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In this paper, we explore the role of Nigerian Pidgin English (NPE) proverbs in language contact settings and their impact on the development of idiomatic phraseology in Nigerian English (NgE). In a set of 100 NPE proverbs, we identified lexical keywords that served as anchors for searches in the large‐scale Nairaland corpus to detect recurrent collocational patterns that in further proximity searches yielded frequent, lexico‐grammatically variable patterns that may be interpreted as innovations at the early stages of idiom formation. The findings suggest that cognitively motivated key lexical items of NPE proverbs may serve as a basis for the formation of variable but also lexico‐grammatically more condensed idiomatic expressions in NgE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the collocations produced by a set of fictive motion verbs found in a specialized corpus representing the language of adventure tourism. Since our ultimate aim is to contribute to the characterization of this specialized language, we defined two specific objectives: (1) to analyze the motion verbs and their meanings extracted from the Advencor corpus, and (2) to identify the collocates of these verbs as well as the semantic roles they express. After the application of our methodology, eight motion verbs produced 35 collocations satisfying all the established criteria. The results focus on different aspects: (1) the verbs convey distinct meanings, such as motion on a vertical axis or direction towards a destination; (2) the most recurrent combination is noun + verb, where the former describes the inanimate entity that seems to perform motion; (3) collocation production and collocation strength are not correlated; and (4) the collocates accompanying the verbs under analysis shed light on the argument structure of these verbs, for they represent one of the participants. In conclusion, this work provides relevant information about the phraseology of fictive motion verbs in the language of adventure tourism and proves the specialization of this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Method study is conducted to simplify the work or working methods and must go towards higher productivity. It is always desirable to perform the required function with the desired goal of minimum consumption of resources. Does method signify how a work is to be done i. e. the study of concepts is one of the most important issues of modern linguistics? Most scientists agree on the definition, where the concept is perceived as a mental unit that reflects the phenomena of reality, depending on the specific native speaker. There are several points of view on the problem of studying concepts. This article discusses the most important ways to explore the concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on regiolects commonly concentrates on phenomena of traditional dialectology. In his talk at the 6th IGDD congress in September 2018 Michael Elmentaler whatsoever plead to rather focus on characteristics of regiolects by themselves. As a scientific approach he mentioned regional phraseology. The following research project now focuses on the regional distribution of phrasemes and tries to find out whether participants are aware of these and which influence age has. Therefore 26 phrasemes, based on the Rheinisches Mitmachwörterbuch, an interactive online tool of the LVR-Institut für Landeskunde und Regionalgeschichte (ILR), that are not codified or coded „landschaftlich rheinisch/westmitteldeutsch“ in relevant lexicons are presented to participants. They then rated whether they knew and used these phrasemes or whether they were unknown to them. Moreover, participants were able to fill in variants of the idioms in question. First results from the study concerning awareness and age will be presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RILEX Revista Sobre Investigaciones Léxicas is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Germanoslavica - Zeitschrift für Germanoslawische Studien is the property of Slovansky ustav AV CR, v.v.i. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to examine, in the context of various types of idiomatic phrases and proverbs of Promessi sposi (1840-1842), the so-called somatic idioms, in particular those that contain lexemes referring to parts or organs of human anatomy. Examples are given, especially, of two categories of somatic idioms: first of all, those that have little attestation in the literary tradition prior to the novel, and of which vocabularies identify as the first example the Promessi sposi. Secondly, are analysed some of those found by the Author in vocabularies and writers, as documented in Manzoni's marginalia and linguistic works. The arguments given can help reveal Manzoni's idea of an Italian language formed with the common background of all dialects and prove that his novel convey the expressions examined in the current Italian phraseology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two terms oriolo (with his variations oriuolo, orivolo) and orologio are two variants used in diachrony to indicate the same referent (the instrument used to measure time and hours). Oriolo was a form that initially spread from Tuscan use, while orologio instead established itself during the nineteenth century and, above all, the twentieth century. Both lexemes have created idiomatic expressions and proverbs: the forms that were formed on oriolo are more attested in literature and more recorded in historical lexicography and Tuscan usage; expressions constructed on clock are not particularly attested in lexicography. The behavior of the two lexemes in the formation of idiomatic expressions is, therefore, partly contrary to the diffusion experienced by the two lexemes, which has allowed clock to always be the most widespread word of the two, compared to oriole which is the most attested. The contribution therefore aims to show the idiomatic expressions created on the two lexemes under study, and observe the dynamics of behavior in the diffusion of the forms and in their attestation in historical lexicography, in Tuscan use and in contemporary use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the presence of phraseological expressions in Alfredo Panzini's Dizionario Moderno, considering the first edition (1905) and the last edition edited by the author (1935). The rich phraseological variety of the dictionary reveals itself in various aspects: spoken and dialectal language, literary quotations, co-presence of various modern and ancient languages, specialist languages in their relationship with the common language. In the last paragraph, the essay analyses the role of phraseology in the light of Panzini's linguistic ideas: according to the author, phraseological expressions are a vital and fundamental element of every language. Their presence in the Dizionario Moderno thus shows Panzini's attention to the evolution of the Italian language in the first decades of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, which is part of the field of studies on Roman dialectal and regional phraseology, analyzes the idiomatic expression tre ppigne e 'na tenaja and its variant tre ppinze e 'na tenaja. This phraseological unit is documented in the 19th century: it is found in a roman poem of G.G. Belli (L'arma de Papa Grigorio, 1836). The aim is to reconstruct the history of this phraseologism and relate it to other expressions of the same semantic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From folk tales to literature, from mythology to animated films, and generally in the collective thought, the donkey has at times represented the symbolic animal of obstinacy, at other times of ignorance, and stupidity. Less frequently, it has been portrayed as indispensable, for example, when it becomes a symbol of patience and tireless. Numerous phraseological expressions and proverbial idioms related metaphorically to its physicality, behaviors, ways of acting, and work have crystallized over time in both Italian language and Sicilian dialect, and today they are fully integrated into daily linguistic uses. Starting from an analysis of the lexical elements it. asino / sic. sceccu, some classificatory considerations are proposed regarding the semantic value of 'donkey' in the idiomatic uses. It's studied inside a sample of phraseological and paremiological units that express characteristic and behavioral traits of the animal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polyrhematic male d'arcu corresponds to the evil of the rainbow. It belongs to the class of nominal and prepositional polyrhematic expressions. This work examines the main features of same diseases names' in the Salento dialect; also this paper presents the results of a short comparison between the complex words male d'arcu, male de Santu Dunatu/Tunatu and focu/fuecu de Sant'Antoni. In conclusion, we will study how the use of polyrhematics responds to a dramatic attempt to deal with the experience of pain or illness, in a way that is as acceptable as possible, so if we dedicate ourselves to the saint in question we can it alleviate our disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there are not comprehensive studies on the idioms used by Pier Paolo Pasolini in his vast literary and non-fiction production. There is only one essay, although rich in data and starting points, on a proverb cited in an article published in the weekly «Il mondo» in 1975 (Rondinelli 2017). This paper, therefore, essentially has three objectives: 1) to trace the idioms used by the Emilian writer, also referring to other interesting phraseology for the purposes of the research; 2) to provide information on the identified idioms, retracing the most significant elements of their history; 3) to identify the clues that explain their use in Pasolini. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on some aspects of quotations and pseudo-quotations appearing in memes. The intersection between memes and quotations or snowclones represents an interesting linguistic element, especially from the point of view of the diffusion of phraseology or of single syntagmas in Italian. It is also a fundamental element to understand some cultural dynamics of cultural communication through the social media and the web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number seven is, since ancient Eastern cultures, the one that most clearly expresses philosophical, religious, astrological and Kabbalistic symbolism. It is considered the symbol of value and balance. This paper aims to reconstruct the vicissitudes of the phraseology underlying the number seven in Italian and its dialects [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Italian language and in languages of the world, Rome is synonymous with power, eternal beauty, religious passion. The phraseology and proverbs linked to the capital of Italy retrace the phases of its ancient era, the imperial one, in which the city was a conqueror of Eurasia and the homeland of law. The phraseology and proverbs reflect the many images of a city that has a long and singular destiny and which, a few centuries after its foundation, immediately became a symbol of secular power, and immediately afterwards also of religious power. In its legendary history, the toponym Roma has forcefully entered the idioms, used to create metaphors that explain reality, to highlight the relationship between absolute power and subjects, without mentioning the ramifications of intrigues and injustices that have arisen from it. The research aims to analyze the most famous sayings and proverbs concerning the capital, as well as those that we considered most interesting from a historical and historical-linguistic point of view, dividing them into three categories: those linked to political power, those concerning the Pope and the Santa Sede and those whose protagonists are the Romans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into the etymologies of higher lexical units is still relatively recent. The recent blooming of phraseological projects and the current abundance of and easy access to historical documentation make a close examination of the origin and history of some of these elements timely. Based on some examples, the close relationship between French and Italian phraseology is illustrated here, proposing among other things three hypotheses of borrowing from the former language to the latter: figlio or figlia di papà 'young man who is aided excessively in life and career by his father's prestige and wealth', literally 'father's son/daughter', girarsi or rigirarsi i pollici 'stay idle, inactive', literally 'to twiddle one's thumbs', mettere alla porta 'to dismiss, to send away, to kick out', literally 'to put someone at the door'. In other cases (a tentoni ~ à tâtons 'blundering, fumbling', adagio Biagio ~ à l'aise Blaise 'expression that calls for caution') the kinship between Italian and French expression is evident but it is difficult (or conceivably impossible) to reconstruct whether this is a transfer from one language to another and in which direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presents the author’s concept of optimizing the linguisticculturological aspect of the lexicographic representation of Russian phraseological units to foreign students. The relevance of the research is due to the linguistic-cultural value of Russian phraseology and the need to improve the techniques of its description in educational dictionaries. The aim of the study is to develop and implement effective methods of increasing the linguisticculturological value of a phraseographic text intended for a foreign student. Textbooks on the Russian language, academic and educational phraseological dictionaries, etymological dictionaries were used as the research material. The material selected for our own phraseographic projects was studied using methods of linguistic-culturological, historical and etymological analysis. At the stage of constructing a lexicographic text, the method of discursive linguisticcultural commenting of phraseological units was used. It is revealed that the linguisticculturological potential of traditional phraseographic sources - the educational etymological and the practical dictionary can significantly increase due to the use of interactive techniques for organizing the text of etymological paraphrase, including creative and analytical tasks that expand the linguistic-cultural horizons of the reader. The types of contextual illustrations that can increase the linguistic-culturological saturation of the traditional educational phraseological dictionary are determined. An innovative linguistic-culturological parameter of the bilingual educational dictionary is the comparative interpretation of images of correlative phraseological units of two languages. The new types of linguistic-culturological phraseographic sources include discursive etymological dictionaries, plot dictionaries in entertaining stories and travelogue dictionaries. All the developed innovative lexicographic techniques are implemented in the dictionaries of the Experimental Lexicographic Laboratory of Pskov University. Examples of relevant dictionary entries are provided.

One of the most important goals of foreign language teaching is to enable students to use the target language in everyday situations. Developing lexical competence in foreign language learning can play an important role in achieving this goal. The aim of the present study is to call attention to the importance of teaching collocations in foreign language education. The first part of the paper gives an overview about collocations and collocational competence. In the second part of the paper, I would like to focus on principles of phraseology and foreign language teaching methodology that can be used for teaching collocations in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern world of mass communication and rapid development of information technologies, media article headlines play an important role, performing the functions of attracting attention, interest, informing, and guiding the reader. Creating unique and effective headlines is a key task for authors, as successful headlines not only emotionally impact on the audience but also increase reader activity, promote search engine optimization, and determine the tone and context of the material. The study of phraseological units in the headlines of online publications is relevant due to their ability to convey complex ideas and emotions in a concise form. Phraseological units reflect the linguistic and cultural characteristics of a society; therefore, a comparative analysis of Ukrainian and Polish headlines allows for the identification of specific features and common trends in these cultures. The analysis of the use of phraseological units helps to understand the communicative strategies of journalists and editors, as well as contributes to the development of the theory of media broadcasting and the practice of creating headlines. The use of phraseological units in headlines stimulates innovation in both linguistic research and practical journalism. The purpose of this article is to conduct a linguistic and socio-communicative analysis of the use of phraseological units in the headlines of Ukrainian and Polish electronic media. The study was conducted using contextual, typological, and descriptive methods, as well as discourse analysis and content analysis. The sample consists of materials from Ukrainian and Polish electronic publications, which made it possible to identify common and distinctive features in the use of phraseological units. The results of the study demonstrate examples of headlines with phraseological models such as «verb + noun in an indirect case + adverbial modifier», «verb + preposition + noun», and others. Phraseological units in article headlines are a powerful tool that significantly affects readers’ perception of the material, demonstrating the richness of linguistic culture and the importance of emotional context in communication.

An adjectival simile is an established phraseological unit with a standardised form (blind as a bat). It is perhaps for this reason that it has not been attracting much attention, and most studies on similes focus on verbal similes. This study reports a significant diachronic shift in the usage of adjectival similes, identified by comparing a lexicographic sample with one from a corpus. Analysing corpus data, we collected a representative sample of 309 adjectival similes in English, which further served for the compilation of a “simile minimum” of 60 types. Both corpus samples were then contrasted with lexicographic lists from a dictionary of idioms: English Idioms and How to Use Them (Seidl & McMordie, 1978; 1988). The comparison shows that the lexicographic minimum (65 types) overlaps with that from the corpus by just one-third and the whole representative list (166 types) only by one-fifth. The significant disproportion can be explained as a shift in linguistic reality but also as a result of the dictionary authors’ idiolects or homogeneity of their data. These findings can serve for textbook and reference manual authors as a warning against relying too much on their own linguistic intuition.

The interpretation of prescription No 5 of the Old Church Slavic Folia medicinalia crucially depends on the reading of the two phrasemes otročęmь xoditъ and ne puštaetъ sę kry. In this paper, we present hitherto unnoticed evidence from East and West Slavic that confirms the earlier reading of otročęmь xoditъ as 'is pregnant'. As for the second phraseme, we explore both a middle ('blood does not release') and a passive reading ('blood is not let'). Invoking philological evidence from ancient and medieval sources, we conclude that both readings allow for plausible interpretations. We suggest that regardless of whether the middle or the passive reading is preferred, the purpose of prescription No 5 can be identified with providing cleansing of the female body during pregnancy. Finally, we discuss the ingredients occurring in the prescription. We conclude that existing identifications of the phytonym *osъtъ are problematic and suggest that the characteristics of the plant described in the prescriptions as well as the adjective attribute velikъi could provide clues for identifying it in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phraseology has been flourishing in the field of English writing studies in recent years. However, the focus has primarily been on items with less variability, such as ngrams or lexical bundles. To address this gap, this study investigates concgrams (Cheng et al., 2006), which encompass both constituency and positional variations, in advanced General English Proficiency Test (GEPT) writings. One hundred compositions from the GEPT were divided into two proficiency groups based on their scores and analyzed using the corpus tool ConcGram 1.0. The phraseological characteristics of concgrams are explored from four perspectives: frequency, type-token ratios (TTRs), word associations, and configuration. The goal is to determine the relevance of the use of concgrams to writing evaluation. The results indicate that TTRs and configuration play minor roles, while frequency and word associations appear to be more relevant to excellent writing. This study highlights the importance of including more variable phraseological units and provides a new approach to investigating the presence of phraseological units in greater depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present volume "Language Contrast and Multilingualism" contains contributions that were presented as part of a lecture series at the University of Duisburg/Essen. The topics revolve around multilingualism and the role of linguistic comparison in the field of German as a foreign and second language. The volume is intended to be used in teacher training programs. The contributions address various aspects, including language contact resulting from migration and contact with Romance languages. Methodological problems related to the inclusion of heritage languages in German language instruction and the importance of phraseology are also discussed. Other topics include language typology, multilingualism among students studying German, and the temporal system in Bulgarian. Conceptual designs for Romanian didactics and a communicative-oriented German as a foreign language instruction are also presented. The volume provides extensive bibliographies and can be useful for specific questions regarding multilingualism didactics. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Novitas-ROYAL is the property of Novitas Royal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CIRCULO de Linguistica Aplicada a la Comunicacion is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CIRCULO de Linguistica Aplicada a la Comunicacion is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of studying the phraseological systems of a particular language through the prism of national and cultural code of ethnicity, a value-based approach to the linguistic and communicative paradigm on the example of the Kazakh, Russian and English languages, the creation of national speech universals, identifying the area of their functioning and understanding of phraseological structures by native and non-native speakers of the language. The purpose of the study is an in-depth analysis of national, and cultural characteristics through the verbalisation of thought processes displayed in a diachronic language section. The main method of investigation is theoretical, involving the collection and study of a wide range of scientific literature on the stated topic, the identification of the main national elements through the study of the lexical-structural realisation of the value priorities of the people at the level of speech behaviour. The study addresses the unique transmission of folk wisdom by intralingual and extralingual means, the verbalisation of a nation's thought activity and its results, different aspects of the study of these issues in world science for a complete language picture of a particular nation, the basic similarities, and differences in the mechanisms of operation of different language systems are analysed in detail. The materials presented in the study can be used in further phraseological studies on the moral values of the nation on the example of linguistic culture, the creation of linguistic studies on the influence of verbal and non-verbal factors on the development of people, to study the structural, semantic, stylistic characteristics of speech behaviour, to turn scientific interests into anthropocentric trends, to record and categorise the connotations of stable units and their speech equivalents in dictionaries, textbooks, scientific studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teorija in Praksa is the property of Teorija in Praksa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of machine translation has become ubiquitous across various translation practices, especially with the advent of neural machine translation and the integration of deep learning and artificial intelligence in translation program development. While the accuracy and quality of machine translation outcomes have significantly improved, challenges persist particularly in legal translation from English to Arabic. The unique nature of legal discourse and structural differences between English and Arabic make accurately translating legal language features a daunting task. This study aims to evaluate the quality of neural machine translation in rendering legal Latin phraseology into Arabic by comparing two websites: Google Translate and Yandex. A corpus-based approach was adopted where 270 Latin-origin legal terms and phrases were collected, scrutinised, and translated using both platforms. The evaluation focuses on four criteria: inappropriate translations, no translations provided, borrowing (phonetic transliteration into Arabic), and equivalence—the culturally and functionally suitable translation. Key findings indicate that despite significant advancements in machine translation technology, accuracy remains a critical issue, with approximately half of the terms not translated correctly. While Google Translate is widely used, Yandex demonstrated higher accuracy in this context. Furthermore, the majority of phrases selected for this study were not accurately translated by either website. The solution to this problem lies in enhancing the training process. Arabic users and translators should contribute more translations to enrich Arabic corpora online. Additionally, it's been observed that there is a lack of English-Arabic dictionaries or databases dedicated to Legal Language Processing (LLP). Therefore, initiating a research project addressing this issue could be of utmost importance. Regarding specialized language, improving the quality of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) raises questions about its reliability for both learners and professional translators. Accordingly, the study recommends further research on assessing machine translation quality, improving neural machine translation terminology accuracy, and enhancing machine learning models with more Arabic content and corpora.

The article analyses the concept “time” in phraseological units of the Azerbaijani language. The analysis is based on cognitive models as well as on the classification of temporal phraseological units – semantic groups with antonymic oppositions. The article considers six groups of phraseological units reflecting the following concepts: 1) “long ago – recently”; 2) “past – future”; 3) “timeliness – untimeliness”; 4) “long – short / soon / little time”; 5) “fast – slow”; 6) “constantly, often – rarely, sometimes”. Based on the given examples the author concludes that the category of time is an important indicator of the pace of life and the rhythm of the Azerbaijani nation activity, and the types and forms of people’s communication depend on the value of time in culture. Thus the structural organization of the phrase-semantic field is different as it does not have an absolute centre expressed by a single phraseological unit.

Floriography is part of many cultures and provides an effective characterization means for a particular linguistic culture. The frame analysis method is a popular tool in phraseology, but it has never been applied to phraseological units with the flowers component. The study examined phraseological units with the flowers component in Russian, English, and Chinese in order to define their role in the corresponding linguistic worldviews. The frame organization analysis made it possible to identify the way these languages categorize reality. Phraseological units with flowers are more typical of Chinese and English; they are less typical of the Russian linguistic culture as a result of the harsh climatic conditions and the farming traditions. In this research, the frame analysis hinted at similar cognitive processes in all the three linguistic cultures, which was manifested as common subframes at all levels. The main subframes included characteristics of the subject, action aimed at the subject, qualitative assessment of reality, and evaluative characteristics of the action. In addition, flower names described different human qualities, characterized an ongoing event, and evaluated actions performed by the subject. Differences were registered at the slot level as a partially overlapping list of qualities, assessments, characteristics, and actions, which reflected the specifics of each national worldview. The results can facilitate intercultural communication for Russian, English, and Chinese speakers.

The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of phraseology and diatopic variation in advertising translation. For this, we first make a theoretical journey where the concepts of linguistic variation and phraseology are broadly exposed. Specifically, we delve into the translation of collocations in advertising from a diatopic point of view. Secondly, we present the practical element. This consists of a translation analysis of some of the collocations present on the American websites of the fast-food chains McDonald's and Burger King, as well as their Spanish, Mexican, French and Canadian variants. Finally, the conclusions and the possible future lines of research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the methodology for developing a lexicon of Spanish (up to and including level B1) within the framework of the European iRead4Skills project. The basic metalinguistic notions that should be presented to students are introduced so that this resource could be exploited in the most appropriate way possible. The main microstructure fields (in particular, those corresponding to syntactic-semantic features, semantic classes and domains) introduced in the database are presented and discussed. The treatment of phraseology and diasystematics is also specifically examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work focuses on presenting and illustrating the main characteristics of Cuban zoomorphic phraseology, which is composed of expressions that use the name, a quality, or an action typical of an animal to refer to human characteristics, behaviors, or conduct. To do this, it relies on the systematization of the subject carried out in various studies between 2019 and 2024, as well as the analysis of a database compiled from the collection and processing of 639 current zoomorphic phraseological units in Cuba. The results from previous studies on specific aspects, along with the analysis of the information gathered in the database, have allowed for generalizations to be established and distinctive features to be observed regarding the form, meaning, and usage of these zoomorphic units in Cuban Spanish. Therefore, even though this topic had received little attention in the country's linguistics, the research undertaken now allows for the integration of partial and scattered results into a general characterization of Cuban zoomorphic phraseology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approaching the area of phraseology occupied by paroemias from a gender perspective involves a confluence of two lines of research: language and discourse. The aim of this introductory study is to check whether the paroemias included in the paremiological repertoire Refranero Multilingüe using the universal masculine are currently used in a feminised way. For this purpose, a lexicographical and textual corpus methodology is employed. Preliminary results seem to indicate that the paremias collected in the Refranero Multilingue with the universal masculine mostly accept feminisation in the discourse when the referent is feminine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation has been carried out in this article with the following objective: on the one hand, to analyse the treatment and gender content of the fixed verbal constructions (FVC) components in Spanish. On the other hand, to analyse the variation in gender that this can have on such constructions. After exposing the innovative side of this research, the gender in these components is analysed for this purpose. The possibilities of variation in gender of the FVC in the database of the FRASYTRAM (phraseology and multilingual translation) research group, which currently contains 40,770 entries, is also analysed. It should be noted that this research is carried out both regarding the FVC of peninsular and/or common Spanish and regarding the FVC of Latin American Spanish. The data show that this is a large-scale phenomenon that should be treated due to its evident relevance and contribution to the normalization of the language in use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phraseology is undergoing a paradigm shift largely due to the application of techniques and concepts from other related disciplines. This paper combines big data analysis with the principles of construction grammar. It includes an automatic extraction protocol for the resultative constructional idioms with de quicio. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data are performed in order to draw conclusions about the adequacy of the corpora selected for analysis, the relationships established between these constructions and more schematic ones, as well their distribution, frequency, and productivity, with a focus on "global" Spanish and its diatopic varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Introduction" of the Onomázein magazine presents a special issue on variation, teaching, and translation in phraseology. It highlights the importance of research in this field and mentions terms such as corpus linguistics, frequency of use, syntactic variation, translation, teaching, and cultural references. It also emphasizes the importance of teaching and translating phraseology, as well as the challenges they represent for non-native speakers. The special issue addresses different studies on specialized phraseology in contexts such as jewelry, multilingual proverbs, law, and Cuban culture, among others. The objective is to offer an original and multidisciplinary approach to phraseology in order to understand linguistic variation and face the challenges of translation and teaching. [Extracted from the article]

In this article we will try to show five humorous signs used in Spanish linguistic jokes and that could be used in Spanish teaching. These signs are polysemy, homophony, paronymy, phraseology and diminutives. The election of jokes as a structure to use in teaching is based not only in the fact that it is the main humorous structure, but also in its easy to learn structure. As Attardo (2008) said, joke is the easiest humorous text type. Also, "joke is a humorous unit with no context and selfcontained, which has all the required information to be understood and enjoyed" (Martin, 2008: 37). The goal of this paper is to show how previously mentioned signs work in an internet extracted corpus, so we can get generalizations that can be used in Spanish teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "God's Coming for a Nightly Conversation. A Common Motif in the Wall Inscription from Tell Deir ʿAlla, the Balaam Narrative, and the Patriarchal Narratives" by Rainer Kessler examines the parallels between the wall inscription from Tell Deir ʿAlla, the Balaam narrative, and the patriarchal narratives. It is determined that Balaam had a nocturnal encounter with the divine world in the wall inscription and communicates his vision the next day. The parallels between the wall inscription and the Balaam narrative in Numbers 22-24 are so close that they extend to the phraseology. It is argued that the parallels in the description of the nocturnal visitation of God cannot simply be dismissed as common idiomatic expressions. Various narratives from the Old Testament that deal with nocturnal visits of God to non-Israelites are analyzed. It is determined that these narratives exhibit structural and semantic parallels and can be attributed to the authors' knowledge of older texts. [Extracted from the article]

The popularisation of legal knowledge is a critical issue for equal access to law and justice. Legal discourse has been justly criticised for its obscure terminology and convoluted phrasing, which notably led to the Plain Language Movement in English-speaking countries. In Canada, the concept of Plain Language has been applied to French since the 1980s due to the official policy of bilingualism, while the concept has only been recently discussed in France. In this paper, we examine the impact of Plain Language rewriting on legal phraseology in French popularisation contexts. The first aim of our study is to see if plain texts published in France contain more traces of legal phraseology than French Canadian texts. Our second objective is to determine if a 'phraseology of plain language' can be identified across genres and languages. To do this, we compare two corpora of expert-to-expert legal texts written in French—made up, respectively, of legislative texts published in France and judicial texts published by the Supreme Court of Canada—with two corpora of texts that are claimed to have been written in Plain French Language for a non-expert readership—texts that guide laypersons through legal and administrative processes in France and summaries of decisions by the Supreme Court of Canada. Using n-grams, we extract and discuss the patterns that emerge from the corpora. In particular, our analyses rely on the concept of 'lexico–grammatical patterns', defined as the minimal unit of meaningful text made up of recurrent sequences of lexical and grammatical items. We then identify a sample of recurring lexico–grammatical patterns and their discursive functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its importance, environmental law has largely been ignored in environmental knowledge bases. This may be due to the fact that legal issues may not, strictly speaking, be considered scientific knowledge in environmental knowledge resources, which may in turn relate to the complexity of reflecting the cultural component (which includes different legal systems) in the description of terms and concepts. The terminological knowledge base EcoLexicon has recently begun to include information on environmental law. This paper takes the methodological perspective of frame-based terminology to analyze typical verb collocations in environmental law that will be added to the phraseology module of EcoLexicon. Corpus analysis was used to compare the behavior of verbs collocating with pollution in environmental science and environmental law. Verbs were classified based on lexical domains and semantic classes through definition factorization, as described in the Lexical Grammar Model. The differences were mostly based on the specificity of the arguments and the emphasis on the polluter in environmental law. This resulted in a proposal for the inclusion and configuration of environmental law phraseology in EcoLexicon, showing sociocultural differences across environmental subdomains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The application of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights to the Member States has given rise both to a controversial phraseology and a controversial case-law. This paper offers a reconstruction of the constitutional intent and proposes a conceptualization in conformity with the structural function and the constitutional contemplation of the pouvoir constituent. As to the phraseological debate, it demonstrates that the Charter's application to the Member States may occur by reason of either "implementation" or "interpretation" of EU law and the two strands are embraced but not synthetized by "scope" as a collective term. As to the substantive debate, it demonstrates that the CJEU's case-law on "implementation" is not only amorphous but also inconsistent with the Charter's constitutional mandate. The paper proposes a novel approach based on the notion that the application to the Member States is accessory to the supremacy of EU law. The paper's argument is presented in the following steps. First, the paper presents the pristine rationale and constitutional function of the application to the Member State through its emergence and historical context. Second, it provides a taxonomy and critical overview of the CJEU's amorphous case-law and presents the Court's futile attempt to create a coherent doctrine that faithfully reproduces the constitutional contemplation behind the diagonal application and that reflects the division of competences between the EU and its Member States. Third, it sets out the proposed doctrine of "displacement." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]