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Genus Sylvenomyia Mamaev & Zaitzev 1998 Mamaev & Zaitzev 1998: 211. Type species: Sylvenomyia sueciae Mamaev & Zaitzev 1998 [= Chastomera spinigera Spungis 1985]. Diagnosis. The strong anterior portion of C (antC) extends clearly beyond R 5 and is followed by a costal break; M and CuA 1 are absent (Fig. 1 A). The antennae in males have 11 flagellomeres; the flagellomere nodes bear crenulate whorls of sensory hairs and hair-shaped translucent sensilla (Fig. 2 A). The gonostylus bears a strong apical claw (Figs 1 B, 2 B, C). The simple, small tegmen is largely membranous and of broadconical shape (Figs 1 D, 2 C). Females and preimaginal stages of Sylvenomyia spp. are unknown. Description. Head. Occiput with short setae. Postocular bristles absent. One pair of large top setae (see Panelius 1965). Postfrons convex, bilobate, asetose. Prefrons large, asetose. Eye bridge up to 4 ommatidia long. Remnants of larval stemmata not discernible. Antennal scape and pedicel subequal in size; scape setose ventrally; pedicel asetose; 11 flagellomeres, the 2 apical flagellomere fused; flagellomere nodes longer than necks, barrel-shaped, fully covered with microtrichia, 1 whorl of basal setae, 1 complete and 1���2 incomplete crenulate whorls of long sensory hairs, several hair-shaped translucent sensilla distally (Fig. 2 A). Clypeus smaller than prefrons, projecting in lateral profile, with large setae. Maxillary palpus long, 4 -segmented, setae long and curved or short and straight; first segment with hair-shaped translucent sensilla. Thorax. Pronotum asetose. Scutum with sparse dorsocentral and lateral setae. Pleural setae absent. A portion in between laterotergite and mediotergite covered with strikingly large microtrichia. Wing (Fig. 1 A). Comparatively short and broad, about as long as body. Membrane covered with microtrichia and setae. AntC extending clearly beyond R 5, followed by break; Sc long, evanescent apically; h absent; Rs with vertical rather than horizontal inclination; r-m + m-cu horizontal, in juxtaposition with R 5; M and CuA 1 absent; CuA 2 slightly curved, weak or evanescent apically; CuP short, running very close to CuA 2; 1 branch of A present, albeit short; dorsal setae present on Sc basally, stem vein, R, R 1, R 5, and CuA 2; ventral setae absent. Pattern of sensory buds: R1, 2 distal; R5, 1 basal, 2 distal; further 1 mesal sensory bud on Sc. Halter comparatively short, stem and node subequal in length. Legs. Foreleg slightly longer than body, femur shorter than tibia, tibia shorter than tarsus; first segment of foretarsus 1 / 3 the length of second segment, with short, blunt apical projection. Pretarsal claws slightly curved, with minute teeth at midlength. Empodia vestigial. Abdomen. All sclerites covered sparsely with large setae. Pattern of tergal plaques not fully resolved, presumably 0/ 2 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 /0. Terminalia (Figs 1 B, C, 2 B���D). St 9 not traceble. Tg 9 subtrapezoid, with straight apical margin. Gonocoxites with deep ventral emargination extending beyond midlength; ventral bridge membranous; posterior portion of gonocoxal apodeme (postGA) long, extending to ventrobasal gonocoxal margin; anterior portion of gonocoxal apodeme (antGA) moderately long; dorsal transverse bridge unsclerotized. Gonostylus slightly tapered towards apex, with strong, multipointed apical claw. Ejaculatory apodeme as long as gonocoxites, strongly sclerotized, with membranous, tulip-shaped cap apically. Ducts of accessory glands distinctive. Tegmen small, largely membranous, broad-conical, rounded apically, ventrolateral margins serrate or with scaly surface, apex weak, parameral apodemes directed ventroanteriorly. St 10 weak, bilobate, pubescent, asetose. Cerci not or not much extending beyond tg 9, setose. Systematic position. Mamaev and Zaitzev (1998) classified Sylvenomyia with the Winnertziini, a decision presumably influenced by the wing venation, the presence in males of less than 14 flagellomeres, and the simple, hair-shaped antennal sensilla. On first sight, this classification seems plausible and supported by further features, such as the absence of pleurothoracal setae and the Winnertzia -like male terminalia, i.e. the gonostyli equipped with an apical claw and the parameres fused to form a simple, membranous tegmen. However, several other features of Sylvenomyia are not known from Winnertzia or other Winnertziini: an asetose pedicel, crenulate whorls of sensory hairs, hair-shaped translucent sensilla on the maxillary palpus, and an asetose pronotum. Also, the first tarsal segments in Sylvenomyia are longer than those in the other porricondylines known to us, with the exception of some Heteropezini. A unique feature of Sylvenomyia is antC extends beyond R 5, whereas the apices of these two veins are confluent in the other porricondylines with a costal break. In Heteropezini, which lack the costal break, the costa is gradually narrowed near the apex of the wing. Altogether, there is little support for Sylvenomyia being correctly placed among the Winnertziini. An affiliation of Sylvenomyia to the Heteropezini would also be inappropriate, because the heteropezine imago is variously degenerated (Wyatt 1967), unlike the imago in Sylvenomyia. The Diallactini, with 14 male flagellomeres, cannot accommodate Sylvenomyia either. We do not see a better solution than leaving Sylvenomyia unplaced to any tribe for the time being. As regards the Cecidomyiidae other than ��� Porricondylinae ���, sylvenomyias bear an uncanny resemblance to Lestremiinae. If the first tarsal segments were longer than the second segments ��� the feature that unfailingly separates Lestremiinae from ��� Porricondylinae ��� and Cecidomyiinae ��� then sylvenomyias could be considered lestremiines. A venation pattern similar to that in Sylvenomyia is known from some unusual lestremiines classified with the tribe Strobliellini. The terminalia of Sylvenomyia males correspond largely with those in some species of the Catochini, another lestremiine tribe. Last but not least, crenulate whorls of sensory hairs, the presence of which is exceptional among porricondylines, is a feature typical of lestremiines. We do not stress these similarities to suggest a close interrelationship between Sylvenomyia and certain Lestremiinae but to support our assumption that Sylvenomyia belongs to a basal porricondyline lineage distinct from other such lineages, such as the Diallactini, Winnertziini and Heteropezini., Published as part of Penttinen, Jouni & Jaschhof, Mathias, 2009, On the systematics of Sylvenomyia Mamaev & Zaitzev (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, " Porricondylinae "), with the description of a new species from Finland, pp. 48-54 in Zootaxa 2032 on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186299, {"references":["Mamaev, B. M. & Zaitzev, A. I. (1998) Sylvenomyia gen. n. in Sweden and a key to the genera of the tribe Winnertziini (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Porricondylinae). Entomologica Fennica, 9, 211 - 213.","Spungis, V. (1985) Gall midges of the subtribe Diallactina (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) in Latvia. Latvijas Entomologs, 28, 38 - 53 (in Russian, with English summary).","Panelius, S. (1965) A revision of the European gall midges of the subfamily Porricondylinae (Diptera: Itonididae). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 113, 1 - 157.","Wyatt, I. J. (1967) Pupal paedogenesis in the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) 3 - A reclassification of the Heteropezini. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 119 (3), 71 - 98."]}

Penttinen, Jouni, Jaschhof, Mathias (2009): On the systematics of Sylvenomyia Mamaev & Zaitzev (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, " Porricondylinae "), with the description of a new species from Finland. Zootaxa 2032: 48-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186299

Sylvenomyia spinigera (Spungis 1985) comb. nov. (Fig. 1 B, C) Chastomera spinigera ��� Spungis 1985: 46. [Holotype studied.] Haplusia spinigera ��� Gagn�� 2004: 48 [as a consequence of synonymizing Chastomera Skuse with Haplusia Karsch, see Gagn�� 1978]. = Sylvenomyia sueciae Mamaev & Zaitzev 1998 ��� Mamaev & Zaitzev 1998: 212. Syn. n. [Holotype not studied.] Supplement to the descriptions by Spungis (1985) and Mamaev & Zaitzev (1998). Body size 1.1���1.3 mm. Male antenna with 11 flagellomeres; fourth flagellomere with 1 complete, or almost complete, crenulate whorl of long sensory hairs, 1���2 short crenulate rows of sensory hairs ventrally, numerous hair-shaped translucent sensilla distally. In some specimens a vestige of CuA 1 present distally. Ventral emargination of gonocoxites U-shaped (Fig. 1 B), not V-shaped as depicted by Mamaev and Zaitzev (1998: fig. 1 d). Gonostylus stout, very slightly curved; apical claw comparatively broad basally (Fig. 1 B). Membranous cap of ejaculatory apodeme small (Fig. 1 C). Serration of ventrolateral tegmen margins inconspicuous (Fig. 1 C). Remarks on taxonomy. Chastomera spinigera Spungis, of which we studied the holotype, and Sylvenomyia sueciae Mamaev & Zaitzev, which we identified by the original description, are no doubt identical. We may assume that Mamaev and Zaitzev simply overlooked the existence of Chastomera spinigera, as the latter was originally assigned to the Diallactini by Spungis (1985). The wing venation in spinigera is indeed superficially similar to that in Chastomera species, but the outline of the apices of antC and R 5 is much different. Also, the male antenna in Chastomera and other Diallactini has 14 flagellomeres, unlike 11 flagellomeres in spinigera. The antennal apices of the holotype of spinigera are broken. The original description of Sylvenomyia sueciae is misleading in several respects. Tergite 9 was depicted to have an apicomesal invagination (Mamaev & Zaitzev 1998: fig. 1 a), which is no doubt an artifact that occurs when the weak apical margin is folded between the cerci. In our specimens tergite 9 has always a straight apical margin (Fig. 1 B). The tegmen in the figure by Mamaev and Zaitzev (1998: fig. 1 d) is very large, almost as long as the gonocoxites, which ignores the fact that the lateral tegmen walls and the gonocoxal apodemes are separate structures and situated on different levels. In our experience, misinterpretation of artifacts and non-appreciation of the three-dimensionality of structure are common sources of error in the taxonomic work on both porricondylines and lestremiines. Distribution and phenology. Sylvenomyia spinigera is known to occur in Latvia, northern European Russia, Finland and Sweden. Adults were collected in various forests of the nemoral, boreo-nemoral and boreal (taiga) zone between late May and early July. Larvae are unknown, but we assume they live, possibly exclusively, in the decaying wood of aspen Populus tremula. We base our assumption on the observation that adults of spinigera were repeatedly collected by trunk-emergence traps set over large aspen logs, whereas no specimens were obtained from logs of other tree species, such as Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Betula spp., Alnus spp. and Tilia cordata (Jakovlev et al., in prep.). Material studied. Latvia: holotype male, Koknese, 8 June 1980, V. Spungis. Finland: 13 males, Ta, Lammi, Kotinen Nature Reserve, 61.24 N / 25.06 E, 24 May��� 27 June 2004, J. Jakovlev; 14 males, Sb, Savonranta, Raatelamminsalo, 62.26 N / 28.97 E, 3 June��� 3 July 2004, J. Penttinen; 2 males, Kb, Lieksa, Patvinsuo National Park, Autiovaara, 63.08 N / 30.37 E, 7 July 2004, M. Jaschhof. Russia: 4 males, Karelia, Kondopoga, Kivach Strict Nature Reserve, 62.16 N / 33.38 E, 11 June��� 15 July 2005, N. Kutenkova, M. & C. Jaschhof. FIGURE 2. Sylvenomyia fennica sp. n. A: Male antennal flagellomeres 2���4, ventrolateral view (holotype). B: Male terminalia, ventral view (holotype). C: Apex of gonostylus, dorsal view (specimen from Kittil��, without scale). D: Ejaculatory apodeme and tegmen, ventral view (holotype). Scale = 0.05 mm. 1 = hair-shaped translucent sensilla, 2 = sensory hairs, 3 = setae., Published as part of Penttinen, Jouni & Jaschhof, Mathias, 2009, On the systematics of Sylvenomyia Mamaev & Zaitzev (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, " Porricondylinae "), with the description of a new species from Finland, pp. 48-54 in Zootaxa 2032 on pages 50-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186299, {"references":["Spungis, V. (1985) Gall midges of the subtribe Diallactina (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) in Latvia. Latvijas Entomologs, 28, 38 - 53 (in Russian, with English summary).","Gagne, R. J. (2004) A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 25, 5 - 350.","Gagne, R. J. (1978) New synonymy and a review of Haplusia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 517 - 519.","Mamaev, B. M. & Zaitzev, A. I. (1998) Sylvenomyia gen. n. in Sweden and a key to the genera of the tribe Winnertziini (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Porricondylinae). Entomologica Fennica, 9, 211 - 213."]}

Sylvenomyia fennica sp. n. (Figs 1 A, 2) Diagnosis. Males of Sylvenomyia fennica differ from males of Sylvenomyia spinigera, which is a closely similar species, as follows. The hair-shaped translucent sensilla on the antennal flagellum are shorter and fewer. CuA 1 is never traceable. The ventral emargination of the gonocoxites is deep-V-shaped (Fig. 2 B). The gonostylus is more elongate and less curved; the apical claw is more slender (Fig. 2 B). The ejaculatory apodeme bears apically a very large membranous extension (Fig. 2 D). The ventrolateral tegmen margins have a scaly surface that in some specimens is more distinctive than in others (Fig. 2 D). Distribution and phenology. Sylvenomyia fennica is apparently widespread throughout Finland and, according to our records, penetrates northwards to 67 �� N. Adults were collected exclusively in stands of oldgrowth taiga between late June and late August. Most of the specimens were caught by sweepnet, a few others by Malaise trap. Larvae are unknown. Etymology. The species epithet refers to the distribution range as currently known. Types. Holotype. Male, Finland, Ok, Kuhmo, Kieverrysj��rvet, 63.46 N / 29.53 E, in mixed taiga (spruce, pine, birch), 17 July 2004, by sweepnet, M. Jaschhof. Paratypes. 1 male, same data as the holotype; 1 male, Finland, Ob, Pudasj��rvi, Sy��te National Park, 65.46 N / 27.44 E, in mixed taiga (spruce, aspen, birch), 22 July 2004, by sweepnet, M. Jaschhof. The type material of the new species is deposited in the Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki, Finland. Further material. Finland: 1 male, St, Ikaalinen, Seitseminen National Park, Multiharju, 61.54 N / 23.25 E, 2 July��� 24 Aug. 2004, M. & C. Jaschhof; 2 males, Ta, Tammela, Liesj��rvi National Park, 60.39 N / 23.54 E, 26 June��� 29 Aug. 2004, M. & C. Jaschhof; 1 male, Tb, Saarij��rvi, Pyh��-H��kki National Park, E Poikaaho farm, 62.51 N / 25.26 E, 4 July��� 22 Aug. 2004, M. & C. Jaschhof; 1 male, Kb, Lieksa, Jongunjoki Nature Reserve, 3 km S Telio, 63.44 N / 29.51 E, 18 July 2004, M. Jaschhof; 1 male, same data as the holotype; 3 males, Ok, Kuhmo, Elimyssalo Nature Reserve, S Viiksimo, 64.14 N / 30.23 E, 18 / 19 July 2004, M. Jaschhof; 1 male, Lk, Kittil��, Pallas-Yll��stunturi National Park, S Linkukero, 67.44 N / 24.21 E, 17 / 18 July 2005, M. Jaschhof., Published as part of Penttinen, Jouni & Jaschhof, Mathias, 2009, On the systematics of Sylvenomyia Mamaev & Zaitzev (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, " Porricondylinae "), with the description of a new species from Finland, pp. 48-54 in Zootaxa 2032 on pages 52-53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186299

Verkostonäkökulma korostuu vahvasti luonnonsuojelun suunnittelussa Suomessa ja maailmalla. Suojelualueita ei voi nähdä yksittäisinä eristyneinä alueina, vaan luonnonsuojelualueiden verkosto ja koko ympäröivä maisema ylläpitävät yhdessä tietyn alueen eliölajistoa. Parhaiden alueiden kytkeytyvyyden varmistamista ja verkostojen ylläpitämistä on myös ehdotettu ratkaisuksi biodiversiteetin säilyttämiselle, kun ilmastonmuutos pakottaa lajeja siirtymään uusille asuinalueille. Verkostonäkökulma kannattaa huomioida myös ennallistamiskohteiden valinnassa – mikä ei kuitenkaan ole yksiselitteistä ja helppoa. nonPeerReviewed

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