30 results on '"PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle"'
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2. Genetic, management, and nutritional factors affecting intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle -- A review.
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Seung Ju Park, Seok-Hyeon Beak, Da Jin Sol Jung, Sang Yeob Kim, In Hyuk Jeong, Min Yu Piao, Hyeok Joong Kang, Fassah, Dilla Mareistia, Sang Weon Na, Seon Pil Yoo, and Myunggi Baik
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INTRAMUSCULAR injections , *SKELETAL muscle , *ERECTOR spinae muscles , *BEEF quality , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle - Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content in skeletal muscle including the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM), also known as marbling fat, is one of the most important factors determining beef quality in several countries including Korea, Japan, Australia, and the United States. Genetics and breed, management, and nutrition affect IMF deposition. Japanese Black cattle breed has the highest IMF content in the world, and Korean cattle (also called Hanwoo) the second highest. Here, we review results of research on genetic factors (breed and sex differences and heritability) that affect IMF deposition. Cattle management factors are also important for IMF deposition. Castration of bulls increases IMF deposition in most cattle breeds. The effects of several management factors, including weaning age, castration, slaughter weight and age, and environmental conditions on IMF deposition are also reviewed. Nutritional factors, including fat metabolism, digestion and absorption of feed, glucose/starch availability, and vitamin A, D, and C levels are important for IMF deposition. Manipulating IMF deposition through developmental programming via metabolic imprinting is a recently proposed nutritional method to change potential IMF deposition during the fetal and neonatal periods in rodents and domestic animals. Application of fetal nutritional programming to increase IMF deposition of progeny in later life is reviewed. The coordination of several factors affects IMF deposition. Thus, a combination of several strategies may be needed to manipulate IMF deposition, depending on the consumer's beef preference. In particular, stage-specific feeding programs with concentrate-based diets developed by Japan and Korea are described in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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3. Effects of two-stage weaning with nose flap devices applied to calves on cow body condition, calf performance, and calf humoral immune response.
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Lippolis, K. D., Ahola, J. K., Mayo, C. E., Fischer, M. C., and Callan, R. J.
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CALVES , *ANIMAL weaning , *HUMORAL immunity , *CALF physiology , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN G , *ANTIBODY titer - Abstract
The effects of nose flap devices in calves before dam separation on cow BCS, pre- and postseparation calf performance, and humoral immune response were compared with traditional weaning. Primiparous and multiparous Angus and Hereford cows (n = 113) and their Angus, Hereford, and Angus × Hereford calves (179.4 ± 3.92 kg and 161 ± 22.7 d of age) were used. Cow-calf pairs were allocated to 1 of 2 treatments in a completely randomized design: 1) nose flap for 21 d before separation from the dam (NF) or 2) no nose flap for 21 d before separation from the dam (CON). Calves were separated from dams on d 0, and calves were placed in group feed-yard pens for 28 d. A subset (n = 75) of weaned calves were placed into 1 of 8 pens to evaluate DMI. Cow BCS was measured on d -21 and 56, and calves were given modified live vaccinations (d -21 and 1), challenged with ovalbumin (OVA; d 1), and weighed (d -21, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28). In addition, blood samples were collected (d -21, 1, 14, and 28) to measure primary humoral immune response. Control calves tended to have greater BW on d 14 (P = 0.09) and 21 (P = 0.07) than NF calves, and CON calves had greater (P < 0.05) ADG from d -21 to 1 vs. NF calves. Treatments did not differ (P = 0.27) for postweaning DMI, G:F, or morbidity. Serum neutralization tests for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) were used to measure humoral response to a viral vaccination. Serum antibody titers to BVDV-1 for CON calves tended (P = 0.08) to be greater on d 1 and were greater (P < 0.05) by d 28 vs. NF calves. By d 28, a greater percentage (P < 0.05) of CON calves seroconverted for BVDV-1 than NF calves (82.1 vs. 66.7%, respectively). Serum antibody titers for BHV-1 were greater (P < 0.05) on d 1 and 28 for CON vs. NF calves. Humoral immune response to OVA during the 28-d postseparation period from the dam was evaluated in a subset (n = 57) of calves. There was no difference (P = 0.92) in OVA-specific IgG between treatments on d 14 or 28 (P = 0.76); however, OVA-specific IgM was greater (P < 0.05) in CON vs. NF calves on d 28. Results indicate that nose flap devices did not influence feed intake, feed efficiency, or morbidity during the initial postseparation period from the dam. However, preweaning ADG, serum BVDV-1 and BHV-1 titers, and humoral immune response to OVA were decreased in calves that received the nose flap treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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4. The effects of spring versus summer calving on beef cattle economic performance in western Canada.
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Khakbazan, Mohammad, Durunna, Obioha N., Sirski, Tanis K., Brewin, Derek G., Huang, John, Berry, Nathan, Iwaasa, Alan D., Scott, Shannon L., Robins, Clayton D., Block, Hushton C., and Lardner, Herbert A.
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CATTLE parturition ,PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle ,BEEF sales & prices ,FARM management ,ECONOMIC indicators - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2015
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5. PERFORMANCES OF SIMENTAL AND CROSSBREED ONGOLE IN FATTENING BEEF CATTLE USING CASSAVA WASTE.
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Candra, A. A., Sukaryana, Y., and Noviadi, R.
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CATTLE breeds , *CATTLE breeding , *BEEF cattle breeding , *CATTLE crossbreeding , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle - Abstract
The purpose of this article was to examine the performance Simental cattle and crossbreed ongol (CO) in Fattening Beef Cattle Semi Intensive Systems Based Cassava Waste. Research was to use of 10 heifer divided into two groups; simental and crossbreed ongol (CO) strain. Heifer were given feed treated with the main feed ingredient cassava waste of skin and combined with the concentrate. The research that was heifer simental better response in Fattening Beef Cattle Semi Intensive System for the increase of body weight 43.7 kg and average daily gain 0.73 crossbreed ongol (CO) 33.3 kg and 0.59 Average daily gain. In this study Simental cows have a better response in feedlot beef cattle kereman system using cassava peel waste as compared to cow's main food ingredients hybrid ongol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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6. Influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the myostatin and myogenic factor 5 muscle growth-related genes on the performance traits of Marchigiana beef cattle.
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Sarti, F. M., Lasagna, E., Ceccobelli, S., Di Lorenzo, P., Filippini, F., Sbarra, F., Giontella, A., Pieramati, C., and Panella, F.
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PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle , *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms , *BEEF cattle breeds , *MUSCLE growth , *MYOSTATIN , *GENETIC carriers - Abstract
The Marchigiana is famous for its large body size and favorable dressing percentage. A myostatin (MSTN) gene mutation (a G to T transversion) was identified in the breed. The homozygote "GG" yields a "normal" phenotype, the homozygote "TT" yields a double muscled body shape but sometimes causes survival problems, and the heterozygote genotype produces an extremely muscled body without defects. In practice, Marchigiana "TT" homozygotes are culled from reproduction, but the heterozygotes are chosen as sires. The objective of this study was to assess genes involved in Marchigiana muscle development to improve selection procedures. The effects of the MSTN and myogenic factor 5 (.MYF5) genes on the growth and muscle traits in the Marchigiana breed were assessed. The effects of MSTN together with the genotype of the causative mutation (g.874G > T) and the effects of the two SNP in the promoter were studied (g.-371T > A and g.-805G > C). The SNP effects were evaluated in a comparison between the means of the several genotypes or for the average gene substitution and dominance effect. Two hundred forty-nine bullocks were evaluated using a performance test. At the beginning and end of the trial, the animals were weighed and their bodies were measured every 21 d up to 12 mo of age. In addition to these observations, morphological scores and the BLUP indices were estimated at the end of the performance test. The obtained results suggested that the MSTN g.874G > T and MYF5 SNP could be considered in the selection program of the Marchigiana breed. A MSTN g.874G > T genotyping service for the breeders could help to avoid the "TT" genotype and to select for the "GT" genotype. The "AA" MYF5 SNP genotype could also be selected for even if good muscle development yields a certain size reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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7. Supplementation based on protein or energy ingredients to beef cattle consuming low-quality cool-season forages: I. Forage disappearance parameters in rumen-fistulated steers and physiological responses in pregnant heifers.
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Cappellozza, B. I., Cooke, R. F., Guarnieri Filho, T. A., and Bohnert, D. W.
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DIETARY supplements , *BEEF cattle feeding & feeds , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle , *BEEF cattle physiology , *ANIMAL feeding behavior , *PREGNANCY in animals - Abstract
Two experiments evaluated the influence of supplement composition on ruminai forage disappearance, perfomiance, and physiological responses of Angus x Hereford cattle consuming a low-quality cool-season for-age (8.7% CP and 57% TDN). In Exp. 1, 6 rumen-fistulated steers housed in individual pens were assigned to an incomplete 3 x 2 Latin square design containing 2 periods of 11 d each and the following treatments: 1) supplementation with soybean meal (PROT), 2) supplementation with a mixture of cracked corn, soybean meal, and urea (68:22:10 ratio, DM basis; ENER), or 3) no supplementation (CON). Steers were offered meadow foxtail (Alopecurus praten- sis L.) hay for ad libitum consumption. Treatments were provided daily at 0.50 and 0.54% of shrunk BW/steer for PROT and ENER, respectively, to ensure that PROT and ENER intakes were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. No treatment effects were detected on rumen disappearance parameters of forage DM (P ≥ 0.33) and NDF (P ≥ 0.66). In Exp. 2, 35 pregnant heifers were ranked by initial BW on d -7 of the study, allocated into 12 feedlot pens (4 pens/ treatment), and assigned to the same treatments and forage intake regimen as in Exp. 1 for 19 d. Treatments were fed once daily at 1.77 and 1.92 kg of DM/heifer for PROT and ENER, respectively, to achieve the same treatment intake as percent of initial BW used in Exp. 1 (0.50 and 0.54% for PROT and ENER, respectively). No treatment effects (P = 0.17) were detected on forage DMI. Total DMI was greater (P < 0.01) for PROT and ENER compared with CON and similar between PROT and ENER (P = 0.36). Accordingly, ADG was greater (P = 0.01) for PROT compared with CON, tended to be greater for ENER compared with CON (P = 0.08), and was similar between ENER and PROT (P = 0.28). Heifers receiving PROT and ENER had greater mean concentrations of plasma glucose (P = 0.03), insulin (P ≤ 0.09), IGF-I (P ≤ 0.04), and progesterone (P = 0.01) compared to CON, whereas ENER and PROT had similar concentrations of these variables (P ≥ 0.15). A treatment x hour interaction was detected (P < 0.01) for plasma urea N (PUN), given that PUN concentrations increased after supplementation for ENER and PROT (time effect, P < 0.01) but did not change for CON (time effect, P = 0.62). In conclusion, beef cattle consuming low-quality cool-season forages had similar ruminai forage disappearance and intake, performance, and physiological status if offered supplements based on soybean meal or com at 0.5% of BW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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8. Supplementation based on protein or energy ingredients to beef cattle consuming low-quality cool-season forages: II. Performance, reproductive, and metabolic responses of replacement heifers.
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Cappellozza, B. I., Cooke, R. F., Reis, M. M., Moriel, P., Keisler, D. H., and Bohnert, D. W.
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DIETARY supplements , *CATTLE nutrition , *HEIFERS , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle , *METABOLISM , *GENE expression , *ANIMAL behavior , *CATTLE - Abstract
This experiment evaluated the influence of supplement composition on performance, reproductive, and metabolic responses of Angus x Hereford heifers consuming a low-quality cool-season forage (8.7% CP and 57% TDN). Sixty heifers (initial age = 226 ± 3 d) were allocated into 15 drylot pens (4 heifers/pen and 5 pens/treatment) and assigned to 1) supplementation with soybean meal (PROT), 2) supplementation with a mixture of cracked com, soybean meal, and urea (68:22:10 ratio, DM basis; ENER), or 3) no supplementation (CON). Heifers were offered meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.) hay for ad libitum consumption during the experiment (d-10 to 160). Beginning on d 0, PROT and ENER were provided daily at a rate of 1.30 and 1.40 kg of DM/heifer to ensure that PROT and ENER intakes were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Hay and total DMI were recorded for 5 consecutive days during each month of the experiment. Blood was collected every 10 d for analysis of plasma progesterone to evaluate puberty attainment. Blood samples collected on d-10, 60, 120, and 150 were also analyzed for plasma concentrations of plasma urea N (PUN), glucose, insulin, IGF-I, NEFA, and leptin. Liver samples were collected on d 100 from 2 heifers/pen and analyzed for mRNA expression of genes associated with nutritional metabolism. No treatment effect was detected (P = 0.33) on forage DMI. Total DMI, ADG, and mean concentrations of glucose, insulin, and IGF-I as well as hepatic mRNA expression of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were greater (P ≤ 0.02) for PROT and ENER compared with CON and similar between PROT and ENER (P ≥ 0.13). Mean PUN concentrations were also greater (P <0.01) for PROT and ENER compared with CON, whereas PROT heifers had greater (P <0.01) PUN compared with ENER. Plasma leptin concentrations were similar between ENER and PROT (P ≥ 0.19) and greater (P ≤ 0.03) for ENER and PROT compared with CON on d 120 and 150 (treatment x day interaction, P = 0.03). Hepatic mRNA expression of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was greater (P = 0.05) in PROT compared with CON and ENER and similar between CON and ENER (P = 0.98). The proportion of heifers pubertal on d 160 was greater (P <0.01) in ENER compared with PROT and CON and similar between PROT and CON (P = 0.38). In conclusion, beef heifers consuming a low-quality cool-season forage had a similar increase in DMI, growth, and overall metabolic status if offered supplements based on soybean meal or com at 0.5% of BW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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9. Effect of dietary trace mineral supplementation and a multi-element trace mineral injection on shipping response and growth performance of beef cattle.
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Genther, O. N. and Hansen, S. L.
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MINERAL supplements , *BEEF cattle feeding & feeds , *BEEF carcasses , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle , *MINERALS in animal nutrition - Abstract
To examine the effect of trace mineral (TM) status and TM injection on growth perfonnance and carcass characteristics in beef cattle, 40 steers were used in a growing and finishing study. Steers were stratified by weight (323 ± 14.8 kg) and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments for an 84-d depletion period: 1) a com silage-based diet supplemented with Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn to meet or exceed NRC recommendations (CON), or 2) CON diet without supplemental Cu, Mn, Se, or Zn but supplemented with 300 mg Fe and 5 mg Mo/kg diet DM as dietary TM antagonists (DEF) to induce mild deficiencies. To mimic shipping stress, steers were shipped for 20 h on d 88 and were received back on d 89. On d 91 an equal number of steers from both dietary treatments were injected with sterilized saline (SAL) or Multimin 90 (MM; containing 15,60,10, and 5 mg/mL of Cu, Zn, Mn, and Se, respectively) at a dose of 1 mL/68 kg BW. Steers were fed a common finishing diet supplemented with 10 mg Cu, 20 mg Mn, 0.1 mg Se, and 30 mg Zn/kg diet DM for the 90-d repletion period. Steers were harvested 91 d postinjection and carcass data were collected. During the depletion period, diet did not affect BW, ADG, DMI, or G:F (P> 0.20). During the shipping period (defined as the time between 2-d consecutive weights on d 83 and 84 and d 90 and 91), DEF steers tended to lose more weight per day than CON steers (P = 0.06) and had lesser DMI (P = 0.03), suggesting that response to shipping stress may be modulated by TM status. During the repletion period, ADG of DEF + MM steers was greater (P = 0.03) compared with DEF + SAL and was not different (P = 0.92) among CON + MM and CON + SAL steers. There was no effect of diet or injection on HCW or dressing percentage (P > 0.20). Within the CON group, TM injection decreased yield grade (P = 0.03) but did not affect yield grade of DEF steers (P > 0.20). Steers given TM injection had a larger rib eye area (P = 0.04) regard-less of previous diet. Interestingly, both diet and injection affected marbling scores (MS), where CON steers had greater MS than DEF steers (P = 0.01) and MM steers had greater MS than SAL steers (P = 0.04). These results indicate that adequate TM nutrition is essential for marbling development, during both the growing and finishing phases. Overall, an injectable mineral improved rib eye area and MS regardless of initial TM status and improved growth of mildly TM deficient steers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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10. Evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product as an alternative to monensin on growth performance, cost of gain, and carcass characteristics of heavy-weight yearling beef steers.
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Swyers, K. L., Wagner, J. J., Dorton, K. L., and Archibeque, S. L.
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BEEF carcasses , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle , *BEEF cattle weight , *SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae , *BEEF cattle feeding & feeds , *CATTLE growth , *MONENSIN , *FERMENTATION products industry - Abstract
Two hundred fifty-two cross-bred yearling steers (406 ± 24 kg BW) were used in a completely ran-domized block design with a 2 x 2 factorial anangement of treatments (7 pens/treatment) to evaluate the effects of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae fennentation product (SFP) and monensin (MON) on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Dietary treatments arranged as a 2×2 factorial were 1) with or without SFP and 2) with or without MON. Finishing diets contained 19.7% of DM as dried distiller's grains with solubles. Both SFP and MON were added in the total mixed ration in place of an equal amount of commeal (DM basis; target intake = 2.8 g of SFP and 33 mg of MON/kg of dietary DM). Each treatment group was offered ad libitum access to a transition ration from d 1 to 8 and then to the finishing ration from d 9 to 125. Body weights were collected on d 0, 28, 56, 84, 110, and 125. Initial and final BW was an average of 2-d weights (d -1 and 0 and d 124 and 125, respectively). Steers were shipped for harvest on d 125. Overall ADG was decreased (P = 0.03) in steers supplemented with SFP, but final BW was similar among treatments. Feeding SFP was associated with lighter (P <0.01) HCW and a greater (P = 0.01) number of carcasses grading USDA Choice. Twelfth rib fat thickness was not affected by SFP (P = 0.82) or MON (P = 0.35), but numerical decreases in 12th rib fat thickness among cattle receiving SFP or MON alone contributed to a tendency (P=0.07) for greater 12 rib fat thickness when SFP and MON were provided. There was no effect of treatment on cost of gain (P > 0.21 ). The effects of SFP in the current study may have been limited in heavy yearling steers due to consumption of a finishing diet containing 19.7% dried distiller's grains with solubles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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11. Effects of dietary addition of wormwood (Artemisia montana Pampan) silage on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and muscle fatty acid profiles of beef cattle
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Kim, S.C., Adesogan, A.T., and Shin, J.H.
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WORMWOOD , *ARTEMISIA , *RICE straw , *BEEF cattle feeding & feeds , *BEEF carcasses , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle , *BEEF cattle weight , *SATURATED fatty acids - Abstract
Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of substituting rice straw with wormwood (Artemisia montana) silage on growth performance, carcass quality, and muscle fatty acid profiles of Hanwoo steers during the fattening period. Twenty steers (326±23kg body weight) were blocked by body weight and assigned randomly to one of four treatments in which 0, 50, 100 or 150g/kg of rice straw (dry matter (DM) basis) was substituted with wormwood silage. Concentrate feed mixtures containing crude protein and metabolizable energy values of 120g/kg DM and 6.5MJ/kg DM and 122g/kg DM and 9.6MJ/kg DM were used for the early and late fattening periods, respectively. The forages and concentrate feed mixtures were fed separately for 390d and the forage to concentrate feed mixture ratio was changed from 7:3 (DM basis) initially to 1:9 at the end by increasing the concentrate proportion monthly. Wormwood silage had greater crude protein and ether extract concentrations, but lesser neutral detergent fiber concentration than rice straw. The C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3 concentrations in rice straw were lesser than in wormwood silage (15 vs. 29g/100g fatty acid; 3 vs. 21g/100g fatty acid, respectively). Increasing the level of addition of wormwood silage linearly (P<0.001) increased concentrate and total DM intake, and quadratically increased final body weight (P<0.01) and average daily gain (P<0.001), consequently, feed conversion ratio (DMI/BW gain) decreased (P<0.01) concomitantly. Backfat thickness decreased quadratically (P<0.01) as dietary wormwood silage addition increased, whereas carcass weight (P=0.002), longissimus muscle area (P=0.002), and marbling score (P=0.014) increased. Meat color was not affected by treatment. Concentrations of C18:0 (P<0.05), C18:1 n-9 (P<0.05) and monounsaturated fatty acid in the longissimus muscle decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing wormwood silage addition but cis-9 trans-11 conjugated liloneic acid (P<0.001), C18:3 n-3 (P<0.01), C22:0 (P<0.001), C24:1 n-9 (P<0.001) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (P<0.001) concentrations increased. Replacing rice straw with up to 100g/kg of wormwood silage improved the growth performance, carcass quality, and muscle fatty acid profile of Hanwoo steers during the fattening period. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2012
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12. Wet distillers grains plus solubles concentration in steam-flaked-corn-based diets: Effects on feedlot cattle performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation characteristics.
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Luebbe, M. K., Patterson, J. M., Jenkins, K. H., Buttrey, E. K., Davis, T. C., Clark, B. E., McCollum III, F. T., CoIe, N. A., and MacDonald, J. C.
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DISTILLERS feeds , *BEEF cattle feeding & feeds , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle , *CORN as feed , *RUMINATION (Digestion) , *ANIMAL nutrition - Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of wet distillers grain plus solubles (WDG; <15% sorghum grain) concentration in steam-flaked corn (SFC) diets on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, ruminal fermentation, and diet digestibility. In Exp. 1, six hundred crossbred steers (364 ± 35 kg of BW) were used in a randomized complete block design with 8 replications/treatment. Dietary treatments consisted of a dry-rolled corn (DRC) control diet without WDG, a SFC control without WDG, and SFC with 4 WDG concentrations (15, 30, 45, 60% DM basis) replacing SFC, cottonseed meal, urea, and yellow grease. Final BW, ADG, G:F, HCW, and 12th-rib fat depth were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for SFC compared with DRC. Dry matter intake tended (P = 0.06) to be greater for DRC compared with SFC. Final BW, ADG, G:F, HCW, 12th-rib fat depth, and marbling score decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing WDG concentration. In Exp. 2, six ruminally and duodenally cannulated crossbred steers (481 ± 18 kg of BW) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design using the same diets as Exp. 1. Ruminal, postruminal, and total tract OM and NDF digestibility were not different (P > 0.14) for DRC compared with SFC. Ruminal and total tract starch digestibility were greater (P < 0.01) for SFC compared with DRC. Dry matter and OM intake were not different (P ≥ 0.43) among WDG treatments. Ruminal and total tract OM digestibility decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing WDG concentration. Intake, ruminal digestibility, and total tract digestibility of NDF increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing WDG concentration. Starch intake decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing WDG concentration. Ruminal starch digestibility increased (P = 0.01) with increasing concentration of WDG. Total tract starch digestibility decreased quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing concentration of WDG. Feeding SFC improved steer performance compared with DRC. The concentration of WDG and corn processing method influences nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation. The addition of WDG in SFC-based diets appears to negatively affect animal performance by diluting the energy density of the diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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13. Effect of the administration program of 2 β-adrenergic agonists on growth performance and carcass and meat characteristics of feedlot ram lambs.
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López-Carlos, M. A., Ramírez, R. G., Aguilera-Soto, J. I., Rodríguez, H., F. Aréchiga, C., Méndez-Llorente, F., Chavez, J. J., Medina, C. A., and Silva, J. M.
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ADRENERGIC beta agonists in animal nutrition , *BEEF carcasses , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle , *LAMB carcasses , *LAMB physiology , *RAMS , *RACTOPAMINE , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of 3 feeding dose programs of the β-adrenergic agonists (β-AA) ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) or zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) for the final 30 d before slaughter on growth performance and carcass and meat characteristics of feedlot ram lambs. Eighty-four Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs (30.0 ± 1.6 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to pens (4 lambs per pen and 3 pens per treatment). Pens within a block were assigned randomly to 1 of 7 dietary treatments: 1) control (CTL) = diet without β-AA; 2) RH constant (RHC) = 20.0 mg/kg of RH, d 1 to 30; 3) RH increasing (RHI) = 10.0 mg/kg, d 1 to 10; 20.0 mg/kg, d 11 to 20; and 30.0 mg/kg, d 21 to 30; 4) RH decreasing (RHD) = 30.0 mg/kg, d 1 to 10; 20.0 mg/kg, d 11 to 20; and 10.0 mg/kg, d 21 to 30; 5) ZH constant (ZHC) = 6.0 mg/kg of ZH, d 1 to 30; 6) ZH increasing (ZHI) = 3.0 mg/kg, d 1 to 10; 6.0 mg/kg, d 11 to 20; and 9.0 mg/kg d 21 to 30; and 7) ZH decreasing (ZHD) = 9.0 mg/kg, d 1 to 10; 6.0 mg/kg, d 11 to 20; and 3.0 mg/kg, d 21 to 30. Overall, β-AA supplementation reduced DMI (P < 0.001) compared with CTL lambs, but lambs fed RHI and ZHI programs had greater (P < 0.05) total BW gain, ADG, and G:F. Carcass weight was improved (P < 0.05) by RHI and ZHI programs, but dressing percentage was enhanced (P < 0.05) by only ZHC or ZHI treatments. Fat thickness and yield grade were reduced (P < 0.05) by ZH or RH regardless of feeding program. Most LM characteristics (pH, moisture loss, and chemical composition) were not different among treatments (P > 0.05), with the exception of fat content that was reduced (P < 0.001) in lambs fed β-AA, and diameter of muscle fibers that was increased (P < 0.05) by ZHI treatment. Constant and increasing doses of ZH reduced (P < 0.05) the a* value of LM and semitendinosus muscles, with no effects on L* or b* values. The mass of liver was reduced (P < 0.05) in ZHI-treated lambs compared with CTL lambs, and plasma urea concentration was reduced (P < 0.05) by RH or ZH administration regardless of feeding program, although there were no other differences in organ mass weight (P ≥ 0.35) or blood metabolites (P ≥ 0.16). Increasing doses of RH or ZH augmented the growth performance response without negative effects on organ mass weight or blood metabolites. Although a ZHI program improved carcass characteristics, the increased LM fiber diameter of lambs fed ZHI program could be unfavorable because of the potential negative effect on tenderness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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14. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM: Impacts of inflammation on cattle growth and carcass merit.
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Gifford, C. A., Holland, B. P., Mills, R. L., Maxwell, C. L., Farney, J. K., Terrill, S. J., Step, D. L., Richards, C. J., Burciaga Robles, L. O., and Krehbiel, C. R.
- Subjects
- *
BOVINE respiratory syncytial virus diseases , *INFLAMMATION , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle , *BEEF carcasses , *CATTLE growth , *BOVINE somatotropin ,CATTLE development - Abstract
Inflammation caused by bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be one of the greatest challenges facing beef cattle producers and feedlot managers. Inflammation decreases DMI, ADG, and G:F in feedlot calves, decreasing growth rate and increasing days on feed, which results in economic losses during the feeding period. During the past decade, marketing of feedlot animals has changed from selling cattle on a live basis to a grid-based marketing system. When cattle are marketed on a live basis, the economic effects of BRD stop at increased health cost and decreased feedlot performance, carcass weight, and death loss. However, when cattle are marketed in a grid-based system, inflammation has the potential to also affect carcass cutability and quality. The effects of inflammation on feedlot cattle in regards to performance are well understood; however, specific effects on cattle growth and ultimately carcass merit are not as well described. Recent studies in feedlot cattle have indicated that the incidence of BRD decreases both HCW and marbling; however, mechanisms are not understood. Research in other species has demonstrated that during the acute phase response, pro-inflammatory cytokines promote skeletal muscle catabolism to supply AA and energy substrates for immune tissues. Further, during this early immune response, the liver changes its metabolic priorities to the production of acute phase proteins for use in host defense. Together these dramatic shifts in systemic metabolism may explain the detrimental effects on performance and carcass traits commonly associated with BRD in feedlot calves. Moreover, recent studies relative to human health have revealed complex multilevel interactions between the metabolic and immune systems, and highlighted inflammation as being a significant contributor to major metabolic diseases. The objective of this paper is to review data to help explain the economical and physiological effects of inflammation on cattle growth and carcass merit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The Effect of a Silage Inoculant on Silage Quality, Aerobic Stability, and Meat Production on Farm Scale.
- Author
-
Aragón, Y. Acosta, Jatkauskas, J., and Vrotniakienė, V.
- Subjects
- *
CORN , *SILAGE , *FOOD quality , *FERMENTATION of feeds , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle , *SILAGE additives , *ORGANIC acids - Abstract
The effect of inoculation on nutrient content, fermentation, aerobic stability, and beef cattle performance for whole-plant corn silage treated with a commercial product (blend of homo- and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, BSM, blend of Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus brevis,DSM numbers 3530, 19457, and 23231, resp.), was compared to a control treatment with no silage additives (CT). The material had a DM of 323 g/kg, crude protein, and water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations of 87.9 and 110.5 g/kg DM, respectively. BSM increased the fermentation rate with a significantly deeper pH (P < 0.01), a significant increase in the total organic acids concentration (P < 0.05), more lactic acid (P < 0.01), and numerically more acetic acid compared to CT. BSM significantly decreased the concentrations of butyric acid (P < 0.01), ethanol, and ammonia-N compared to the CT. BSM-treated silage decreased DM by 3.0 % (P < 0.01) and had a higher digestible energy and a higher metabolizable energy concentration by 2.3 (P < 0.01) and 1.00 % (P < 0.05), respectively, compared to untreated silage. Aerobic stability improved by more than 2 days in BSM silage. The DM intake of silage treated with BSM increased by 6.14 %, and improved weight gain and the feed conversion by 8.0 (P < 0.01) and 3.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Dietary electrolyte balance effects on performance and metabolic characteristics in growing steers.
- Subjects
ACID-base equilibrium ,CATTLE growth ,ELECTROLYTES ,METABOLISM ,PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle - Abstract
The effects of dietary electrolyte balance (DEB; mEq of Na + K - Cl/lOO g of DM) on performance and acid-base status of growing cattle consuming a corn silage-based diet were established using 120 Angus (n = 60) and Angus crossbred (n =60) steers (247 +_ 2.4 kg). Treatments consisting of 0, 15, 30, or 45 mEq of DEB/100 g of DM were obtained by varying NH4Cl and NaHC03. Average daily gain showed a linear increase (P < .05) with increased.DEB for the first 28 d and a quadratic response (P <.05)
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Prepartum body condition and weight influences on reproductive performance of first-calf beef cows.
- Subjects
BEEF cattle weight ,BEEF cattle reproduction ,BEEF cattle physiology ,PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle ,HEIFERS - Abstract
Data were collected on 476 springcalving, primiparous cows at six locations in Louisiana over a 2-yr period. Objectives of the study were toevaluate changes in prepartum body condition score (BCS) and BW of heifers when fed varying energy levels and to determine the influences of prepartum BCS and BW changes and BCS at calving on postpartum traits. Heifers were allocated to one of three energy levels from approximately 90 d prepartum to parturition. The diets were formulated toprovide low.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Performance and forage utilization by beef cattle receiving increasing amounts of alfalfa hay as a supplement to low-quality, tallgrass-prairie forage2.
- Subjects
ALFALFA as feed ,DIETARY supplements ,PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle ,FORAGE plants ,GRAZING - Abstract
The article focuses on two experiments which investigates the impact of alfalfa hay intake by beef steers as a supplement on the cattle performance and forage utilization and compares the result with the performance of cows that are grazing tallgrass prairie during winter. Topics discussed include digestibility of beef cattle, calf weaning and dietary supplements for beef cattle.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. In situ rumen degradation of sweet sorghum silage and the effect on growth performance in Holstein steers.
- Author
-
Wu, C. P., Hsu, T. H., Wu, C. Y., and Hong, H. T.
- Subjects
SORGHUM ,SILAGE ,PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle ,CATTLE growth ,DRY matter in animal nutrition ,CATTLE weight - Abstract
Sweet sorghum is planted during February to October in Taiwan which is great in drought and heat tolerance. For ruminant feeder, using sorghum and fresh corn is a stable way for whole year diet. Results of in situ rumen degradation of sweet sorghum silage showed the rumen dry matter degradability was 17.34 % in 24
th hour, and 37.05 and 40.38 % in 48th and 72th hour, respectively. Only the fiber degradability of sorghum silage need be evaluated further. 20 eighteen-month-old Holstein steers were randomly allocated to two different roughage groups which contained basal diet (corn silage, CS) and sweet sorghum silage (SS) group with 7: 3 of roughage and concentrate in the diet. The animal trial was conducted in April to October, 2021. Feed intake and residues were recorded every day, and body weight of steers were measured per two week. Results showed the average body weight of steers was 539.50 ± 23.92 kg in CS, and 601.00 ± 36.48 kg in SS. Daily body weight gain in SS was 0.88 kg which was higher than in CS. Dry matter intake of steers were 8.97 and 10.32 kg per day in CS and SS, respectively. There was great FCR in SS (11.71). To sum up, using sorghum silage was beneficial on daily weight gain, feed intake and FCR in steers during finishing period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
20. Smaller cows produce more profitable steers.
- Author
-
Newport, Alan
- Subjects
COWS ,BEEF quality ,PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle ,PRICES - Abstract
The article reports that according to the study conducted by the researchers at Dickinson Research Extension Center, North Dakota, small cows produce more profitable steers as they produce quality fed beef, are cost effective, and have cheaper dams.
- Published
- 2017
21. 2016-17 Alabama Pasture to Rail: An Educational Retained Ownership Program for Alabama Cattle Producers.
- Author
-
Tigue, D A, Kriese-Anderson, L A, and Bratcher, C L
- Subjects
- *
FEEDLOTS , *BEEF carcasses , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle - Abstract
The Alabama Pasture to Rail Program gives cattle producers across the state an opportunity to retain ownership of a portion of their calf crop and received feedlot performance, health and carcass data. Three loads of cattle (n=208) were assembled from sixteen farms across the state and shipped to a commercial feedlot in western Kansas beginning in Autumn 2016. Shipments occurred in October (n=69 calves), November (n=68 calves) and January (n=71 calves). Prior to shipment, calves were weighed (initial weight=311.91 ± 46.71 kg), graded, and assigned a value based on local market prices that week. Upon arrival at the feedyard, calves were processed and sorted into two harvest groups per load. Overall, calves averaged 1.41 ± 0.38 kg/d ADG, 90.92 ± 12.73 cm2 Ribeye Area (REA), 1.43 ± 0.52 cm Backfat Thickness (BF), 366.14 ± 45.60 kg Hot Carcass Weight (HCW), and a 451.49 ± 83.59 Marbling Score (MS), with 81.50% grading Choice or Higher (n=163) and 94.50% Yield Grade 3 or Lower (n=189). Health was a major issue, as 18.75% (n=39) of calves were pulled and treated and death-loss was at 3.85% (n=8). Performance data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS. Sex, Shipment Month, Farm, and Number of times Treated all had a statistically significant effect on Final ADG, HCW, BF, and REA(P<0.05), other than Sex vs. BF (P=0.29) and Shipment Month vs. REA (P=0.40). Only Farm had a significant effect on MS (P<0.05). Calculated YG was effected significantly by both Farm and Shipment Month (P<0.05). At the conclusion of the program, each producer received a summary of the performance of the calves on the truckload which their calves shipped, the individual data for all of their calves, payment for the calves based on a grid pricing system, and an individual analysis of the performance of their calves and how they might improve them in the future. Additionally, producers were asked to complete a survey on their satisfaction with the program and how they intend to use the data in the future. 9 of the 16 producers completed and returned these surveys. On a scale from 1 to 5 (5 being excellent), producers were asked to rank their satisfaction with the overall program (3.78), shipping protocols (4.11), data and summaries (4.11), and performance of their cattle (3.44). Producers that scored the overall satisfaction low also seemed to score their satisfaction with animal performance as low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Beef Improvement Federation elects new leadership.
- Subjects
PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle ,LEADERSHIP - Published
- 2019
23. Maximizing Use of Extension Beef Cattle Benchmarks Data Derived from Cow Herd Appraisal Performance Software.
- Author
-
Ramsay, Jennifer M., Hulsman Hanna, Lauren L., and Ringwall, Kris A.
- Subjects
PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle ,BEEF cattle farming ,PERFORMANCE management software ,MANAGEMENT - Abstract
One goal of Extension is to provide practical information that makes a difference to producers. Cow Herd Appraisal Performance Software (CHAPS) has provided beef producers with production benchmarks for 30 years, creating a large historical data set. Many such large data sets contain useful information but are underutilized. Our goal was to create a 20-year data set (CHAPS20Y) to examine trends in beef production from 1994 to 2013. In this article, we describe the CHAPS program and the process used to select herds for CHAPS20Y. We hope to publish additional related articles that will examine trends in calving distributions, reproduction, and growth and discuss implications for producers and Extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Increasing ruminant feed efficiency.
- Author
-
Tuck, Kevin
- Subjects
BEEF cattle weight ,PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle ,RUMINANT nutrition ,RUMEN (Ruminants) ,RUMEN fermentation ,COST effectiveness ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
The article focuses on feed efficiency as the largest cost factor in animal production system. It says that feeding beef animals for healthy rumen may enhance rumen microbes' activity that would result to improved feed efficiency and intake. It states that live yeast product may increase weight gain due to efficient rumen, wherein unhealthy rumen may result to irritated gut. It mentions that ammonia requirement of rumens ensure microbial proteins' production and then converted into weight gain.
- Published
- 2012
25. EPDs plus: Purebreeder sees more value in performance data.
- Author
-
STALCUP, LARRY
- Subjects
BEEF cattle breeding ,PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle ,SIMBRAH cattle ,CATTLE quality ,BEEF carcasses ,BEEF cattle ,CATTLE genetics ,CATTLE & climate - Abstract
The article discusses the use of expected progeny differences (EPDs) as a tool for selecting performance traits for beef cattle breeding, including the views of cattle seedstock operator Bill Travis of the Pine Ridge Ranch in Texas. It is noted that Travis breeds Simbrah cattle, a Brahman-Simmental cross able to tolerate hot and humid weather and produce quality carcasses. Other methods used by Travis for breeding research are mentioned, including DNA testing, ultrasound, and cowboy evaluation.
- Published
- 2015
26. Don't be afraid of money in the bank -- or in the soil.
- Author
-
DAVIS, WALT
- Subjects
COW-calf system ,BEEF cattle breeding ,PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle ,BEEF cattle ,CORPORATE profits ,FORAGE plant yield ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
In this article, the author reflects on the relation between income and investment in the cow-calf business. Topics discussed include profits in the cattle industry and cow-calf business, the need of implementing cattle management program for incurring profits in the business and the need of monitoring animal performance and forage in order to balance the forage demand and supply.
- Published
- 2014
27. Data collection is key to better flock quality.
- Author
-
Alderton, Sarah
- Subjects
- *
PERFORMANCE records of cattle , *PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle , *LIVESTOCK farms , *FARM management - Abstract
The article looks at the operation at farmer Campbell Tweed's 670-hectare upland farm in County Atrium, Northern Ireland. Topics discussed include how performance recording helped accelerate genetic progress and output at his livestock farm, recording of both terminal and material traits to get good female performance and performance recording replacing a traditional Scottish Blackface and Colbred-cross flock.
- Published
- 2014
28. Double-down on bull and cow efficiency with ranking system.
- Author
-
NEWPORT, ALAN
- Subjects
BULL testing ,BULL weight ,BEEF cattle ,BEEF cattle weight ,PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle ,HEALTH - Abstract
The article focuses on the views of ranching consultant Johann Zietsman on the use of ranking system for yearling bulls in order to increase profitability of cattle business. Topics discussed include the use of the standard frame score charts from the Beef Improvement Federation, the ranking of yearling bulls by weight helps in measuring efficiency and rapidity of growth and the use of DNA parentage testing to select most prolific breeder.
- Published
- 2014
29. Five Consultants Prognosticate The Future Of The Cattle Business.
- Subjects
BEEF industry ,BEEF cattle feeding & feeds ,FEED utilization efficiency of cattle ,PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle ,BEEF quality - Abstract
The article offers insights and trends in the U.S. beef industry from several nutrition experts. Bill Dicke of Lincoln, Nebraska notes that U.S. cattle feeding will remain profitable while crop producers are shifting to the livestock business due to lower margins in the farming sector. Dave McClellan of Fremont, Nebraska cites the negative impact of poor-quality feed on cattle performance in terms of average daily gain.
- Published
- 2014
30. Cattle On Feed, Placements, Marketing -- All Lower Than Expected.
- Author
-
Ishmael, Wes
- Subjects
PERFORMANCE records for beef cattle ,LIVESTOCK marketing ,CATTLE exports & imports - Abstract
The article discusses the U.S. Department of Agriculture's monthly Cattle on Feed report released October 19, 2012, which showed a decline in the cattle-on-feed inventory, placements and marketing in the whole month of September. According to Oklahoma State University Extension livestock marketing specialist Derrell Peel, the decline was caused in part by the steep decline in Mexican cattle imports.
- Published
- 2012
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