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Ogun State is known for road traffic accidents and fatalities. Out of the 36 states in Nigeria, five states usually combine to give 50% of accidents recorded in the country and Ogun State is among these states. Ten years accident and traffic violation data obtained from Ogun State Traffic Compliance and Enforcement Corps (TRACE) were used to assess the effect of traffic law enforcement on road traffic accidents rate in the state using Markov chain model. Markov chain model analysis revealed that drivers in Ogun State committed unsafe acts (overspeeding, Using mobile phone while driving and driving without driver's license) 55 times and unsafe condition (driving without using seatbelt) 16 times before experiencing fatality or permanent disability. The study also revealed that 46% of drivers that committed unsafe acts and 13% of drivers that committed unsafe condition left driving with fatality. While 176% of drivers that committed unsafe acts and 58% of drivers that committed unsafe condition left driving with permanent injury. From the result of the study, traffic law enforcement in Ogun state was not adequate and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primates may suffer injury from both natural (fights with conspecifics, predators) and human-induced (snares, power-lines and guns) causes. Though behavioral flexibility may allow primates to compensate for injuries, permanent disabilities, such as the loss of a limb, may adversely affect both foraging and locomotory efficiency and ultimately the survival and fitness of individuals. In the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, members of the chacma baboon population ( Papio ursinus) experience chronic levels of conflict with humans that manifests in high levels (15%) of disabled baboons in groups that overlap with residential areas. In this study we investigate the potential impact of such disabilities by comparing the behavior and diet of disabled baboons with uninjured baboons matched closely for age, sex, and social status from groups of a similar size and composition for 8 mo, from May to December 2005. Disabled baboons spent more time resting and traveling and less time feeding than uninjured baboons. Disabled and uninjured baboons had similar diets but the former consumed fewer food items with high handling costs and fed more on high return foods than the latter. There was no difference in the frequency of grooming or social vigilance behaviors, as might be expected if disability had compromised either competitive ability or predation risk. Further, there was no difference in the survival of disabled or uninjured individuals in each group. Together these results suggest that while permanent injury may affect the behavior and diet of Peninsula baboons, that these constraints may be offset by access to anthropogenic food sources and the lack of natural predators. Disability in baboons may lead to obligate raiding of high-return anthropogenic foods, which is an important challenge for the ongoing management of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]