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In the present study, efficiency of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and vitamin E together in ameliorating ochratoxicosis in broiler chickens was investigated. Day-old broiler chicks (320) were divided into 8 treatment groups (T1- control (basal diet); T2- T1+ 150 ppb OTA; T3-T2 + 0.05% SC + 100 mg vitamin E-VE; T4- T2 + 0.075% SC + 100 mg VE; T5- T2 + 0.1% SC + 100 mg VE; T6- T2 + 0.05% SC + 200 mg VE; T7- T2 + 0.075% SC + 200 mg VE; T8- T2 + 0.1% SC + 200 mg VE per kg diet). Each diet was fed to 5 replicated groups of 8 birds from 0 to 42 days of age. During overall growth period (0-6 weeks), the body weight gain (BWG) of birds fed ochratoxin contaminated diet (T2) was lower than that of control group (T1). The BWG of group T5, T7 and T8 was higher than T2 but statistically similar to that of control. During overall growth period, the FI in control group was statistically similar to other treatment groups. The FI in groups T7 and T8 was higher than that of group received basal diet with toxin (T2). The overall FCR in control group (T1) was lower than that of T2. The FCR in groups T3, T4 and T6 was higher than the control, but lower than that of T2. The FCR in groups T5, T7 and T8 was lower than T2 and statistically similar to that of control (T1).The overall liveability percentage in control group (T1) was higher than that of ochratoxin fed group (T2). The liveability percentage in group T3 was lower than control and similar to that of T2. The liveability percentage in groups T4 to T8 was statistically similar to that of control. Ochratoxin contamination in diet caused significant reduction in body weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency and livability percentage. It was concluded that inclusion of S. cerevisiae at 0.1% level along with 100 mg vitamin E per kg diet or S. cerevisiae at 0.075% level along with 200 mg vitamin E/kg diet to the ochratoxin (150 ppb) contaminated feed ameliorated the adverse effects of ochratoxicosis on production performance of broiler chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminosilicates are feed additives used for multiple purposes in the poultry industry. Bentonites, zeolites, and kaolins are types of aluminosilicate compounds that appear in the marketplace due to their capabilities as mycotoxin adsorbents and other qualifications. While there are some differences among their efficacies, anecdotal evidence confirms that these additives ameliorate aflatoxicosis and manure ammonia emission, and improve the durability of pelleted diets. Furthermore, these supplements are safe at 0.2%-1% inclusion levels in the commercial diet of broilers and layers and did not have any adverse effects on productive indices, and even promoted birds' performance. Nevertheless, their upper levels, especially in purified diets, caused an unfavorable interrelationship with the adsorption of nutrients and anticoccidials. Overall, the origin, chemical composition, physical structure, inclusion level, and plausible interactions of aluminosilicates with other dietary components are important factors that should be considered before utilizing these compounds in practical farm situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary inactive yeast and live yeast on performance, egg quality traits, some blood parameters and antibody production to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) of laying hens during 16 weeks. A total of 96 Hyline Brown laying hens were allocated into one control group and three treatment groups each containing 24 hens. Each group had six replicate groups of 4 hens. A basal diet was supplemented with 1 g/kg inactive yeast (yeast autolysate, InteWall, Saccharomyces cerevisiae), 0.5 g/kg live yeast (InteSacc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and 1 g/kg inactive yeast + 0.5 g/kg live yeast in the diets of the first, second and third treatment groups, respectively. At the end of the study the results indicated that dietary treatments did not affect feed intake, interior and exterior egg quality characteristics. Dietary inactive yeast supplementation improved hen-day egg production (P=0.024) and feed conversion ratio (P=0.017) and decreased egg yolk cholesterol concentration (P=0.013). Antibody titers against SRBC and blood serum parameters were not affected by dietary treatments. The significant interaction was found in egg yolk cholesterol concentration (P=0.032) between inactive yeast and live yeast. As a result dietary inactive yeast at the level of 1 g/kg had beneficial effects in laying performance and in low cholesterol-egg production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of wheat bran fermented with rumen liquor and its effect on performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Wheat Bran (WB) was fermented using rumen liquor as source of microbes for 3 days. The unfermented and fermented WB were used to formulate experimental diets at 0, 10, 20 and 30% to give 7 dietary treatments. Two hundred and ten 4-week old Hubbard chicks were allocated to the treatments in a completely randomized design. After the 3-day fermentation, crude protein content was 15.33 and 16.82% for unfermented and fermented WB, respectively. Final weight, total weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not (P > 0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. The diets promoted similar carcass, meat and haematological characteristics. In summary, fermented wheat bran can be included in broiler-chicken finisher diets without significant adverse effects on their performance, haematology and meat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) content of refined soybean oil (SO), recycled soybean oil (RSO) and acidulated soybean oil soapstock (ASO) and the effects of inclusion of vitamin E and C in diets containing 35g/kg of these oils on performance and egg quality of Hy-Line W-36 hens from 44 to 56 weeks of age. In Exp. 1, the AME of the three oils was estimated in adult cockerels (n =6) either by multiplying the digestibility of the oil by its gross energy value or by difference between the AME values of the basal diet and that of a diet that included 50g/kg of the oil. The estimated AME of the SO, RSO and ASO oils were 37.32, 37.13 and 32.85MJ/kg when measured directly from oil digestibility coefficients and 38.19, 37.44 and 33.33MJ/kg when calculated by difference, respectively. In Exp. 2, there were 12 dietary treatments arranged factorially with three oil sources, two levels of supplemental vitamin E (10 vs. 250IU/kg) and two levels of supplemental vitamin C (0 vs. 250mg/kg). Each diet was replicated five times and the experimental unit was a cage with five hens. Diet did not affect laying hen performance or egg quality traits in any of the periods considered. It is concluded that when well processed, recycled soy oil and acidulated soy oil soapstock are good alternatives to refined soybean oil in diets for laying hens. Under the conditions of this research, the supplementation of the diet with extra amounts of vitamin E and C to increase egg production or egg quality was not justified. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This experiment was conducted in order to study the nutritive value of Citric Acid Production By-product (CAPB) and the effect of using it on broiler chicken performance in completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 6 replicates on 420 broiler chicks. Metabolizable energy of CAPB was determined before diets formulation. Performance characteristics were evaluated every week in total period. At 49th day, 3 birds from each experimental unit based on the same average body weight were slaughtered and carcass percent of its components were studied. The results showed that maximum and minimum feed intake were related to 7.5% CAPB, 2.5% CAPB and control diet in total period, respectively. Average weight gain was significant in total period and maximum and minimum of it were in to 5% CAPB and 10% CAPB respectively. Feed conversion ratio was significant in 1-21 days (P<0.05). There was not any significant difference between treatments for mortality percentage. In total period, the maximum and minimum average of production index was related to control and 10% CAPB, respectively (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between treatments for carcass traits. Breast and thigh protein (dry matter basis) had significant difference. The highest and lowest average of breast and thigh protein was 10 and 2.5 percent citric acid production by-product and control and 10 percent citric acid production by-product, respectively. Based on obtained results, level of 5% CAPB was suitable amount to be in broiler chick diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four experiments were conducted, in two stages, to evaluate protein and limiting amino acids' (lysine and methionine + cystine) levels in pre-starter diets on broilers' performance. In each experiment of Stage 1, 640 new-born male Ross 308 cockerels were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. In experiment 1-1, two levels of crude protein (CP: 21% and 23.2%) and four levels of Lys (1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5%) and in experiment 1-2, two levels of CP (21 and 23.2%) and four levels of Met + Cys (0.85, 0.90, 0.95, and 1.00%) were used. In Stage 2, the optimum levels of Lys and Met + Cys obtained from Stage 1 (1.3 and 1.5% Lys, 0.90 and 1.00%Met + Cys in experiment 1-1 and 1-2, resp.) with two levels of CP (21 and 23.2%) were used in two separate simultaneous experiments with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for male and female birds. The levels of CP significantly influenced BWG and FCR in experiment 1-1. Dietary levels of Lys affect BWG (experiment 1-1) and FI (experiments 1-1 and 2-1) significantly. In experiments 1-2 and 2-2, the different levels of Met + Cys did not affect BWG, FI, and FCR of male or female broilers. The results of these experiments indicated that the optimal level of dietary protein and Lys were 23.2% and 1.5%, respectively. Diets with 1% Met + Cys caused optimal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of citrus extracts (CEs) supplement in diet or in drinking water on the abilities of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory of layers in late laying period. Ninety 68-week-old Lohmann layers were employed and random divided into 5 treatment groups: basal diet (C), 1 kg basal diet + 0.5 g CEs (P-0.5), 1 kg basal diet + 1 g CEs (P-1), 1 L drinking water + 0.5 mL CEs (W-0.5), and 1 L drinking water + 1 mL CEs (W-1). Each group had 3 replicates with 18 layers. The blood and liver were collected on day-1, week 5 and week 7 in trial period for measuring serum biochemistry value, anti-oxidative capacity and gene expression alteration associate with inflammatory factors. The results showed that the biochemistry value and anti-oxidative capacity were no significantly difference between all groups. The inflammatory factors IFNA 3 and IL 6 in all groups were lower than control in week 5, and only in group P-0.5 was significantly higher than other groups in week 7 (P < 0.05). NFKB1A in groups supplemented CEs either in diet or in drinking water were significantly higher than control group in week 5 (P < 0.05), while no difference among all groups in week 7. It's benefit to CEs supplement in dietary on anti-inflammation for laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of citrus extracts (CEs) supplement in diet or in drinking water on laying performance and egg quality of layers in late laying period. Ninety 68-week-old Lohmann layers were employed and random divided into 5 treatment groups: basal diet (C), supplemented with 0.5 g CEs per kg basal diet (P-0.5), supplemented with 1 g CEs per kg basal diet (P-1), supplemented with 0.5 mL CEs per L drinking water (W-0.5), and supplemented with 1 mL CEs per L drinking water (W-1). Each group had 3 replicates with 18 layers. The egg quality was measured on the day-1,7, 21, 35 and 49 in 7-week trial period, and the egg weight, laying rate and feed consumption were recorded at the same time. The results showed that group P-1 had a higher weight of eggshell than control (P = 0.027) and group W-0.5 (P = 0.028). The egg weight in group P-0.5 was significantly higher than control (P = 0.027) while the group W-0.5 was lowest (P = 0.0001). The egg production rate in group P-1 was significantly higher than control (P = 0.0051) and group W-1 (P = 0.036). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)