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After being founded in 1963, the Fédération Sportive des Handicapés Physiques de France (FSHPF) began a timid move towards regional structuring, with the creation of a Comité Régional Lyonnais-Forez-Dauphiné-Savoie (CR-LFDS) – alongside that of Ⓘle-de-France – in 1965. From 1968 onwards, the strengthening of links with the French State Department for Youth and Sport helped to accentuate this movement. The FSHPF, renamed the FFSHP in 1968, finally obtained a delegation of powers from this department on 20 June 1972. This article looks at the conditions and reasons for this accelerated recognition by the State. It puts forward the hypothesis that it was paradoxically the result of the crisis that led to the split into two federal organisations in early 1972 (the FFSHP and the FFOHP, created on the initiative of the president of the CR-LFDS). This hypothesis is explored by crossing the archives of the Department of State for Youth and Sport and those of the two rival federations (as well as testimonies collected from the leaders of the time). These archives shed light on the tensions generated in the early 1970s by the organisation of international sporting events and the desire to control the development of a growing sport for the physically disabled. In 1971–1972, the crisis that erupted around the organisation of the "World Winter Games" helped the FFSHP gain the status of a delegated federation, a prerequisite for its entry into the French National Olympic and Sports Committee (CNOSF) in 1973 and the secondment of technical advisors by the State (1976). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the effect of different dual-task (DT) training programs on DT interference in adults with intellectual disability. Center-of-pressure (CoP) mean velocity in single-task (ST) and cognitive-DT conditions and the Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUGT) during ST, cognitive-DT, and motor-DT conditions were assessed before and after intervention in a cognitive–motor training group, a motor–motor training group, and a control group. Before training, CoP mean velocity and TUGT time increased (p <.001) in DT compared with the ST condition. After training, the CoP mean velocity values remained unchanged (p =.07) in DT compared with the ST condition among the cognitive–motor training group. Furthermore, compared with the ST condition, no increase (p = 1) was reported in the TUGT time during the cognitive-DT condition for the cognitive–motor training group and during the motor-DT for the motor–motor training group (p =.12). The effect of DT training on DT interference depends on the training modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To prospectively examine the association between physical fitness and risk of disability retirement in a large population-based cohort. Methods: This study utilized data from Health 2011 survey Physical Activity subsample (n = 4898), combined with information on disability retirement derived from 2 national registers. In total, 2455 individuals aged 18–74 years underwent the physical fitness test protocol concerning measures of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and balance. The outcome variable was disability retirement, during the follow-up period of 9 years. After excluding those not at risk of disability retirement (ie, age ≥63 y) or who had already been granted disability pension, and those who had not completed the fitness protocol, the analytical sample included 1381 participants. Data were analyzed using Cox regression model with SPSS (version 29). Results: During the 9-year follow-up period, 61 individuals (4.4%) transitioned to a disability retirement. Cox regression analysis showed an association between the various physical fitness subdomains and the risk of disability retirement. In model 1, all fitness tests were associated with the risk of disability retirement, except the one-leg stand test with hazard ratios ranging from 1.69 (95% CI, 0.86–3.34) to 5.75 (95% CI, 1.84–17.90). Further adjustment for sociodemographic, health behavior, and health-related covariates attenuated the associations and statistical significance was lost, except for the vertical jump test (hazard ratio = 4.33; 95% CI, 1.32–14.10) and 6-minute walk test (hazard ratio = 3.81; 95% CI, 1.35–10.70). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of physical fitness for preventing work disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the subjective inclusion experiences of visually impaired (VI) adult tennis players from an ableism-critical perspective. The primary focus of this research is the inclusive potential of blind tennis from the perspective of VI individuals. Episodic interviews were conducted to capture subjective perspectives. A qualitative text analysis revealed that the interviewees were confronted with multiple ability assumptions by sighted people in their everyday lives. Deficit notions on the performance of VI people included sports, work, and general activities. Participation in blind tennis helped the interviewees build a "competent identity" and acquire various skills useful for their everyday lives as participation in blind tennis was a pathway for competence in sports. Further research is needed to identify exclusion experiences from the perspective of disabled people to recognize the potential of different sports in reducing barriers to participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disability is a basic human condition that affects a significant proportion of the world's population, yet many disability- and accessibility-relevant issues remain pressing and insufficiently addressed. With three experiments, the current research investigates potential reasons for why marketplace disability accessibility has not been universally accepted. Potential barriers to greater accessibility in marketplaces may arise because such efforts appear at odds with other salient priorities, at micro (i.e. consumer) and macro (i.e. firm, policy, or societal) levels. In the proposed framework and resulting experiments, micro-level trade-offs prompt perceptions of personal cost and macro-level trade-offs prompt perceptions of firm morality. In turn, these perceptions mediate firm evaluations, showing that consumers at baseline respond negatively to accessibility. Critically, however, several practical interventions emerge from these processes. Marketers can mitigate consumers' negative responses to accessibility by employing simple framing choices such as emphasizing who benefits or noting what the purpose of the offering is. By demonstrating one way to better understand perceptions of the full spectrum of the consumer population, this research provides pathways for consumer researchers to further delve into disability-related research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current physical activity guidelines recommend engagement in strength activities at least 2 days per week. Currently, there is a lack of literature examining strength activities among people with disabilities. The purpose of this study is to estimate and compare the prevalence of engagement in strength activities and adherence to strength activity guidelines among adults with and without disabilities in the United States. Methods: A total of 1,005,644 adults (18–80 y old) with and without disabilities from the 2013 to 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were included in this secondary data analysis. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the prevalence of strength activity behaviors of adults with and without disabilities. Logistic and Poisson regression models were performed to evaluate the relative contribution of disability status on strength activity behaviors. Results: A higher proportion of participants without disabilities (46.42%, 95% CI, 46.18–46.65) reported engaging in strength activities compared with participants with disabilities (30.68%, 95% CI, 30.29–31.08; P <.01). Participants with disabilities were less likely to engage in strength activities (odds ratio = 0.51, 95% CI, 0.50–0.52; adjusted odds ratio = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.73–0.77) and meet strength activity guidelines (odds ratio = 0.56, 95% CI, 0.54–0.57; adjusted odds ratio = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.73–0.77) than participants without disabilities. Conclusion: Experiencing a disability is associated with lower engagement in strength activities; thus, it is important to identify effective and efficient approaches to promoting strength activities among people with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with disabilities are often targets for exploitation. Persons with disabilities subject to guardianship require additional planning protections to safeguard them from financial predation. This article reviews the literature on this topic and identifies key areas of concern that financial advisors should address to protect this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon value theory, this study investigates both the enabling and disabling features of marketplaces for consumers in the disability market. Analysis of longitudinal qualitative data collected before and after the introduction of a new disability service provision scheme in Australia offer empirical evidence of such marketplaces that are both creating and destroying value for people with disability and their carers. In some instances, value creation and destruction can co-occur for individual consumers. These empirical insights lead to a theoretical conceptualisation of the marketplace as not being wholly disabling, but rather consisting of disabling and enabling factors. Understanding these factors allows service providers and policy makers to make adjustments in view of maximising value creation and minimising value destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the Capability Approach (CA) as a means of identifying the barriers that individuals with disabilities face in achieving their goals, this conceptual paper aims to provoke discussion and identify how society excludes and marginalises individuals with disabilities. As framed through the lens of consumer vulnerability, reimagining how society, policy makers and the market can transform lived experiences, representation and symbolism of disability, this paper calls for a coherent and integrated set of actions. Central to these actions is a proposal for a transformative approach to marketplace access as a coordinated force to deliver positive change for people with disabilities. Through developing a new conceptual way of how the market should engage with disability, this paper presents proposals looking to ensure individuals with disabilities experience the conditions in which they can pursue their ultimate ends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the perceptions and experiences of collaboration between teachers of physical education (n = 3) and special educators (n = 3) on teaching pupils with disabilities. Using a qualitative approach, the study seeks to establish the nature and extent of collaboration among these teachers and to identify the benefits and barriers to implementation. Semistructured interviews were used as the main data source. Data were collected from teachers working in the public school system in the southern part of Finland. The findings indicate that while teachers are mostly aware of the value of collaboration, its implementation varies immensely among the different schools. While the special educators in this study see themselves mainly responsible for supporting pupils with disabilities, the physical education teachers showed a strong commitment to the subject matter of their teaching. Participants also reported several challenges relating to time constraints, a lack of classroom support, and a shared vision of inclusive teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review synthesized the literature on digital health interventions for the promotion of physical activity (PA) among people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism. From an initial screening of 553 records, 10 studies underwent full-text review. Data were extracted relating to study, intervention, and sample characteristics and PA-related findings. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. There were mixed findings pertaining to the effectiveness of digital health interventions for promoting PA among these populations. Positive results were reported for three of five active-video-game interventions, two of three social-media-based interventions, and one of two e-learning/multicomponent interventions. Digital health interventions can potentially be effective for promoting PA among people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism. However, the large variation in the samples and intervention types and a reliance on pre- and quasi-experimental research designs suggest that inferences should be made with caution and additional research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Sedation is commonly utilized for individuals otherwise unable to receive dental treatment, such as those with disabilities, medically complex conditions, and dentophobics. The aim was to characterize the profiles of patients receiving various types of sedation and assess the corresponding success rates. Method and materials: This was a 5-year records-based retrospective study. Data regarding the indication for sedation, medical history, sedation type, and treatments performed were recorded. Results: In total, 103 patients underwent 389 treatment sessions under sedation; 42.7% of the patients were disabled. The most commonly administered sedation was moderate sedation, (49.4%), followed by deep (36.8%) and inhaled sedation (13.9%). Successful treatment results were achieved in 96.1% of sessions, with no adverse effects noted during recovery. The high success rates were independent of patient age, sex, and sedation type. There was a positive association between the indication for sedation and the type of sedation. The medically complex patients and the dentophobic patients received mainly moderate sedation (85.3% and 58.2%, respectively), whereas the disabled patients received deep sedation (51.2%). In total, 94% of patients were returning (revisiting) patients. A statistically significant association was found between the type of sedation administered and the success rate during the first and last sessions (P< .001). The success rate at the first session may be predictive of the success in subsequent sessions. Conclusion: A significant positive correlation was found between patient characteristics and the chosen sedation type leading to a high success rate across the various sedation modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with physical disabilities (PWD) participate in less physical activity than people without physical disabilities (PWoD), which increases the risk for several negative health consequences. Comparing physical activity between PWD and PWoD remains a challenge since no reliable and valid survey exists to measure physical activity in both populations. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was adapted to be inclusive of PWD using a recently developed survey adaption framework; however, the adapted IPAQ has not been assessed for reliability and validity. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the adapted IPAQ. Methods: To assess test–retest reliability, the adapted IPAQ was completed twice within a 72-hour period by 172 individuals (PWD: n = 102, PWoD: n = 70) and compared using intraclass correlation coefficients. Using Spearman rho, convergent validity and construct validity were assessed in 62 individuals by comparing the adapted IPAQ against the original instrument and activity monitor measured step count, respectively. Results: The adapted IPAQ demonstrated moderate test–retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients of total scores for the total sample of.690 (95% confidence interval [CI].581–.770) and among subgroup analysis (PWD,.640, 95% CI,.457–.761; PWoD,.758, 95% CI,.610–.850). Correlation coefficients were also good for the assessment of convergent validity of total score (.727; 95% CI,.579–.829; P <.001). Construct validity assessment yielded moderate coefficient (.406; 95% CI,.166–.596; P =.001). Conclusions: The adapted IPAQ demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity and is appropriate for use in PWD and PWoD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although physical activity (PA) is an important determinant of health, physically disabled individuals tend to have a sedentary lifestyle. The Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments (BPAQ-MI) is a self-report instrument evaluating PA barriers. This study was intended to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of BPAQ-MI (P-BPAQ-MI) and to report the prevalence and severity of PA barriers among Persian-speaking individuals. Methods: The translation and back translation of the BPAQ-MI was conducted according to an internationally accepted guideline and tested on 163 participants to assess its reliability and validity. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were analyzed using Cronbach alpha and Spearman correlation coefficient. Convergent construct validity was established by comparing the scores of P-BPAQ-MI and The Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire. Known-groups construct validity was assessed with regard to type of assistive device and sex of the individual. Prevalence and severity of the barriers were reported by computing the percentage and means of "yes" answers. Results: The P-BPAQ-MI domains demonstrated very good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha of.77–.95) and excellent test–retest reliability (Spearman rho of.73–.96) with a significant inverse small correlation with Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire indexes. The P-BPAQ-MI successfully discriminated between individuals with different assistive devices and sex. Community Built Environment barriers were the most prevalent and severe. Conclusions: The P-BPAQ-MI is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the PA barriers of people with physical disability. The community barriers were the most frequently reported obstacles to PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine the feasibility and utility of the Fitbit Charge HR to estimate physical activity among ambulatory children and youth with disabilities. Method: Participants (4–17 y old) with disabilities were recruited and asked to wear a Fitbit for 28 days. Feasibility was assessed as the number of participants who adhered to the 28-day protocol. Heat maps were generated to visually examine variability in step count by age, gender, and disability group. Between-group differences for wear time and step counts by age, gender, and disability type were assessed by independent sample t tests for gender and disability group, and a 1-way analysis of variance for age group. Results: Participants (N = 157; median age = 10 y; 71% boys; 71% nonphysical disabilities) averaged 21 valid days of wear time. Wear time was higher in girls than boys (mean difference = 18.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.8 to 29.1), and in preadolescents (mean difference = 27.6; 95% CI, 15.5 to 39.7) and adolescents (mean difference = −21.2; 95% CI, −33.6 to −8.7) than children. More daily steps were taken by boys than girls (mean difference = −1040; 95% CI, −1465 to −615) and individuals with a nonphysical disability than a physical disability (mean difference = −1120; 95% CI, −1474 to −765). The heat maps showed peaks in physical activity on weekdays before school, at recess, lunchtime, and after school. Conclusion: The Fitbit is a feasible tool for monitoring physical activity among ambulatory children and youth with disabilities and may be useful for population-level surveillance and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying factors that influence physical activity (PA) among individuals with Down syndrome is essential for PA promotion. Insight can be gained from guardians and health professionals. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of guardians and health professionals on facilitators and barriers of PA in individuals with Down syndrome. Interviews were conducted with 11 guardians (five mothers, four fathers, and two legal guardians) and 11 professionals (four PA specialists, three physical therapists, and four occupational therapists). Grounded theory was applied. Barriers and facilitators fit the levels of the ecological model of health behavior: (a) intrapersonal (perceived rewards), (b) interpersonal (interaction), (c) community (availability of programs), (d) organizational (school systems), and (e) policy (education). Guardians and professionals agreed on the importance of enjoyment, interaction, and programs to promote PA. Differences between groups were identified at the organizational and policy levels. PA in persons with Down syndrome is influenced by interactions between individual and environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the association between socioecological factors and outdoor physical activity (PA) and play in children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents (N = 133) completed a survey to report changes in their child's outdoor PA and play during the pandemic (from prepandemic levels), and child, household, and neighborhood environment factors. Children with a PA-supporting parent and from multichild and White households had lower odds of reporting decreased outdoor PA. Children from multichild, higher income, married couple households and a PA-supporting parent had lower odds of decreased outdoor play. Living in neighborhoods with higher urbanization (i.e., high dwelling density, street intersections, and land-use mix) was associated with greater odds of decreased outdoor PA and play. Future research that uses larger and more representative samples of children with disabilities is needed to test for the multivariate effects of socioecological variables on outdoor PA and play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do advertising trade press and association resources advise practitioners on considering disabilities in advertising work? What does the industry think are effective practices for taking disabilities into account fairly and respectfully? This article answers these questions by closely reading prominent industry articles and multimedia materials focused on recommendations regarding how to take disabilities into account in advertising work. Using critical disability scholars' critiques of the advertising industry's considerations of disability as a guide, critical discourse analysis was applied to trade articles and multimedia materials published between 2018 and early 2023 by the Association of National Advertisers (ANA), Adweek, and Ad Age, all leading advertising industry trade publishers among U.S. advertising practitioners. These analyses present some emergent themes about what the industry tells itself are the effective practices to represent disabilities and reach and include people with disabilities. Careful attention is paid to the similarities and gaps between industry recommendations and scholarly and activist guidelines to see where the industry sees itself in its journey of disability diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relations and dynamics between influencers, brands and marketers, social media digital platforms and consumers are indeed complex and can be analysed through the contrasting perspectives of parasitism and symbiosis. The influencer marketing symbiosis/parasitism framework One unique way of looking at the relationship between influencers, marketers and brands, consumers and social media platforms is to consider who is exploiting whom and to what ends. Recent contributions in this regard include special issues and sections in advertising scholarship that explore the efficacy and consumption of influencer marketing (Hudders & Lou, [46]) and how advertisers can best leverage influencers (Rosengren & Campbell, [93]), with in press special issues in business and marketing dedicated to examining virtual influencers (Koles et al., [60]), implications of influencers and influencer marketing for consumers and society (Mardon et al., [74]) and the ways influencers can be leveraged for the "greater good" to encourage sustainable and pro-social behaviours (Gerrath et al., [40]). In academic marketing research, the abundance of scholarly work to date centres on practical aspects of influencer marketing: how brands can profit from influencers (Hughes et al., [47]; Ki & Kim, [58]; Leung et al., [67]; Lou & Yuan, [70]; Martínez-López et al., [76]; Reinikainen et al., [91]), the functional components of influencer marketing (Brooks et al., [19]; Campbell & Farrell, [23]), roles and categorisations of influencers (Ouvrein et al., [84]; Rundin & Colliander, [94]), disclosure implications in influencer marketing (Audrezet & Charry, [10]; Chen et al., [26]; De Jans & Hudders, [29]; Giuffredi-Kähr et al., [42]; Karagür et al., [54]), and consumer perceptions of influencers (De Veirman et al., [30]; Lee & Eastin, [64]; Yuan & Lou, [114]). [Extracted from the article]

Disability is one of the largest minority groups, with a spending power of approximately £273bn every year. Consequently, many advertisers are now weaving people with disabilities into brand narratives. These narratives often evoke feelings of pity or portray people with disabilities as inspiring, solely or in part on the basis of their disability. Meanwhile, social media has emerged as a vessel for social change. Through the netnographic study of twelve influencers with visible impairments, complex personhood is proposed as a social ontology by which disabled lives are acknowledged in less confined terms. Our findings illustrate how social media influencers with disabilities may draw on narratives based on empowerment, playfulness, resistance, and responsibility to present themselves as neither victims nor superhuman agents but as complex human beings. We thus bring forward a complex model in market-mediated representations of disability, beyond the misrepresentational narratives based on pity and 'inspiration porn'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Special Education & Rehabilitation (2314-8608) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This phenomenological study's purpose was to describe the experiences of PWD learners in the conduct of face-toface classes after the COVID-19 pandemic in General Santos City for the school year 2022-2023. The study utilized a qualitative research design using a phenomenological approach, with 10 Junior and Senior High School learners with disability chosen through purposive sampling. Thematic content analysis was used as a data analysis tool. Considering the collected data, it revealed that the PWD learners were excited in the reopening of classes, selfdetermined and persevered, as well as experienced culture-shock during participation in limited face-to-face classes. Moreover, the themes for their coping strategies with various difficulties throughout their participation in limited face-to-face class were having a strong support system, having a positive mindset, and being adaptable to sudden change. Additionally, being a conqueror, being victorious amidst pandemic, and being a role model to others were the themes that resulted from the insights they shared for other learners with disabilities and to the academic community. Nevertheless, it was found out that all learners with disabilities were victorious amidst the pandemic. They conquered the challenges during the limited face-to-face classes and still were exhilarated to participate in the progressive inperson classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To understand the perceptions and meaning of the experience of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) when participating in a telerehabilitation protocol during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a qualitative descriptive analytical study with a phenomenological basis, regarding the individuals' perceptions of telerehabilitation. The interviews were conducted by a semi-structured interview guide and carried out via recorded phone calls, which were later transcribed, categorized, and analyzed based on the principles of phenomenology according to the propositions of Martins and Bicudo. Results: From the qualitative analysis, four themes that configure the structure of the phenomenon emerged: 1) Expectations regarding physical therapy through telerehabilitation during the pandemic; 2) Experiences of the new routine; 3) Perceptions about oneself in the light of the proposed telerehabilitation program; 4) A view of the protocol. Conclusion: Apprehension and fear were present during the implementation of the protocol, however, previous experience with face-to-face physical therapy and the team allowed feelings of happiness, contentment, welcomeness, and satisfaction with the possibility of resuming the activities. The individuals actively participated in the program with commitment and co-responsibility, but the lack of physical contact, limited equipment, and constant concern for the safety and individuality of the participants must be emphasized. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The use of telerehabilitation was a necessary therapeutic alternative during the COVID-19 pandemic period and has currently been consolidated as a complementary resource in the treatment of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). The perceptions of people with PD who have experienced telerehabilitation treatment can influence clinical decision-making regarding the use of this tool in this population. Telerehabilitation is useful when distance separates the patient from the healthcare team, it reduces travel time and expenses and can intensify the amount of treatment. According to our interpretation, telerehabilitation requires a good internet connection and restricts physical contact, so hybrid use of rehabilitation modalities (in-person and remote) could be an interesting option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This scoping literature review aimed to determine the definition of dignity in relation to disability. It also examined the extent to which inclusive research methods have been used to develop working definitions. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in five electronic databases, using a modified framework by Arksey and O'Malley. Narrative synthesis and qualitative content analysis were employed to examine definitions of dignity and the use of inclusive research methods. Results: 22 peer-reviewed studies were included. The majority of the studies were qualitative (72.72%) and examined various disability populations in diverse settings. Although 19 studies offered a definition of dignity, there was no clear consensus. Dignity was frequently defined from a utilitarian perspective, emphasising affordances and barriers. However, engagement with theoretical constructs was superficial and limited. Further, no studies mentioned the use of inclusive research methods. Conclusions: The absence of inclusive research methods hinders the development of a comprehensive definition of dignity that is accepted by and relevant to people with disability. Engaging with both theoretical and empirical perspectives of dignity is crucial to develop a meaningful and inclusive definition, which can inform interventions and policies that enhance dignity for people with disability across diverse settings and contexts. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The adoption of inclusive research methods in disability research should be a priority for rehabilitation researchers and clinicians to better shape research agendas, study design, and outcomes. The absence of inclusive research methods hinders the development of a comprehensive definition of dignity that is accepted by and relevant to people with disability The findings emphasise the need to address dignity concerns within healthcare settings for people with disability. Rehabilitation practitioners can advocate for person-centered approaches, improved communication and increased accessibility to create dignified healthcare environments. Rehabilitation researchers and practitioners can play a pivotal role in advocating for social justice and equity by supporting policies and interventions that foster inclusive practices, dignity, and equitable opportunities for people with disability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lived experiences with urban heat are often rendered invisible, shrouded under the cloak of neoliberal resilience discourse and sanitised heat mapping and messaging. This is particularly tragic for disadvantaged at‐risk populations in white, settler colonial contexts where heat tolerance is worn as a badge of honour. Here, drawing upon semi‐structured interviews and focus group discussions in Perth, Western Australia, and with feminist emphasis on the embodied, the everyday, and bodily difference, we illustrate how corporeal thermal insecurities among rough sleepers, people with disabilities, and across intersectional disenfranchisement immobilise and dehumanise. By employing the logic of structures of violence to thermal suffering, we reveal how housing and energy precarity exacerbate entrenched racism and normalised discrimination. Our aim is to expand current debates on heat action plans (HAPs) and cool refuges by examining what “better weathering” could mean in practice, via the materialities of heated urban bodies (HUBs) and to demonstrate how such counter‐hegemonic heat mapping serves as a corporeal critique of the neoliberal resilient subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Africa has progressively established good healthcare policies and actively promotes the rights of people with disabilities. However, as the healthcare sector is moving towards value‐based care to achieve universal health coverage, it remains unclear whether South African rehabilitation policies provide sufficient guidance for delivering value‐based rehabilitation services for people with disabilities. This article attempts to ascertain whether the content of South African rehabilitation policies is aligned with value‐based care. Rehabilitation policies were identified through a literature search (including grey literature) and discussions with stakeholders in the health policy field. A framework for value‐based care was created for deductive policy content analysis. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to describe the content that correlates with the framework's components. The National Rehabilitation Policy and the Framework and Strategy for Disability and Rehabilitation Services were included in this study. Both documents aligned with the value‐based framework, however, various barriers in South Africa challenge value‐based rehabilitation services. We conclude that South Africa's rehabilitation policies can guide value‐based rehabilitation services. However, these policies need to be operationalized and supported by empirical data on disability and rehabilitation services. A concerted effort is required from the government to ensure the allocation of resources for the implementation of policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to review the previous literature to analyze scientific research published in peer-reviewed scientific journals in Arabic and English, during the period from 2013 to 2023 AD. This is about the impact of inclusive education practices on students' self-esteem and sense of belonging in the classroom and the school community. In searching for relevant literature, the two researchers used the following databases: Dar Al-Mandurah, Eric,Google scholar, and then the literature was reviewed and analyzed The results of the study showed that the impact of inclusive education practices on students' self-esteem was positive and that the impact of inclusive education practices on students' sense of belonging varied between positive and negative, The results also revealed the existence of challenges facing students in inclusive education However, the presence of positive outputs resulting from comprehensive education urges specialists to face these challenges and continue working. The researchers recommended that the need still exists to conduct more studies about the impact of inclusive education on self-esteem and students' sense of belonging to the classroom and the school community Work on building standards to assess the quality of research published in Arabic language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONRacial and ethnic minoritized children and youth with disabilities participate less often in structured leisure activities compared to their white peers and yet, little is known about the role of race/ethnicity in their participation. The purpose of this review was to understand the role of race/ethnicity in leisure participation of children and youth with disabilities.We systematically assessed peer-reviewed studies published from 2000 to 2023 in six international databases. We independently screened and identified thirteen studies meeting our inclusion criteria.Three themes emerged from our findings: (1) rates of leisure participation; (2) factors affecting leisure participation (i.e., ableism and racism; fear of harassment and safety; systemic factors; disability-related factors and intersectional factors); and (3) benefits and impact of culture on leisure participation (i.e., perceived benefits of leisure participation; perceived constraints of leisure participation; parents’ advocacy; importance of family participation).Findings revealed how disability and racial discrimination, systemic factors, cultural preferences, and availability of financial resources all shape leisure experiences and rate of participation for racial/ethnic minoritized children and youth with disabilities. Future research should explore the impact of culture on leisure participation in more depth.Understanding what leisure means to racial/ethnic minoritized parents of children with disabilities could help pediatric rehabilitation therapists to facilitate meaningful and culturally sensitive leisure programs.A multi-faceted approach is needed to improve leisure participation of racial/ethnic minoritized children and youth with disabilities, which involves parents/caregivers, leisure providers, community stakeholders, and children and youth with disabilities.Rehabilitation clinicians and recreational therapists should consider designing new or adapting existing leisure programs that align with the culture and preferences of racial/ethnic minoritized children and youth with disabilities to support their participation.Understanding what leisure means to racial/ethnic minoritized parents of children with disabilities could help pediatric rehabilitation therapists to facilitate meaningful and culturally sensitive leisure programs.A multi-faceted approach is needed to improve leisure participation of racial/ethnic minoritized children and youth with disabilities, which involves parents/caregivers, leisure providers, community stakeholders, and children and youth with disabilities.Rehabilitation clinicians and recreational therapists should consider designing new or adapting existing leisure programs that align with the culture and preferences of racial/ethnic minoritized children and youth with disabilities to support their participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

\nLAY SUMMARYAcademic writing is a complex task involving microstructure (linguistic-level) and macrostructure (coherence structure) indices. Our goal was to examine the contribution of an academic writing intervention programme among students with intellectual disability at the microstructure and macrostructure levels while characterising the learning curves. Six students with mild intellectual disability studying for a BA (MCA = 30.43, MIQ = 69.17) participated in a spiral intervention programme of 32 lessons focusing on improving paragraph complexity and text structure measured at five time-points. Microstructure improvement in number of words, sentences, paragraphs, words per paragraph, lexical density, adjectives along with macrostructure improvement in text-paragraph structure, global-local linkage were found. A rapid increase in macrostructure indices was observed between the first and second testing points, after which a ceiling effect was reached. Concurrently, microstructure indices demonstrated a slower, more gradual learning curve throughout the intervention period. The discussion will focus on the improvement patterns in microstructure–macrostructure indices and the various learning curves observed. It explores the implications of these findings for cognitive modifiability in adults with intellectual disability and the potential of tailored academic writing interventions in post-secondary education programmes. A long-term, spiral intervention programme was effective at improving academic writing skills that require high cognitive involvement among individuals with intellectual disabilities in microstructure and macrostructure indices.Different types of linear learning curves showed a rapid increase in macrostructure indices, alongside a mixed rate of improvement in microstructure indices.The participants' thinking skills improved from focused thinking to transcendental thinking following the Structural Cognitive Modifiability (Feuerstein, 2003).The results can be explained via the Compensatory Trajectory theory (Lifshitz, 2020; 2015) which claims that chronological age plays an important role in determining the cognitive level and ability in adults with intellectual disabilities.A long-term, spiral intervention programme was effective at improving academic writing skills that require high cognitive involvement among individuals with intellectual disabilities in microstructure and macrostructure indices.Different types of linear learning curves showed a rapid increase in macrostructure indices, alongside a mixed rate of improvement in microstructure indices.The participants' thinking skills improved from focused thinking to transcendental thinking following the Structural Cognitive Modifiability (Feuerstein, 2003).The results can be explained via the Compensatory Trajectory theory (Lifshitz, 2020; 2015) which claims that chronological age plays an important role in determining the cognitive level and ability in adults with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to analyze the historical trends of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) burden in the elderly from 1990 to 2021 and forecast future trends up to 2051. Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were utilized. Age-standardized rates (ASR) for incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were computed to quantify temporal trends. A Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort model was employed to project future trends. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the global number of elderly IBD increased from 573,500 to 1,278,190. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) rose from 8.01 to 8.77 per 100,000, while the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) slightly decreased from 118.14 to 117.29 per 100,000. Death number increased from 14,400 to 33,490, but the age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 3.21 to 2.84 per 100,000. DALYs increased from 324,100 to 683,750, with the age-standardized DALYs rate declining from 68.78 to 60.88 per 100,000. Significant geographical variations were observed, with high Socio-demographic Index regions showing the highest burden. Projections suggest that by 2051, elderly IBD prevalence number may reach 2,316,000, with ASIR and ASPR potentially rising after 2035 and 2042, respectively. Deaths and DALYs are projected to increase to 75,000 and 1,401,000 respectively, despite continued declines in ASRs. Conclusion: The absolute burden of IBD in the elderly population is projected to increase substantially by 2051, despite decreasing ASRs. These findings underscore the need for tailored healthcare strategies and resource allocation to address the growing challenge of elderly IBD globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activity recognition (HAR) for disabled people is a vital research area, which aims to help individuals with disabilities in their daily lives. HAR involves using technology, typically wearable devices or sensors, to automatically identify and classify human activities and movements. HAR using deep learning (DL) is an effective and popular method to automatically classify and identify human activities based on sensor information. This article develops a hyperparameter tuned fuzzy deep neural network–based HAR (HTFDNN‐HAR) method. The objective of the HTFDNN‐HAR method lies in human activities identification and classification. In the presented HTFDNN‐HAR technique, cross‐guided bilateral filtering (CGBF)–based preprocessing is initially applied and MobileNetV3 architecture is applied for the effectual extraction of the feature vectors. In addition, the HTFDNN‐HAR technique makes use of the FDNN method for the efficient detection and classification of human activities. Finally, the HTFDNN‐HAR technique applies the manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) technique for the optimum hyperparameter selection of the FDNN approach. A wide range of experiments have been carried out on the CAUCAFall dataset comprising 10,000 samples with two classes. The simulation value highlighted that the HTFDNN‐HAR technique reaches an enhanced accuracy of 99.40% over other recent approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the international and national legal guarantees for the implementation of the status of groups of people with low mobility. The article identifies the key principles of international normative acts in the field of rights and freedoms of groups of people with low mobility. Their significance lies in guaranteeing the relevant areas of activity of Ukraine as a State party to create legal, economic, social, and other conditions for ensuring the rights and opportunities of persons with low mobility on an equal footing with other participants in legal relations. The status of implementation of international guarantees of the status of groups of people with low mobility in national legislation is analysed. The Constitution of Ukraine, the primary laws of Ukraine ‘On the Fundamentals of Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in Ukraine’, ‘On the Status of War Veterans, and Guarantees of Their Social Protection’, normative acts of the President of Ukraine “On the National Program of Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities for 2001-2005”, “On Measures to Strengthen Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities; the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine’s regulations on Measures to Improve the Situation of Persons with Disabilities, On Approval of the Action Plan for Creating an Unhindered Living Environment for Persons with Disabilities and Other Low-Mobility Groups for 2009-2015 ‘Barrier-Free Ukraine’, and many others are studied. The implementation of the regulations has resulted in the creation of an unhindered living environment for groups of people with low mobility, the functioning of training courses on creating an unhindered environment for the life of people with disabilities, etc. The author substantiates the view that the provisions of the analysed current legal acts are the basis for the further formation and implementation of the State policy on the development and adoption of State social guarantees in general and for groups of people with low mobility in particular, national standards and technical specifications, and also for conducting research and development and research work on the implementation of the principles of reasonable accommodation and universal design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The role played by impulsivity in problematic internet use (PIU) is the object of much debate among researchers. Some studies emphasize its importance, while others suggest mental distress or personality traits may be more crucial. More research into the issue is clearly needed—especially in at-risk populations like people with disabilities. The objectives of this study were therefore to investigate the relationship between PIU and impulsivity among university students with disabilities, and to develop a specific predictive model for this group that would include psychological and life-functioning variables. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 240 Spanish university students with disabilities from seven universities. Several instruments were used for data collection: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM), and NEO-FFI-R. Results: The results indicated that impulsivity is significantly correlated with PIU, as indeed it also is with other factors like conscientiousness and social functioning problems. The study's regression model explained nearly 50% of PIU variance, with impulsivity, personality traits, wellness and health indicators, and social media usage as predictive variables. Discussion: This suggests that interventions should consider these psychological and lifestyle variables as a means of mitigating PIU risks in students with disabilities. The findings identify a need for further longitudinal studies to understand the causality and develop targeted prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Children with intellectual disability tend to exhibit lower performance in fundamental movement skills, such as locomotor skills, object control skills, and balance, compared to their typically developing peers. Evidence suggests that physical activity programs tailored for individuals with intellectual disabilities can positively influence the development of their motor skills. Similar to typically developing children, physical activity in children with intellectual disabilities stimulates not only physical development, but also brain function, resulting in cognitive benefits. However, the extent of physical activity's impact on the cognitive functioning of this population remains insufficiently explored. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of a motor exercise program based on the Bilateral Integration method implemented for pupils with moderate intellectual disabilities. Methods: The sample consisted of 27 pupils with moderate intellectual disability (13 in the intervention group and 14 in the control group) from two special schools in Poland. Pupils in the intervention group participated in a modified version of the Bilateral Integration School Program - a 26-week physical activity program that included both individual and group sessions. The assessment of cognitive functioning, using the Fifth Edition of the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Subtests, was conducted over three time points in both groups: a pre-test before the intervention (T1), a post-test after the intervention phase end (T2) and a follow-up assessment three months after the post-test (T3). Results: Significant effects of the intervention compared to the control group were observed in certain cognitive variables. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant group-by-time interaction for the Nonverbal Visual-Spatial Processing score, Nonverbal Working Memory score, as well as Verbal Fluid Reasoning. Discussion: The original program based on the Bilateral Integration method proved effective for pupils with moderate intellectual disability. Preliminary results indicate improvements in cognition, particularly in working memory and visual-spatial processing. Further studies are necessary to assess the program's efficacy comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a multidimensional framework for monitoring progress on disability inclusion over time and among countries where reliable, disability disaggregated data is available. However, the SDGs alone do not provide insights into the causes of the social and economic disparities that people with disabilities face or offer specific policy solutions to alleviate them. This paper highlights the extra costs of living with disability in Indonesia to advance the country's commitment to further the rights of people with disabilities. It utilizes three primary estimation methods, combining an analyses of national survey data with primary data from interviews and focus group discussions. Findings reveal significant and varying costs based on disability type, severity and life cycle stages. It also highlights the unaffordability of these costs for most individuals with disabilities and their families. Leveraging these estimates, the paper proposes 'disability concessions' aligned with Indonesia's legal framework on disability inclusion, aiming to alleviate financial burdens through discounts across health, education, utilities and transportation. By contributing to methodological approaches in understanding extra costs of living with disability inclusion in emerging country context and promoting discussions on leveraging the results for disability inclusive policymaking, this paper supplements the SDG framework to foster disability inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the cost-effectiveness of digital interventions for mental health, emphasizing the importance of economic evaluations in healthcare decision-making. It explains the techniques used in economic evaluations, such as Cost-Benefit Analysis, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, and Cost-Utility Analysis. The text also highlights common misconceptions about cost-effectiveness and provides insights into the current evidence on the cost-effectiveness of digital interventions for mental health disorders. Additionally, it suggests future directions for advancing economic evaluations in the field of digital health interventions. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Accessibility of data visualization has been explored for users with visual disabilities but the needs of users with language disabilities have seldom been considered. Aim: This scoping review synthesised what is known about data visualization for adults with language disabilities, specifically the acquired language disability, aphasia and Developmental Language Disorder. It sought to extract key findings and identify what practices support effective visualization for decision making for people with language disabilities. Method: Papers were included if they investigated visualization of data, and the consumers of the data visualization were people with aphasia or developmental language disability. Seven databases were searched: CINAHL, Academic Search, Medline, PsychINFO, Ovid, ACM Digital Library and IEEE Xplore. Included studies were charted to extract title, author(s), year, country, paper type, scientific field, participant number(s), participant group(s), main topic, subtopic, method, task description, task category, data visualization, summary, key findings relevant to the review question, and guidelines or recommendations. Narrative synthesis was used to describe how people with language disability have interacted with data visualization from a range of literature. Main Contribution: Six studies (seven publications) were included in the review. One study came from the field of health, one from a disability rights collaboration and four studies from computer science. No studies satisfying the review criteria explored data visualization for Developmental Language Disorder; however, five studies explored participants with cognitive disabilities that included impairments of language, so these were included. A range of visualization designs were found. Studies predominantly explored understanding of visualization (4/6). One study explored how to express data visually, and one explored the use of the visualization that is, for an action, choice, or decision. Cognitively accessible data visualization practices were described in four papers and synthesized. Supportive practices reported were reducing the cognitive load associated with processing a visualization and increasing personal relevance of data visualization. Conclusion: Accessible data visualization for adults with aphasia and Developmental Language Disorder has only minimally been explored. Practices to specifically support users with language disability are not yet apparent. As data use in making everyday decisions is widespread, future research should explore how people with language disabilities make use of data visualization. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject: Visual resources are used widely to support people with language disabilities in understanding of language. That is, icons, maps timelines and so forth, are used to support auditory processing. However, data visualization is used routinely by people without a language disability to support everyday decisions for example, visualization of live traffic data is used to provide users with the best route to their destination. It is unclear whether any work has explored data visualization for people with language disabilities. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: This paper brings together research on the use of data visualization by adults with either Developmental Language Disorder or aphasia, collectively people with language disabilities. It highlights a gap in the design of inclusive data visualization for language disabilities and the minimal research exploring the use of data visualization for decision making in these populations. What are the clinical implications of this work?: Access to data can be empowering. It has potential to enable agency in decisions and increase social participation. The existing gap in knowledge about how to design inclusive data visualization for people with language disabilities thus poses a risk of exclusion and threats to informed decision making. Highlighting the current field of literature may drive research and clinical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aphasia impacts communication and relationships. While counselling is increasingly recognised as a component of the speech‐language therapy role, the success of conversation partner training is typically measured in terms of communication alone. This scoping review aimed to describe how successful conversation is currently measured with couples—with and without aphasia, to inform the development of an ecologically valid measure for couples with aphasia. Methods and Procedures: The scoping review was reported in alignment with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis Extensions for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐SCR). MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases were searched for conversation treatment studies for couples with and without aphasia. Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) were extracted from included studies and screened against the three‐tier model of situated language to shortlist those that measure everyday communication. Items within shortlisted PROMs were further described using the refined International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health linking rules. Results: Following screening and full‐text review, 46 studies were included, consisting of 24 studies conducted with couples with aphasia and 22 studies conducted with couples without aphasia. For couples with aphasia, 13 PROMs were identified that measured everyday communication. Of these, 23% were dyadic (i.e., measured from the perspectives of both members of the couple); however, they usually only appraised the communication behaviours of the person with aphasia. For couples without aphasia, eight PROMs were identified that measured everyday communication; all were dyadic and measured both attitudes and communication behaviours of both partners. Conclusion: Conversation relies on the interaction of two people, and success in conversation is best rated by those having the conversation. The use of PROMs is recommended as part of person and relationship‐centred practice; however, there is currently no validated PROM for conversation in aphasia that considers the perspectives and behaviours of both the person with aphasia and their communication partner. The PROM items identified in this study will form the basis of future research to develop a PROM for couples' conversations in aphasia. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject: Communication partner training (CPT) for couples, where one person has aphasia, can improve conversation skills and enhance relationships. Clinician‐rated measures, such as conversation analysis, have been used to measure the outcomes of CPT. However, there is a lack of person‐centred or self‐rated outcome measurement instruments. that is, patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) for couples' conversations in aphasia. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: We have identified outcome measurement instruments used in conversation treatment studies for couples with and without aphasia. We found that most PROMs used in aphasia treatment studies were not dyadic, that is, they did not include the self‐report of both communication partners. In contrast, the PROMs used with couples without aphasia were dyadic and contained items that measured a more complex range of both partners' emotions, behaviours and attitudes. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: This study provides insights into the content and characteristics of PROMs for couples' conversation therapy and may assist clinicians in selecting outcome measurement instruments in their practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The conceptualisation of autism as a disorder where Theory of Mind (ToM) and pragmatics are fundamentally impaired has prompted a wealth of research on autistic deficits, most of which is characterised by two main assumptions: first, that autistic people would display said deficits, if present, with any conversation partner and in any situation; second, that neurotypical people do not present these deficits, regardless of the conversation partner. However, this is not necessarily reflected in autistic accounts of the way they experience social cognition and pragmatics. Aims: The present paper aims to investigate the autistic experience of communication with both autistic and neurotypical people, with a particular focus on their perception of the ability of autistic and neurotypical people to understand their communicative intentions. Methods & Procedures: Participants, 23 adult Italian autistic people without intellectual disability or language disorders, were recruited online. Two virtual focus groups of 2 hours each were conducted, transcribed and analysed through thematic analysis with a descriptive phenomenological approach by two independent researchers. Outcomes & Results: Six themes were developed from the analysis, the most relevant being Autistic–Autistic communication and Autistic ToM. The results, in line with the Double Empathy theory, suggest there seem to be important differences between neurotypical and autistic people's ToM. These appear to make it easier for autistic people to communicate with one another, as well as to create difficulties for neurotypical people to understand autistic people, not just the other way around. Conclusions & Implications: These results seem to confirm that challenges in cross‐neurotype communication are better interpreted as mutual miscomprehension and reciprocal differences in ToM rather than deficits on the autistic part. This calls for a reframing of ToM and/or the need for autistic ToM as a construct, of which neurotypical people seem to be lacking. Moreover, these insights should be taken into account for speech and language therapy and clinical practice in general, advocating for a neurodiversity‐informed view of co‐constructed communication as well as for a broader societal change in which therapists can play a crucial role, through participatory approaches or raising awareness in their daily practice. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject: Autism is conceived as characterised by social cognition and communication difficulties, often linked to Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits. However, recent research suggested variations in ToM abilities within the autistic population and proposed alternative theories like the Double Empathy theory. Nevertheless, only a few studies examined how autistic individuals perceive communication across neurotypes. What this study adds: Autistic individuals seem to find it easier to communicate with other autistic people, and they identify specific characteristics of neurotypical communication that hinder successful communication. Moreover, neurotypical people are perceived as having difficulties in autistic ToM, which seems to emerge as a relevant and needed construct in light of the Double Empathy problem. What are the clinical implications of this work?: These findings can inform speech and language therapy and clinical practice about the potential gains of raising awareness on the Double Empathy problem and the higher communication ease inside the autistic community, alongside individualised support. Participatory approaches and closer collaboration with the autistic community also seem to be crucial for therapists to help improve communication experiences for autistic individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hygiene is an important area related to personal health and socialization. Regular toothbrushing can prevent painful procedures related to tooth decay and gum disease and reduce bad breath and plaque that may interfere with social and professional acceptance. Unfortunately, many individuals with disabilities do not engage in regular and thorough preventative dental hygiene, placing them at risk for oral disease. Using a multiple baseline design, three participants who independently brushed their teeth but did not brush frequently or thoroughly were taught to self‐evaluate and record using a self‐management (SM) checklist. The findings of this study suggest that SM may be a helpful method for improving the frequency and quality of toothbrushing. Outcomes regarding supporting individuals to achieve maximal independence in these essential life skills are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities who engage in severe challenging behavior may comprise 5%–10% of the clinical population. Unfortunately, challenging behavior literature tends to underrepresent adult participants and emphasize efficacy (Does the intervention work?) more often than effectiveness (Does the intervention work in real world settings?). We conducted a systematic program evaluation to examine the effectiveness of a comprehensive behavioral treatment package using a hybrid quasi‐experimental consecutive case series design featuring eight adults who experienced the treatment package. The results depicted a substantial decrease in challenging behavior and increase in adaptive behavior across sessions for most participants. Impressive treatment integrity outcomes (M = 84%, range, 82%–90%) showcased that the intervention was implemented as intended. Social validity surveys administered to participants, caregivers, and case managers provide support for the acceptability of the treatment package. Project limitations, clinical considerations, and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving social communication and reducing challenging forms of restricted and repetitive behaviors (i.e., stereotypy) are often the focus of behavioral interventions for individuals with autism and other developmental disabilities. Interventions incorporating augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are utilized to improve independent communication. However, using electronic AAC devices (e.g., iPads) may increase stereotypic behaviors (i.e., pressing the same icon on an AAC device two or more times within 2 s), which may impact the development and maintenance of communication skills. There is a shortage of research focusing on AAC‐related stereotypy, with only one study that includes a systematic assessment and treatment evaluation (Cook et al., 2017). The purpose of the current investigation was to conduct a functional analysis screening procedure that only included play and no‐interaction conditions to adequately assess the function of AAC‐related stereotypy. We sought to ask, how client‐specific modifications to functional assessment procedures affect the outcomes of functional assessments of AAC‐related stereotypy. Initial findings suggest that AAC‐related stereotypy is often automatically reinforced, but its occurrence can be sensitive to the presence/absence of specific environmental stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its inception, modifications to experimental functional analyses have been conducted to improve contextual fit. One variation, a trial‐based functional analysis (TBFA), naturally embeds conditions within the environment, has been used across diverse participants (e.g., neurotypical development, autism spectrum disorder [ASD], etc.) and settings. Although interest in TBFA has grown, few TBFA literature reviews have been conducted. Detailed participant characteristics, reliability measures across dependent and independent variables, social validity, and details of function‐based interventions have yet to be reported. Therefore, the purpose of the literature review was to replicate and extend past TBFA reviews by assessing publication characteristics (e.g., authors, year), participant characteristics, procedures (e.g., number of trials), validation across comparison FAs, function‐based interventions, reliability (interobserver agreement [IOA] and procedural integrity) measures, social validity, and intervention details (type. Implementer, setting, and outcomes. We identified 32 articles across 88 participants. Strengths of TBFA research include usability across a range of problem behaviors in natural settings (i.e., in classrooms or in homes) by teachers and direct service providers, IOA, and the inclusion of effective function‐based interventions. Most research included preschoolers with ASD and other disabilities. Limitations and areas for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is aging, and an increasing number of countries are becoming aged or super-aged societies. Japan has already become the world's first super-aged society, with an aging rate of 29.1% of the entire population of the country. As of 15 September 2021, there were approximately 36.40 million people aged 65 years and over. The advent of the super-aged society has increased the possibility of multimorbidity and multiple disabilities (MMDs) in the elderly population. According to a survey by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the percentage of people with multiple disabilities of all people with physical disabilities has fluctuated between 4.0 and 7.0%, but rapidly increased to 8.9% in 2006 and 17.7% in 2016. This review aimed to establish the present status of MMDs and the rehabilitation for MMDs. In rehabilitation settings, patients with MMDs are more common than patients with a single disease or disability; however, evidence on MMD rehabilitation is insufficient. Inexperienced and unconfident medical professionals are overly cautious in providing rehabilitation; therefore, adequate rehabilitation is not provided. Furthermore, to respond to the rehabilitation needs of patients with MMDs, human resources need to be cultivated, and a scientific basis needs to be built. It is expected that MMD guidelines will soon be developed based on various case studies and surveys. In MMD rehabilitation, it is important to provide "wider, earlier, more intimate, and more connected rehabilitation"; for this, the training and cooperation of rehabilitation medical professionals is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]