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3. Automated wildlife image classification: An active learning tool for ecological applications

Author

Bothmann, Ludwig, Wimmer, Lisa, Charrakh, Omid, Weber, Tobias, Edelhoff, Hendrik, Peters, Wibke, Nguyen, Hien, Benjamin, Caryl, and Menzel, Annette

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Wildlife camera trap images are being used extensively to investigate animal abundance, habitat associations, and behavior, which is complicated by the fact that experts must first classify the images manually. Artificial intelligence systems can take over this task but usually need a large number of already-labeled training images to achieve sufficient performance. This requirement necessitates human expert labor and poses a particular challenge for projects with few cameras or short durations. We propose a label-efficient learning strategy that enables researchers with small or medium-sized image databases to leverage the potential of modern machine learning, thus freeing crucial resources for subsequent analyses. Our methodological proposal is two-fold: (1) We improve current strategies of combining object detection and image classification by tuning the hyperparameters of both models. (2) We provide an active learning (AL) system that allows training deep learning models very efficiently in terms of required human-labeled training images. We supply a software package that enables researchers to use these methods directly and thereby ensure the broad applicability of the proposed framework in ecological practice. We show that our tuning strategy improves predictive performance. We demonstrate how the AL pipeline reduces the amount of pre-labeled data needed to achieve a specific predictive performance and that it is especially valuable for improving out-of-sample predictive performance. We conclude that the combination of tuning and AL increases predictive performance substantially. Furthermore, we argue that our work can broadly impact the community through the ready-to-use software package provided. Finally, the publication of our models tailored to European wildlife data enriches existing model bases mostly trained on data from Africa and North America.

Published
2023
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15. Automated visitor and wildlife monitoring with camera traps and machine learning.

Author

Mitterwallner, Veronika, Peters, Anne, Edelhoff, Hendrik, Mathes, Gregor, Nguyen, Hien, Peters, Wibke, Heurich, Marco, and Steinbauer, Manuel J.

Subjects
WILDLIFE monitoring, OBJECT recognition (Computer vision), IMAGE recognition (Computer vision), HUMAN activity recognition, MACHINE learning, ACCELERATION (Mechanics), CAMERAS, IMAGE processing
Abstract

As human activities in natural areas increase, understanding human–wildlife interactions is crucial. Big data approaches, like large‐scale camera trap studies, are becoming more relevant for studying these interactions. In addition, open‐source object detection models are rapidly improving and have great potential to enhance the image processing of camera trap data from human and wildlife activities. In this study, we evaluate the performance of the open‐source object detection model MegaDetector in cross‐regional monitoring using camera traps. The performance at detecting and counting humans, animals and vehicles is evaluated by comparing the detection results with manual classifications of more than 300 000 camera trap images from three study regions. Moreover, we investigate structural patterns of misclassification and evaluate the results of the detection model for typical temporal analyses conducted in ecological research. Overall, the accuracy of the detection model was very high with 96.0% accuracy for animals, 93.8% for persons and 99.3% for vehicles. Results reveal systematic patterns in misclassifications that can be automatically identified and removed. In addition, we show that the detection model can be readily used to count people and animals on images with underestimating persons by −0.05, vehicles by −0.01 and animals by −0.01 counts per image. Most importantly, the temporal pattern in a long‐term time series of manually classified human and wildlife activities was highly correlated with classification results of the detection model (Pearson's r = 0.996, p < 0.001) and diurnal kernel densities of activities were almost equivalent for manual and automated classification. The results thus prove the overall applicability of the detection model in the image classification process of cross‐regional camera trap studies without further manual intervention. Besides the great acceleration in processing speed, the model is also suitable for long‐term monitoring and allows reproducibility in scientific studies while complying with privacy regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Wherever I may roam—Human activity alters movements of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and elk (Cervus canadensis) across two continents

Author

Mumme, Steffen, primary, Middleton, Arthur D., additional, Ciucci, Paolo, additional, De Groeve, Johannes, additional, Corradini, Andrea, additional, Aikens, Ellen O., additional, Ossi, Federico, additional, Atwood, Paul, additional, Balkenhol, Niko, additional, Cole, Eric K., additional, Debeffe, Lucie, additional, Dewey, Sarah R., additional, Fischer, Claude, additional, Gude, Justin, additional, Heurich, Marco, additional, Hurley, Mark A., additional, Jarnemo, Anders, additional, Kauffman, Matthew J., additional, Licoppe, Alain, additional, van Loon, Emiel, additional, McWhirter, Doug, additional, Mong, Tony W., additional, Pedrotti, Luca, additional, Morellet, Nicolas, additional, Mysterud, Atle, additional, Peters, Wibke, additional, Proffitt, Kelly, additional, Saïd, Sonia, additional, Signer, Johannes, additional, Sunde, Peter, additional, Starý, Martin, additional, and Cagnacci, Francesca, additional

Published
2023
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17. Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

Author

Tucker, Marlee A., primary, Schipper, Aafke M., additional, Adams, Tempe S. F., additional, Attias, Nina, additional, Avgar, Tal, additional, Babic, Natarsha L., additional, Barker, Kristin J., additional, Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume, additional, Behr, Dominik M., additional, Belant, Jerrold L., additional, Beyer, Dean E., additional, Blaum, Niels, additional, Blount, J. David, additional, Bockmühl, Dirk, additional, Pires Boulhosa, Ricardo Luiz, additional, Brown, Michael B., additional, Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar, additional, Cagnacci, Francesca, additional, Calabrese, Justin M., additional, Černe, Rok, additional, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, additional, Chan, Aung Nyein, additional, Chase, Michael J., additional, Chaval, Yannick, additional, Chenaux-Ibrahim, Yvette, additional, Cherry, Seth G., additional, Ćirović, Duško, additional, Çoban, Emrah, additional, Cole, Eric K., additional, Conlee, Laura, additional, Courtemanch, Alyson, additional, Cozzi, Gabriele, additional, Davidson, Sarah C., additional, DeBloois, Darren, additional, Dejid, Nandintsetseg, additional, DeNicola, Vickie, additional, Desbiez, Arnaud L. J., additional, Douglas-Hamilton, Iain, additional, Drake, David, additional, Egan, Michael, additional, Eikelboom, Jasper A.J., additional, Fagan, William F., additional, Farmer, Morgan J., additional, Fennessy, Julian, additional, Finnegan, Shannon P., additional, Fleming, Christen H., additional, Fournier, Bonnie, additional, Fowler, Nicholas L., additional, Gantchoff, Mariela G., additional, Garnier, Alexandre, additional, Gehr, Benedikt, additional, Geremia, Chris, additional, Goheen, Jacob R., additional, Hauptfleisch, Morgan L., additional, Hebblewhite, Mark, additional, Heim, Morten, additional, Hertel, Anne G., additional, Heurich, Marco, additional, Hewison, A. J. Mark, additional, Hodson, James, additional, Hoffman, Nicholas, additional, Hopcraft, J. Grant C., additional, Huber, Djuro, additional, Isaac, Edmund J., additional, Janik, Karolina, additional, Ježek, Miloš, additional, Johansson, Örjan, additional, Jordan, Neil R., additional, Kaczensky, Petra, additional, Kamaru, Douglas N., additional, Kauffman, Matthew J., additional, Kautz, Todd M., additional, Kays, Roland, additional, Kelly, Allicia P., additional, Kindberg, Jonas, additional, Krofel, Miha, additional, Kusak, Josip, additional, Lamb, Clayton T., additional, LaSharr, Tayler N., additional, Leimgruber, Peter, additional, Leitner, Horst, additional, Lierz, Michael, additional, Linnell, John D.C., additional, Lkhagvaja, Purevjav, additional, Long, Ryan A., additional, López-Bao, José Vicente, additional, Loretto, Matthias-Claudio, additional, Marchand, Pascal, additional, Martin, Hans, additional, Martinez, Lindsay A., additional, McBride, Roy T., additional, McLaren, Ashley A.D., additional, Meisingset, Erling, additional, Melzheimer, Joerg, additional, Merrill, Evelyn H., additional, Middleton, Arthur D., additional, Monteith, Kevin L., additional, Moore, Seth A., additional, Van Moorter, Bram, additional, Morellet, Nicolas, additional, Morrison, Thomas, additional, Müller, Rebekka, additional, Mysterud, Atle, additional, Noonan, Michael J, additional, O’Connor, David, additional, Olson, Daniel, additional, Olson, Kirk A., additional, Ortega, Anna C., additional, Ossi, Federico, additional, Panzacchi, Manuela, additional, Patchett, Robert, additional, Patterson, Brent R., additional, de Paula, Rogerio Cunha, additional, Payne, John, additional, Peters, Wibke, additional, Petroelje, Tyler R., additional, Pitcher, Benjamin J., additional, Pokorny, Boštjan, additional, Poole, Kim, additional, Potočnik, Hubert, additional, Poulin, Marie-Pier, additional, Pringle, Robert M., additional, Prins, Herbert H.T., additional, Ranc, Nathan, additional, Reljić, Slaven, additional, Robb, Benjamin, additional, Röder, Ralf, additional, Rolandsen, Christer M., additional, Rutz, Christian, additional, Salemgareyev, Albert R., additional, Samelius, Gustaf, additional, Sayine-Crawford, Heather, additional, Schooler, Sarah, additional, Şekercioğlu, Çağan H., additional, Selva, Nuria, additional, Semenzato, Paola, additional, Sergiel, Agnieszka, additional, Sharma, Koustubh, additional, Shawler, Avery L., additional, Signer, Johannes, additional, Silovský, Václav, additional, Silva, João Paulo, additional, Simon, Richard, additional, Smiley, Rachel A., additional, Smith, Douglas W., additional, Solberg, Erling J., additional, Ellis-Soto, Diego, additional, Spiegel, Orr, additional, Stabach, Jared, additional, Stacy-Dawes, Jenna, additional, Stahler, Daniel R., additional, Stephenson, John, additional, Stewart, Cheyenne, additional, Strand, Olav, additional, Sunde, Peter, additional, Svoboda, Nathan J., additional, Swart, Jonathan, additional, Thompson, Jeffrey J., additional, Toal, Katrina L., additional, Uiseb, Kenneth, additional, VanAcker, Meredith C., additional, Velilla, Marianela, additional, Verzuh, Tana L., additional, Wachter, Bettina, additional, Wagler, Brittany L., additional, Whittington, Jesse, additional, Wikelski, Martin, additional, Wilmers, Christopher C., additional, Wittemyer, George, additional, Young, Julie K., additional, Zięba, Filip, additional, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, additional, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., additional, and Mueller, Thomas, additional

Published
2023
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19. Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

Author

Tucker, Marlee A., Schipper, Aafke M., Adams, Tempe S. F., Attias, Nina, Avgar, Tal, Babic, Natarsha L., Barker, Kristin J., Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume, Behr, Dominik M., Belant, Jerrold L., Beyer, Dean E., Blaum, Niels, Blount, J. David, Bockmühl, Dirk, Pires Boulhosa, Ricardo Luiz, Brown, Michael B., Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar, Cagnacci, Francesca, Calabrese, Justin M., Černe, Rok, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Chan, Aung Nyein, Chase, Michael J., Chaval, Yannick, Chenaux-Ibrahim, Yvette, Cherry, Seth G., Ćirović, Duško, Çoban, Emrah, Cole, Eric K., Conlee, Laura, Courtemanch, Alyson, Cozzi, Gabriele, Davidson, Sarah C., DeBloois, Darren, Dejid, Nandintsetseg, DeNicola, Vickie, Desbiez, Arnaud L. J., Douglas-Hamilton, Iain, Drake, David, Egan, Michael, Eikelboom, Jasper A.J., Fagan, William F., Farmer, Morgan J., Fennessy, Julian, Finnegan, Shannon P., Fleming, Christen H., Fournier, Bonnie, Fowler, Nicholas L., Gantchoff, Mariela G., Garnier, Alexandre, Gehr, Benedikt, Geremia, Chris, Goheen, Jacob R., Hauptfleisch, Morgan L., Hebblewhite, Mark, Heim, Morten, Hertel, Anne G., Heurich, Marco, Hewison, A. J. Mark, Hodson, James, Hoffman, Nicholas, Hopcraft, J. Grant C., Huber, Djuro, Isaac, Edmund J., Janik, Karolina, Ježek, Miloš, Johansson, Örjan, Jordan, Neil R., Kaczensky, Petra, Kamaru, Douglas N., Kauffman, Matthew J., Kautz, Todd M., Kays, Roland, Kelly, Allicia P., Kindberg, Jonas, Krofel, Miha, Kusak, Josip, Lamb, Clayton T., LaSharr, Tayler N., Leimgruber, Peter, Leitner, Horst, Lierz, Michael, Linnell, John D.C., Lkhagvaja, Purevjav, Long, Ryan A., López-Bao, José Vicente, Loretto, Matthias-Claudio, Marchand, Pascal, Martin, Hans, Martinez, Lindsay A., McBride, Roy T., McLaren, Ashley A.D., Meisingset, Erling, Melzheimer, Joerg, Merrill, Evelyn H., Middleton, Arthur D., Monteith, Kevin L., Moore, Seth A., Van Moorter, Bram, Morellet, Nicolas, Morrison, Thomas, Müller, Rebekka, Mysterud, Atle, Noonan, Michael J, O’Connor, David, Olson, Daniel, Olson, Kirk A., Ortega, Anna C., Ossi, Federico, Panzacchi, Manuela, Patchett, Robert, Patterson, Brent R., de Paula, Rogerio Cunha, Payne, John, Peters, Wibke, Petroelje, Tyler R., Pitcher, Benjamin J., Pokorny, Boštjan, Poole, Kim, Potočnik, Hubert, Poulin, Marie-Pier, Pringle, Robert M., Prins, Herbert H.T., Ranc, Nathan, Reljić, Slaven, Robb, Benjamin, Röder, Ralf, Rolandsen, Christer M., Rutz, Christian, Salemgareyev, Albert R., Samelius, Gustaf, Sayine-Crawford, Heather, Schooler, Sarah, Şekercioğlu, Çağan H., Selva, Nuria, Semenzato, Paola, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Sharma, Koustubh, Shawler, Avery L., Signer, Johannes, Silovský, Václav, Silva, João Paulo, Simon, Richard, Smiley, Rachel A., Smith, Douglas W., Solberg, Erling J., Ellis-Soto, Diego, Spiegel, Orr, Stabach, Jared, Stacy-Dawes, Jenna, Stahler, Daniel R., Stephenson, John, Stewart, Cheyenne, Strand, Olav, Sunde, Peter, Svoboda, Nathan J., Swart, Jonathan, Thompson, Jeffrey J., Toal, Katrina L., Uiseb, Kenneth, VanAcker, Meredith C., Velilla, Marianela, Verzuh, Tana L., Wachter, Bettina, Wagler, Brittany L., Whittington, Jesse, Wikelski, Martin, Wilmers, Christopher C., Wittemyer, George, Young, Julie K., Zięba, Filip, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Mueller, Thomas, National Geographic Society, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, and University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution

Subjects
MCC, QL, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, DAS, QL Zoology, AC
Abstract

Funding: This article is a contribution of the COVID-19 Bio-Logging Initiative, which is funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF9881) and the National Geographic Society (NGS-82515R-20) (both grants to C.R.). COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’ 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide. Postprint

Published
2023

20. Mapping out a future for ungulate migrations : Limited mapping of migrations hampers conservation

Author

KAUFFMAN, MATTHEW J., CAGNACCI, FRANCESCA, CHAMAILLÉ-JAMMES, SIMON, HEBBLEWHITE, MARK J., HOPCRAFT, GRANT C., MERKLE, JEROD A., MUELLER, THOMAS, MYSTERUD, ATLE, PETERS, WIBKE, ROETTGER, CHRISTIANE, STEINGISSER, ALETHEA, MEACHAM, JAMES E., ABERA, KASAHUN, ADAMCZEWSKI, JAN, AIKENS, ELLEN O., BARTLAM-BROOKS, HATTIE, BENNITT, EMILY, BERGER, JOEL, BOYD, CHARLOTTE, CÔTÉ, STEEVE D., DEBEFFE, LUCIE, DEKROUT, ANDREA S., DEJID, NANDINTSETSEG, DONADIO, EMILIANO, DZIBA, LUTHANDO, FAGAN, WILLIAM F., FISCHER, CLAUDE, FOCARDI, STEFANO, FRYXELL, JOHN M., FYNN, RICHARD W. S., GEREMIA, CHRIS, GONZÁLEZ, BENITO A., GUNN, ANNE, GURARIE, ELIE, HEURICH, MARCO, HILTY, JODI, HURLEY, MARK, JOHNSON, ARAN, JOLY, KYLE, KACZENSKY, PETRA, KENDALL, CORINNE J., KOCHKAREV, PAVEL, KOLPASCHIKOV, LEONID, KOWALCZYK, RAFAŁ, LANGEVELDE, FRANK VAN, LI, BINBIN V., LOBORA, ALEX L., LOISON, ANNE, MADIRI, TINAAPI H., MALLON, DAVID, MARCHAND, PASCAL, MEDELLIN, RODRIGO A., MEISINGSET, ERLING, MERRILL, EVELYN, MIDDLETON, ARTHUR D., MONTEITH, KEVIN L., MORJAN, MALIK, MORRISON, THOMAS A., MUMME, STEFFEN, NAIDOO, ROBIN, NOVARO, ANDRES, OGUTU, JOSEPH O., OLSON, KIRK A., OTENG-YEBOAH, ALFRED, OVEJERO, RAMIRO J. A., OWEN-SMITH, NORMAN, PAASIVAARA, ANTTI, PACKER, CRAIG, PANCHENKO, DANILA, PEDROTTI, LUCA, PLUMPTRE, ANDREW J., ROLANDSEN, CHRISTER M., SAID, SONIA, SALEMGAREYEV, ALBERT, SAVCHENKO, ALEKSANDR, SAVCHENKO, PIOTR, SAWYER, HALL, SELEBATSO, MOSES, SKROCH, MATTHEW, SOLBERG, ERLING, STABACH, JARED A., STRAND, OLAV, SUITOR, MICHAEL J., TACHIKI, YASUYUKI, TRAINOR, ANNE, TSHIPA, ARNOLD, VIRANI, MUNIR Z., VYNNE, CARLY, WARD, STEPHANIE, WITTEMYER, GEORGE, XU, WENJING, ZUTHER, STEFFEN, KAUFFMAN, MATTHEW J., CAGNACCI, FRANCESCA, CHAMAILLÉ-JAMMES, SIMON, HEBBLEWHITE, MARK J., HOPCRAFT, GRANT C., MERKLE, JEROD A., MUELLER, THOMAS, MYSTERUD, ATLE, PETERS, WIBKE, ROETTGER, CHRISTIANE, STEINGISSER, ALETHEA, MEACHAM, JAMES E., ABERA, KASAHUN, ADAMCZEWSKI, JAN, AIKENS, ELLEN O., BARTLAM-BROOKS, HATTIE, BENNITT, EMILY, BERGER, JOEL, BOYD, CHARLOTTE, CÔTÉ, STEEVE D., DEBEFFE, LUCIE, DEKROUT, ANDREA S., DEJID, NANDINTSETSEG, DONADIO, EMILIANO, DZIBA, LUTHANDO, FAGAN, WILLIAM F., FISCHER, CLAUDE, FOCARDI, STEFANO, FRYXELL, JOHN M., FYNN, RICHARD W. S., GEREMIA, CHRIS, GONZÁLEZ, BENITO A., GUNN, ANNE, GURARIE, ELIE, HEURICH, MARCO, HILTY, JODI, HURLEY, MARK, JOHNSON, ARAN, JOLY, KYLE, KACZENSKY, PETRA, KENDALL, CORINNE J., KOCHKAREV, PAVEL, KOLPASCHIKOV, LEONID, KOWALCZYK, RAFAŁ, LANGEVELDE, FRANK VAN, LI, BINBIN V., LOBORA, ALEX L., LOISON, ANNE, MADIRI, TINAAPI H., MALLON, DAVID, MARCHAND, PASCAL, MEDELLIN, RODRIGO A., MEISINGSET, ERLING, MERRILL, EVELYN, MIDDLETON, ARTHUR D., MONTEITH, KEVIN L., MORJAN, MALIK, MORRISON, THOMAS A., MUMME, STEFFEN, NAIDOO, ROBIN, NOVARO, ANDRES, OGUTU, JOSEPH O., OLSON, KIRK A., OTENG-YEBOAH, ALFRED, OVEJERO, RAMIRO J. A., OWEN-SMITH, NORMAN, PAASIVAARA, ANTTI, PACKER, CRAIG, PANCHENKO, DANILA, PEDROTTI, LUCA, PLUMPTRE, ANDREW J., ROLANDSEN, CHRISTER M., SAID, SONIA, SALEMGAREYEV, ALBERT, SAVCHENKO, ALEKSANDR, SAVCHENKO, PIOTR, SAWYER, HALL, SELEBATSO, MOSES, SKROCH, MATTHEW, SOLBERG, ERLING, STABACH, JARED A., STRAND, OLAV, SUITOR, MICHAEL J., TACHIKI, YASUYUKI, TRAINOR, ANNE, TSHIPA, ARNOLD, VIRANI, MUNIR Z., VYNNE, CARLY, WARD, STEPHANIE, WITTEMYER, GEORGE, XU, WENJING, and ZUTHER, STEFFEN

Abstract

type:Article

Published
2023

21. Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

Author

Tucker, Marlee, Schipper, Aafke, Adams, Tempe, Attias, Nina, Avgar, Tal, Babic, Natarsha, Barker, Kristin, Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume, Behr, Domink, Belant, Jerrold, Beyer, Dean, Blaum, Niels, Blount, J.D., Bockmühl, Dirk, Luiz Pires Boulhosa, Ricardo, Brown, Michael, Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar, Cagnacci, Francesca, Calabrese, Justin, Černe, Rok, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Nyein Chan, Aung, Chase, Michael, Chaval, Yannick, Chenaux-Ibrahim, Yvette, Cherry, Seth, Ćirović, Duško, Çoban, Emrah, Cole, Eric, Conlee, Laura, Courtemanch, Alyson, Cozzi, Gabriele, Davidson, Sarah, DeBloois, Darren, Dejid, Nandinsetseg, DeNicola, Vickie, Desbiez, Arnaud, Douglas-Hamilton, Iain, Drake, David, Egan, Michael, Eikelboom, Jasper, Fagen, William, Farmer, Morgan, Fennessy, Julian, Finnegan, Shannon, Fleming, Christen, Fournier, Bonnie, Fowler, Nicholas, Gantchoff, Mariela, Garnier, Alexandre, Gehr, Benedikt, Geremia, Chris, Goheen, Jacob, Hauptfleisch, Morgan, Hebblewhite, Mark, Heim, Morten, Hertel, Anne, Heurich, Marco, Hewison, Mark, Hodson, James, Hoffman, Nicholas, Hopcraft, Grant, Huber, Djuro, Isaac, Edmund, Janik, Karolina, Ježek, Miloš, Johansson, Örjan, Jordan, Neil, Kaczensky, Petra, Kamaru, Douglas, Kauffman, Matthew, Kautz, Todd, Kays, Roland, Kelly, Allicia, Kindberg, Jonas, Krofel, Miha, Kusak, Josip, Lamb, Clayton, LaSharr, Tayler, Leimgruber, Peter, Leitner, Horst, Lierz, Michael, Linnell, John, Lkhagvaja, Purevjav, Long, Ryan, López-Bao, José Vicente, Loretto, Matthias-Claudio, Marchand, Pascal, Martin, Hans, Martinez, Lindsey, McBride Jr, Roy, McLaren, Ashley, Meisingset, Erling, Melzheimer, Joerg, Merrill, Evelyn, Middleton, Arthur, Monteith, Kevin, Moore, Seth, Van Moorter, Bram, Morellet, Nicolas, Morrison, Thomas, Müller, Rebekka, Mysterud, Atle, Noonan, Michael, O'Connor, David, Olson, Daniel, Olson, Kirk, Ortega, Anne, Ossi, Federico, Panzacchi, Manuela, Pratchett, Robert, Patterson, Brent, Cunha De Paula, Rogerio, Payne, John, Peters, Wibke, Petroelje, Tyler, Pitcher, Benjamin, Pokorny, Boštjan, Poole, Kim, Potočnik, Hubert, Poulin, Marie-Pier, Pringle, Robert, Prins, Herbert, Ranc, Nathan, Reljić, Slaven, Robb, Benjamin, Röder, Ralf, Rolandsen, Christer, Rutz, Christian, Salemgareyev, Albert, Samelius, Gustaf, Sayine-Crawford, Heather, Schooler, Sarah, Şekercioğlu, Çağan, Selva, Nuria, Samenzato, Paola, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Sharma, Koustubh, Shawler, Avery, Signer, Johannes, Silovský, Václav, Silva, João Paulo, Simon, Richard, Smiley, Rachel, Smith, Douglas, Solberg, Erling, Ellis-Soto, Diego, Spiegel, Orr, Stabach, Jared, Stacy-Dawes, Jenna, Stahler, Daniel, Stephenson, John, Stewart, Cheyenne, Strand, Olav, Sunde, Peter, Svoboda, Nathan, Swart, Jonathan, Thompson, Jeffrey, Toal, Katrina, Uiseb, Kenneth, VanAcker, Meredith, Velilla, Marianela, Verzuh, Tana, Wachter, Bettina, Whittington, Jesse, Wikelski, Martin, Wilmers, Christopher, Wittemyer, George, Young, Julie, Zięba, Filip, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, Huijbregts, Mark, Mueller, Thomas, Tucker, Marlee, Schipper, Aafke, Adams, Tempe, Attias, Nina, Avgar, Tal, Babic, Natarsha, Barker, Kristin, Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume, Behr, Domink, Belant, Jerrold, Beyer, Dean, Blaum, Niels, Blount, J.D., Bockmühl, Dirk, Luiz Pires Boulhosa, Ricardo, Brown, Michael, Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar, Cagnacci, Francesca, Calabrese, Justin, Černe, Rok, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Nyein Chan, Aung, Chase, Michael, Chaval, Yannick, Chenaux-Ibrahim, Yvette, Cherry, Seth, Ćirović, Duško, Çoban, Emrah, Cole, Eric, Conlee, Laura, Courtemanch, Alyson, Cozzi, Gabriele, Davidson, Sarah, DeBloois, Darren, Dejid, Nandinsetseg, DeNicola, Vickie, Desbiez, Arnaud, Douglas-Hamilton, Iain, Drake, David, Egan, Michael, Eikelboom, Jasper, Fagen, William, Farmer, Morgan, Fennessy, Julian, Finnegan, Shannon, Fleming, Christen, Fournier, Bonnie, Fowler, Nicholas, Gantchoff, Mariela, Garnier, Alexandre, Gehr, Benedikt, Geremia, Chris, Goheen, Jacob, Hauptfleisch, Morgan, Hebblewhite, Mark, Heim, Morten, Hertel, Anne, Heurich, Marco, Hewison, Mark, Hodson, James, Hoffman, Nicholas, Hopcraft, Grant, Huber, Djuro, Isaac, Edmund, Janik, Karolina, Ježek, Miloš, Johansson, Örjan, Jordan, Neil, Kaczensky, Petra, Kamaru, Douglas, Kauffman, Matthew, Kautz, Todd, Kays, Roland, Kelly, Allicia, Kindberg, Jonas, Krofel, Miha, Kusak, Josip, Lamb, Clayton, LaSharr, Tayler, Leimgruber, Peter, Leitner, Horst, Lierz, Michael, Linnell, John, Lkhagvaja, Purevjav, Long, Ryan, López-Bao, José Vicente, Loretto, Matthias-Claudio, Marchand, Pascal, Martin, Hans, Martinez, Lindsey, McBride Jr, Roy, McLaren, Ashley, Meisingset, Erling, Melzheimer, Joerg, Merrill, Evelyn, Middleton, Arthur, Monteith, Kevin, Moore, Seth, Van Moorter, Bram, Morellet, Nicolas, Morrison, Thomas, Müller, Rebekka, Mysterud, Atle, Noonan, Michael, O'Connor, David, Olson, Daniel, Olson, Kirk, Ortega, Anne, Ossi, Federico, Panzacchi, Manuela, Pratchett, Robert, Patterson, Brent, Cunha De Paula, Rogerio, Payne, John, Peters, Wibke, Petroelje, Tyler, Pitcher, Benjamin, Pokorny, Boštjan, Poole, Kim, Potočnik, Hubert, Poulin, Marie-Pier, Pringle, Robert, Prins, Herbert, Ranc, Nathan, Reljić, Slaven, Robb, Benjamin, Röder, Ralf, Rolandsen, Christer, Rutz, Christian, Salemgareyev, Albert, Samelius, Gustaf, Sayine-Crawford, Heather, Schooler, Sarah, Şekercioğlu, Çağan, Selva, Nuria, Samenzato, Paola, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Sharma, Koustubh, Shawler, Avery, Signer, Johannes, Silovský, Václav, Silva, João Paulo, Simon, Richard, Smiley, Rachel, Smith, Douglas, Solberg, Erling, Ellis-Soto, Diego, Spiegel, Orr, Stabach, Jared, Stacy-Dawes, Jenna, Stahler, Daniel, Stephenson, John, Stewart, Cheyenne, Strand, Olav, Sunde, Peter, Svoboda, Nathan, Swart, Jonathan, Thompson, Jeffrey, Toal, Katrina, Uiseb, Kenneth, VanAcker, Meredith, Velilla, Marianela, Verzuh, Tana, Wachter, Bettina, Whittington, Jesse, Wikelski, Martin, Wilmers, Christopher, Wittemyer, George, Young, Julie, Zięba, Filip, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, Huijbregts, Mark, and Mueller, Thomas

Abstract

COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable, with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns, 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals' 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12%, and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.

Published
2023

22. Wherever I may roam—Human activity alters movements of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and elk (Cervus canadensis) across two continents

Author

Mumme, Steffen, Middleton, Arthur D., Ciucci, Paolo, De Groeve, Johannes, Corradini, Andrea, Aikens, Ellen O., Ossi, Federico, Atwood, Paul, Balkenhol, Niko, Cole, Eric K., Debeffe, Lucie, Dewey, Sarah R., Fischer, Claude, Gude, Justin, Heurich, Marco, Hurley, Mark A., Jarnemo, Anders, Kauffman, Matthew J., Licoppe, Alain, van Loon, Emiel, McWhirter, Doug, Mong, Tony W., Pedrotti, Luca, Morellet, Nicolas, Mysterud, Atle, Peters, Wibke, Proffitt, Kelly, Saïd, Sonia, Signer, Johannes, Sunde, Peter, Starý, Martin, Cagnacci, Francesca, Mumme, Steffen, Middleton, Arthur D., Ciucci, Paolo, De Groeve, Johannes, Corradini, Andrea, Aikens, Ellen O., Ossi, Federico, Atwood, Paul, Balkenhol, Niko, Cole, Eric K., Debeffe, Lucie, Dewey, Sarah R., Fischer, Claude, Gude, Justin, Heurich, Marco, Hurley, Mark A., Jarnemo, Anders, Kauffman, Matthew J., Licoppe, Alain, van Loon, Emiel, McWhirter, Doug, Mong, Tony W., Pedrotti, Luca, Morellet, Nicolas, Mysterud, Atle, Peters, Wibke, Proffitt, Kelly, Saïd, Sonia, Signer, Johannes, Sunde, Peter, Starý, Martin, and Cagnacci, Francesca

Abstract

Human activity and associated landscape modifications alter the movements of animals with consequences for populations and ecosystems worldwide. Species performing long-distance movements are thought to be particularly sensitive to human impact. Despite the increasing anthropogenic pressure, it remains challenging to understand and predict animals' responses to human activity. Here we address this knowledge gap using 1206 Global Positioning System movement trajectories of 815 individuals from 14 red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 14 elk (Cervus canadensis) populations spanning wide environmental gradients, namely the latitudinal range from the Alps to Scandinavia in Europe, and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in North America. We measured individual-level movements relative to the environmental context, or movement expression, using the standardized metric Intensity of Use, reflecting both the directionality and extent of movements. We expected movement expression to be affected by resource (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) predictability and topography, but those factors to be superseded by human impact. Red deer and elk movement expression varied along a continuum, from highly segmented trajectories over relatively small areas (high intensity of use), to directed transitions through restricted corridors (low intensity of use). Human activity (Human Footprint Index, HFI) was the strongest driver of movement expression, with a steep increase in Intensity of Use as HFI increased, but only until a threshold was reached. After exceeding this level of impact, the Intensity of Use remained unchanged. These results indicate the overall sensitivity of Cervus movement expression to human activity and suggest a limitation of plastic responses under high human pressure, despite the species also occurring in human-dominated landscapes. Our work represents the first comparison of metric-based movement expression across widely distributed populations of a deer genus, c, Funding: Ågerups & Elsagårdens Säteri AB; Assmåsa Gods AB; Carl Piper; Danish Forest and Nature Agency, Grant/Award Number: Wildlife & Landscape Research Package-project 2B; Ersaf Lombardia and Trento; Fondazione Edmund Mach; Grand Teton Association; Halmstad University; Högestad & Christinehofs Förvaltnings AB; Holmen Skog AB; International Research School of Applied Ecology; Ittur AB; Karl-Erik Önnesjös Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig forskning och Utveckling; Kolmårdens insamlingsstiftelse/Täby Allmänning; Marie-Claire Cronstedts Stiftelse; Office Français de la Biodiversité; Public Service of Wallonia; Region Skåne / Stiftelsen Skånska Landskap; Stelvio National Park; Stiftelsen Oscar och Lili Lamms Minne; Sveaskog; Swedish Association for Hunting and Wildlife Management, Grant/Award Number: 5871/2005; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Grant/Award Number: 802-0092-11; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Universita degli Studi di Trento; University of California Berkeley; Vectronic Aerospace GmbH; Virå Bruk AB

Published
2023
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25. Challenges and science-based implications for modern management and conservation of European ungulate populations

Author

Apollonio, Marco, Belkin, Vladimir V., Borkowski, Jakub, Borodin, Oleg I., Borowik, Tomasz, Cagnacci, Francesca, Danilkin, Aleksey A., Danilov, Peter I., Faybich, Andrey, Ferretti, Francesco, Gaillard, Jean Michel, Hayward, Matt, Heshtaut, Pavel, Heurich, Marco, Hurynovich, Aliaxandr, Kashtalyan, Alexander, Kerley, Graham I. H., Kjellander, Petter, Kowalczyk, Rafał, Kozorez, Alexander, Matveytchuk, Sergey, Milner, Jos M., Mysterud, Atle, Ozoliņš, Jānis, Panchenko, Danila V., Peters, Wibke, Podgórski, Tomasz, Pokorny, Boštjan, Rolandsen, Christer Moe, Ruusila, Vesa, Schmidt, Krzysztof, Sipko, Taras P., Veeroja, Rauno, Velihurau, Pavel, and Yanuta, Gregoriy

Published
2017
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26. Spatial variation in red deer density in relation to forest disturbance and ungulate management in a transboundary forest ecosystem

Author

Tourani, Mahdieh, primary, Franke, Frederik, additional, Heurich, Marco, additional, Henrich, Maik, additional, Peterka, Tomáš, additional, Ebert, Cornelia, additional, Oeser, Julian, additional, Edelhoff, Hendrik, additional, Milleret, Cyril, additional, Dupont, Pierre, additional, Bischof, Richard, additional, and Peters, Wibke, additional

Published
2022
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29. Modelling the Relative Abundance of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) along a Climate and Land-Use Gradient

Author

Benjamin, Caryl S., primary, Uphus, Lars, additional, Lüpke, Marvin, additional, Rojas-Botero, Sandra, additional, Dhillon, Maninder Singh, additional, Englmeier, Jana, additional, Fricke, Ute, additional, Ganuza, Cristina, additional, Haensel, Maria, additional, Redlich, Sarah, additional, Riebl, Rebekka, additional, Tobisch, Cynthia, additional, Uhler, Johannes, additional, Zhang, Jie, additional, Menzel, Annette, additional, and Peters, Wibke, additional

Published
2022
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30. Disentangling effects of climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services—A multi‐scale experimental design

Author

Redlich, Sarah, primary, Zhang, Jie, additional, Benjamin, Caryl, additional, Dhillon, Maninder Singh, additional, Englmeier, Jana, additional, Ewald, Jörg, additional, Fricke, Ute, additional, Ganuza, Cristina, additional, Haensel, Maria, additional, Hovestadt, Thomas, additional, Kollmann, Johannes, additional, Koellner, Thomas, additional, Kübert‐Flock, Carina, additional, Kunstmann, Harald, additional, Menzel, Annette, additional, Moning, Christoph, additional, Peters, Wibke, additional, Riebl, Rebekka, additional, Rummler, Thomas, additional, Rojas‐Botero, Sandra, additional, Tobisch, Cynthia, additional, Uhler, Johannes, additional, Uphus, Lars, additional, Müller, Jörg, additional, and Steffan‐Dewenter, Ingolf, additional

Published
2021
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31. Wave-like Patterns of Plant Phenology Determine Ungulate Movement Tactics

Author

Aikens, Ellen O., Mysterud, Atle, Merkle, Jerod A., Cagnacci, Francesca, Rivrud, Inger Maren, Hebblewhite, Mark, Hurley, Mark A., Peters, Wibke, Bergen, Scott, De Groeve, Johannes, Dwinnell, Samantha P.H., Gehr, Benedikt, Heurich, Marco, Hewison, A.J. Mark, Jarnemo, Anders, Kjellander, Petter, Kröschel, Max, Licoppe, Alain, Linnell, John D.C., Merrill, Evelyn H., Middleton, Arthur D., Morellet, Nicolas, Neufeld, Lalenia, Ortega, Anna C., Parker, Katherine L., Pedrotti, Luca, Proffitt, Kelly M., Saïd, Sonia, Sawyer, Hall, Scurlock, Brandon M., Signer, Johannes, Stent, Patrick, Šustr, Pavel, Szkorupa, Tara, Monteith, Kevin L., and Kauffman, Matthew J.

Published
2020
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34. Mapping out a future for ungulate migrations

Author

Kauffman, Matthew J., primary, Cagnacci, Francesca, additional, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, additional, Hebblewhite, Mark, additional, Hopcraft, J. Grant C., additional, Merkle, Jerod A., additional, Mueller, Thomas, additional, Mysterud, Atle, additional, Peters, Wibke, additional, Roettger, Christiane, additional, Steingisser, Alethea, additional, Meacham, James E., additional, Abera, Kasahun, additional, Adamczewski, Jan, additional, Aikens, Ellen O., additional, Bartlam-Brooks, Hattie, additional, Bennitt, Emily, additional, Berger, Joel, additional, Boyd, Charlotte, additional, Côté, Steeve D., additional, Debeffe, Lucie, additional, Dekrout, Andrea S., additional, Dejid, Nandintsetseg, additional, Donadio, Emiliano, additional, Dziba, Luthando, additional, Fagan, William F., additional, Fischer, Claude, additional, Focardi, Stefano, additional, Fryxell, John M., additional, Fynn, Richard W. S., additional, Geremia, Chris, additional, González, Benito A., additional, Gunn, Anne, additional, Gurarie, Elie, additional, Heurich, Marco, additional, Hilty, Jodi, additional, Hurley, Mark, additional, Johnson, Aran, additional, Joly, Kyle, additional, Kaczensky, Petra, additional, Kendall, Corinne J., additional, Kochkarev, Pavel, additional, Kolpaschikov, Leonid, additional, Kowalczyk, Rafał, additional, van Langevelde, Frank, additional, Li, Binbin V., additional, Lobora, Alex L., additional, Loison, Anne, additional, Madiri, Tinaapi H., additional, Mallon, David, additional, Marchand, Pascal, additional, Medellin, Rodrigo A., additional, Meisingset, Erling, additional, Merrill, Evelyn, additional, Middleton, Arthur D., additional, Monteith, Kevin L., additional, Morjan, Malik, additional, Morrison, Thomas A., additional, Mumme, Steffen, additional, Naidoo, Robin, additional, Novaro, Andres, additional, Ogutu, Joseph O., additional, Olson, Kirk A., additional, Oteng-Yeboah, Alfred, additional, Ovejero, Ramiro J. A., additional, Owen-Smith, Norman, additional, Paasivaara, Antti, additional, Packer, Craig, additional, Panchenko, Danila, additional, Pedrotti, Luca, additional, Plumptre, Andrew J., additional, Rolandsen, Christer M., additional, Said, Sonia, additional, Salemgareyev, Albert, additional, Savchenko, Aleksandr, additional, Savchenko, Piotr, additional, Sawyer, Hall, additional, Selebatso, Moses, additional, Skroch, Matthew, additional, Solberg, Erling, additional, Stabach, Jared A., additional, Strand, Olav, additional, Suitor, Michael J., additional, Tachiki, Yasuyuki, additional, Trainor, Anne, additional, Tshipa, Arnold, additional, Virani, Munir Z., additional, Vynne, Carly, additional, Ward, Stephanie, additional, Wittemyer, George, additional, Xu, Wenjing, additional, and Zuther, Steffen, additional

Published
2021
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35. Mapping out a future for ungulate migrations : Limited mapping of migrations hampers conservation

Author

KAUFFMAN, MATTHEW J., CAGNACCI, FRANCESCA, CHAMAILLÉ-JAMMES, SIMON, HEBBLEWHITE, MARK J., HOPCRAFT, GRANT C., MERKLE, JEROD A., MUELLER, THOMAS, MYSTERUD, ATLE, PETERS, WIBKE, ROETTGER, CHRISTIANE, STEINGISSER, ALETHEA, MEACHAM, JAMES E., ABERA, KASAHUN, ADAMCZEWSKI, JAN, AIKENS, ELLEN O., BARTLAM-BROOKS, HATTIE, BENNITT, EMILY, BERGER, JOEL, BOYD, CHARLOTTE, CÔTÉ, STEEVE D., DEBEFFE, LUCIE, DEKROUT, ANDREA S., DEJID, NANDINTSETSEG, DONADIO, EMILIANO, DZIBA, LUTHANDO, FAGAN, WILLIAM F., FISCHER, CLAUDE, FOCARDI, STEFANO, FRYXELL, JOHN M., FYNN, RICHARD W. S., GEREMIA, CHRIS, GONZÁLEZ, BENITO A., GUNN, ANNE, GURARIE, ELIE, HEURICH, MARCO, HILTY, JODI, HURLEY, MARK, JOHNSON, ARAN, JOLY, KYLE, KACZENSKY, PETRA, KENDALL, CORINNE J., KOCHKAREV, PAVEL, KOLPASCHIKOV, LEONID, KOWALCZYK, RAFAŁ, LANGEVELDE, FRANK VAN, LI, BINBIN V., LOBORA, ALEX L., LOISON, ANNE, MADIRI, TINAAPI H., MALLON, DAVID, MARCHAND, PASCAL, MEDELLIN, RODRIGO A., MEISINGSET, ERLING, MERRILL, EVELYN, MIDDLETON, ARTHUR D., MONTEITH, KEVIN L., MORJAN, MALIK, MORRISON, THOMAS A., MUMME, STEFFEN, NAIDOO, ROBIN, NOVARO, ANDRES, OGUTU, JOSEPH O., OLSON, KIRK A., OTENG-YEBOAH, ALFRED, OVEJERO, RAMIRO J. A., OWEN-SMITH, NORMAN, PAASIVAARA, ANTTI, PACKER, CRAIG, PANCHENKO, DANILA, PEDROTTI, LUCA, PLUMPTRE, ANDREW J., ROLANDSEN, CHRISTER M., SAID, SONIA, SALEMGAREYEV, ALBERT, SAVCHENKO, ALEKSANDR, SAVCHENKO, PIOTR, SAWYER, HALL, SELEBATSO, MOSES, SKROCH, MATTHEW, SOLBERG, ERLING, STABACH, JARED A., STRAND, OLAV, SUITOR, MICHAEL J., TACHIKI, YASUYUKI, TRAINOR, ANNE, TSHIPA, ARNOLD, VIRANI, MUNIR Z., VYNNE, CARLY, WARD, STEPHANIE, WITTEMYER, GEORGE, XU, WENJING, ZUTHER, STEFFEN, KAUFFMAN, MATTHEW J., CAGNACCI, FRANCESCA, CHAMAILLÉ-JAMMES, SIMON, HEBBLEWHITE, MARK J., HOPCRAFT, GRANT C., MERKLE, JEROD A., MUELLER, THOMAS, MYSTERUD, ATLE, PETERS, WIBKE, ROETTGER, CHRISTIANE, STEINGISSER, ALETHEA, MEACHAM, JAMES E., ABERA, KASAHUN, ADAMCZEWSKI, JAN, AIKENS, ELLEN O., BARTLAM-BROOKS, HATTIE, BENNITT, EMILY, BERGER, JOEL, BOYD, CHARLOTTE, CÔTÉ, STEEVE D., DEBEFFE, LUCIE, DEKROUT, ANDREA S., DEJID, NANDINTSETSEG, DONADIO, EMILIANO, DZIBA, LUTHANDO, FAGAN, WILLIAM F., FISCHER, CLAUDE, FOCARDI, STEFANO, FRYXELL, JOHN M., FYNN, RICHARD W. S., GEREMIA, CHRIS, GONZÁLEZ, BENITO A., GUNN, ANNE, GURARIE, ELIE, HEURICH, MARCO, HILTY, JODI, HURLEY, MARK, JOHNSON, ARAN, JOLY, KYLE, KACZENSKY, PETRA, KENDALL, CORINNE J., KOCHKAREV, PAVEL, KOLPASCHIKOV, LEONID, KOWALCZYK, RAFAŁ, LANGEVELDE, FRANK VAN, LI, BINBIN V., LOBORA, ALEX L., LOISON, ANNE, MADIRI, TINAAPI H., MALLON, DAVID, MARCHAND, PASCAL, MEDELLIN, RODRIGO A., MEISINGSET, ERLING, MERRILL, EVELYN, MIDDLETON, ARTHUR D., MONTEITH, KEVIN L., MORJAN, MALIK, MORRISON, THOMAS A., MUMME, STEFFEN, NAIDOO, ROBIN, NOVARO, ANDRES, OGUTU, JOSEPH O., OLSON, KIRK A., OTENG-YEBOAH, ALFRED, OVEJERO, RAMIRO J. A., OWEN-SMITH, NORMAN, PAASIVAARA, ANTTI, PACKER, CRAIG, PANCHENKO, DANILA, PEDROTTI, LUCA, PLUMPTRE, ANDREW J., ROLANDSEN, CHRISTER M., SAID, SONIA, SALEMGAREYEV, ALBERT, SAVCHENKO, ALEKSANDR, SAVCHENKO, PIOTR, SAWYER, HALL, SELEBATSO, MOSES, SKROCH, MATTHEW, SOLBERG, ERLING, STABACH, JARED A., STRAND, OLAV, SUITOR, MICHAEL J., TACHIKI, YASUYUKI, TRAINOR, ANNE, TSHIPA, ARNOLD, VIRANI, MUNIR Z., VYNNE, CARLY, WARD, STEPHANIE, WITTEMYER, GEORGE, XU, WENJING, and ZUTHER, STEFFEN

Abstract

Article

Published
2021

38. Large herbivore migration plasticity along environmental gradients in Europe: life-history traits modulate forage effects

Author

Peters, Wibke, Hebblewhite, Mark, Mysterud, Atle, et al, Gehr, Benedikt, University of Zurich, and Peters, Wibke

Subjects
10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, Behavior and Systematics, Evolution, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology)
Published
2018
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39. Disentangling effects of climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services—A multi‐scale experimental design.

Author

Redlich, Sarah, Zhang, Jie, Benjamin, Caryl, Dhillon, Maninder Singh, Englmeier, Jana, Ewald, Jörg, Fricke, Ute, Ganuza, Cristina, Haensel, Maria, Hovestadt, Thomas, Kollmann, Johannes, Koellner, Thomas, Kübert‐Flock, Carina, Kunstmann, Harald, Menzel, Annette, Moning, Christoph, Peters, Wibke, Riebl, Rebekka, Rummler, Thomas, and Rojas‐Botero, Sandra

Subjects
LAND use, URBAN agriculture, ECOSYSTEMS, ECOSYSTEM services, EXPERIMENTAL design, BIODIVERSITY, GEOGRAPHIC information systems
Abstract

Climate and land‐use change are key drivers of environmental degradation in the Anthropocene, but too little is known about their interactive effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Long‐term data on biodiversity trends are currently lacking. Furthermore, previous ecological studies have rarely considered climate and land use in a joint design, did not achieve variable independence or lost statistical power by not covering the full range of environmental gradients.Here, we introduce a multi‐scale space‐for‐time study design to disentangle effects of climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The site selection approach coupled extensive GIS‐based exploration (i.e. using a Geographic information system) and correlation heatmaps with a crossed and nested design covering regional, landscape and local scales. Its implementation in Bavaria (Germany) resulted in a set of study plots that maximise the potential range and independence of environmental variables at different spatial scales.Stratifying the state of Bavaria into five climate zones (reference period 1981–2010) and three prevailing land‐use types, that is, near‐natural, agriculture and urban, resulted in 60 study regions (5.8 × 5.8 km quadrants) covering a mean annual temperature gradient of 5.6–9.8°C and a spatial extent of ~310 × 310 km. Within these regions, we nested 180 study plots located in contrasting local land‐use types, that is, forests, grasslands, arable land or settlement (local climate gradient 4.5–10°C). This approach achieved low correlations between climate and land use (proportional cover) at the regional and landscape scale with |r ≤ 0.33| and |r ≤ 0.29| respectively. Furthermore, using correlation heatmaps for local plot selection reduced potentially confounding relationships between landscape composition and configuration for plots located in forests, arable land and settlements.The suggested design expands upon previous research in covering a significant range of environmental gradients and including a diversity of dominant land‐use types at different scales within different climatic contexts. It allows independent assessment of the relative contribution of multi‐scale climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Understanding potential interdependencies among global change drivers is essential to develop effective restoration and mitigation strategies against biodiversity decline, especially in expectation of future climatic changes. Importantly, this study also provides a baseline for long‐term ecological monitoring programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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41. Future perspectives for the monitoring of red deer populations – a case study of a transboundary population in the Bohemian Forest ecosystem.

Author

Henrich, Maik, Franke, Frederik, Peterka, Tomáš, Bödeker, Kai, Červenka, Jaroslav, Ebert, Cornelia, Franke, Ulrich, Zenáhlíková, Jitka, Starý, Martin, Peters, Wibke, and Heurich, Marco

Subjects
RED deer, DEER populations, FOREST monitoring, ANIMAL wintering, ECOSYSTEMS, FOREST biodiversity, WEATHER, AERIAL surveys
Abstract

Red deer is an important game species in Europe and of interest to ecotourism. However, as a major ecosystem engineer, red deer not only have positive effects on biodiversity, but also cause economic damage to managed forests and agriculture. Data obtained from effective and precise monitoring of red deer populations are therefore needed to provide a baseline for the establishment of adaptive management strategies that consider the interests of the different stakeholders. To date, counts of animals at winter feeding sites have been frequently used as an index of abundance. Because the proportion of red deer overwintering at feeding sites may correlate with winter severity, this method strongly depends on weather conditions and may not be suitable under conditions of a changing climate. Here, we present three alternative field methods to estimate deer population densities, which we tested in the Bohemian Forest: faeces genotyping, camera trapping and aerial surveys. The spatial use and the individual behaviours of the deer can be taken into account by the further addition of GPS telemetry. Our discussion of the study design, preliminary findings and future perspectives includes a consideration of the relationship between red deer distribution and both browsing survey results and hunting bags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

42. Large herbivore migration plasticity along environmental gradients in Europe: life-history traits modulate forage effects

Author

Peters, Wibke, primary, Hebblewhite, Mark, additional, Mysterud, Atle, additional, Eacker, Daniel, additional, Hewison, A. J. Mark, additional, Linnell, John D. C., additional, Focardi, Stefano, additional, Urbano, Ferdinando, additional, De Groeve, Johannes, additional, Gehr, Benedikt, additional, Heurich, Marco, additional, Jarnemo, Anders, additional, Kjellander, Petter, additional, Kröschel, Max, additional, Morellet, Nicolas, additional, Pedrotti, Luca, additional, Reinecke, Horst, additional, Sandfort, Robin, additional, Sönnichsen, Leif, additional, Sunde, Peter, additional, and Cagnacci, Francesca, additional

Published
2018
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44. Large herbivore migration plasticity along environmental gradients in Europe: life‐history traits modulate forage effects.

Author

Peters, Wibke, Hebblewhite, Mark, Mysterud, Atle, Eacker, Daniel, Hewison, A. J. Mark, Linnell, John D. C., Focardi, Stefano, Urbano, Ferdinando, De Groeve, Johannes, Gehr, Benedikt, Heurich, Marco, Jarnemo, Anders, Kjellander, Petter, Kröschel, Max, Morellet, Nicolas, Pedrotti, Luca, Reinecke, Horst, Sandfort, Robin, Sönnichsen, Leif, and Sunde, Peter

Subjects
*UNGULATE migration, *HERBIVORES, *PLANT phenology, *FORAGE plants, *RED deer, *ROE deer
Abstract

The most common framework under which ungulate migration is studied predicts that it is driven by spatio–temporal variation in plant phenology, yet other hypotheses may explain differences within and between species. To disentangle more complex patterns than those based on single species/ single populations, we quantified migration variability using two sympatric ungulate species differing in their foraging strategy, mating system and physiological constraints due to body size. We related observed variation to a set of hypotheses. We used GPS‐collar data from 537 individuals in 10 roe Capreolus capreolus and 12 red deer Cervus elaphus populations spanning environmental gradients across Europe to assess variation in migration propensity, distance and timing. Using time‐to‐event models, we explored how the probability of migration varied in relation to sex, landscape (e.g. topography, forest cover) and temporally‐varying environmental factors (e.g. plant green‐up, snow cover). Migration propensity varied across study areas. Red deer were, on average, three times more migratory than roe deer (56% versus 18%). This relationship was mainly driven by red deer males which were twice as migratory as females (82% versus 38%). The probability of roe deer migration was similar between sexes. Roe deer (both sexes) migrated earliest in spring. While territorial male roe deer migrated last in autumn, male and female red deer migrated around the same time in autumn, likely due to their polygynous mating system. Plant productivity determined the onset of spring migration in both species, but if plant productivity on winter ranges was sufficiently high, roe deer were less likely to leave. In autumn, migration coincided with reduced plant productivity for both species. This relationship was stronger for red deer. Our results confirm that ungulate migration is influenced by plant phenology, but in a novel way, that these effects appear to be modulated by species‐specific traits, especially mating strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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45. Roe deer summer habitat selection at multiple spatio-temporal scales in an Alpine environment

Author

Mancinelli, Sara, Peters, Wibke, Boitani, Luigi, Hebblewhite, Mark, and Cagnacci, Francesca

Subjects
Alps, canopy, Capreolus capreolus, conditional logistic regression, European roe deer, GPS telemetry, spatio-temporal scale, third order habitat selection, trajectories, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Conditional logistic regression, capreolus capreolus, animal science and zoology, ecology, evolution, behavior and systematics, Spatio-temporal scale, Habitat selection
Abstract

Habitat selection is a hierarchical process that may involve different patterns depending on the spatial and temporal scales of investigation. We studied habitat selection by European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in a very diverse environment in the Italian eastern Alps, during summer. We sampled both coarse-grained habitat variables (topographic variables, habitat types and cover) and fine-grained habitat variables (forage components of habitat) in used and available locations along the movement trajectories of 14 adult roe deer equipped with GPS telemetry collars. We used conventional logistic regression to assess roe deer habitat selection at the seasonal home range scale, and conditional logistic regression to take into account the temporal aspect of habitat selection on a weekly basis. Our results indicate that topographic variables were not significant predictors for summer roe deer habitat selection. Roe deer strongly selected dense canopy cover, probably to avoid heat stress during warm summer days. In accordance with previous observations, roe deer preferred young forest stands dominated by pioneer species such as ash (Fraxinus spp.) and hazel (Corylus avellana) over climax environments. Roe deer positively selected shrubs (in particular Fraxinus spp., Erica herbacea, Rhododendron spp. and Vaccinium spp.) throughout the study period, whereas selection for grasses and sedges emerged only at the weekly scale. Habitat selection was clearly related to vegetation phenology, since roe deer selected plants in the most nutritive phenological stages, i.e., shrubs with buds, new leaves and fruits, and newly emergent grasses and sedges. Finally, we found stronger and more significant regression coefficients for forage components of habitat and habitat types at the weekly scale, indicating that matching spatial and temporal scales may improve our understanding of ecological patterns driving habitat selection. Conversely, selection patterns for canopy cover did not change across scales, indicating that this variable likely drives habitat selection in a similar way throughout the entire season. Download the complete issue.

Published
2015

47. Run to the Hills - Partial Migration in Large Herbivores

Author

Peters, Wibke and Peters, Wibke

Abstract

Partially migratory populations in which some individuals move to allopatric ranges during one season while others remain on their shared range, offer a unique opportunity to understand which factors shape the realized niche of individuals with plastic movement behaviors. For ungulates, forage and its spatiotemporal variability, risk (predation, humans) and density have been suggested to be the main determinants for the probability, distance and timing of migration. Roe deer (Capreolus caproelus), a small browsing ungulate with a high ecological plasticity and a wide distribution, present an ideal model species to test hypotheses on migration plasticity.

Published
2015

48. Neue Anwendungen von (S)-Adenosyl-L-methionin-Analoga mit Protein-Methyltransferasen und Click-Chemie zur sequenzspezifischen Markierung von Proteinen

Author

Peters, Wibke and Weinhold, Elmar

Subjects
Histone, protein methyltransferases, histone code, ddc:540, click-chemistry, Methyltransferasen, Cofaktor, Chemie, cofactor
Abstract

Posttranslational protein methylation has been connected to important regulatory mechanisms in cells. Especially in context with the histone code, the methylation of arginin and lysine residues on histone proteins and their function in the regulation of gene expression has been studied in detail over the past years. The ubiquitous cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionin (AdoMet) is the major methyl donor for enzymatic methylation reactions. Protein methyltransferases (MTases) catalyse methyl group transfer to target amino acid residues. However, the methyl group is a poor chemical reporter. To transfer larger functional groups than the methyl group to target positions, synthetic AdoMet analogues have been synthesized which have already been used with DNA-MTases for sequence-specific modification of DNA. The AdoMet analogues carry extended, activated side chains replacing the methyl group. With these synthetic cofactor analogues and protein MTases, a two-step labeling system for proteins was established in this work. Target proteins shall be modified by transferring the extended side chains carrying functional groups from synthetic AdoMet analogues with protein MTases. The functional groups are subsequently labeled in a bioorthogonal chemical reaction. The fungal histone lysine protein MTase Dim-5 is specific for H3K9 and was chosen for test reactions with the synthetic AdoMet analogues. A fluorescein-labeled histone peptide encompassing amino acids 1-15 from histone H3 served as a substrate. Extended side chains from synthetic AdoMet analogues could be transferred to the peptide by Dim-5. A new cofactor with a terminal alkyne as the functional group was synthesized particularly for the application in the chemical labeling reaction. The extended side chain of this AdoMet analogue AdoEnIn was transferred to the histone peptide by Dim-5. By transferring the extended side chain, a terminal alkyne was enzymatically introduced to the substrate peptide. An azide-derivatized reporter can be coupled with the alkinylated peptide in a Cu(I) catalyzed cycloaddition reaction, a so called ‘Click-Reaction’. This coupling reaction is of bioorthogonal character and can be applied to biological systems in vitro. Using the click reaction, the alkinylated peptide was biotinylated. After optimizing the reaction conditions for the enzymatic side chain transfer and the subsequent chemical biotinylation with the histone peptide, the modification-and-labeling system should be applied to full length proteins. Histone H3 was modified with the AdoEnIn side chain by Dim-5 and biotinylated via the click reaction. The reaction mixture was seperated by SDS-PAGE and detected by a Western-Blot using peroxidase-coupled avidin. The analogue AdoEnIn could also serve as a cofactor for eukaryotic protein MTases. In contrast to prokaryotic protein MTases, these are only active in protein complexes with several subunits. A human ASH2 complex contains MLL4, a H3K4 protein MTase. Histone H3 was alkinylated with AdoEnIn by the ASH2 complex and biotinylated via the click reaction. The biotinylated histone was detected by a western-blot using the peroxidase-avidin conjugate. A C-terminal fragment of MLL4 carrying the catalytic site was able to modify histone H3 with the AdoEnIn side chain, chemical biotinylation could be detected in a western-blot. The enzymatic activities of endogenous protein MTases in cell extracts were used for AdoEnIn side chain transfer to their specific substrates. Labeling with biotin allowed the detection of the modified proteins in western blots. In addition, the biotinylated proteins could either be isolated with streptavidin-coated magnetic beads and subsequently silver stained in SDS gels or were alternatively analyzed by mass spectrometry.

Published
2009

50. Resource selection and abundance estimation of moose: Implications for caribou recovery in a human altered landscape

Author

Peters, Wibke and Peters, Wibke

Abstract

Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are threatened across Canada due to human disturbance altering predator-prey dynamics. The niche specialization of caribou enables them to survive in nutrient-poor habitats spatially separated from other ungulates and their shared predators. The conversion of old-growth forests to young seral stands is hypothesized to increase the abundance of moose (Alces alces), the dominant prey for wolves (Canis lupus), resulting in apparent competition. We first examined habitat selection of moose in 2 regions with differing intensities of human disturbance in west-central Alberta and east-central British Columbia to assess how human disturbance affects the spatial separation of moose and caribou. We built resource selection functions with data from global positioning system (GPS) collars deployed on 17 moose (8 in a region with high and 9 in a region with low human disturbance) at 2 spatial scales. Our results indicated that moose in our study area make forage-risk tradeoffs in a hierarchical fashion similar to caribou, potentially eroding spatial separation in human disturbed landscapes. We also evaluated the spatial partitioning of resources by comparing resource use with GPS locations from 17 moose and 17 paired caribou using logistic regression. As expected, human disturbance decreased the resource partitioning between moose and caribou. Thus, systematic moose management and monitoring will be essential for caribou conservation. Currently, a Stratified Random Block (SRB) survey design is widely used to estimate moose populations, but these surveys are expensive and often result in imprecise population estimates when not corrected for sightability bias. We evaluated the application of distance sampling as an alternative to SRB surveys, especially for use in caribou ranges. To correct for moose missed on the transect line, where a detection rate of 100% is critical, we developed a sightability model using 21 radio-collared moose.

Published
2010

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