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The methanol extract of Inula viscosa (IVM) was investigated for its antioxidant potential using the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging as well as iron chelating assays (ICA). The total phenol (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) of IVM were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum trichloride methods, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of I. viscosa methanol extract was investigated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution method. The IVM extract was found to be containing TPC (236.78 ± 7.63 mg GAE/g) and TFC (94.36 ± 1.86 mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity IC50 values for the DPPH, ABTS and ICA assays were found to be 277.7 ± 3.68, 2.44 ± 0.02, and 222.1 ± 0.71 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC values of the IVM on the tested microorganisms ranged from 0.48 to 7.81 mg/mL. Furthermore, IVM extract was demonstrated 18.32 ± 1.37%, 23.06 ± 1.05%, 4.72 ± 0.13%, 15.13 ± 0.37% and 37.64 ± 4.02% inhibition against tyrosinase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, AChE and BChE, respectively. In the results of LC-MS/MS analysis, acacetin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid and protocatechuic acid were determined as most dominant compounds. These findings suggested that this plant may be a natural resource for creating novel medicinal compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated and compared the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the solvent extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Vernonia amygdalina Del leaves. Methanolic and aqueous extracts showed high (P ≤ 0.05) extract yields (in %), compared to chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts from both V. amygdalina and A. indica leaves. The study exhibited high phytochemical content in methanol and aqueous extracts compared to chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts, confirming the potential for medicinal use. V. amygdalina methanol and aqueous extracts had higher (P ≤ 0.05) total phenolic content (TPC), in mg GAE/gDW, (158.810±0.846 and 217.883±0.265, respectively) than chloroform (37.574±0.118) and ethyl acetate (104.758±0.236) but higher ethyl acetate content in A. indica extracts. Low polar solvents extracted high (P ≤ 0.05) total flavonoids, in mgQE/gDW, (367.051±0.858 and 149.808±0.009) compared to high polar solvents (14.863±0.071 and 54.226±0.014) in V. amygdalina while as in A. indica leaf extracts, low polar solvents showed high TFC (658.469±3.451 and 275.288±10.490) compared to high polar solvents (26.312±0.063 and 48.858±0.063) respectively. In vitro total antioxidant capacity, in mg/g, was higher in polar solvents than in low-polar solvents, ranging from 34.300±1.784 to 121.015±6.839 for A. indica ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts. A strong correlation between TPC and tannic acid content was observed, except in A. indica methanolic extracts of A. indica. Ferric reducing power was high, except for V. amygdalina chloroform and methanol leaf extracts, which were lower (P≤ 0.05) than that of the standard ascorbic acid. The study revealed that high polar solvents, such as methanol and water, are more efficient in the extraction of antioxidants from A. indica but lower in V. amygdalina extracts. High phytochemical content and antioxidative capacity could be significant in treating various diseases in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the bisphenol A (BPA) release from four CAD/CAM splint materials: three polycarbonate‐based (DD BioSplint C, Splint Plus Biostar, Temp Premium Flexible) and one polymethylmethacrylate‐based (Temp Basic) material. From each material, ten cylindrical samples (n = 40) were immersed in high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade water following ISO 10993‐12 and incubated for 24 h in an incubation shaker at 37°C and 112 rpm. Following BPA derivatization, analysis was performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). After 24 h of incubation, all investigated materials released significant amounts of BPA compared to water blanks. The material‐dependent elution increased in the following order: DD BioSplint C < Splint Plus Biostar < Temp Basic < Temp Premium Flexible. Subtracting extraneous BPA, the concentrations ranged between 2.27 ng/mL and 12.65 ng/mL. After extrapolating the concentrations in relation to the average surface area of occlusal splints, the amount of BPA per mL exceeded the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) set by the European Union for a person weighing 70 kg by 1.32–6.16 times. Contrary to the release from previously investigated materials, BPA elution from CAD/CAM splint materials was highly elevated. Considering the increasing adaptation of CAD/CAM techniques, elution from them may represent a relevant BPA source in daily dental practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenolics produced during xylooligosaccharide production might inhibit xylanases and enhance the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of XOS. The effects of phenolic compounds on xylanases may depend on the type and concentration of the compound, the plant biomass used, and the enzyme used. Understanding the effects of phenolic compounds on xylanases and their impact on XOS is critical for developing viable bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to XOS. Understanding the complex relationship between phenolic compounds and xylanases can lead to the development of strategies that improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of XOS manufacturing processes and optimise enzyme performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amalgamation of garlic's antibacterial potency with olive oil's nutritional benefits provides a natural, effective way to boost health and counters microbial threats. This study explored the antioxidant and antibacterial traits of garlic-enriched virgin olive oil (VOO) samples, focusing on various garlic forms (fresh, oven-dried, freeze-dried). Comparative analysis revealed fresh garlic's highest total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and strongest DPPH scavenging activity. GC/MS analysis unveiled distinct volatile profiles. Fresh garlic oil contained elevated allyl-methy-sulfide, diallyl-trisulfide, methyl-propyl-disulfide levels. Antibacterial evaluation displayed substantial inhibition zones, especially fresh garlic oil against E. coli, and oven-dried/freeze-dried garlic oils against P. aeruginosa. Lower Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values for fresh garlic oil and freeze-dried garlic oil against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria signify potent antibacterial activity of garlic-enriched VOO. These findings underscore garlic-enriched VOO's potential as natural antibacterial agents, fortified with antioxidant traits, while emphasizing drying methods' role in shaping volatile compounds [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the effects of the cooking methods (frying, stir-frying, air-frying, boiling, steaming, baking and sous-vide, and microwaving) on total phenolic content (TPC) and sensory profile of cauliflower have been investigated. Higher cooking temperatures have resulted in higher TPC values, which can be attributed to the generation of new phenolics by the Maillard reaction and cleavage of bound phenolics. The highest TPC and bitterness were obtained when steaming and baking (180°C for 20 min) were applied. While the boiling procedure results in low bitterness and sweetness due to the loss of related compounds in boiling water, the taste of cooked cauliflower was higher when steamed (12 min) and stir-fried (4.5 min). Overall acceptability of the boiled, steamed, and fried samples was higher than in baked and sous-vide treated samples. Steaming was determined as the best technique regarding TPC content and sensory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tamarix gallica L. is a halophytic medicinal shrub traditionally used in the treatment of liver disorders. Leaf and flower infusions are widely used for anti-diarrheic and anti-inflammatory preparations. In this work, we have explored the combined effect of method (Maceration and Decoction) and solvent extraction (70% Methanol, 70% Ethanol, 70% Acetone, and Water) on phenolic composition and biological activities (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory) of different T. gallica organ extracts (Leaves, Flowers, Stems, and Fruits). Obtained results showed that Tamarix leaves reveal more potent antioxidant activity. Methanol (70%) was the best maceration solvent for the extraction of leaves and flowers with high total antioxidant and anti-radical capacities. HPLC analysis showed that catechin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, isoquercetin were the major phenolics in 70% methanolic extract. Furthermore, this extract showed considerable anti-inflammatory activity. This prospect could be of great importance in the valuation of this halophyte as a source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanacetum falconeri is a significant flowering plant that possesses cytotoxic, insecticidal, antibacterial, and phytotoxic properties. Its chemodiversity and bioactivities, however, have not been thoroughly investigated. In this work, several extracts from various parts of T. falconeri were assessed for their chemical profile, antioxidant activity, and potential for enzyme inhibition. The total phenolic contents of T. falconeri varied from 40.28 ± 0.47 mg GAE/g to 11.92 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g in various extracts, while flavonoid contents were found highest in TFFM (36.79 ± 0.36 mg QE/g extract) and lowest (11.08 ± 0.22 mg QE/g extract) in TFSC (chloroform extract of stem) in similar pattern as found in total phenolic contents. Highest DPPH inhibition was observed for TFFC (49.58 ± 0.11 mg TE/g extract) and TFSM (46.33 ± 0.10 mg TE/g extract), whereas, TFSM was also potentially active against (98.95 ± 0.57 mg TE/g) ABTS radical. In addition, TFSM was also most active in metal reducing assays: CUPRAC (151.76 ± 1.59 mg TE/g extract) and FRAP (101.30 ± 0.32 mg TE/g extract). In phosphomolybdenum assay, the highest activity was found for TFFE (1.71 ± 0.03 mg TE/g extract), TFSM (1.64 ± 0.035 mg TE/g extract), TFSH (1.60 ± 0.033 mg TE/g extract) and TFFH (1.58 ± 0.08 mg TE/g extract), while highest metal chelating activity was recorded for TFSH (25.93 ± 0.79 mg EDTAE/g extract), TFSE (22.90 ± 1.12 mg EDTAE/g extract) and TFSC (19.31 ± 0.50 mg EDTAE/g extract). In biological screening, all extracts had stronger inhibitory capacity against AChE while in case of BChE the chloroform extract of flower (TFFC) and stem (TFSC) showed the highest activities with inhibitory values of 2.57 ± 0.24 and 2.10 ± 0.18 respectively. Similarly, TFFC and TFSC had stronger inhibitory capacity (1.09 ± 0.015 and 1.08 ± 0.002 mmol ACAE/g extract) against α-Amylase and (0.50 ± 0.02 and 0.55 ± 0.02 mmol ACAE/g extract) α-Glucosidase. UHPLC-MS study of methanolic extract revealed the presence of 133 components including sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarins. The total phenolic contents were substantially linked with all antioxidant assays in multivariate analysis. These findings were validated by docking investigations, which revealed that the selected compounds exhibited high binding free energy with the enzymes tested. Finally, it was found that T. falconeri is a viable industrial crop with potential use in the production of functional goods and nutraceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of n‐propyl gallate as pre‐treatment for resin‐dentin bond strength. The dentin pre‐treatments evaluated included propyl gallate of concentrations 0.1% (w/v), 1.0% (w/v), and 10.0% (w/v), as well as glutaraldehyde 5.0% (v/v), and distilled water as a control treatment. Dentin specimens were prepared for Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR) (n = 3/pre‐treatment). Pre‐treatments were actively applied to dentin blocks before performing the adhesive procedure to composite resin. Microtensile bond strength to dentin (μTBS) (n = 8/pre‐treatment) was determined after 24 h and 6 months of storage. Data were submitted to a two‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. As for FT‐IR, propyl gallate 1%‐treated specimens presented higher water, carbonate, collagen, and amide absorbance rates compared to other tested groups, while specimens pre‐treated with glutaraldehyde and distilled water presented similar absorbance curves. Regarding μTBS, all concentrations of propyl gallate resulted in statistically significant higher bond strength values than distilled water at 24 h. After 6 months of storage, propyl gallate 0.1% was the only group that maintained μTBS over time. Propyl gallate 0.1% might be a suitable dentinal pre‐treatment due to being able to present chemical bonds with demineralized dentin and providing resin‐dentin bond stability after 6 months of storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of utilization possibilities of natural sources has been an important area for research. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity plays a key role in food and medicine industry. Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo), a widely distributed plant among Mediterranean countries, possess fruits and leaves with rich bioactive phytochemicals, especially polyphenolic compounds. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antityrosinase activity of the fruit and leaf extracts of the plant, and to determine the phenolic compounds that contribute to the antityrosinase activity. In this regard, we evaluated the effect of solvent composition on the extraction of phenolic compounds from A. unedo and on its antityrosinase activity using a simplex centroid design approach, and used chromatographic and LC-MS/MS techniques. The leaf extracts prepared using EtOH:water (50:50) provided higher TPC (456.39 mg GAE/g extract) and acetone:EtOH:water (33:33:33) provided higher TFC (56.15 mg QE/g extract) values than of fruit extracts. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 23 phenolic/flavonoid compounds in leaf extracts (L1-8), and major metabolites were detected as quercitrin, quinic acid, catechin, tannic acid, isoquercitrin, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Among the leaf extracts, L3 (aceton:water, 50:50) exhibited 72.01% tyrosinase inhibition at 500 µg/mL. After fractionation studies guided by antityrosinase activity, its subfraction L3-Fr2 exhibited 40.06% inhibition at 50 µg/mL concentration (IC50: 146 ± 7.75 mg/mL), and catechin (113.19 mg/g), tannic acid (53.14 mg/g), ellagic acid (22.14 mg/g), gallic acid (10.27 mg/g), and epicatechin gallate (8.65 mg/g) were determined as major metabolites. Its subfraction L3-Fr2-sub7 exhibited better antityrosinase activity (IC50: 206.23 ± 9.87 µg/mL), and quantitative analysis results revealed the presence of tannic acid (127.40 mg/g), gallic acid (13.96 mg/g), ellagic acid (7.66 mg/g), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (5.06 mg/g), and quinic acid (3.2 mg/g) as major metabolites, and correlation analysis showed that ellagic acid and quinic acid were positively correlated with antityrosinase activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer is a widespread neoplasia with high ratios of chemoresistance. Phytochemicals in plant-based extracts could be useful to treat colorectal cancer, and/or reduce chemoresistance. Methanolic extract of avocado mesocarp (MEAM) has demonstrated antitumoral properties, depending on the fruit ripening stage (RS). The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of methanolic extracts of "Hass" avocado fruit at different RS on cytotoxicity, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-invasive, cell cycle, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition inhibition in colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT29. The MEAM showed an increasing concentration of total phenolic compounds as the RS progressed, which was correlated with antioxidant capacity measured by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay but not with the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. The specific phenolic compounds of MEAM were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and it was found that concentrations of epicatechin decreased while concentrations of chlorogenic acid increased as the RS progressed. The HT29 cell line was treated with MEAM for 48 h, and all MEAM had a cytotoxic effect, reported by MTT assay, nevertheless, the strongest effect was associated with the presence of chlorogenic acid. MEAM induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in phase G0/G1, reported by flow cytometry. Moreover, MEAM inhibited cell migration evidenced by the wound healing assay. On the other hand, MEAM significantly reduced expression of mRNA of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cyclooxygenase 2. These effects comprise important inhibition of some hallmarks of cancer. This, in turn, may provide interesting guidelines for developing antitumoral intervention agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pequi is a native and popular fruit in Cerrado biome. The internal yellow-orange mesocarp is the edible fraction of the fruit, but its shell (peel and external mesocarp), which comprises 80% of the fruit, is not used by the agro-industry during fruit processing. There is a growing interest in the reduction of food loss and waste because of environmental, economic, and social impacts. So this study evaluated the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and in vitro prebiotic activity of pequi shell flour. Pequi shell flour was obtained from the lyophilization and milling of pequi shell. The content of dietary fibers, oligosaccharides, sugars, organic acids, total phenolics and tannins, polyphenol profile, and antioxidant capacity was determined in pequi shell flour. In addition, its prebiotic activity was evaluated on growth and metabolism of probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Pequi shell flour has a high content of dietary fibers (47.92 g/100 g), soluble fibers (18.65 g/100 g), raffinose (2.39 g/100 g), and phenolic compounds (14,062.40 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g). For the first time, the polyphenols epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, and procyanidin B2 were identified in this by-product. Pequi shell flour promoted greater growth of Lacticaseibacillus casei L-26 (at 24–48 h) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, as well as higher prebiotic activity scores than fructooligosaccharides (standard prebiotic). Pequi shell flour is rich in prebiotic compounds and has a high antioxidant and prebiotic potential. The promising results encourage its use as an ingredient with antioxidant and potential prebiotic properties to elaborate new functional foods and nutraceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to lessening the residue of chemicals, which are the primary ingredients in cosmetics, the hunt for herbal extracts with skin health benefits is currently highly intriguing. Local herbs are more valued as a result. This study presents the development and evaluation of a novel plant-based body lotion formulated with extracts from Thai medicinal plants, including Stemona tuberosa. The research aimed to assess the antioxidant activities, toxicity effects, and sensory characteristics of the lotion. Antioxidant properties were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic content (TPC), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, revealing significant antioxidant capabilities, particularly for the Stemona tuberosa extract. Toxicity was evaluated using Galleria mellonella larvae, demonstrating minimal adverse effects in a lotion containing various concentrations of the extracts. The most promising lotion's formulation incorporated different concentrations of Stemona tuberosa extract (1, 3, and 5% w/w), with other ingredients including stearic acid, isopropyl myristate, and glyceryl monostearate, ensuring stability and homogeneity. Sensory evaluations were conducted employing a semitrained panel of 40 judges using a 5-point hedonic scale, focusing on characteristics such as color, fragrance, texture, and overall acceptability. The lotion displayed favorable sensory properties, with different concentrations yielding slightly varied consumer preferences. Overall, the results indicate that a novel herbal lotion formulated with Stemona tuberosa is a promising candidate skincare product, offering antioxidant benefits and consumer acceptability while maintaining low toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Allium staticiforme bulb fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and acetone) in vitro. Fractions were made by Soxhlet method, antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion method, antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging detection and reduction power test. At the same time, the chemical content was determined by examining TLC and total phenolic matter. The concentrations reducing the DPPH radical of the fractions by 50% were determined to be 283.1 µg/mL for methanol, 291.5 µg/mL for petroleum ether, 346 µg/mL for chloroform and 533.6 µg/mL for acetone, respectively. It was observed that the total phenolic substance amounts were in the order (from the higher to the lower): petroleum ether, methanol, chloroform and acetone fractions. The reduction power was directly proportional to the increase in the concentration for all fractions. The highest antibacterial effect was found on the petroleum ether fraction (12 mm) on S. aureus. It was determined that the petroleum ether fraction showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. In the current study the antibacterial and the antioxidant activity of Allium staticiforme bulb fractions (with different polarity) have been investigated for the first time and shown that the solution used in extract preparation is important in revealing the bioactive molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new monoterpene phenol dimers, bisbakuchiols V-X (1-3), and two bakuchiol ethers (4 and 5), along with four known compounds (6-9) were isolated from the fruits of Psoralea corylifolia. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectral analysis. The absolute configurations of 1, 2, 4, and 5 were specified by quantum chemical calculations of ECD spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new phenolic compound oleiphenol (1), and a new dihydrochalcone oleifechalcone (2) along with seven known compounds (3-9) were isolated from the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel. The planar structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses (IR, UV, NMR, and HR-ESI-MS) and comparison with literature data. The absolute configurations of the new structures were determined by ECD calculations and chemical methods. In addition, compounds 1-9 underwent a series of pharmacological activity tests, including cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-RSV and antioxidant activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organic solvent extracts (hexane, chloroform, acetone, methanol and water) of coriander fruits were reported for their antioxidant and repellent activities. The methanol and acetone extracts revealed the highest antiradical activity as compared to the other solvent extracts. HPLC analysis revealed that phenolic acids were the major compounds in chloroform and acetone extracts, whereas flavonoids in methanol and water extracts. The methanol extract of coriander fruits exhibited the highest repellent effect against coleopteran insects. Additionally, the hexane extract of coriander fruits also exhibited potent repellent and toxic activities against rice weevil. It appeared that coriander fruit extract obtained with the apolar solvent had more repellent potential against Sitophilus oryzae as compared to Tribolium castaneum. For Lasioderma serricorne, the methanol extract of coriander fruits reduced in a very significant way the adults followed by the chloroform and hexane extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural compounds that have the potential to act as antimicrobials and antitumors are a constant search in the field of pharmacotherapy. Eragrostis plana NEES (Poaceae) is a grass with high allelopathic potential. Allelopathy is associated with compounds generated in the primary and secondary metabolism of the plant, which act to protect it from phytopathogens. Tabernaemontana catharinensis A DC (Apocynaceae), a tree in which its leaves and bark are used for the preparation of extracts and infusions that have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects, is attributed to its phytochemical constitution. The objective of this study was to elucidate the phytochemical constitution, the antibacterial potential, the toxicity against immune system cells, hemolytic potential, and antitumor effect of methanolic extracts of E. plana and T. catharinensis. The phytochemical investigation was carried out using the UHPLC-QTOF MS equipment. The antibacterial activity was tested using the broth microdilution plate assay, against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, and cytotoxicity assays were performed on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in vitro hemolysis. Antitumor activity was performed against the colon cancer cell line (CT26). Results were expressed as mean and standard deviation and analyzed by ANOVA. p < 0.05 was considered significant. More than 19 possible phytochemical constituents were identified for each plant, with emphasis on phenolic compounds (acids: vanillic, caffeic, and quinic) and alkaloids (alstovenine, rhyncophylline, amezepine, voacangine, and coronaridine). Both extracts showed antibacterial activity at concentrations below 500 µg/mL and were able to decrease the viability of CT26 at concentrations below 2000 µg/mL, without showing cytotoxic effect on PBMCs and in vitro hemolysis at the highest concentration tested. This is the first report of the activity of E. plana and T. catharinensis extracts against colon cancer cell line (CT26). Studies should be carried out to verify possible molecular targets involved in the antitumor effect in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The extraction of chemical compounds from plants is influenced by various factors, such as methodology and duration of extraction, sample preparation, and the type and concentration of solvent used. This study was performed to investigate the effect of extraction time and type of solvent on the contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of Digitalis purpurea L. plant. Material & Methods: An experiment based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement with three replications was conducted at the Horticulture Laboratory at the University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran, in 2021. The experimental treatments included two levels of extraction duration (24 and 48 h) as the main factor, and two levels of methanol, ethanol, and acetone solvents (100% and 80%), compared with the control (distilled water), as sub-factors. Extraction of purple foxglove leaf powder was done by macerating 24 or 48 h using two levels of methanol, ethanol, or acetone as solvents (100%, 80%, and distilled water for the control). Evaluation of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity was performed. The resulting data were analyzed in SAS software version 9, and mean comparisons were performed by Duncan's Multi-Range Tests at the 1% and 5% probability levels. To determine the correlation between parameters, Pearson's correlation coefficient was checked using SPSS version 20 software. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between 24 and 48 h of maceration to extract chemical compounds (P<0.01). The highest amounts of total phenol (24.75 mg GAE/g dw) and antioxidant activity (71.36%) were obtained in 80% acetone extract, and the maximum flavonoid content (6.03 mg Q/g dw) was achieved in 80% ethanol and 48 h maceration time. Generally, increasing the maceration time from 24 h to 48 h caused a significant rise in the extraction of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between flavonoid content (P=0.86) and phenolic content (P=0.82) with antioxidant activity. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results, increasing the extraction time and also utilizing hydroalcoholic solvents were more effective in extracting these compounds than pure alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of Bill No.13-21 on the legal use of cannabis in Morocco, we studied the Cannabis sativa L. plant, known as 'Beldeya,' grown in the Ketama region of northern Morocco. In the present study, phytochemical screening, a quantitative study on ethanol, chloroform, and hexane extracts of cannabis flowers, and a study of antioxidant potential were carried out. In all three extracts, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of different kinds of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, anthocyanins, tannins, and reducing sugars. The Folin-Ciocalteu technique was used to measure the total amount of polyphenols, and the results showed that the total amount of polyphenols varied from 1.802 mg to 2.225 mg of gallic acid equivalent (EqAG). Flavonoid assay with Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) revealed that all three extracts contained flavonoids, ranging from 0.242 mg to 0.442 mg quercetin equivalent (EqQ). Using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) reduction test, antioxidant activity was evaluated. The results obtained show that the ethanolic extract exhibited superior activity, with an IC50 value of 231.39 µg/ml, followed by the hexanic and chloroformic extracts, having IC50 values of 376.40 µg/ml and 769.60 µg/ml, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study aimed to determine the solvent and extraction method that reveals the biological activities and phenolic contents of the plant Equisetum arvense at the maximum rate. Leaf and stem extracts of Equisetum arvense were prepared using the soxhlet and maceration method in the presence of 5 different solvents. The extracts' total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, the antioxidant activity by the DPPH radical scavenging test, and the antimicrobial activity by the disc diffusion method. When the antibacterial activity results were examined, the methanolic leaf extract prepared by the maceration method showed the inhibition zones as 14.5 mm on S. aureus, 14.2 mm on S. epidermidis and 14 mm on E. faecalis. From leaf parts, it was determined that the methanolic extract prepared by the soxhlet method was 85.1%, the acetonic extract 84.5%, the methanolic extract prepared by the maceration method 83%, and the acetonic extract 84.1% scavenged DPPH radical. As a result of the study, it was determined that the maceration method showed better results in evaluating the total phenolic substance amount and antimicrobial activity and the soxhlet method in determining the antioxidant activity. It has been determined that methanol and acetone were the ideal solvents for TPC antioxidant and antimicrobial activity studies to be carried out with E. arvense plant. In this study, plant leaves and stems were studied separately for the first time and their biological activities were compared. In addition, our study provides integrative data investigating and comparing the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the E. arvense plant in detail with various solvents and methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the phytochemical content of Hibiscus panduriformis, Alternanthera pungens, and Wissadula rostrata and assessed their radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties. n-Hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were prepared from the powdered plant parts. The phytochemical analysis was performed using qualitative high-performance thin-layer chromatography, and polyphenols were quantified using well-established methods. The anti-inflammatory effect was by lipoxygenase inhibition, while the antiradical impact was evaluated through DPPH and ABTS radicals. Steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins were identified in the three plants. The highest phenolic content (95.67 ± 2.19 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) was obtained in the methanolic extract of W. rostrata, while the lowest was measured in H. panduriformis. H. panduriformis was found to be highly rich in flavonoids (61.22 ± 0.09 mg rutin equivalent/g), condensed tannins (62.53 ± 0.03 mg catechin equivalent/g), and hydrolyzable tannins (125.1 ± 1.02 mg tannic acid equivalent/g). The methanolic extract of H. panduriformis displayed the greatest antilipoxygenase activity with an IC50 value of 8.78 ± 1.05 μg/mL. It should be noted that although a moderate to low effect was observed, the extracts were more likely to scavenge DPPH (IC50 values ranged from 0.106 ± 0.010 to 1 mg/mL) than ABTS radicals. There was a strong to moderate correlation between the antilipoxygenase and DPPH radical scavenging effects of the methanolic extracts and total phenolic content (antilipoxygenase, r = 0.7175 ; DPPH, r = 0.9376). Furthermore, it is worth noting that this is the first report investigating the phytochemical analysis and in vitro biological properties of Hibiscus panduriformis. The results highlighted the richness of this plant in polyphenols and demonstrated its high and moderate effects on lipoxygenase and DPPH radicals, respectively. To this intent, further in vivo and in vitro studies on this plant, along with exhaustive phytochemical analysis, are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lycium europaeum is used as a medicinal herb in many countries. In this study, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were used as solvents in the extraction of L. europaeum fruits. The contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, total tannins and condensed tannins as well as the biological activities of these extracts were investigated using various in vitro and ex vivo assays. Results showed that all solvent extracts of L. europaeum had no anticancer activity against cancerous (A-549 and DLD-1) and non-cancerous (WS-1) human cells. Methanol and ethyl acetate were the most effective solvent for extraction of phenolic compounds and also exhibited the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The methanol extract of L. europaeum fruits was the richest in phenolic compounds with the predominance of ferulic acid, catechin and narengin. These results supported the use of L. europaeum fruit as natural source of bioactive compound for pharmaceutical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increase in gout prevalence has drawn attention among society and this situation drives the exploration of more favourable treatment using traditional medicinal plants which are rich in phenolic and flavonoid to avoid the side effects of modern medication. However, there are only few studies regarding the optimization of phytochemicals and anti-gout properties of medicinal plants and their combinations. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal formulation of Strobilanthes crispus, Orthosiphon stamineus Benth and Stevia rebaudiana with maximum total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as minimum IC50 of in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and to examine their correlations among the formulations. Plant extracts from hot water infusion were tested for the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and enzyme inhibition through Folin-ciocalteu assay, aluminium chloride method and xanthine oxidase inhibition assay, respectively. Simplex-centroid mixture design was applied in this study and 13 polyherbal formulations were generated by Design Expert Software. Linear, special cubic and quadratic models were selected to describe the interaction effect between polyherbal formulations and their responses. Low IC50 value (13.90 μg/mL) of xanthine oxidase activity was found in the binary combination of O. stamineus and S. rebaudiana and this probably related to its high phenolic and flavonoid contents as xanthine oxidase inhibition and phytochemicals were correlated. The suggested optimal formulation was comprised of 44.26 % O. stamineus and 55.74 % S. rebaudiana and it could be developed as an alternative treatment for gout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature of volatile compounds in Agaricus bisporus was investigated by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relative level of each constituent was determined by area normalization method and internal standard method. A total of 84 volatile compounds were identified in Agaricus bisporus, including 22 esters, 11 aldehydes, 11 acids, 11 alcohols, 9 ketones, 6 alkanes, 4 pyridines, 4 amidines, 2 ethers, 1 phenol, and 3 others. The main compounds were benzyl alcohol (28.84%, 3015.92 ng/g), benzaldehyde (25.88%, 2706.80 ng/g), benzoic acid (7.25%, 757.98 ng/g), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (4.13%, 431.74 ng/g), benzeneacetaldehyde (3.72%, 389.34 ng/g), and butanoic acid (3.16%, 330.08 ng/g). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the ethnobotanical and antioxidant properties of seasoning plants used in food, assessing 33 flavored plant species' total phenolic and flavonoid content, along with their antioxidant capabilities. The research employed the Folin-Ciocalteu method to determine total phenolic content (TPC), while total flavonoid content (TFC) was measured using the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. Antioxidant capacity was gauged through DPPH assays, and seasoning plant flavors were categorized based on taste testing. The findings revealed 23 plant families and 33 distinct species employed in food flavoring, divided into 4 to 5 flavor categories encompassing 13 variations of highly spicy plants from the Lamiaceae family, 9 sweet-flavored varieties, 6 savory or delicious-flavored types, and 5 sour-flavored options. Among these, Brassica juncea displayed the most remarkable production of phenolic compounds and substantial flavonoid content, accompanied by the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 66.08 ± 1.85 µg/ml) within the spicy category. Allium ascalonicum exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among sweet-tasting plants, featuring noteworthy phenolic compound and flavonoid concentrations (IC50 value of 126.70 µg/ml). Additionally, the study identified plants contributing to sour and salty or umami tastes, with Bauhinia malabarica and Clochidion littorale presenting significant concentrations of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, accompanied by notable IC50 values (95.31 ± 0.28 and 67.18 ± 2.15 µg/ml, respectively). This research offers valuable insights into the phytochemical constituents and therapeutic potential of seasoning plants used in traditional medicine and the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese olives (Canarium album L.) are rich in phenolic compounds, exhibiting a broad spectrum of potential clinical applications. This study is the first report on the isolation and elucidation of bioactive compounds with high anti- proliferative activity from the ethyl acetate fraction of a Chinese olive fruit methanolic extract (CO-EtOAc). We used the WST-1 assay to determine which subfractions of CO-EtOAc had significant antiproliferative activity using the murine colon cancer cell line CT26. Subsequently, the functional compounds were characterized by the hyphenated technique and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-solid phase extraction-transfer tube-nuclear magnetic resonance (HPLC-DAD-SPE-TT-NMR). Thirteen phenolic constituents were identified from the antiproliferation-enhancing subfractions of CO-EtOAc, including two new compounds, 2,4-didehydrochebulic acid 1,7-dimethyl ester (5) and 1-hydroxybrevifolin (7), which were further purified and found to exhibit marked antiproliferative activity. Chebulic acid dimethyl ester (2), which was isolated from C. album for the first time, also possessed antiproliferative activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Food & Health (2602-2834) is the property of Scientific Web Journals (SWJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The genus Berberis belongs to the Berberidaceae family, with 15 genera and 650 species around the world. It has valuable potential in the medicinal and food industries. In this study, the phytochemical diversity of 55 fruits of the Iranian Berberis genotype were investigated. The results of this study could be used in the breeding and determination of superior genotypes in the future. Plant materials were collected from the barberry Collection Garden of Mashhad and also different natural habitats of barberry in various provinces of Iran. The samples were air-dried, finely grounded, and extracted by methanol at room temperature. Then, total phenol and total flavonoid were measured by FolinCiocalteu and AlCl3 assays, respectively. Radicals neutralizing effects of extracts were examined through the 2,2-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results showed a significant difference between phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant properties of various extracts, at a probability level of 1%. A methanol extract of B. integerrima × crataegina (genotype code 4-1) resulted in the highest phenolic content with an average of 4.2 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) ml-1 extract, while the lowest content was recorded for B. integerrima )genotype code 23-4) with an average of 1.7 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/ ml extract. The highest flavonoid content was observed with extracts of B. integerrima (genotype code 4-4) and B. orthobotrys × crataegina (genotype code 15-4) with an average of 6.3 mg quercetin equivalents (Q)/ ml extract. The least was recorded for B. integerrima (genotype code 23-4) with an average of 0.4 mg quercetin equivalents (Q)/ ml extract. The highest and lowest rates of free radical scavenging DPPH were 59.06% and 12.3%, respectively. The results showed that barberry has a great diversity in terms of phytochemical characteristics in different genotypes and is a valuable genetic source for breeding research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Phenols and flavonoids are the most common phytoconstituents of medicinal and aromatic plants, and responsible for antioxidant activities. This study aimed to determine the content of phenolics and flavonoids in water and methanolic extracts of six selected medicinal plants (Betula pendula Roth, Betula pubescens Ehrh., Trifolium pratense L., Verbascum thapsus L., Equisetum arvense L., and Sambucus nigra L.) collected from various locations in Kosovo. Methods: The total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight sample (mgGAE/gDW). The total flavonoid content (TFC) was measured by the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay and expressed as mg of catechin equivalents per gram of dry weight sample (mgCE/gDW). Results: The TPC of the water extracts ranged from 5.26±0.05 mgGAE/gDW (Equisetum arvense L.) to 33.14 ± 0.13 mgGAE/gDW (Sambucus nigra L.), while that of the methanolic extracts ranged from 16.85 ± 0.27 mgGAE/gDW (Equisetum arvense) to 38.95 ± 0.15 mgGAE/gDW (Betula pendula). The TFC of the water extracts ranged from 0.09 ± 0.01 mgCE/gDW (Verbascum thapsus) to 1.57 ± 0.01 mg CE/gDW (Trifolium pratense), while that of the methanolic extracts ranged from 0.25 ± 0.02 mgCE/gDW (Verbascum thapsus) to 1.36±0.02 mgCE/gDW (Trifolium pratense). Equisetum arvense herba showed the largest difference in TPC and TFC between the water and methanolic extracts, with 8.26 ± 0.05 mgGAE/gDW and 0.25 ± 0.01 mgCE/gDW in water extract and 16.85 ± 0.27 mgGAE/gDW and 1.15 ± 0.08 mgCE/gDW in methanolic extract, respectively. Conclusions: Results shows varying levels of phenolics and flavonoids, with some plants exhibiting higher levels in methanolic extracts than in water extracts. These findings may have important implications for the potential use of these plants in traditional medicine and as sources of natural antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Castanea sativa Mill. (chestnut) leaf extract and their anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7 cell line. Material and Methods: The antioxidant properties of the extract were determined using the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. In addition, the anti-proliferative effect was determined by XTT method in MCF-7 breast cell line. The leaf extract used was applied at different concentrations for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours and the results were evaluated with the Graphpad Prism software program. Results: In this study, it was revealed that the total phenolic contents of ethanolic extracts of chestnut leaf 58.22 mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid content was 64.62 mg QE/g. The DPPH activity of the leaf extract of chestnut was 80.06%. Moreover, findings showed that Chestnut leaf extract had cytotoxic effect against breast cancer cells depends on concentration and time. The 24h, 48h and 72h most effective IC50 dose were 100.1 µL, 193 µL 15.23 µL, respectively. The study showed that the ethanolic extract of chestnut has anticancer activity by supporting its antiproliferative effect in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicated that ethanol extract of Castanea sativa leaf could potential as medicinal drug in breast cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Previous studies aiming at relating exposure to phenols and phthalates with child social behavior characterized exposure using one or a few spot urine samples, resulting in substantial exposure misclassification. Moreover, early infancy exposure was rarely studied. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the associations of phthalates and phenols with child social behavior in a cohort with improved exposure assessment and to a priori identify the chemicals supported by a higher weight of evidence. METHODS: Among 406 mother-child pairs from the French Assessment of Air Pollution exposure during Pregnancy and Effect on Health (SEPAGES) cohort, 25 phenols/phthalate metabolites were measured in within-subject pools of repeated urine samples collected at the second and third pregnancy trimesters (∼21 samples/trimester) and at 2 months and 1-year of age (∼7 samples/period). Social behavior was parent-reported at 3 years of age of the child using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). A structured literature review of the animal and human evidence was performed to prioritize the measured phthalates/phenols based on their likelihood to affect social behavior. Both adjusted linear regression and Bayesian Weighted Quantile Sum (BWQS) regression models were fitted. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied only to nonprioritized chemicals. RESULTS: Prioritized compounds included bisphenol A, bisphenol S, triclosan (TCS), diethyl-hexyl phthalate (RDEHP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP). With the exception of bisphenols, which showed a mixed pattern of positive and negative associations in pregnant mothers and neonates, few prenatal associations were observed. Most associations were observed with prioritized chemicals measured in 1-y-old infants: Each doubling in urinary TCS (β=0.78; 95% CI: 0.00, 1.55) and MEP (β=0.92; 95% CI: -0.11, 1.96) concentrations were associated with worse total SRS scores, whereas MnBP and RDEHP were associated with worse Social Awareness (β=0.25; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.50) and Social Communication (β=0.43; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.89) scores, respectively. BWQS also suggested worse total SRS [Beta 1=1.38; 95% credible interval (CrI): -0.18, 2.97], Social Awareness (Beta 1=0.37; 95% CrI: 0.06, 0.70), and Social Communication (Beta 1=0.91; 95% CrI: 0.31, 1.53) scores per quartile increase in the mixture of prioritized compounds assessed in 1-y-old infants. The few associations observed with nonprioritized chemicals did not remain after FDR correction, with the exception of benzophenone-3 exposure in 1-y-old infants, which was suggestively associated with worse Social Communication scores (corrected 푝=0.07). DISCUSSION: The literature search allowed us to adapt our statistical analysis according to the weight of evidence and create a corpus of experimental and epidemiological knowledge to better interpret our findings. Early infancy appears to be a sensitive exposure window that should be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of purple waxy corn's dried cobs as agricultural waste holds potential for the recovery of valuable anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, thereby adding value to the cobs and facilitating their application in the food industry. This study aimed to employ an ultrasound probe extraction technique in combination with the central composite face-centered design, which is widely used in response surface methodology (RSM). Specifically, this research aimed to determine the suitable extraction temperature and time that would result in the highest possible yield of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds from the purple waxy corn's dried cobs The ultrasound probe extraction method was implemented with a solvent-sample weight ratio of 20:1 w/w, utilizing a solvent composition consisting of a water to ethanol weight ratio of 1:1 w/w. Furthermore, an ultrasonic amplitude of 50% was employed during the extraction process. The result indicated that the optimal extraction condition to obtain the high yield of anthocyanins and phenolics simultaneously was at the extraction temperature of 70 °C for 25 min extraction time. Under the suitable extraction condition, the experimental extraction produced the dried cob extract with a high total anthocyanin content of 305.40 µg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent (C3G)/g dried cob) and total phenolic content of 25.50 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dried cob). For this optimal condition, an antioxidant activity of the extract of approximately 6.41 mg/mL was also found, resulting in 50% reduction in the initial DPPH concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Kebab is a food product containing at least 70% animal minced meat. Sprouted wheat flour is a valuable natural source for enhancing nutritional values and improving sensory attributes of food products such as chicken kebabs. Combining ultrasonic and infrared processes decreases drying time and improves product quality. Materials and Methods: In this study, physicochemical characteristics (moisture, ash, acidity, pH, lightness, redness, yellowness and density), phenolic content, textural characteristics (puncture and texture profile analysis assays) and sensorial attributes of chicken kebabs containing various substitution levels of sonicated and infrared-dried sprouted wheat flour were investigated. Results: Chicken kebabs with sprouted wheat flour included higher total phenolic contents than the control sample. Complete replacement of sprouted wheat flour with breadcrumbs increased acidity, redness index, density, firmness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness of baked chicken kebabs and decreased moisture content, ash content, pH and lightness index of kebabs. However, no statistically significant differences were seen between the kebabs for density, texture hardness, cohesiveness and springiness (p > 0.05). The average total phenolic contents of prepared kebabs containing 0, 50 and 100% of sprouted wheat flour were 439.98, 466.50 and 757.57 μg GA/g, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the sensory assessment results, sprouted wheat flour is recommended for chicken kebab preparation due to its superior appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem in neonates that causes hospitalization. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of concentrated pomegranate juice (CPJ) consumption by breastfeeding mothers on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Materials and Methods: In this open-labeled, add-on, randomized clinical trial, 86 breastfeeding mothers and their neonates were allocated into two groups. In the control group, neonates received phototherapy. Besides neonates' phototherapy in the intervention group, their mothers received CPJ (1 tablespoon [15 g] three times a day) up to discharge. The bilirubin level was the primary outcome. The duration of phototherapy, the duration of hospital stay, and the need for exchange transfusions were secondary outcomes. Results: CPJ reduced the bilirubin level of hospitalized neonates within 48 h after consumption (P = 0.048, standard mean difference = 0.648). It also resulted in reduced duration of hospital stay and faster discharge of the neonates. Furthermore, in 48 h after discharge, bilirubin was significantly lower in the CPJ group (P = 0.003, partial eta squared = 0.123). Conclusion: Compared to the control group, consumption of CPJ by lactating mothers whose infants underwent phototherapy resulted in lower bilirubin levels, shorter hospital stay, and faster discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the chemical industry, more and more high-salinity sewage that contains the pollutant phenol. The research in this paper tested Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) phenol degradation with a focus on the Staphylococcus caprae strain SHBCC D10058 ATCC 35538 as the degrading bacteria. In conditions with a 5% salinity medium and 100mg/L initial phenol concentration, after three days of degradation, 46.25% phenol remained. The phenol concentration was initially 220mg/L; after three days of degradation in a 5% salinity condition, 64.74% phenol remained. 65.93% of phenol remained in the medium with an initial phenol concentration of 300mg/L after three days' degradation. When the Microbial Fuel Cell was utilized with only polycarbonate brine (1.6%salinity, 4.07mg/L phenol), the cell had a maximum power output of 30.070mW/m2, and after three days of degradation, 32.31% phenol remained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to highlight the activities of bioactive compounds present in the stem of sweet cherries, four different cultivars (Van, Burlat, Napoleon, and Cœur pigeon) were collected in Sefrou city in Morocco and were studied. Several assays were performed for this purpose, such as the quantification of phenolic compounds (TPC, TFC, and CTC) and the evaluation of the antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The phenolic profile of each extract was characterized by UHPLC-DAD/MS analysis. The antidiabetic (α-amylase inhibition) and antigout (xanthine oxidase inhibition) activities were also investigated. The results showed high levels of phenolic compounds, with the values of 340 ± 12.06, 244 ± 10.20, 232 ± 5.07, and 19 ± 3.10 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract for the cultivars Napoleon, Coeur de pigeon, Van, and Burlat, respectively. According to the same order, the flavonoids showed amounts of 34.31 ± 2.08, 23.75 ± 1.02, 24.37 ± 1.20, and 23.31 ± 0.90 mg (rutin equivalent) RE/g extract. These values were correlated with the results of the antioxidant assays, where the Napoleon cultivar proved to be the most potent using the DPPH (IC50 = 2.51 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 55.38 µg/mL) assays. The phenolic profile of each extract resulted in the identification of twenty-two compounds belonging to five distinct groups. The major phenolic compounds identified were sakuranetin and dihydrowgonin with their glucosides. Antidiabetic activity assays showed that only stem extracts from Burlat and Napoleon cultivars were able to inhibit the α-amylase enzyme with values of 85.57 ± 1.09% and 68.01 ± 3.52%, respectively. All stem extracts proved their ability to inhibit the xanthine oxidase enzyme which is directly linked to the gout disease, with a high value for Van cultivar (40.63 ± 2.37%). These new findings could provide new opportunities for the valorization of cherry stems for the pharmaceutical application of their active phytochemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants have been used to treat diverse types of diseases in different cultural groups around the globe. In this regard, the root of Plectocephalus varians (P. varians) is claimed to have a beneficiary effect in treating cancer and hemorrhoids in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed at the phytochemical investigation, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of n-hexane, acetone, and methanolic extracts of P. varians root. The different crude extracts of P. varians were obtained through maceration technique. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of the extracts were estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR) and aluminum chloride colorimetric assays, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were assessed by using disc diffusion method. The results echoed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, tannins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, polyphenols, and glycosides in the root of P. varians. The methanolic root extract (MRE) had the highest TPC (107.18 mg GAE/g) and TFC (120.194 mg QE/g) followed by acetone root extract (ARE) (TPC = 98.68 mg GAE/g; TFC = 64.038 mg QE/g) and n-hexane root extract (HRE) (TPC = 12.39 mg GAE/g; TFC = 9.917 mg QE/g). The DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assays demonstrated the antioxidant effects of HRE (IC50 = 681.75 ppm; EC50 = 60.65 ppm), ARE (IC50 = 165.73 ppm; EC50 = 51.67 ppm) and MRE (IC50 = 132.06 ppm; EC50 = 30.97 ppm) of P. varians. Furthermore, the root fractions elicited pronounced dose-dependent growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae with mean zone of inhibition (MZI) ranging from 11 ± 0.38 to 20 ± 0.04 mm at 800 ppm. Overall, the present study provides ethnopharmacological evidence suggesting the medicinal importance of P. varians. The results also call for further bioassay-guided phytochemical screening and in vitro and/or in vivo bioactivity testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The plants, which grow wild in the Eastern Anatolia Region and are known as kari (Arum elongatum; Ae) and mende (Chaerophyllum macrospermum; Cm), are used for treatment purposes such as pain reliever and wound healing properties. It is aimed to determine some biological properties of these plants, which are also used medicinally. Material-Method: Firstly, hexane (H), ethanol (E) and acetone (A) extracts of dried plants were prepared and antimicrobial activities of extracts against 13 indicator microorganisms were determined by agar well diffusion method. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH and ABTS analyses and the total phenolic component contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Results: The maximum extract yield was obtained in the ethanol extracts of the plants (AeE;10.4011% CmE;2.4898%), the minimum extract yield was obtained in the acetone extracts (AeA;0.8422% CmA;0.3510%). The hexane extract of A. elongatum has no inhibition activity against E. faecalis and L. monocytogenes, but it has inhibition activity against other indicator microorganisms. The other extracts of A. elongatum and all extracts of C. macrospermum were found to have inhibitory activity against all indicator microorganisms. Furthermore, the highest phenolic content was calculated as 54.60±0.486 µg mL-1 (AeE) and the lowest content as 3.47±0.001 µg mL-1 (CmA). As a result of the DPPH method the highest IC50 was calculated as 32.4140 µg mL-1 (CmH) and the lowest IC50 as 12.7876 µg mL-1 (AeA) and ABTS method the highest IC50 was calculated as 10.3203 µg mL-1 (CmE), and the lowest IC50 as 0.2744 µg mL-1 (CmA). Conclusion: These results show that the plant extracts have strong antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wedang uwuh is a traditional Indonesian beverage that contains natural antioxidants. Hence, it is generally consumed by people for its beneficial effects on health. The antioxidant compounds can exert their activity only after passing through the digestive system. This study aims to determine the effect of boiling time on the bioaccessibility of antioxidants in wedang uwuh beverages after the gastrointestinal digestion process. The bioaccessibility was evaluated using the bioaccessibility index (BI) of total phenolic content (folin-ciocalteu method) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, DPPH and ABTS assay). The research found that lengthening of boiling time could increase significantly (p<0.05) the total phenolic content, as well as antioxidant capacity. The 15 minutes of boiling had the highest value for total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity before digestion. Otherwise, after passing through gastric and intestinal digestion, boiling for 5 minutes resulted in the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of wedang uwuh beverage. This was due to heat processing influencing the stability of phenolic and antioxidant compounds before and after digestion. The bioaccessibility of antioxidant and phenolic compounds in wedang uwuh beverage was higher in the 5 minutes boiling process than in the 15 minutes. The boiling process for 5 minutes resulted in the bioaccessibility index of wedang uwuh beverage were 32.25% for total phenolic content, 37.25% for FRAP, 25.88% for scavenging of radical DPPH• and 83.45% for scavenging of radical ionic ABTS•+. Hence, it was recommended to use a boiling time of 5 minutes to prepare a wedang uwuh beverage. This study found that pH conditions and enzymatic activity in gastrointestinal digestion decreased phenolic and antioxidant contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tea is one of the most popular and oldest beverages available in many varieties and the use of different flavoring ingredients is becoming more common. The present study aimed to examine tea consumption behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzed the bioactive compounds of tea flavoring ingredients. At first, a cross-sectional study was carried out with 140 randomly selected participants to determine tea consumption patterns and data was collected through face-to-face interviews. Then 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, the Folin-Ciocalteu technique, and the quercetin method were used to assess antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of tea flavoring ingredients. The study found that 57.86% of the participants increased their tea consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas 22.80% increased their tea consumption by at least one more cup per day. It was also found that ginger was the most popular (29.5%) among fifteen tea flavoring agents. By analyzing tea flavoring ingredients, the maximum antioxidant activity found in cinnamon was 87%, and lemon leaves had the lowest, which was 60%. On a dry weight basis, the TPC of the tea flavoring components ranged from 36.52 mg GAE/g for cloves to 9.62 mg GAE/g for ginger. The maximum TFC was also found in clove with 13.68 mg QE/g, and moringa was the second highest with 12.26 mg GAE/g. The antioxidant activity of flavoring compounds has a significant correlation (p<0.05) with TPC and TFC. Overall, tea consumption behavior with tea flavoring ingredients increased during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Tea with flavoring ingredients may be one of the best dietary sources of antioxidants, TPC, and TFC which are important for strengthening the immune system and controlling different physiological and metabolic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Powdered Pluchea indica Less leaves have been utilized as herbal tea, brewing of pluchea tea in hot water has antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, because of phytochemical compound content, namely tannins, alkaloids, phenol hydroquinone, phenolics, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and sterols. Using of this extract on food, such as jelly drinks, buns, and soymilk can increase functional values and influence physic, chemical, and sensory characteristics of food. The study was carried out to assess the effect of various concentration of pluchea tea on the physical, chemical and sensory properties of wet noodles. A one-factor randomized design was applied with pluchea tea at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% (w/v). Physical properties analyzed included water content, swelling index, cooking loss, color and texture. Chemical properties measured were bioactive contents of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals and to reduce iron ions. Sensory properties determined were taste, texture, color, aroma and overall acceptance. The addition of various concentrations of extract offers significantly effects on parameters of physical, chemical and sensory properties of noodles, except color (redness, chroma and hue), cooking loss, water content, swelling index and aroma. Using of 10% (w/v) of pluchea tea resulted in the best sensory properties such as color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptance with the scores of 5.62 (slightly like), 5.45 (slightly like), 5.46 (somewhat like), 6.53 (like), and 6.53 (like), respectively. Generally, the study concluded that wet noodles can be made by adding pluchea tea at 10% (w/v). Dried samples TPC, TFC, DPPH free radical scavenging and iron ion reducing power were 82.84 mg GAE/kg, 62.44 mg CE/kg, 130.68 mg GAE/kg and 51.33 mg GAE/kg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to investigate the impact of heat treatment on stingless bee honey obtained by Heterotrigona itama, a commercial stingless bee found in the southern region of Thailand. Three honey samples originating from three different forest types (mangrove forest, swamp forest, and mixed forest) were heated to 37 °C and 45 °C for 24 and 48 h and then analyzed for their physicochemical properties, total phenolic content, the flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity by radical scavenging activity on 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results showed the raw honey from mixed forest had the highest radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 43.996±0.377 mg/ml. In addition, this honey sample also exhibited the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents with 89.916±0.358 mg GAE/100 g of honey and 58.093±0.294 mg QE/100 g of honey, respectively. After heat treatment, the honey samples showed little change in physicochemical properties when compared to raw honey samples. After incubation at 45 °C for 48 hours, the moisture content decreased 27.93±0.17 to 20.14±0.34 g/100 g. Interestingly, heat treatment at 37 °C and 45 °C did not affect the total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities (p > 0.05) in the honey samples. While heat treatment aids in keeping the physicochemical and bioactive properties of dehydrated honey, it can be concluded that the proposed method can be employed as an alternate method for preserving honey from stingless bees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underutilized wild edible species or neglected crop species are still used at low levels within the local communities, but show a high potential to contribute to the food supply with more health benefits. This study was conducted to assess the nutritional properties of two underutilized wild edible species, namely, Acrostichum aureum and Talinum triangulare available in Sri Lanka. Plant extracts were analyzed for their ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content, antioxidant activities, and mineral contents (Ca, Cu, Zn, and Fe). Bioaccessibility of minerals was also tested through an in vitro digestion model. Ca is the most abundant micronutrient (45.61-102.91 mg/100 g) in both tested species, while the in vitro bioaccessibility assay shows a higher fraction of Ca (47.46%) in A. aureum and Cu (64.68%) in T. triangulare. The highest concentrations of ascorbic acid and total phenolic content were found in T. triangulare (AAC: 165 mg/100 g; TPC: GAE,34.8 mg/100 g). Studied species were found to have significant antioxidant activities as evaluated by two different methods, such as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. In relation to the tested data, T. triangulare has shown the greatest antioxidant activity in both methods. Hence, consumption of identified underutilized plant species may serve as good sources of antioxidants and minerals in their natural form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the lactulose-fortified low-calorie guava preserves. The results showed that sucrose, used as a sweetener in guava preserves, could be partially substituted by lactulose without significantly affecting the overall quality of the preserves. The physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and sensory evaluation of guava preserves with substitute lactulose were evaluated. The main aim of this study was to develop prebiotic guava preserves from two guava cultivars, namely, Safeda and Chittidar. The guava preserves without lactulose were used as control samples which contained 50% w/w sucrose of pulp, while lactulose-treated preserves replaced sucrose with 25%, 50%, and 75% w/w of lactulose. The finding showed that prebiotics did not significantly differ between control and treated samples. The range of ascorbic acid content of guava preserves was 98.2-102.6 mg/100g. Lactulose did not show a statistically significant effect on the level of ascorbic acid in guava preserves. The mineral content and antioxidant properties of guava preserves supplemented with lactulose were higher than those not supplemented with lactulose. The guava preserves with 50% lactulose were most accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiretroviral therapy is the only treatment option for HIV-infected patients; however, it has certain drawbacks in terms of developing multiple toxic side effects. Thus, there is a continuous need to explore safe and efficacious anti-retroviral agents. Carica papaya Linn and Psidium guajava are known for their various biological activities. In this study, we characterized the bioactive fractions of methanolic leaves extract from both plants using the High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI–MS) technique, followed by the investigation of their potential as anti-HIV-1 and antioxidant agents through in vitro mechanistic assays. The anti-HIV-1 activity was examined in TZM-bl cells through luciferase gene assay against two different clades of HIV-1 strains, whereas the intracellular ROS generation was analyzed by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting. Additionally, the mechanisms of action of these phyto-extracts were determined through the Time-of-addition assay. The characterization of Carica papaya Linn and Psidium guajava leaves extract through HR-ESI–MS fragmentation showed high enrichment of various alkaloids, glycosides, lipids, phenolic compounds, terpenes, and fatty acids like bioactive constituents. Both the phyto-extracts were found to be less toxic and exhibited potent antiviral activity against HIV-1 strains. Furthermore, the phyto-extracts also showed a decreased intracellular ROS in HIV-1 infected cells due to their high antioxidant potential. Overall, our study suggests the anti-HIV-1 potential of Carica papaya Linn and Psidium guajava leaves extract due to the synergistic action of multiple bioactive constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]