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Introduction: This systematic review explores the use of neurophysiological measurements to study emotional responses to cosmetic products. The aim is to evaluate existing literature on these measurements in cosmetics, identify the main findings, highlight methodological challenges, and propose new guidelines for future research. Method: A systematic search focusing on neurophysiological measures to determine emotions induced by different cosmetic products was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 33 articles identified with the EBSCO database met the inclusion criteria. In all, 10 different measurement tools were used in these articles to assess the emotional effects of cosmetic products. Discussion: This review emphasizes the complexity of interactions between cosmetics and emotional responses. It underscores the importance of future research with a more holistic approach that couples several physiological measurements. Among them, electrophysiological brain activity shows potential for enhancing understanding of emotional responses related to cosmetic products. Frontal asymmetry, particularly in the alpha frequency band, was often use and frequently linked to positive emotional states, although conflicting evidence exists. Additionally, cardiac activity, specifically the LF/HF ratio, emerges as a promising marker for differentiating between different cosmetic products. However, methodological heterogeneity, present challenges for replicability, generalizability, and complicate data interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four events that took place in the medieval Islamic West (al-Andalus and North Africa west of Egypt, second/ninth–eighth/fifteenth centuries) illustrate how rulers intentionally drew clear boundaries between individuals and between groups in ways that were sometimes striking. The first case has to do with the ruler's body, the second with the way horses were mounted in the army, and the third and fourth – less surprisingly – with clothing and naming. The rulers who strove to make boundaries clear in such cases were the ethnically Arab Cordoban Umayyads (138/756–422/1031) and the ethnically Berber Almohad/Muʾminid caliphs (524/1130–668/1269). The aim of this article is to analyse what the contexts behind the rulers' actions, the groups affected by their decisions and the boundaries they erected reveal about their concerns and anxieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to clarify the rulings of wearing fragrances in Islamic law. Pleasant fragrances have been used throughout history by different communities, including prophets for various purposes such as healing, personal care, or religious reasons. Pleasant fragrances have many benefits for humans, the foremost of which is enhancing memory. Fragrances also directly affect the memory, causing the formation of certain emotions or memories. Another remarkable feature of fragrances is that they can arouse human lust. Fragrant plants exist in nature in different types. They are classified into three categories: those cultivated solely for their fragrance, those cultivated for other purposes, and those cultivated both for their fragrance and for other purposes. This classification is significant in terms of the rulings on wearing fragrance. Islam, aiming to protect the happiness of man in this world and the hereafter, has introduced certain rules regarding fragrances, which have a quality that affects human nature. Our Prophet (peace be upon him) expressed that fragrance has been made dear to him, wore fragrance for daily care, and recommended it to his ummah. Islam considers commendable (mustaḥab) to wear fragrance for Friday and Eid prayers, and before entering the state of iḥrām in order to be clean and well-groomed in gatherings. However, for certain reasons, it is forbidden for those in iḥrām to wear fragrance, for women to wear fragrance in the presence of non-maḥram men, and for women who are in their waiting period due to their husband’s death or a irrevocable divorce. The reason behind these prohibitions for women is to prevent the immorality that might arise due to the sexual attraction that fragrance can provoke. Another reason for the prohibition on women in the waiting period is that grooming and adornment are not improper with mourning. This is because engaging in grooming and beauty enhancing activities during a time of sorrow is not only inherently wrong, but also considered improper behavior by society. Wearing fragrance is also one of the prohibitions of ihram. The reason behind this prohibition is that fragrance is incompatible with spirit of ihram. There are some financial sanctions for violating this prohibition. Fragrances produced in the last century generally contain various additives such as alcohol. Therefore, there is a dispute regarding the impurity of fragrances containing additives such as perfume and cologne. Some scholars state that these substances, being impure, would invalidate acts of worship that require purity from najāsa. Other scholars do not consider these substances impure. The rulings on fragrance use reveal how much importance and value Islam attaches to human nature. Indeed, the encouragement of wearing fragrance in certain cases is based on the wisdom of demanding the benefit that will arise. Conversely, prohibiting the same act in other cases aims to prevent greater harm that may arise. Therefore, analyzing the legal rulings on wearing fragrance reveals the delicate balance observed by Islamic law in issuing its rulings. The rulings on wearing fragrance are found scattered under different topics in classical fiqh works. Although there are few studies conducted on wearing fragrance in the modern era, those addressing the issue from a fiqh perspective are inadequate in terms of quality and scope. Thus, there is a need for a study that addresses the situations where wearing fragrance is recommended, the situations where it is prohibited, and and what are the sanctions for them, together with their evidences, from a fiqh perspective. This study examines the rulings on wearing fragrance according to the four schools, primarily the Ḥanafi school, under various headings. It also analyzes the use of cologne and perfume, which are subject to various disputes due to their additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the influence of different variables on drivers' willingness to accept and use a vehicle-mounted perfume automatic dispersal device (VP-ADD) connected to the vehicle's electronic map. Based on the technical acceptance model, we clarify and condense the explanation of the model used to evaluate the impact of user behavior attitudes and device characteristics on six factors, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards use, intention to use, perceived playfulness, and perceived risk, proposing eight hypotheses. Then, we assessed the responses of 562 drivers in China using SPSS for reliability and validity and AMOS for structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. The findings reveal that the perceived usefulness, ease of use, playfulness, and risk significantly affected the willingness to accept and use the VP-ADD. Furthermore, the perceived risk has a negative influence, while the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived playfulness, and attitude towards use have a positive influence. This research is significant for further development and application of the VP-ADD. It is essential to alleviate driver fatigue, ensure traffic safety, and provide theoretical and empirical support for designing more popular driving assistance devices. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights for developing fatigue driving warning policies, in-vehicle device guidelines, and traffic safety regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Perfume (Parfum) or fragrance is a natural or synthetic cosmetic ingredient added to emit a pleasant aroma or to improve the odor of a cosmetic formula. It is a mixture of substances, not revealed by the manufacturer, which may contain ingredients with allergenic potential, endocrine disruptors, and other possible harmful effects on human health. This study aims to analyze children's cosmetics labels to assess the presence of Perfume. Methods: The researchers randomly visited points of sale in Curitiba, the capital of a southern Brazilian state; in order to catalog the largest possible number of children's cosmetics items. Results: 398 children's cosmetics were analyzed and found Parfum on 295 (74.1 %) of the labels, including 90.4 and 79,1 % of the shampoos and wet wipes, respectively. Conclusion: Exposure of children's skin to fragrances can lead to local side effects such as allergies, but also to systemic effects, and the lack of knowledge of the general population and health professionals about its possible deleterious effects emphasizes the importance of changes in the regulation of cosmetics aiming to reduce the use of this ingredient.

Stress is a condition that triggers a change in behavior and physiological state, affecting mental health. Beta-Ionone is a monocyclic terpenoid compound that can lower stress levels. However, there is a lack of studies about the anti-stress capability of Beta-Ionone inhalation, although Beta-Ionone is commonly used as a fragrance in perfumes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Beta-Ionone addition as the fragrance in perfumes on mice stress. The Beta-Ionone perfume was formulated with Bergamot Oil, Lavender Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Tea Tree Oil, and Patchouli Oil to produce Fem, Fem-Ion (Fem + Beta-Ionone), Masc, and Masc-Ion (Fem + Beta-Ionone), which had different preferable odors. The anti-stress effectivity was then evaluated in stress induced mice, which were restrained for one hour every day for one week. The perfumes were then given by inhalation every alternate day. The stress level of the mice was evaluated using a tail suspension test and serum cortisol level assays. The results showed that inhalation of the perfumes lowered the immobility time of mice in the tail suspension test, albeit the addition of Beta Ionone did not give a significant difference. Based on the results of serum cortisol level, there was a substantial decrease in serum cortisol by inhaling the Fem and Fem-Ion, showing decreases in stress level. However, there were increases in serum cortisol levels for Masc and Masc-Ion, indicating stress induction, which was suggested to be caused by 1,8-cineole, a compound in the Eucalyptus oil as the perfume oil components.

Objective: Perfume (Parfum) or fragrance is a natural or synthetic cosmetic ingredient added to emit a pleasant aroma or to improve the odor of a cosmetic formula. It is a mixture of substances, not revealed by the manufacturer, which may contain ingredients with allergenic potential, endocrine disruptors, and other possible harmful effects on human health. This study aims to analyze children's cosmetics labels to assess the presence of Perfume. Methods: The researchers randomly visited points of sale in Curitiba, the capital of a southern Brazilian state; in order to catalog the largest possible number of children's cosmetics items. Results: 398 children's cosmetics were analyzed and found Parfum on 295 (74.1 %) of the labels, including 90.4 and 79,1 % of the shampoos and wet wipes, respectively. Conclusion: Exposure of children's skin to fragrances can lead to local side effects such as allergies, but also to systemic effects, and the lack of knowledge of the general population and health professionals about its possible deleterious effects emphasizes the importance of changes in the regulation of cosmetics aiming to reduce the use of this ingredient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft skills and skills possessed by competent Baabul Kamil nursing vocational students in Jatinangor district can be a great opportunity to open new entrepreneurs who contribute to the health sector. In this community service activity, SMK students are equipped with training on making products of anti-tuberculosis aromatherapy perfume solid made from active citronella oil using a simple method. The resulting product can induce students to be able to perform interpersonal communication in carrying out nursing actions in marketing this antituberculosis aromatherapy product. The purpose of this community service program is to establish economic independence and improve the quality of graduates of students through increasing skills by obtaining antituberculosis inhalation products. This program also intended to increase communication skills of Baabul Kamil Vocational High School students in providing health education to the community as an extension of the Community Health Center in breaking the chain of transmission of tuberculosis. The method of this program includes a pre-test, followed by counseling activities, post-test, manufacture of solid anti-tuberculosis perfume products and counseling on entrepreneurship management. The results obtained were data on the level of knowledge of SMK students about tuberculosis and monitoring of its treatment, namely 55.56% had good knowledge and 44.44% had sufficient knowledge. This data shows that the success of the teaching system at SMK Baabul Kamil in teaching basic health knowledge in general. After special counseling about tuberculosis was held, the level of student knowledge increased to 83.33% with good knowledge and 16.67% with sufficient knowledge. The enthusiasm of Baabul Kamil Vocational High School students in the training on making solid perfume products was also very high. So it can be concluded that the provision of skills and knowledge possessed by SMK students increases and is able to induce student interest to make them independently to pursue entrepreneurship early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase can maintain genomic stability and integrity. However, it can interfere with the regular DNA damage repair process, possibly leading to the development of cancer and various other human diseases when its activity becomes abnormal. Current methods for detecting 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase activity often suffer from low sensitivity, time-consuming procedures, labor-intensive requirements, and the need for specialized equipment and trained professionals for execution. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a portable, user-friendly 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase assay that offers swift results and supports real-time testing. Results: We've developed a PERFUME method that combines primer exchange reaction and functionalized G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme for sensitive detection of Fpg, a typical 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase. Utilizing a single probe and T4 Polynucleotide Kinase (PNK) simplifies the experiment to a one-step reaction at 37 °C in 3 h, reducing sample consumption and improving sensitivity. We chose functionalized hemin cofactors, significantly improving catalytic efficiency and enhancing detection capability. This biosensor detects Fpg activity with a sensitivity as low as 0.11 U mL−1, displaying exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and interference resistance in human serum and bacterial cell extracts under isothermal conditions. The biosensor demonstrates remarkable selectivity and ability for Fpg inhibitors screening. In addition, this biosensor enables reading the sample's RGB values using a smartphone, facilitating accurate quantification of Fpg activity without the necessity for specialized equipment. Significance: PERFUME simplifies Fpg detection by using a single hairpin and PNK in a one-step process. We utilize FUME to enhance catalytic efficiency, it surpassing the performance of traditional G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme methods. This approach excels in analyzing Fpg in human serum and bacterial extracts. It allows quantitative Fpg detection using UV–Vis and smartphones under isothermal conditions, making it valuable for clinical diagnosis.

Some perfumers and users of perfume have claimed that the more complex perfumes should be appreciated as artworks and not merely as adornments. This essay contributes to the recent philosophical discussions of the issue. Part I explores the relation between adornment and art as Stephen Davies conceives of them. Part II examines the arguments Chiara Brozzo and Cynthia Freeland give for the current existence of art perfumes. Part III offers one kind of formal case for art perfumery by exploring some limited structural analogies between perfume and music. Part IV proposes a set of distinctions among types of art perfumes. Part V discusses whether certain perfumes can be both art and adornment.

En este trabajo abordamos de manera monográfica el contexto arqueológico de la tumba 45 de la necrópolis ibérica III de Alarcos, actualmente en proceso de excavación y de estudio. La tumba, adscrita a un individuo adulto posiblemente masculino, presenta como parte del ajuar un thymiaterion cerámico inédito compuesto por dos piezas: un soporte calado en su parte inferior y una cazoleta con asa y base perforada. Los paralelos formales que presenta con diferentes soportes calados del oppidum oretano del Cerro de las Cabezas (Valdepeñas, Ciudad Real) y la relación que mantiene la tumba 45 con otros contextos funerarios cercanos permiten datar la tumba entre los siglos IV y III a. C. En este estudio rastreamos los diferentes paralelos de las dos piezas que componen el thymiaterion cerámico en el contexto de la Oretania, así como los thymiateria de bronce y los pebeteros de terracota, y contrastamos si pueden clasificarse o no como posibles quemadores de perfumes. Por otro lado, analizamos el registro arqueológico de los yacimientos oretanos para documentar el empleo del perfume en la zona de estudio, analizando las diferentes tipologías de ungüentarios cerámicos, pasta vítrea y fayenza. Así, hemos podido atestiguar que, desde el siglo VI a. C. hasta época iberorromana, en la mayor parte de los casos el perfume aparece asociado a un uso cultual o funerario del mismo. Finalmente, un análisis detallado del registro material permite relacionar la combustión y el uso de aceites perfumados con el culto a una divinidad femenina relacionada con la fertilidad, la abundancia y la regeneración del ciclo vital.

Defined as the individual and recurrent association of the mental image of a color with the perception of a sound, colored hearing—including the sensory perceptions named synesthesia from the 1890s onwards—had a substantial impact on both the arts and sciences during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. During this media age, chronicles, popular essays, fiction, works by art, literary, and theatrical critics, and caricatures dealing with this modality of sensory perception multiplied in the newspaper and specialized press, in fashion newspapers, and in the satirical press. Often in dialogue with each other, these articles and drawings constitute a corpus testifying of the international reception of the arts and sciences of synesthesia. Above all, the press articles reflect a keen interest in synesthesia, which emerged as a social topic that, at times, aroused exasperation or enthusiasm but most often curiosity and perplexity. Three main postures stand out in the critical reception of synesthetic or polysensorial works of art: doubts about the reality of these perceptions, which were expressed in spite of the scientific endorsement from which the synesthesia benefited; the enthusiasm stemming from the emergence of novel perceptions likely to transform one's relationship to art and the world; and, finally, the belief that these perceptions testified to a degeneration of art and humanity. The aim of this article is to observe how these questions, fundamental to the history of aesthetic appreciation, were presented to the large and diverse reading public of the fin-de-siècle press in order to highlight the conceptions and judgments associated with synesthesia as well as the endogenous links forged among sensory perception, progress, and decadence. This approach allows us to better grasp the enthusiasm and resistance generated by questioning the hierarchies that have governed the history of the senses and the arts. Définies comme une association individuelle et récurrente de l'image mentale d'une couleur à la perception d'un son, l'audition colorée, puis les perceptions sensorielles nommées synesthésies à partir des années 1890, ont connu un important retentissement à la fois dans le domaine des arts et des sciences pendant le dernier quart du dix-neuvième siècle. À l'ère médiatique, les chroniques, critiques d'art, critiques littéraires ou théâtrales, essais de vulgarisation, textes de fiction mais aussi les caricatures abordant cette modalité de la perception sensorielle se multiplient dans la presse quotidienne et spécialisée, mais aussi dans les journaux de mode et dans la presse satirique. Dialoguant souvent entre eux, ces textes et ces dessins constituent un corpus témoignant de la réception internationale des arts et des sciences des synesthésie. Les articles de presse rendent ainsi compte avant tout d'un vif intérêt pour les synesthésies, qui s'imposent comme un sujet de société suscitant parfois de l'exaspération ou de l'enthousiasme, mais le plus souvent de la curiosité et de la perplexité. Trois postures principales se détachent dans la réception critique des oeuvres d'art synesthésiques ou polysensorielles : le doute quant à la réalité de ces perceptions qui s'exprime en dépit de la caution scientifique dont les synesthésies bénéficient, l'enthousiasme que suscite l'idée de nouvelles perceptions susceptibles de transformer le rapport à l'art et au monde et, enfin, l'idée que ces perceptions témoignent d'une dégénérescence de l'art et des hommes. Il s'agit d'observer comment ces questions si fondamentales pour l'histoire de l'appréciation esthétique ont été présentées au public large et diversifié des lecteurs et lectrices de la presse fin-de-siècle afin de mettre en évidence les conceptions et jugements associés aux synesthésies ainsi que les liens endogènes tissés entre perception sensorielle, progrès et décadence. Cela permet de mieux saisir les enjeux de l'enthousiasme et des résistances suscitées par la remise en cause des hiérarchies qui gouvernaient l'histoire des sens et celle des arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article fills a gap in the literature by exploring e-shoppers' views on the ability of verbal and visual cues to represent scents of unknown perfumes. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 27 consumers from Brazil, Iran, and Portugal. Results demonstrate that visual cues could complement verbal descriptions in conveying the type of scent of perfumes. In addition, this study identified a set of associations between several colors and types of scents. Overall, this article argues that consistent combinations of perfume components' symbolic and sensory verbal descriptions, colors, and images should be developed to effectively convey the scent of an unknown perfume, which can attract more e-shoppers and eventually boost online sales. Cross-cultural comparisons are also highlighted. The present study advances the knowledge of how perfume companies and e-tailors can take the advantage of implementing sensory cues to facilitate the online purchase of a typical experience product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lemongrass leaves extract as a perfume provides consumers with a fresh lemony and grassy scent. This study focused on the feasibility of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) leaves extract as a perfume in terms of smell longevity and odor strength and determine the respondents' responses toward the fragrance using the perfume. The perfume was attained using the extracted lemongrass fragrance oil, fixative, DPG, perfume-grade ethyl alcohol, and distilled water. A descriptive survey research design was employed in this study to determine the responses of 20 respondents using the perfume of lemongrass leaf extract. According to the data gathered, all of the respondents aged around 10-30 are regular users to wear perfumes. Most (75%) of the respondents were female perfume users. In line with the results, lemongrass leaf extract as a perfume in terms of smell longevity and odor strength garnered a mean of 3.4 and 3.3, respectively, and with an overall mean of 3.3, which denotes Agree which indicated moderate smell longevity and odor strength. Lastly, the respondents perceived good responses toward lemongrass perfume with a mean of 3.1 which denotes Agree. Thus, based on the data and results garnered, lemongrass leaf extract was feasible as perfume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to find out about the effect of Product Quality, Price and e-Wom (Electric-word-of-mouth) on Purchase Decision on Hambel Co. Perfume. who are domiciled in DKI Jakarta. The sampling technique of this research is non-probability sampling, by purposive sampling where obtained sample of 115 respondents. Data were processed using the SPSS 25 and analyzed through descriptive statistical, classical assumption, and multiple regression analysis tests (F-test, t-test, and coefficient determination) to determine the goodness fit of model and the relationship between variables. The test results show that all three variables passed the classical assumption test and gave the (BLUE) result. The results of multiple regression analysis indicate that the variables X1, X2 and X3 have a significant effect of 29.4% on Y. The conclusion of this study is that Product Quality and Sales Promotion have a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to the debate on material religion, the body, and the senses by focusing on the uses and reconfigurations of cologne in Turkey and its German diaspora during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eau de Cologne, which emerged in Western Europe during the second plague pandemic, was localized as kolonya in Turkey during the nineteenth century. In the early COVID-19 crisis, it regained its early association with purity and healing in spite of its high concentration of alcohol, which is a problematic substance in Islam. Moreover, it became a biopolitical agent in the government's attempt of dealing with the crisis, revitalizing and transforming long-standing kolonya cultures. Drawing on ethnographic material and media debates, the article outlines the role of kolonya as an "intra-active" substance traversing the boundaries commonly drawn between the secular and the Islamic in Turkey. It illustrates the entanglement of olfactorial hygiene, sociality, and healing in present-day Turkey and beyond. In taking the role of kolonya as a starting point, the article engages with material perspectives to argue for greater attention to be given to the olfactorial aspects of experiential Islam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law & History / Türkiye klinikleri tıp Etiği, Hukuku ve Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite significant scholarship on the semiotics and ideology of perfume advertising, its racialized nature is underexamined. This is surprising given perfume-ad characteristics that incentivize racialized representations, especially ads using celebrities, and racist constructions of smell and scent. Using critical advertising studies, sensory studies, and bell hooks' concept of the racialized Other, this article argues that perfume ads are markedly racialized. The racial semiotics of 10 print ads—five with BIPOC celebrities and five with White—are critiqued, with BIPOC celebrities essentialized as inherently exotic, wild, and primitively sexual, while White celebrities symbolize elegance, classic beauty, and uniqueness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although archaeological excavations have recovered a large number of vessels used to hold perfumes or ointments in ancient Rome, little is known about the chemical composition or origin of the substances they contained. Most available information pertains to ointment and/or cosmetic bases rather than to essences. The discovery in 2019 of an ointment jar (unguentarium) made of rock crystal (quartz) that was sealed with a stopper and contained a solid mass in a Roman tomb in Carmona (Seville, Spain) was a rather unusual finding. This paper reports the results of an archaeometric study of the unguentarium stopper and its contents. Based on them, and on comparisons with commercially available patchouli and nard oil standards, the perfume held in the unguentarium was probably patchouli. To our knowledge, this may be the first time a perfume from Roman times has been identified, which is a major advance in this field. The unguentarium stopper consisted of dolomite, a material also unknown in this type of use, and bitumen was used to seal the unguentarium with the stopper.

This paper evaluates the influence of different variables on drivers’ willingness to accept and use a vehicle-mounted perfume automatic dispersal device (VP-ADD) connected to the vehicle’s electronic map. Based on the technical acceptance model, we clarify and condense the explanation of the model used to evaluate the impact of user behavior attitudes and device characteristics on six factors, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards use, intention to use, perceived playfulness, and perceived risk, proposing eight hypotheses. Then, we assessed the responses of 562 drivers in China using SPSS for reliability and validity and AMOS for structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. The findings reveal that the perceived usefulness, ease of use, playfulness, and risk significantly affected the willingness to accept and use the VP-ADD. Furthermore, the perceived risk has a negative influence, while the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived playfulness, and attitude towards use have a positive influence. This research is significant for further development and application of the VP-ADD. It is essential to alleviate driver fatigue, ensure traffic safety, and provide theoretical and empirical support for designing more popular driving assistance devices. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights for developing fatigue driving warning policies, in-vehicle device guidelines, and traffic safety regulations.

Archaeological excavations in Ramla, Jund Filastīn capital during the early Islamic period, discovered in a zone of artisans and workshops, a unique complex of built and dug installations. It included barely known and understood components of a proto-chemical toolkit. The finds included an abundance of small, decorated bottles previously identified as perfume containers. Additional small finds of a proto-chemistry toolkit included e.g., bronze pipettes, delicate bronze pestles and weights. The complex is to be associated with the existence of a facility differing from an alchemist studio-laboratory. It involved the commercial, non-artisan, pre-industrial production of perfumes and aromatic oils associated with body care chemistry. The close proximity to a Hammām (bathhouse) is notable. Suitable comparisons were found throughout the Mediterranean Basin, from Spain, where comparable tool kits in close proximity to Hammāms were discovered, to Russia, where similar technology and typology were documented. The article discusses the importance of the dictates of the Quran and Mohammedan traditions regarding purification of the body and their catalytic influence on social and early technological changes in a pre-industrial society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Intellectual Property Law / Revista Română de Dreptul Proprietăţii Intelectuale is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TECHNE. Seria Nowa is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although archaeological excavations have recovered a large number of vessels used to hold perfumes or ointments in ancient Rome, little is known about the chemical composition or origin of the substances they contained. Most available information pertains to ointment and/or cosmetic bases rather than to essences. The discovery in 2019 of an ointment jar (unguentarium) made of rock crystal (quartz) that was sealed with a stopper and contained a solid mass in a Roman tomb in Carmona (Seville, Spain) was a rather unusual finding. This paper reports the results of an archaeometric study of the unguentarium stopper and its contents. Based on them, and on comparisons with commercially available patchouli and nard oil standards, the perfume held in the unguentarium was probably patchouli. To our knowledge, this may be the first time a perfume from Roman times has been identified, which is a major advance in this field. The unguentarium stopper consisted of dolomite, a material also unknown in this type of use, and bitumen was used to seal the unguentarium with the stopper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reconstruction of the traditional mythological ideas of the Russian inhabitants of the Perm region about the peasant house is carried out. The structural elements and premises of the hut are considered, which are perceived by the bearers of the tradition as places of contact with the spirits — “owners” of the loci. The analysis of the mythological texts recorded on the territory of the region about the bannik, the brownie, the domovoy, the leshy and the mermaid has been carried out. This material reveals a circle of rooms and elements of the Russian hut, in which, according to legend, spirits live. Permian beliefs are compared with common Slavic ones. It is concluded that the places of contact between a person and the “host” spirits are those elements of the house that are the sacred centers of the hut (oven, table) or represent its periphery (attic, golbets, closet, kitchen, bathroom, corridor, corner) or borders (door, threshold, porch, window, roof, floor, ceiling, mat). At the same time, such characteristics of these elements as “internal — external”, “upper — lower”, “central — peripheral” turn out to be important, reflecting the opposition “one’s own — someone else’s” that is basic for Slavic culture. There is a partial modernization of the spatial code in the beliefs of the Russians of the Perm region, which leads to a slight transformation of the tradition. New ideas are built into existing cultural models (the bathroom is on a par with other non-residential premises).

[Display omitted] Solubilization of hydrophobic compounds in water is commonly performed by using organic solubilizers such as hydrotropes, surfactants, co-solvents, and macrocycles to form host–guest complexes. 3,3′-commo-bis[ closo -1,2-dicarba-3-cobaltadodecaborane] derivatives (COSANs) are fully inorganic and non-amphiphilic ionic boron clusters with nanometric size (nano-ions) showing superchaotropic properties as they strongly bind to neutral organic molecules. Therefore, we expect COSANs to act as solubilizers of sparingly water-soluble molecules, but with a mechanism different from all other organic solubilizers known so far. The aqueous solubilization efficiency of COSANs towards butanol was evaluated by determining phase diagrams and comparing them to classical solubilizers. Nanostructuration of the mixture was studied using UV spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray, and neutron scattering with contrast variation. COSANs act as efficient aqueous solubilizers of medium-chain alcohols (0.6 < log P < 1.5). Unlike surfactants, COSAN is an efficient solubilizer in its monomeric state, at concentrations well below its critical aggregation concentration. Solubilization by COSAN takes place with a bi-dimensional anisotropic growth of COSAN/butanol co-assemblies, whereas solubilization by surfactant occurs via an isotropic swelling of micelles. Appealingly, COSANs/2-butanol co-assemblies efficiently solubilize more hydrophobic compounds with log P values up to around 6, offering new opportunities in many applied fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Rosa damascena is an aromatic rose species, which is cultivated for its essential oil, and is widely used in perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries in the world. This experiment was conducted to evaluate essential oil and morphological variations of 26 Damask rose genotypes. For this purpose, the effect of harvest time, i.e., early morning or evening, and sampling type, i.e., fresh or dried petals, on oil content was evaluated. In addition, the composition of essential oil of the genotypes was determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results Results showed that early morning was the preferable time for flower collection based on oil content. Furthermore, the oil yield of fresh petals was higher than that of the dried petals. Twenty-five volatile compounds were found in the extracted oils. β-Damascenone, a key marker for the quality of rose oil, was found in 22 genotypes and was more than 1.5% concentration in G3, G6, and G11 genotypes. The highest components of the oil of Damask rose genotypes were nonadecane (42.51%), β-citronellol (40.82%), n-heneicosane (34.69%), geraniol (27.76%), and n-tricosane (14.2%). A wide variation in flower characteristics, such as petal color (from white to nearly red) and petal numbers from about 25 to 95, were also recorded. The G2, G5, and G15 genotypes, originated from Isfahan, Fars, and Kerman, respectively, were selected based on petal number, flower weight, and essential oil content in fresh and dried petals. Conclusions Results suggest that morphological and biochemical diversity of Damask rose genotypes can be used effectively to characterize genetic diversity between different genotypes and to select special traits in breeding programs. Graphical Abstract

As hunter-gatherers, humans used their sense of smell to identify plants and animals, to find their way within a foraging area, or to distinguish each other by gender, age, kinship, or social dominance. Because women gathered while men hunted, the sexes evolved different sensitivities to plant and animal odors. They also ended up emitting different odors. Male odors served to intimidate rival males or assert dominance. With the rise of farming and sedentism, humans no longer needed their sense of smell to find elusive food sources or to orient themselves within a large area. Odors now came from a narrower range of plants and animals. Meanwhile, body odor was removed through bathing to facilitate interactions in enclosed spaces. This new phenotype became the template for the evolution of a new genotype: less sensitivity to odors of wild plants and animals, lower emissions of male odors, and a more negative response to them. Further change came with the development of fragrances to reodorize the body and the home. This new olfactory environment coevolved with the ability to represent odors in the mind, notably for storage in memory, for vicarious re-experiencing, or for sharing with other people through speech and writing.

The genus Rosa consists of more than 200 species. Among these Rosa damascena Mill belongs to the Damask group of roses which are known for their strong fragrance. R. damascena has been cultivated as garden rose in some west European collections but it is mainly grown for production of rose oil and rose water obtained after steam distillation of the rose flowers. It is considered that the oil rose originates from ancient Persia (today Iran) and has been later spread to Europe and Northern Africa. By the 14th century the Damask roses were already grown in West European rose collections as garden roses. Rose oil is mainly used in the perfumery and cosmetics industry as a base component of many of the modern perfumes but it also finds application in the food industry as a flavor additive. The main producers of rose oil are Bulgaria, Turkey, Iran and India. Smaller amounts of rose oil and mainly rose water are produced in the countries of Northern Africa. The price of the rose oil has been growing during the last years. The rose oil and rose flower extracts have been studied for a number of health-beneficial effects including antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, anti-infective and anti-inflammatory properties, relaxant effects on tracheal chains and anti-HIV activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mosquitoes spread many vector-borne diseases that pose risks to human health. Different repellents have been formulated to prevent host and vector interactions. In this experiment, Victoria's Secret Bombshell perfume was evaluated as a repellent of Aedes aegypti ( Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) by comparing it to DEET (N, N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide). The mean number of bites on arms wearing DEET, perfume, and nothing was determined and compared with one another. DEET was observed to prevent the most Aedes aegypti bites whereas the perfume did not prevent as many but did prevent more than the arms with nothing on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored linguistic resources that people employ to express their perceptions and opinions of a fragrance. Several natural language processing (NLP) techniques were used, including sentiment analysis, topic modelling, and supervised classification. The data were collected from the website of Fragrantica, popular among perfume lovers, and the reviews pertained to a niche market fragrance. The findings from the sentiment analysis revealed that the positive reviews contained a greater percentage of lexis referring to the social world, social processes, sexuality, leisure, and mental states. In the negative reviews, the prevalent lexis concerned health, illness, and social conflict. The topic modelling analysis indicated that the positive reviews centred on issues related to the experience of wearing the perfume, its sensual character, and its olfactory qualities. The negative reviews focused on skin chemistry, the perfume notes, and physical reactions to the scent. The supervised classification analysis indicated notable differences in the frequency ratios of some lexical items in the positive and negative reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) approaches are rising in formula optimization, ingredient selection, performance prediction, and structure-properties analysis in formulated product development for the cosmetic industry. The present review aims to give a critical discussion regarding how AI and ML assist in the development of key component materials used in cosmetics and formulated products including surfactants, polymers, fragrances, preservatives, and hydrogels. Hydrogels are reviewed here as a promising candidate to open a new frontier for the future cosmetics and personal care product industry, due to their excellent biocompatibility, excellent drug-delivering ability, and high water content. We also discuss the use of ML for formula optimization and hazardous ingredient detection such as sensitizing and allergic components. All the research publications reviewed in the present work are accomplished in the past 4 years to reflect the current research trends and progress in ML-assisted advancement in cosmetics and personal care product development. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Multisensory innovation in perfumes through audition. • Brand-aligned soundtracks for eliciting freshness and brand values. • Consistencies and variations between self-reported and implicit measurements. • Music modulated the perception of freshness attributes in commercial fragrances. • Results enable tailored multisensory experiences around perfume brands. The current landscape of the perfume industry faces the challenge of enhancing product appeal and captivating consumers through innovation. Integrating multisensory elements into perfume experiences has the potential to drive this innovation forward. This research presents a novel methodology for characterizing sounds that evoke the perception of freshness in fragrances. Three experiments were conducted to explore the transferability of identified sound characteristics into the experience of certain fragrances. Experiment 1 assessed selected sounds to identify auditory parameters that effectively triggered primary freshness attributes. Based on these results, originally composed brand-aligned soundtracks were tested in Experiment 2 using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to investigate associations with freshness and brand values. Experiment 3 examined whether these soundtracks effectively modulated the implicit olfactory experience of two commercial fragrances. The findings showed that the soundtracks successfully elicited specific enhanced effects in how people implicitly perceived the freshness of a fragrance. These outcomes revealed how soundtracks can enhance the perceptions of freshness attributes (e.g., cold, blue, light) in the fragrance experience, consistencies and variations between self-report and implicit measures, and practical applications in multisensory strategies for cosmetic companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many cultures relate fragrances to the spiritual sphere. In Western culture, Christian tradition tends to present olfaction as a ‘spiritual’ and incorporeal sense. Moreover, Catholic religion traditionally attributes to some saints the capacity to emanate celestial fragrances that operate as indexical signs of their exceptional spiritual quality. This particular spiritual gift is known as osmogenesis. Although psychoanalysis and a part of contemporary scholarship and culture tend to place odors and olfaction at the core of bodily life, the parallel and antithetic trend of connecting odors to the sphere of sacredness, spirituality and immateriality remains widespread: traces of this imagery can be found not only in figurative art and literature, but also in the communication strategies adopted by numerous brands to present their perfumes. By reconstructing and discussing some of the main features of the imaginary involving odors and spirituality, both inside and outside the circumscribed sphere of religion, this paper shows that the connection between fragrances and spirit unquestionably remains a relevant esthetic value in relation to olfactory perception in contemporary culture.

Small pottery vessels of scented oil were discovered during salvage excavations held between 1960 and 2005 at Kiman Faris (Medinet El-Fayoum) led by the Inspectorate of Antiquities of Fayoum. This study aims to identify the differences between these vessels and compare them to similar examples from Egyptian sites and abroad. The majority of them are made of Egyptian fabrics, with both alluvial and marl clays. These vessels reflect the Greek influence on culture and technology, through perfumes and cosmetics during the Ptolemaic and Roman periods.

For her doctoral dissertation “In Search of Lost Scents,” art and scent historian Caro Verbeek (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Kunstmuseum, The Hague) collected olfactory neologisms or newly invented smell related words from (art) historical sources ranging from 1855 to 1975, which she categorised according to the themes poetry, mind, concepts, material and synaesthesia. Three never-before-published artistic illustrations by the author help establish a more embodied cognition of the meaning of some of these concepts, as including “smell images” is impossible. In addition, she has created a “synaesthetic odour wheel” based on literary sources (2021).

We performed a cross‐sectional survey of 2143 female students in a university in Tianjin, China regarding perceived air quality (PAQ) and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms in the student dormitory. The prevalence of general, mucosal, and skin symptoms was 22.1%, 21.9%, and 26.3%, respectively. The three most prevalent PAQ complaints were "dry air" (48.9% often), "stuffy odor" (18.2%), and "other unpleasant odors" (5.1%), and they were significant risk factors for 11–12 out of 12 SBS symptoms (adjusted odds ratios [AOR]: 1.6–5.8). Survey data of 1471 undergraduates, whose dorms were of uniform layout and furnishing, were used to further investigate the influences of occupancy level and occupant behaviors on PAQ and SBS symptoms. Frequent use of air freshener/perfume was a significant risk factor for "dry air," less frequent room cleaning and higher occupancy density were significant risk factors for "stuffy odor," and less natural ventilation was a significant risk factor for both "stuffy odor" and "pungent odor." These factors were also significantly associated with some SBS symptoms. In particular, the use of air freshener/perfume exhibited a significant dose–response pattern with "fatigue" (sometimes: AOR 1.3; often: AOR 2.0) and with "irritated, stuffy, or runny nose" (sometimes: AOR 1.6; often: AOR 2.2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the need for accurate structural data regarding the toxicity of fragrances in sanitizers and disinfectants. We compare the predictive and descriptive (model stability) potential of multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares (PLS) models optimized through variable selection (VS). A novel hybrid chaotic neural network algorithm with competitive learning (CCLNNA)-PLS modeling strategy can offer specific optimization with satisfactory results, even for a limited dataset. While also exploring the preliminary comparative analysis, the goal is to introduce an adapted novel CCLNNA optimization strategy for VS, inspired by neural networks, along with exploring the influence of the percentage of significant descriptors in the optimization function to enhance the final model's capabilities. We analyzed an available dataset of 24 molecules, incorporating ADMET and PaDEL descriptors as predictor variables, to explore the relationship between the response/target variable (pLC 50 ) and the meticulously optimized set of descriptors. The suitability of the selected PLS models (cross- and external-validated accuracy combined with percentage of significant descriptors at a level equal to or >80 %) underscores the importance of expanding the dataset to amplify the validation protocols, thus enhancing future model reliability and environmental impact., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)