normalized muscle strength, muscle endurance, physical activity questionnaire (PAQ), and quality of life (PedsQL™) were prospectively assessed in transplanted children and matched healthy controls. Results: Twenty‐two HTx were compared to 20 controls and 6 KTx. 6MWT %predicted was shorter in HTx (87.2 [69.9–118.6] %) than controls (99.9 [80.4–120] %), but similar to KTx (90.3 [78.6–115] %). Muscle strength was lower in HTx deltoids (6.15 [4.35–11.3] kg/m2) and KTx quadriceps (9.27 [8.65–19.1] kg/m2) versus controls. Similarly, muscle endurance was lower in HTx push‐ups (28.6 [0–250] %predicted), KTx push‐ups (8.35 [0–150] %predicted), HTx curl‐ups (115 [0–450] %predicted), and KTx wall‐sit time (18.5 [10.0–54.0] s) than controls. In contrast to HTx with only 9%, all KTx were receiving steroid therapy. The wall‐sit test significantly correlated with other fitness parameters (normalized quadriceps strength R =.31, #push‐ups R =.39, and #curl‐ups R =.43) and PedsQL™ (R =.36). Conclusions: Compared to controls, pediatric HTx and KTx have similarly lower aerobic capacity, but different deficits in muscle strength, likely related to steroid therapy in KTx. The convenient wall‐sit test correlates with fitness and reported quality of life, and thus could be a useful easy routine for longitudinal assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how older Korean and Chinese migrants living in Perth, Australia, engage in various beauty, grooming and fitness practices to negotiate "successful ageing" in transnational contexts. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 30 men and women aged between 60 and 89, we examine what social meanings are attached to these practices, and how the transnational context of living in Australia has influenced the participants' perceptions of ageing and presentation of self in later life. Migration in later life is often considered in relation to the 'host' countries values and social practices, which can make it difficult for individuals to settle and feel a sense of belonging especially in later life. In this article, we will illustrate how gender, class, and cultural dispositions intersect and link with possibilities for defining and redefining successful ageing in migrant contexts. This study illustrates how successful ageing emerges as a malleable concept that draws on ideas of an ideal ageing body from the cultural values of the 'home' country, rather than the 'host' country. The findings illustrate how in everyday lived experience, the transnational habitus does not always necessarily result in a 'divided habitus' where the values of the 'home' country and that of the 'host' country are in conflict – even when the migration experience is relatively recent. Quite the contrary, the way the participants utilise everyday beauty, fitness and grooming practices to maintain a future-focused self in the context of 'home' country's age-appropriate body ideals to perform signifiers of 'successful migrant living' point to the positive aspects that appearance management can have on an individual in later life, particularly in migrant contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low fitness and obesity at midlife are individually associated with later‐life decline in cognition and health. However, the relationship between profiles of midlife fitness and obesity with midlife cognition is unclear and was examined by this study. Participants from the third follow‐up of the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study (2014–2019; aged 36–49 years) were assessed for obesity (body mass index [BMI]), cardiorespiratory (physical work capacity) and muscular fitness (isometric grip and leg strength), and these factors were entered into a latent profile analysis. Psychomotor‐attention, learning–working memory and global cognition composites were derived from z‐scores of individual CogState battery tests. Linear regression analyses examined associations between profiles of fitness and obesity with cognition, adjusting for age, sex, education, alcohol and smoking. Using data from 617 participants [44.4 ± 2.6 (mean ± SD) years, 52% female], we identified 5 mutually exclusive profiles of obesity and fitness. Relative to those with the lowest fitness and highest BMI (5% of sample), those with a profile of (1) highest muscular fitness and average BMI (9%), (2) average muscular fitness and BMI (61%) and (3) highest cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and below average BMI (7%) all exhibited better global cognition [at least 0.44 (0.12, 0.77) SD, 95% CI] and psychomotor‐attention performance [at least 0.59 (0.27, 0.91) SD, 95% CI]. Compared with low fitness and unhealthy BMI levels, possessing average or high muscular and CRF and a healthy BMI in midlife was associated with better cognitive performance. Enhancing fitness and reducing obesity in midlife could contribute to improved cognitive performance in middle age. Highlights: Profiles containing adults with a combination of low levels of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and higher levels of obesity were associated with lower psychomotor‐attention and global cognition at midlife.Possessing average or higher levels of fitness, and lower obesity at midlife, was associated with better cognitive performance at midlife compared to those with lower fitness and unhealthy BMIs.Maintaining fitness and reducing obesity at midlife may contribute to greater cognitive performance at midlife and beyond and reduce the risk of cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the effect of pre-exercise hyperhydration on endurance performance (primary outcome), heart rate, thermoregulation, and perceptual responses (secondary outcomes). Six academic databases were searched to February 2023. Only studies reporting differences in hydration between intervention and placebo/control were included. Meta-analysis determined overall effect size (Hedges' g), and meta-regression the influence of independent moderators (ambient temperature, hyperhydration agent, exercise mode, extent of hyperhydration). Overall, 10 publications generating 19 effect estimates for primary outcomes, and 11 publications reporting 48 effect estimates for secondary outcomes, were included. A small-to-moderate improvement in time-to-exhaustion (TTE) (Hedges' g = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13–0.50, p = 0.001) and time trial (TT) (g = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.002–0.51, p = 0.049) but not total work (TW) tasks (p = 0.120) was found following hyperhydration. No moderating effects were observed. No effect of hyperhydration was found for heart rate following steady state (SS) exercise (p = 0.069) or the performance task (p = 0.072), nor for body temperature post-SS (p = 0.132) or post-performance task (p = 0.349), but meta-regression of sodium versus glycerol showed lower body temperature post-performance task with sodium (g = 0.80, t (5) = 2.65, p = 0.046). No effects were found for perceived exertion or thermal comfort. Study heterogeneity was low, lacking representation of elite and female athletes, and weight-bearing (i.e., running) exercise modalities. These results suggest pre-exercise hyperhydration provides a small-to-moderate benefit to endurance performance in TTE and TT, but not TW performance tasks. While no moderating effects were observed, lack of heterogeneity makes it difficult to generalise these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Currently, only about half of U.S. adults achieve current physical activity guidelines. Routine physical activity is not regularly assessed, nor are patients routinely counseled by their healthcare provider on achieving recommended levels. The three-question physical activity vital sign (PAVS) was developed to assess physical activity duration and intensity and identify adults not meeting physical activity guidelines. Clinical decision support provided via a best practice advisory in an electronic health record (EHR) system can be triggered as a prompt, reminding healthcare providers to implement the best practice intervention when appropriate. Remote patient monitoring of physical activity can provide objective data in the EHR. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and clinical utility of embedding the PAVS and a triggered best practice advisor into the EHR in an ambulatory preventive cardiology practice setting to alert providers to patients reporting low physical activity and prompt healthcare providers to counsel these patients as needed. Methods: Three components based in the EHR were integrated for the purpose of this study: Patients completed the PAVS through their electronic patient portal prior to an office visit, a best practice advisory was created to prompt providers to counsel patients who reported low levels of physical activity, and remote patient monitoring via Fitbit synced to the EHR provided objective physical activity data. The intervention was pilot-tested in the Epic EHR for 1 year (July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022). Qualitative feedback on the intervention from both providers and patients was obtained at the completion of the study. Results: Monthly assessments of the use of the PAVS and best practice advisory and remote patient monitoring were completed. Patients' completion of the PAVS varied from 35% to 48% per month. The best practice advisory was signed by providers between 2% and 65% and was acknowledged by 2%–22% per month. The majority (58%) of patients were able to sync a Fitbit device to their EHR for remote monitoring. Discussion: Although uptake of each component needs improvement, this pilot demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating a physical activity promotion intervention into the EHR. Qualitative feedback provided guidance for future implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]