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This article introduces a significant case regarding the European reception of ʿilm al-ḥurūf wa-l-asmāʾ (the science of letters and divine names) in the Oedipus Aegyptiacus by the Jesuit polymath Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680). Classis V in Tomus II.1, Caps. I-X, and Classis VII, Cap. VI in Tomus II.2 contain Kircher's most comprehensive engagement with the science of letters, referred to as the Cabala Saracenica in juxtaposition with the Cabala Hebraica. In addition to identifying crucial sources that influenced Kircher's understanding of the science of letters, this article demonstrates how "Cabala" serves as a comparative tool in Kircher's construction of a universal language for the Church. It encapsulates his approach to sacred oriental philology, revealing the Hermetic and Kabbalistic erudition absorbed by their native users. This exposure aims to demonstrate that wisdom ultimately reveals the truth of Christian doctrine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aristotle seems to think that a sense such as sight or taste can work imperfectly in certain conditions, for example, when it is dark, or the perceiver is ill. This article addresses the question of how he can account for imperfect sense activities as well as for perfect sense activities. The answer proposed is that Aristotle's account is based on a certain understanding of the sense as a capacity: he defines the sense as a capacity for exercising a perfect (i.e., successful) activity rather than any activity whether perfect or not. In developing this answer, the article shows how Aristotle incorporates the conditions for a perfect activity into the definition of a sense and how he explains an imperfect activity by reference to a failure to satisfy some of these conditions. This discussion also helps to understand the reasons why Aristotle might think that a sense is not infallible about its proper sensible objects in all conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study deals with the fragment 110–13 M of Lucilius' Satires , transmitted by Aulus Gellius, and in particular with the intricate transmission of the last of its four lines. The line opens with an obscure Greek word of Homeric inspiration, which presents a number of textual variants and for which diverse emendations have been proposed from the sixteenth century to our times. After examining the variants and establishing the archetype's reading, I reassess the different solutions to the edition of the text and offer an interpretation of this Greek term in the context of the whole fragment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues for the influence of Vergil's Fama (Verg. Aen. 4.173–97) on the opening scene of Valerius Flaccus' sixth book (Val. Fl. 6.1–30) and offers a metapoetic interpretation of the passage by reading Fama not only as a personification of Rumor but also as a representation of the literary tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Vergil's second Eclogue , rusticus Corydon sings a love song for urbanus Alexis, futilely shouting incondita (4). Commentators often render incondita as "artless" and interpret this "artlessness" as a function of Corydon's extemporaneity or rusticitas. I argue instead that Vergil takes advantage of the lexical range of condo , a verb of poetic composition and storage, and uses inconditus to mark Corydon as displaced both physically (country versus city) and generically (bucolic versus elegy). Corydon's infatuation for Alexis evidences a withdrawal both from his rusticitas and from bucolic song. His song is inconditus because it is generically "incongruous." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most scholars have interpreted Acts 17:28a–c ("for in him we live and move and are") within the context of the Aratus quotation in 17:28e. Yet in doing so, they overlooked the precise meaning of this statement and how it fits within the argument. This article considers the philological aspects and motifs contained in Acts 17:28a–c within their context. Thus, the statement expresses dependence on God by use of the Greek phrase ἔν τινι εἶναι , which appears widely across Greek literature. By taking the evidence from these sources into consideration, it becomes clear that the concise statement of Acts 17:28a–c bundles up various ideas of the Areopagus speech into one thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that the concept of translation is central to the work of Bruno Latour, starting before ANT, with the group working on the sociologie de la traduction at the École des Mines. As one of his translators, I reflect on the extension of his identity via translation, then on the idea of translation as 'political labour' across social discontinuities, including those in colonisation contexts where certain languages can become hegemonic. Finally, with Latour's major project, the Inquiry into Modes of Existence, translation continues its descriptive task, but carries so much weight over the various modes of existence that it qualifies as a key philosophical concept of considerable analytic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the centuries, Jaina authors actively engaged in producing their own versions of stories that were told in sources such as the Rāmāyaṇa, Mahābhārata, and the purāṇas. These authors self-consciously present themselves as correcting preceding narratives that they do not accept as credible. However, the question arises: what criteria determine the credibility of one version over another? This paper offers one possible answer as it appears in the Investigation of Dharma (Dharmaparīkṣā), a Jaina narrative that has been retold repeatedly in different languages throughout the second millennium. By examining its earliest available retellings—in Apabhramsha (988 CE) and Sanskrit (1014 CE)—I argue that this narrative traces the credibility of stories to the ideas of (1) coherence across textual boundaries and (2) correspondence with real-life experience. In this paper, I trace how these notions manifest in the Investigation and analyze the narrative's mechanism for training its audience to evaluate for themselves the credibility of stories. Through this analysis, the paper offers a fresh perspective on the motivations of premodern South Asian authors to retell existing narratives and sheds light on the reading practices they expect from their audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landon Loftin and Max Leyf's What Barfield Thought serves as an introduction to the key themes and concepts running through the work of Owen Barfield, the so-called "first and last Inkling." This digestible yet rigorous volume includes chapters on Barfield's primary areas of interest: Language, Poetry, The Evolution of Consciousness, Final Participation, and Science, Technology, and the Crisis of Meaning. With each chapter building on the last, this study makes an excellent primer to Barfield's often difficult and esoteric ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the observance of the principle of non -synonymy in the words of the Qur'an in the translation of quasi -synonym words is one of the most prominent criteria for evaluating the work of translators. Among the quasi -synonym words in the divine verses are words related to the concept of sin. Care in translating these words leads to a better understanding of the high teachings of the Qur'an in the three areas of beliefs, rules and ethics. In this regard, this study tries to evaluate the translations of Mr. Moezi, Fooladvand, Ayati, Elahi Qomshei and Ms. Saffarzadeh as representatives of five methods of literal, loyal, semantic translation, interprative and free using a descriptive -analytical method combined with criticism mentioned field. The lack of sufficient attention of translators to the semantic subtlety and the distinction between these words is obvious. Paying attention to the semantic principle proposed for each word that has been described in detail in Philology books will help the translator to translate these words accurately. The results indicate that the exact meaning of these words can be expressed in short and useful words or in the form of explanations in parentheses in semantic, free and interprative methods, but due to the limitation of Persian words, literal methods and loyal are not very efficient in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to modeling the linguistic-cultural stereotype ‘philologist’ in the individual consciousness of Chinese language speakers. The modeling procedure adopted in the study involves identifying the constitutive features of the professional stereotype, elucidating its figurative and valuable characteristics. Lexicographic data, materials obtained during sociolinguistic experiments, and photo documents were utilized as the primary sources. The analysis leads to the conclusion that within the Chinese linguistic-cultural context, this stereotype is interpreted much more broadly by individuals than defined in dictionaries. The sphere of activities of a Chinese philologist extends beyond the realm of science, making room for teaching activities, as well as affiliations with disciplines requiring erudition or language knowledge. It is established that in the individual consciousness of the Chinese, philology is almost entirely associated with linguistics. A typical philologist is a person who has received specialized education and possesses profound knowledge in the fields of languages and literature. They are characterized by rich inner culture, erudition, intellect, modesty, self-discipline, industriousness, openness, spirituality, pursuit of truth, articulate and elegant speech, respect for traditions, a healthy lifestyle, orientation towards spiritual rather than material values. The evaluative component of the stereotype exhibits axiological polarity with a significant bias towards positive traits.

The production of knowledge on iʿjāz in economy is strongly influenced by the literature on scientific miracles of the Qurʿān. The interpretation of the verses of the Qurʿān pertaining to maʿāsh comes up against the binary logic aimed at constructing a scientific identity by summoning key concepts from mainstream economic thought. This article is based on philology as an art of reading well to shed light on the iʿjāz of the Qurʿān through the use of the words gold and silver and not that of money. It is structured around multidisciplinary approach and a qualitative analysis through the meanings in reference to the literature on the secrets of eloquence and evidence of the inimitability of the Qurʿān. The results showed that the iʿjāz in the use of the words gold and silver invites to live in the world of rizq, as an umwelt or 風土 fūdo. This mode of existence provides resilience against voluntary servitude to the system of monetary creation ex nihilo by the interest loan granted by commercial banks. Such particular way is a thematic interpretation of the verses relating to the means to acquit the rights of the Creator and those of the creatures. It converges like Hénon attractor as a chaotic fractal set with research in history, anthropology and numismatics which does not use the word money.

The article deals with one chapter in the history of German Studies as a scholarly pursuit at the University of Prague. Specifically it attempts to describe the circumstances of the foundation of the Department of German Studies in 1874 and its development until 1882, when, after the division of the University of Prague, two autonomous Departments of German Studies, responsible for academic philological research into German, as one of the national languages and literatures in the Czech Lands, were established at the German and Czech Universities of Prague respectively. The establishment of the Department of German Studies meant the definitive institutionalization of German Studies at the University of Prague and at the same time the full integration of German Studies into the system of scholarly disciplines. Attention is also paid to the personalities of the founders — Johann Kelle and Ernst Martin — and their colleague Hans Lambel.

Although the precontact Nahua nezahualiztli ritual received significant coverage in historical sources, the Christian discourse of these sources misinterpreted it as either fasting or penance, inscribing nezahualiztli in the Western idea of the sacred. In order to learn more about the Nahua worldview, this article uses methods derived from philology, cognitive linguistics, and anthropology to reconstruct the meaning that nezahualiztli had for the precontact Nahua. I review numerous mentions of this ritual in the sources and discuss three examples involving nezahualiztli. I conclude that avoiding some hygienic practices, fasting, and abstaining from sex, among other forms of abstinence, allowed humans to assimilate with the deities and dead who inhabited the world beyond. The Nahua observed nezahualiztli whenever they needed to enter a liminal state, such as during funerals, travel, or creative actions. This insight adds to our understanding of the Nahua sacred, particularly the relationship between humans and gods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the article is to consider the specifics of the genre semantics of the modern novel in the context of the psychopoetics development. Alongside this, the objective of the work is to revisit the novels through the characteristics of their varieties and to try to answer the question – why the novels under consideration can be specified as psychological. A significant element of the article is devoted to the study of the representation techniques in modern Ukrainian novels in the context of psychopoetics. This research resulted in defining the genre semantics of the novels by the modern Ukrainian authors, ways of their implementation in the light of psychopoetics, psychonarratives, psychological types and means of psycho-poetic representation. The practical significance of the research is determined by the contribution to the development of psychopoetics as a branch of modern literary studies. The research outcomes can be used to design elective philological courses, comparative studies, and also for the advanced research on historical-cultural and psychological aspects of the essence of creativity in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Chinese tradition, the interrelationship between philology and literature is at its most contentious when it comes to the issue of authenticity. It was not until the Qing (1644–1912) that the case of the Shangshu 尚書 finally reached a resolution—so goes the conventional account regarding the parts of the compilation now labelled "inauthentic" (wei 偽). This paper invites us to rethink this philological question as a literary one. It shows how a set of genre and narrative strategies gives rise to a range of different but compatible textualizations that do not lend themselves to the distinction between the "authentic" and the "inauthentic." Instead, the Shangshu illustrates a literary history where writing appropriates, lays claim to, and derives discursive authority from the oral form, reflecting a much broader literary culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Konstantin Josef Jireček is a Czech historian, diplomat and Slavist. Jireček, who studied history and philology, became interested in the Slavic peoples in the Balkans and began to write upon this subject. His grandfather, the famous Slavist Pavel Josef Šafárik, had a great influence on the shaping of Jireček’s ideas. His work titled History of the Bulgarians, which he prepared as a doctoral thesis and published later, is the first academic work that deals with Bulgarian history holistically. This work, which will be referenced by Bulgarian historiography for many years, has been handled from a Slavic perspective. Although the scientific reality is different, he based the origin of the Bulgarians on the Slavs and directed the generations to come after him to this understanding. In our study, the part of the conversion of Bulgarians to Christianity in Jireček’s History of the Bulgarians is discussed. It is noteworthy that the subject in Jireček’s work is handled with a Slavic-centered approach. In addition, in this study, the subject of the Bulgarians’ acceptance of Christianity has been tried to be discussed by giving other sources in order to compare with Jireček’s work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The journal Estudios de Literatura Colombiana has been reclassified in the Q1 quartile of the SCIMAGO Journal Rank (SJR) 2023, placing it in the first quartile of its thematic category in terms of impact factor. This classification positions it as one of the most influential journals in its field. Thanks are given to the Faculty of Communications and Philology, as well as to Professor Andrés Vergara and Christian Benavides for their work as editors of the journal. Additionally, research and literary analysis are presented on different Colombian works and authors, including Gabriel García Márquez's relationship with political power in his work "El otoño del patriarca", Bonnett's poetry, Juan Cárdenas' novel "El diablo de las provincias", and Pablo Montoya's novel "La sombra de Orión" and Daniel Ferreira's "Recuerdos del río volador" as vehicles of memory about forced disappearance. The journal also includes a conference, interviews, and reviews of other books. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Incomplete handwritten Dongba character often appears in heritage documents and its recognition is significant for heritage and philology. However, all previous methods always suppose that a complete Dongba character is used as input, and thus fail to achieve satisfactory performance when applied to incomplete Dongba character recognition. In this paper, an end-to-end network (DB2RNet) is proposed for incomplete handwritten Dongba character image recognition by multiscale feature restoration. Specifically, we first develop datasets that contain different levels of incomplete Dongba characters. A restoration module is proposed to restore the input incomplete Dongba character, and then a recognition module is employed to recognize Dongba character. By introducing an inter-module residual connection between the restoration module and recognition module, the DB2RNet can strengthen feature information transmission and boost the recognition performance. In addition, novel multiscale feature blocks are introduced, which can provide more effective texture and contextual information transmission for Dongba character image restoration, and thus yielding better restoration effects and better recognition results. Extensive experiments are conducted on Dongba character, Chinese character and Oracle character datasets and validate the effectiveness, superiority and robustness of our methods. Experiments results demonstrate that our proposed DB2RNet achieves competitive Dongba character restoration and recognition performance and outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay explores the notion of Mitsprechen or "with-speaking" in Paul Celan's poetry. "With-speaking" supposes that voices in the poems actively participate and engage in a dialogue that goes beyond traditional hermeneutic frameworks. Celan's notion of col-loquy, distinct from the conventional sense of dialogue, challenges the separation between author and interpreter, rendering the traditional concept of intertextuality inadequate. The poems, according to Celan, give voice to human destinies, making texts audible as the voices of others. This vocal dimension of Celan's poetry has prompted extensive discussion among philosophers, particularly in France. Levinas, Blanchot, and Derrida, influenced by German phenomenology and hermeneutics, critically examine the ethical implications of speaking "about" the other. They challenge traditional hermeneutical practices, emphasizing the responsibility of interpreters to respect the unique and untranslatable character of individual voices. This critique extends to Protestant categories of interpretation, drawing on alternative Jewish perspectives on being-in-the-world and alterity. The text explores the tensions inherent in speaking "for" or "in the name of" others, especially in the context of interpreting Celan's work, raising questions about maintaining the fundamental difference and distance that otherness implies. The discussion concludes by highlighting Werner Hamacher's formulation of a new philology that disrupts hermeneutical violence, influenced by the critiques of Blanchot, Levinas, and Derrida, and offering an alternative way of addressing the particular challenges posed by Celan's poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, Goethe's early historical plays, Götz von Berlichingen, published in 1773, and Egmont, published only in 1787, are compared. So far, scholarly work has not recognized enough of the differences between both works. Goethe's intellectual development from the young Storm and Stress writer of Götz to the publication of Egmont fourteen years later has not been considered sufficiently. Goethe's development is clearly reflected in his protagonists' deeds and intentions. Goethe's Götz fights predominantly for his own rights and his family. Egmont aims higher; he is more concerned with the welfare state of society and reflects on political issues Götz is unable to consider. Moreover, Goethe takes, in both cases, poetic license to create a different picture of his protagonists' failures than historical sources provide. This finally leads to the introduction of the term preclassic to differentiate between Götz and Egmont. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the notion of 'legal humanism', i.e. the encounter between jurisprudence and fundamental ideas of Renaissance humanists. Legal historians are fundamentally divided over the impact of humanistic thought on legal development. While some influential authors regard the insights and ideas of Renaissance humanists as largely irrelevant to legal thinking, others identify a group of 'legal humanists' and describe them as modernisers whose innovative forms of 'humanistic' legal thinking initiated developments that ultimately led to modern law. In view of this debate, the article analyses writings of Valla, Budé, Zasius, Alciato and other humanists in their historical contexts. It will be shown that these authors cannot be properly described as 'modernisers' as they did not advance new ideas that transformed legal thinking. Nevertheless, the conceptions of time and the philological insights of Renaissance humanism irritated established forms of scholastic legal thinking and made jurists reflect on their scholarship. The new forms of legal thinking that emerged from those 16th-century discussions did not make use of specifically humanistic, philological techniques, but should rather be seen as specifically legal responses to the humanistic irritation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the revernacularization or reduction of the use-value of the standard Croatian language within the scientific and academic system. A bibliometric analysis of 1,152 academic papers was conducted on the sample of the selected Croatian journals in sociology and philology (Croatian studies). A longitudinal approach was used, analyzing all issues of the included journals in the periods 1996 to 1999, 2006 to 2009, and 2016 to 2019. Unlike in the 1990s, the selected journals were in later periods exposed to internationalization by being included in relevant international databases for scientific research. This article aims to investigate whether and how this process has affected the revernacularization of the Croatian language. The results show a similar absolute number of papers written in Croatian within the periods analyzed, and also a decrease in their relative number (share). In the period from 2016, a marked increase in the number of papers written in English was observed, as well as in the number of foreign authors. Such papers mostly do not address the topics of Croatian society. The results indicate an intensified internationalization of the analyzed journals, but not revernacularization. The mentioned trend can, nevertheless, lead to revernacularization with increasing international recognition of the journals, the continued promotion of publication in foreign languages, and a more rigorous policy of academic advancement in Croatia. In this sense, this study considers the need for preserving the standard Croatian language within the academic system, bringing both into a relationship with the widely promoted model of endogenous social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Das „Xorde Avesta“ ist eine (in Handschriften und Drucken überlieferte) Sammlung von (größtenteils) kürzeren liturgischen Texten in avestischer Sprache (sowie in persischen und in indischen Sprachen) auf der Grundlage einer sie charakterisierenden, allgemein verbindlichen Struktur folgt. Diese Struktur zeigt typische Variationsmuster gemäß Klasse, Zeit und Ort der Handschrift. Im Rahmen von allgemeiner Struktur und partikularem Muster finden sich wiederum individuelle Differenzen in Material und in dessen Anordnung, die dafür verantwortlich sind, daß Xorde Avesta Handschriften fast immer Unikate sind (und vermutlich darum auch niemals im Rahmen der Hypothese der 'Stammhandschriften' diskutiert wurden). Die Hs. T12 aus der Mitte des 16. Jh. gehört zu jenen Handschriften des Xorde Avesta, die für unsere Rekonstruktion der Geschichte einer bestimmten Handschriftenklasse eine herausragende Position besitzen. Sie bildet zudem eine Schnittstelle von frühem iranischen Xorde Avesta (in Pahlavi) und der indischen Tradition, in die die Handschrift (wieder?) eingeführt wird.

This note proposes reading οὗ χερσὶν μένος ἦεν ἐπ᾽ ἰσχύι ἔργματ᾽ ἐχούσαις at Hesiod Theogony 823. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to describe the manuscript of the Hadza Kitab Mujarrobat and reveal the form of Arabic interference found in the manuscript of the Mujarrobat. This research uses a descriptive mix methode with two analysis tools, namely philology and sociolinguistics. This study uses Weinreich's interference theory which applies three types of interference. The Hadza Kitab Mujarrobat manuscript uses Malay Pegon Arabic script printed in 1317 AH. There are several holes caused by termites, and it uses simple illumination and has a colophon. The use of Arabic interference in the manuscript of the Hadza Kitab Mujarobat in the form of prayers (141 times), propositions (7 times), names (39 times), opening words (5 times), subtitles (48 times) and expressions Islamic (33 times). Meanwhile, the use of interference from Arabic lingual elements in the manuscript of the Hadza Kitab Mujarobat uses the form of Arabic paragraphs (41 times), Arabic sentences (118 times), Arabic phrases (158 times), and Arabic words (93 times).

In this article, I identify where contemporary scholarship on Jonah continues to ask enduring questions of any biblical text like dating, structure, and message. I also outline how scholars have brought contemporary approaches to the book. Finally, I suggest some points of divergence between scholarship in the late 20thand early 21stcenturies and consider how recent scholarship has treated past contributions. This survey shows that scholarship continues to grapple with questions that have long pervaded Jonah’s interpretive history. At the same time, contemporary approaches bring exciting possibilities to a book that has often resisted a monologic interpretation.

The purpose of this manifesto is to raise broad questions about philological inquiry as a background to the purpose of this occasional journal. It reflects both on general questions of philology (Section 2) and delves into an example from the Middle Persian translations (Zand) of the Avesta in which can be seen a clash between the traditional approach in that field and the type of inquiry that I advocate here (Section 3).

Recent geomorphological, paleoenvironmental, and chronological evidence allows for a reconstruction of the coasts of southwest Iberia during the firstmillennium BCE that accords with descriptions of the region offered by authors of antiquity, most notably the description by the fourth-century CE Roman writer R. F. Avienus in his poem Ora Maritima. This poem contains information that appears to date from the sixth century BCE regarding, for instance, the pre-Roman polity of Tartessos. The reliability of this work as a historical source has been questioned for decades. Critics argue that the information is pertinent to our understanding of the literary, rather than historiographical, context of the Late Roman Empire. However, philological as well as historical analyses reveal no clear cause to doubt the documentary value of the Ora Maritima. Furthermore, geomorphological research makes it possible to identify most place-names in the poem; for example, the city embraced by the river Tartessos, apparently the political and trade center of the realm, may likely have stood on the present-day spit of La Algaida, which was an isle in the first millennium BCE. While this hypothesis has been advanced elsewhere, this article offers an entirely new set of evidences to support it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study documents the past and present of English scholarship of Shuōwén jiězì, the most important masterpiece of classical Chinese philology and lexicography. In an attempt to investigate the current status (synchronically) and developmental trajectory (diachronically) of Shuōwén scholarship, this study surveyed the bibliographical, theoretical, methodological and thematic state of Shuōwén literature manifested in an analytical framework of six parameters (geographic distribution, publication outlets, citations, theoretical approaches, research methods and research strands) by adopting a thorough bibliometric analysis subsequent to meticulous coding in terms of these six parameters in Shuōwén scholarship. The results showed that Shuōwén scholarship has displayed distinctive distribution patterns and chronological trends along bibliographical, theoretical, methodological and thematic dimensions. Synchronically, the research output is regionally based, thematically restricted and qualitatively examined; diachronically, the research quality is fluctuating, though research quantity multiplies steadily. To look ahead, the study sketched a few directions for advancement of future research agendas: a more global profile of researchers, a larger degree of internationalization of the native circle, a wider disciplinary range, and increased specialization streamlined into data-driven approach to core issues of liùshū, bùshǒu and GPS (graphic-phonetic-semantic) of head graphs. The study is useful in portraying an overarching disciplinary landscape for Shuōwén research and providing the basic reference statistics for possible comparisons across classical Chinese studies and for more general conclusions about the state of scholarship on sinology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mutinensis a.U.9.4 (gr. 61) is a 15th century manuscript containing several classical and Byzantine medical texts and excerpts. It is well-known that it was used by Valla for his Latin translation of Symeon Seth's Syntagma de alimentorum facultatibus. But the volume itself received insufficient scholarly interest, whether it be from a codicological or a philological point of view, especially as far as the other medical texts are concerned. This contribution aims at examining in detail the entire manuscript and Valla's reading of it in order to show that the Mutinensis can be replaced in a flourishing context of other manuscripts, scribes and readers and that it thus represents a key moment in medical humanism. In particular, the relationship between the Mutinensis (and its copyist, Emmanuel Zacharides) and volumes copied by Demetrios Damilas, sheds a new light on connections that hadn't been insisted upon in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the contributions of Giorgio Valla, a humanist and physician from Piacenza, and the interplay between philology and natural science in the 15th century. Topics include Valla's humanistic training and translation strategies, the significance of his Greek manuscripts for understanding his impact on medical humanism, and the relationships within his intellectual circle that shaped his scholarly pursuits.

The text discusses the memories of the author, Dulcinea Gil, about her experience at ISCSP(U) before and after the April 25th, 1974. She recounts her disappointment with the Germanic Philology course at the University of Lisbon and her decision to switch to the Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences course at ISCSP(U). She describes the academic environment, the changes in the faculty, and the teaching methods after the April revolution. The author highlights the renewal brought by the new professors, who were younger and had education abroad. [Extracted from the article]