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The objective of the study is to explore the attitudes of Lithuanian citizens to health care system and to evaluate their social role in decision-making about their health care. Material and methods. The national cross-sectional survey was conducted March 1–7, 2004. Multi-stage random sampling across the country included adult Lithuanian residents, interviewed in their home (n=1007). The response rate was 56.5%. The attitudes of citizens were evaluated using an anonymous questionnaire, originally developed and adopted with the reference to experience of previously conducted studies. Results. Majority of polled women and men (84.6% and 72.6%) recognized health as very important value in their life and as the most important among other social values. The overall mean of trust in health care system – 41.3%, trust in physicians – 69.9%, implementation of right to health care – 48.9%, concern about health care – 96.5% and patient impact in health care decisions – 19.1%. Nearly half of respondents (47.4%) prefer informative general practitioner-patient interaction model, which is realized in most cases (58.8%). Partnership (shared decision-making) as interaction model is expected by 37.2% of polled respondents and realized in every sixth case in primary care. Conclusions. Health as value is the most preferred among Lithuanian citizens. Younger and more educated people trusted less in health care system, but are more motivated to play an active role in health care decision-making. The informative model of doctor-patient is dominant, while partnership is not so exposed as being expected by patients.

The aim of the study was to evaluate patient confidence in organization of health care and health care policy. The study material was gathered using self-administrated anonymous questionnaire in November– December, 2001. The patients were recruited from therapeutic departments of Kaunas 2nd hospital and Alytus S. Kudirka hospital. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS program data package. Chisquare test was used to compare observed results with expected results. The hypothesis was statistically significant at the p

Aim. To reveal the attitudes of medical doctors and their awareness on clinical research ethics in India and Lithuania. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted simultaneously major hospitals in India and Lithuania. Overall, 180 medical doctors (97 from India, 83 from Lithuania) were interviewed anonymously (N=180) by using the convenience sampling method. The response rate was 60 %. The originally elaborated questionnaire was employed. The descriptive and factor staitistical analysis elaborated, the coreelation between variables evaluated by (the correlation between variables measured by χ2, significance evaluated when p

The aim of the study is to evaluate ethical aspects of the relationship between a healthcare specialist and a patient in primary health care institutions. Objectives. 1. Reveal patients’ attitude concerning ethics of communication with healthcare specialists in primary health care institution. 2. Investigate assurance of patients’ right to informed consent within the relationship between a healthcare specialist and a patient. 3. Study observation of the patients’ right to privacy in the relationship between a healthcare specialist and a patient. 4. Evaluate factors related to cooperation possibilities between a healthcare specialist and a patient in private and public primary healthcare institutions. Methodology. In November-December of 2018 quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted. The subjects of the study were patients of Kaunas city private and public primary healthcare institutions (N=229). The sample was formed by applying non-probability targeted group sampling method whereas institutions were selected by convenience sampling. The survey was conducted by anonymous questioning. Chi square (χ2) criterion was calculated to verify interrelated characteristics hypotheses. Results. During the research it has been found that only a quarter of the surveyed individuals are informed about possible treatment alternatives, medical examination data as well as options of informed consent. In addition, a significant number of respondents (36.7 %) are informed only in part about the time they are supposed to wait for medical service. Moreover, it has been discovered that a doctor rarely ensures confidentiality about one’s health condition (31.9 %). Assurance of confidentiality principle is related to confidence in one’s doctor. Even 87 % of respondents who believe that confidentiality is rarely ensured do not trust their doctor. The majority of the respondents whose doctor works in a public healthcare institution claim that it is not as important for them to know about their health condition (71.7 %); their doctor rarely explains about treatment alternatives and prognosis contrary to respondents whose doctor works in a private healthcare institution and always (42.1%) or most frequently (51.5%) explains about treatment alternatives and prognosis. Summarizing the obtained results, one can claim that significant differences by comparing primary private and public health care institutions can be observed. Conclusions. 1. The major priority for choosing doctor were physician's knowlwdge and experience. 2. The majority of respondents before signing the informed consent form rarely know why they are signing it, that is, they are not provided sufficient information whereas more than a half of respondents who have chosen this option claim that before assigning the treatment plan a doctor rarely takes into consideration their opinion. 3. During the research it has been found that a doctor rarely ensures confidentiality about the health condition while assurance of confidentiality in health care institutions also depends on one’s trust in a doctor. 4. Communication ethics between patients and healthcare specialists is apparently different comparing private and public healthcare institutions.

Aim. The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of health professionals towards of organ donation and transplantation issues in Bangladesh. Methods. The anonymous cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dacha Medical College and Hospital (DMCH) and at the Bangabandhu Shihais Mujiba Medical University (BSSMU) Hospital in Septmeber-October, 2017. By using the convenience sampling method, 145 from 170 health professionals and administrators were interviewed (response rate is 85.3 %). Data was analyzed by using the statistical analysis program SPSS 21.0. The criterion χ2 was applied to check the hypotheses for qualitative differences in symptoms. The significance level chosen for hypotheses is checked, ac p

The analysis of conflict management in the privat and public dentistry, Aiste Giedraityte, Associate Professor dr. Eimantas Peicius Department of Bioethics, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Kaunas; 2018. 47 p. The aim of the research is to analize aspects of conflict management in private and public sector organizations providing dental services Objectives of the research: 1. Consider the attitude of the dental treatment staff towards conflict management in public institutions. 2. To clarify the attitude of the dental treatment staff towards conflict management in private institutions. 3. Identify differences in approaches to conflict management in public and private dental care providers. 4. Identify links between social and demographic factors and approaches to conflict management. Research methods. In August-September 2017, an anonymous survey was carried out at X polyclinic and Y's dental clinic, 200 questionnaires were distributed, 172 returned filled, the response rate was 86 %. The object of the research is the personnel working in the public and private sector, which provides health services in dentistry. Before organizing the survey, a convenient non-probabilistic selection of health care institutions was established. The study sample consisted of all respondents assigned to the study contingency, i.e. sampling was not performed due to the small number of subjects. Doctors in dentists, doctors' assistants and administrative staff were included in the study. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS / w 17.0 software package and MS Excel software. Results. It has been determined that in the event of conflict, employees of public institutions choose an avoidance strategy (39.3 % of respondents), while in private institutions prevailing compromise (42.9 %) and avoidance (28.6 %) conflict resolution strategies. A comparative analysis has shown that there are more conflicts in private institutions compared to public institutions (p = 0.001). The survey revealed that in the private sector there are more conflicts between managers and employees and considerably less among employees (51.7 %) compared to the public sector (83 %., p = 0.001). Conclusions. 1. After analyzing the results of the research, it was found that in the event of a conflict, the employees of public institutions usually choose avoid strategy , while cooperation as a conflict management based on the least. 2. Assessing the attitudes of respondents working in private institutions, it has been established that dominant approaches to conflict resolution are avoidance (43.3%) and compromise (30%). Avoidance and compromise strategies were among the prevailing doctors (39.1% and 30.4%, respectively) and their assistants, but the administration's employees made a compromise priority (50%).3. After comparative analysis, we found that there are more conflicts in private institutions compared with public institutions (p = 0.001). The survey revealed that there are more conflicts between the manager and the staff in the private sector and significantly less among employees compared to the public sector (83 %, p = 0.001). 4. It was found that differences in the social and demographic factors of the employees of the organizations providing dental services and the approach to conflict management are negligible. According to the survey, more women than men, both in public establishments (79 %) and in private institutions (73 %) pointed out the stresses and the emerging conflicts at work.

In order to ensure the quality of life for the aging society, it is necessary to reconsider the end of life decision-making, service organization, continuous improvement thereof. Such decisions are ethnically complex and require a lot of human and financial resources. Aim of the work: To investigate the attitude of health care professionals and administrators to the end of life decision management in Lithuanian health care institutions. Research methodology. Anonymous questionnaire survey was performed. The group of respondents consisted of the employees of intensive care units of Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipeda city hospitals (doctors, nurses), administration staff (unit selected according to the selection criteria) and politicians. The study was conducted in December 2016 . The number of fully completed questionnaires – 237. The response rate was 52.3%. Statistical analysis of data was performed using the statistical data analysis package IBM SPSS Statistics Subscription. Differences of variables were considered as statistically significant when p < 0.05. Relations between the attributes were assessed using the chi-square (χ²) criterion. Results. Statistically significantly, greater part of the “clinicians” respondents (27.9%) compared with non-clinicians (12.3%) stated that the decisions related to the patient's vital functions should be taken by the patient himself. The greater part of the “clinicians” respondents (52.9%) compared with non-clinicians (41.5%) believe that the number of qualified personnel in health care facilities is insufficient. The shortage is observed among psychologists, nurses, and nursing assistants. A statistically significantly greater proportion of those involved in the waiting of the life end outcome (57.5%) compared with non-participating (33.8%) respondents believe that the number of qualified personnel is insufficient in health care facilities and a statistically significantly higher proportion of those who did not participate (66.2%) compared to the participants (42.5%) respondents believe that the numbers of qualified personnel are sufficient (p

Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti komandinio darbo aspektus slaugytojų praktikoje. Tyrimo metodika: Tyrimas atliktas 2014 m. balandžio mėnesį. Tyrimui buvo naudotas vienmomentinis anoniminės apklausos metodas. Apklausos metu iš viso buvo išdalintos visiems chirurginiuos ir terapiniuos skyriuose tuo metu dirbančioms slaugytojoms. Išdalinta 200 anketų iš sugrįžo - 143, atsako dažnis – 71,5 %. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant statistinį duomenų analizės paketą SPSS 19.0 for Windows. Rezultatai: Du trečdaliai slaugytojų nurodo, jog jų skyriuje dažniausiai praktikuojamas tiek komandinis, tiek individualus darbas, mažiau nei kas ketvirta teigia, jog prioritetas teikiamas komandiniam darbui, o kas dešimta mano, jog daugiau dėmesio skiriama individualiam darbui. Didžioji dauguma tyrimo dalyvių (81,0 %.) nurodė, jog didesnį pasitenkinimą darbu jaučia dirbdamos komandoje, nei individualiai, o 19,0 %. labiau patenkintos darbu dirbdamos vienos. daugiau nei pusė slaugytojų teigia, jog yra gerai susipažinusios (53,9 %), su komandinio darbo pagrindais. Vertinant slaugytojų nuomones apie vyraujantį darbo pobūdį jų skyriuje ir savo žinių apie komandinį darbą vertinimą pagal socialines demografines charakteristikas ir skyriaus, kuriame tyrimo dalyvės dirba profilį, statistiškai reikšmingų skirtumų nenustatyta. Tik 14,0 % slaugytojų dirbančių komandoje teigia, jog yra labai patenkintos savo profesija. Taip pat buvo vertintas slaugytojų pasitenkinimas darbu skalėje nuo 1 balo (labai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] Aim of the study: To evaluate aspects of a teamwork within practice of nurses. Methods: The study was accomplished in April 2014. Method of an anonimic survey was used in this study. Questionaires had been provided to all the nurses currently working in surgical and therapeutic departments. 143 questionaires had been returned from the total of 200; the response rate - 71.5 %. Package SPSS 19.0 for Windows had been used in order to analyse data statistically. Results: Two-thirds of the nurses indicate that both, teamwork and individual, works are practised in their Department. Less than every fourth claims that priority is given to a team work, and every tenth presumes that more attention is paid to an individual work. The vast majority of survey participants (81.0 %) indicated that greater satisfaction is felt if working in a team and 19.0 % are more satisfied if working alone. More than half of nurses (53.9 %) claims being familiar with basics in a teamwork. No statistically significant differences had been observed while assessing nurses’ opinion on the dominating approach of work in their Department and own knowledge on a evaluation of a teamwork according to social demographic characteristics and a profile of a department where participants of this study work in. Only 14.0 % of nurses working in a team claim that they are satisfied with their profession. Moreover, a rate of satisfaction of nurses within the scale of 1 (highly unsatisfied) to 10 (highly satisfied) was... [to full text]

Tyrimo tikslas: išanalizuoti moterų iš socialinės rizikos šeimų ir visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros specialistų, teikiančių sveikatos stiprinimo paslaugas, bendradarbiavimo galimybes ir kliūtis. Tyrimo klausimai: 1. Ar moterys iš socialinės rizikos šeimų yra informuotos apie visuomenės sveikatos paslaugas? 2. Koks moterų iš socialinės rizikos šeimų požiūris į bendradarbiavimą su visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros specialistais, teikiančiais sveikatos stiprinimo paslaugas? 3. Kokios galimybės ir kliūtys, moterų iš socialinės rizikos šeimų požiūriu, bendradarbiauti su visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros specialistais, teikiančiais sveikatos stiprinimo paslaugas? Tyrimo metodika. Buvo atliktas kokybinis tyrimas, taikant pusiau struktūruotą giluminį interviu ir kokybinę turinio analizę. Pusiau struktūruotas interviu buvo atliktas naudojant parengtą klausimyną – vedamuosius klausimus. Tyrimas buvo vykdomas 2013 m. gruodžio– 2014 m. kovo mėnesiais. Viso atlikti 8 interviu. Tyrime dalyvavo 8 moterys iš socialinės rizikos šeimų, gaunančios socialinę pašalpą bei socialines paslaugas. Rezultatai. Tyrimo dalyvės yra nepakankamai informuotos apie visuomenės sveikatos biurus bei juose dirbančius specialistus. Nors sveikatos stiprinimą dauguma supranta, tačiau sveikatos stiprinimo paslaugų spektrą, teikimo būdus menkai žino. Informuotumą apie sveikatos stiprinimą lemia nesidomėjimas su sveikatos stiprinimu susijusia informacija dėl nepalankios pacientui sveikatos priežiūros sistemos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] The aim of the study is to analyze the possibilities and obstacles of cooperation between women from families at social risk and public health care specialists providing health promotion services. Research questions: 1. Are women from families at social risk informed about public health care services? 2. What is the viewpoint of women from families at social risk towards cooperation with public health care specialists providing health promotion services? 3. What are the possibilities and obstacles of cooperation with public health care specialists providing health promotion services as seen by women from families at social risk? Research methods. A qualitative research was carried out by employing a semi-structured in-depth interview and qualitative content analysis. The semi-structured interview was performed by using a prepared questionnaire, i.e. the leading questions. The study was carried out from December 2013 to March 2014. A total of eight interviews were held. Eight women from families at social risk receiving benefits and social services participated in the study. Results. The participants of the study were not sufficiently informed about public health care offices and their specialists. Even though many women understood what public promotion was, they had little knowledge about the range of health promotion services and their provision methods. The level of knowledge about health promotion depended on the lack of interest in information related to health... [to full text]

The aim of the study is to analyze the possibilities and obstacles of cooperation between women from families at social risk and public health care specialists providing health promotion services. Research questions: 1. Are women from families at social risk informed about public health care services? 2. What is the viewpoint of women from families at social risk towards cooperation with public health care specialists providing health promotion services? 3. What are the possibilities and obstacles of cooperation with public health care specialists providing health promotion services as seen by women from families at social risk? Research methods. A qualitative research was carried out by employing a semi-structured in-depth interview and qualitative content analysis. The semi-structured interview was performed by using a prepared questionnaire, i.e. the leading questions. The study was carried out from December 2013 to March 2014. A total of eight interviews were held. Eight women from families at social risk receiving benefits and social services participated in the study. Results. The participants of the study were not sufficiently informed about public health care offices and their specialists. Even though many women understood what public promotion was, they had little knowledge about the range of health promotion services and their provision methods. The level of knowledge about health promotion depended on the lack of interest in information related to health promotion due to the non-patient-oriented health care system. Health promotion was perceived as being related to marketing. The women understood cooperation as provision of information and communication based on values. The intrinsic obstacles of cooperation included the unwillingness arising from not knowing where to go and what kind of assistance was provided at these organizations that they were unaware of. The wish to join the community was prevalent. The research revealed the possibility of inter-institutional cooperation where the representatives of respective organizations could empower the clients to cooperate with public health care institutions. Difficult financial situation, i.e. no funds to be allocated for health promotion activities, was rated as an extrinsic obstacle. This resulted in social class discrimination. These difficulties could be overcome by providing health promotion services free of charge. Conclusions. 1. The research showed low awareness of public health services. The underlying causes were comprised of lack of interest in health promotion related information, social skills and information dissemination. The range of health promotion services and their provision methods were little known to the majority of the research participants. 2. According to the research participants, cooperation was perceived as provision of information, honest socialization and honoring confidentiality. When cooperating with each other, it was important to both provide information and hold appealing activities involving the entire family. 3. The cooperation was obstructed by lack of information, unwillingness to seek help at the respective organizations all alone, the social class and economic discrimination. The possibilities of health promotion could be improved by providing health promotion services free of charge and by holding community activities.

Aim. To observe and evaluate the health behaviour in school aged children and to get key insights into the health related behaviours of young people. Objectives. To analize and evaluate health behaviours among boys and girls in Pakistan. To analize and evaluate health-risk behaviors among boys and girls in Pakistan.To compare health behaviours of adolescents in Pakistan and Lithuania. Methods. Health Behavior in School aged Children (HBSC) questionnaire was used in this study. Questionnaire survey was carried out in 2 schools of Pakistan. One school was private and one school was public. The were 300 participants and majority of them were 14 and 15 years old. Health behavior was measured with questions concerning adolescent’s nutritional habits (breakfast, fresh fruit and vegetable, sweets, fast food and soft drinks with sugar consumption), health-risk behavior (cigarette use, injuries) and physical activity. Statistical data was analyzed using the statistic package SPSS 15.0 for Windows. Results. Two thirds (78.5%) of respondents thought they are in good health and just 4% claimed having excellent health. Study results showed, that 41% of school students exercise 2-3 times a week and 7.3% less than once a month. It was estimated that more than half of Pakistan adolescents eat breakfast every day on weekdays, but on weekends less than one third have breakfast at home. One third of respondents stated, that eat fresh vegetable and 20.1% of then eat fresh fruit every day. Unhealthy diet products such as sweets, soft-drinks with sugar, fast food adolescents consumed (from 0% till 24.6%) every day or 4-6 times a week. Significant differences were found among gender and soft-drinks with sugar and fast food consumption – girls consumed unhealthy diet products less frequent than boys. The results showed that 12.1% of adolescents reported smoking once a week. Statically significant differences were found among respondent gender and injuries. Girls were injured more often than boys in the past 12 month. Teenagers in Pakistan thought they are in excellent health less frequent than teenagers in Lithuania. Study result showed that statistically significant differences were found between breakfast consumption on weekends, nutritional habits, smoking of adolescents in Pakistan and Lithuania. Conclusions. Adolescents in general experience good health in Pakistan. Physical activity of the majority adolescents did not meet the global WHO recommendations for school-aged children. Fresh vegetables were more popular than fresh fruits among adolescents. Boys and girls consumed fresh fruits and vegetables equally often. Majority of adolescent’s unhealthy diet products consumed rarely. Unhealthy diet products were more popular between boys than girls in Pakistan. Adolescents in Lithuania experience excellent health more often than teenagers in Pakistan. Health behavior of adolescents were different in Pakistan and Lithuania.

Aim of the study. To investigate the ethical relationship aspects between doctors and nurses. Objectives. To reveal doctors’ attitude towards the professional relationship ethics between doctors and nurses; to discover nurses’ attitude towards the professional relationship ethics between doctors and nurses; and to compare both groups’ attitudes towards their professional collaboration. Methods. There was an anonymous survey carried out at the public institution Ukmergės hospital. Respondents were employees: doctors and nurses. Questionnaires were handed to 98 doctors and 225 nurses, 246 filled questionnaires were returned (response rate is 73,3 percentage), out of which 82 doctors and 164 nurses responded. Data received was analyzed by SPSS 20.0 program package. Relations between features were assessed by Chi square (χ2) and z criteria. Difference between results is considered statistically significant when p

Darbo tikslas: įvertinti burnos higienos specialybės studentų požiūrį į karjeros galimybes. Tyrimo metodika: vienmomentinė anketinė apklausa buvo vykdoma Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitete, Kauno kolegijoje, Utenos kolegijoje, Šiaulių valstybinėje kolegijoje, Panevėžio kolegijoje 2012 m. vasario – rugsėjo mėn. Buvo apklausti visi paskutinių kursų burnos higienos studijų studentai, studijuojantys Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitete, Kauno kolegijoje, Panevėžio kolegijoje, Šiaulių valstybinėje kolegijoje, Utenos kolegijoje. Išdalintos 205 anketos. Statistinėje analizėje buvo naudotos 144 teisingai užpildytos anketos (atsako dažnis 70,2 proc.). Duomenys analizuoti programa SPSS, 20 versija. Rezultatai: Burnos higienos specialybės studentams (70,9 proc.) karjera yra svarbi jų gyvenime. Daugiau nei trečdalis (35,2 proc.) studentų burnos higienisto darbo jau ieškojo ir daugiau nei pusė (59,3 proc.) jo nerado. Nustatyta, jog daugiau nei penktadalis (21,7 proc.) studentų ketina išvykti dirbti burnos higienisto darbą į užsienio šalis ir daugiau nei pusė (53,1 proc.) dar svarsto tokią galimybę. Paaiškėjo, kad daugiau nei ketvirtadalis (26,8 proc.) studentų nesitiki įsidarbinti Lietuvoje pagal įgytą specialybę. Daugiau nei pusė dalyvavusių studentų burnos higienos studijomis yra patenkinti, o daugiau nei trečdalis studentų nepatenkinti. Didžioji dauguma (98,9 proc.) skundėsi praktinių užsiėmimų stoka. Daugiau nei pusė universiteto studentų (66,7 proc.) studijuoja šioje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] Aim of research: to assess the attitude of oral hygiene students toward career opportunities. Research methods: The cross-sectional survey was conducted at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas University of Applied Sciences, Utena University of Applied Sciences, Šiauliai State College and Panevėžys College from February to September, 2012. All final-year oral hygiene students of the aforementioned institutions were surveyed. 205 questionnaires were distributed. The statistical analysis encompassed 144 properly filled questionnaires (response rate 70.2%). The data was analyzed with SPSS Software, version 20. Results: the majority of oral hygiene students emphasized importance of career in their lives (70.9%). More than one-third of students (35.2%) had already been looking for an oral hygiene specialist job and more than half of respondents (59.3%) had not found it. It was revealed that more than one-fifth of students (21.7%) had been planning to work as oral hygiene specialists abroad and more than half of them (53.1%) had been considering the aforementioned opportunity. It emerged that more than one-fourth of respondents (26.8%) had no employment expectations regarding their acquired profession in Lithuania. More than half of students were satisfied with oral hygiene studies, whereas more than one-third of them felt disatisfied. The vast majority of respondents (98.9%) complained about a lack of practice activities. More than half of students (66.7%) study oral... [to full text]

Darbo tikslas: Ištirti krūties vėžiu susirgusių Lietuvos moterų psichosocialinės pagalbos poreikius ir su sveikata susijusią gyvenimo kokybę. Uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti sunkumus ir iššūkius, su kuriais susiduria krūties vėžiu susirgusios moterys; 2. Įvertinti moterų, susirgusių krūties vėžiu, nerimo ir depresijos simptomų raišką; 3. atskleisti psichologinės pagalbos poreikius ir nesinaudojimo ja priežastis. Išvados: 1. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad daugiausiai problemų respondentėms sukėlė pablogėjusi bendra sveikata ir emocinis funkcionavimas. Taip pat jas labiausiai vargino nuovargis, nemiga ir patiriami finansiniai sunkumai. 2. Nerimo ir depresijos būsenos būdingos daugumai krūties vėžiu susirgusių moterų. 88,7 % respondenčių išreiškė ribinius arba stiprius nerimo simptomus, 66,3 % - ribinius arba stiprius depresijos simptomus. 3. Psichologinės pagalbos poreikį jautė 20,1 % tiriamųjų. Tik kas trečia moteris, kuriai reikėjo psichologinės pagalbos, kreipėsi į šios srities specialistus. Daugiausiai moterų nurodė, kad pagalbos siekti trukdo ribotos finansinės galimybės ir informacijos stoka. The aim of the paper: To assess the need of psychosocial support and health related quality of life in newly diagnosed women with breast cancer. Objectives: 1. To evaluate psychosocial issues and difficulties encountered by women newly diagnosed with breast cancer; 2. To analyse the expression of symptoms of anxiety and depression among women diagnosed with breast cancer;3. To determine the need for psychological support and the reasons for not making use of such support. Conclusions: 1. The results of the study revealed that the most problems for respondents were caused by impaired global health and emotional functioning. In addition, they were most affected by fatique, insomnia and financial difficulties. 2. 2. The results revealed that states of anxiety and depression are characteristic of most women diagnosed with breast cancer. 88.7 % of respondents experienced limited or strong symptoms of anxiety, 66.3 % experienced limited or strong symptoms of depression. 3. 3. The need for mental health assistance was felt by 20.1 % of those studied. Only one in three women who needed mental health assistance sought such assistance from mental health specialists. Women most often indicated that limited financial resources and a lack of information hindered them from seeking assistance.

Mokslinio darbo objektas - bioetikos teorijos, paremtos deontologija ir utilitarizmu. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti bioetikos teorijose siūlomų etinių principų normatyvinį pagrįstumą. Moksliniame darbe yra atlikta lyginamoji bioetikos teorijų analizė, išanalizuotas teorinių bioetikos koncepcijų prielaidų pagrįstumas. Yra teigiama, kad analizuojamas bioetikos teorijas galima skirstyti pagal jų konstravimo podūdį į homogeniškas ir heterogeniškas. Homogeniškos teorijos tesia konkrečią etinę tradiciją (deontologijos ar utilitarizmo) ir siūlo spręsti bioetines kontroversijas, tokias kaip abortai, eunazija, pagelbstimoji savižudybė taikant konkrečias vertybines nuostatas, būdingas astovaujamai šakai. Heterogeniškos teorijos bando derinti deontologiją su utilitarizmu vienoje koncepcijoje, siekdamos pasiūlyti bioetinių kontroversijų sprendimo būdus priimtinus pliuralistinėje visuomenėje. Disertacijoje teigiama, kad deontologija ir utilitarizmu pagrįstos bioetinės teorijos nepasiūlo aiškių ir priimtinų principų, reikalingų sprendžiant bioetines kontroversijas. The object of dissertation is bioethical theories based on deontology and utilitarianism. The purpose of dissertation is to examine if ethical principles proposed in bioethical theories are normatively justified. In this work comparative analysis of bioethical theories is made and theoretical assumptions of bioethical conceptions are analyzed. It is stated that according to the construction manner of the analyzed bioethical theories it is possible to group these theories to homogenic and heterogenic ones. Homogenic theories are proceeding along particular ethical tradition (deontological or utilitarian) and propose to deal with bioethical controversies such as abortion, euthanasia, assisted suicide applying particular value-system. Heterogenic theories are trying to combine deontology with utilitarianism in one conception and in this way to propose method suitable for pluralistic society for dealing with bioethical controversies. In this work it is stated that bioethical theories based on deontology and utilitarianism do not introduce any clear and acceptable principles and methods needed for solving bioethical issues.

The object of dissertation is bioethical theories based on deontology and utilitarianism. The purpose of dissertation is to examine if ethical principles proposed in bioethical theories are normatively justified. In this work comparative analysis of bioethical theories is made and theoretical assumptions of bioethical conceptions are analyzed. It is stated that according to the construction manner of the analyzed bioethical theories it is possible to group these theories to homogenic and heterogenic ones. Homogenic theories are proceeding along particular ethical tradition (deontological or utilitarian) and propose to deal with bioethical controversies such as abortion, euthanasia, assisted suicide applying particular value-system. Heterogenic theories are trying to combine deontology with utilitarianism in one conception and in this way to propose method suitable for pluralistic society for dealing with bioethical controversies. In this work it is stated that bioethical theories based on deontology and utilitarianism do not introduce any clear and acceptable principles and methods needed for solving bioethical issues. Mokslinio darbo objektas - bioetikos teorijos, paremtos deontologija ir utilitarizmu. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti bioetikos teorijose siūlomų etinių principų normatyvinį pagrįstumą. Moksliniame darbe yra atlikta lyginamoji bioetikos teorijų analizė, išanalizuotas teorinių bioetikos koncepcijų prielaidų pagrįstumas. Yra teigiama, kad analizuojamas bioetikos teorijas galima skirstyti pagal jų konstravimo podūdį į homogeniškas ir heterogeniškas. Homogeniškos teorijos tesia konkrečią etinę tradiciją (deontologijos ar utilitarizmo) ir siūlo spręsti bioetines kontroversijas, tokias kaip abortai, eunazija, pagelbstimoji savižudybė taikant konkrečias vertybines nuostatas, būdingas astovaujamai šakai. Heterogeniškos teorijos bando derinti deontologiją su utilitarizmu vienoje koncepcijoje, siekdamos pasiūlyti bioetinių kontroversijų sprendimo būdus priimtinus pliuralistinėje visuomenėje. Disertacijoje teigiama, kad deontologija ir utilitarizmu pagrįstos bioetinės teorijos nepasiūlo aiškių ir priimtinų principų, reikalingų sprendžiant bioetines kontroversijas.

XX a. antroje pusėje įvykę esminiai pokyčiai – demokratizacijos procesai, rinkos santykių skverbimasis į mediciną, naujų technologijų taikymas diagnostikoje ir gydyme, riboti sveikatos priežiūros resursai – buvo tiesiogiai susijęs su paciento teisių ir laisvių pripažinimu. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti pacientų teisių raišką per gydytojo ir paciento santykius stacionarinėse asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose. Šiame darbe įvertinta pacientų bei gydytojų nuomonė apie paciento teisės į informaciją užtikrinimą ir jos įtaką paciento dalyvavimui priimant sprendimus. Išanalizuotas pacientų socialinių ir demografinių veiksnių ryšys su pacientų informuotumu apie jų ligą, medicininių tyrimų rezultatus, gydymo metodus, galimas gydymo pasekmes ir dalyvavimu priimant sprendimus. Palygintas gydytojų ir pacientų požiūris į abipusį pasitikėjimą ir konfidencialumo užtikrinimą stacionarinėse asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose. Atskleista gydytojų ir pacientų nuomonė apie įstatyme reglamentuojamą nuostatą apie valstybės laiduojamą sveikatos priežiūros užtikrinimą. Disertacijoje vertinama ne tik pacientų nuomonė apie jų teisių užtikrinimą gydantis stacionarinėse asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose, bet atskleidžiamos ir gydytojų problemos, su kuriomis jie susiduria, norėdami įgyvendinti Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymu reglamentuotas pacientų teises. Darbe akcentuojami ne tik pacientų teisių apribojimai ir suvaržymai, bet ir pabrėžiami nepakankami valstybės veiksmai užtikrinant realią ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] Essential changes in the society that occurred in the second half of the 20th century – the democratization processes, penetration of market relationships into medicine, application of new technologies in diagnostics and treatment, limited healthcare resources – were directly related to the recognition of patients’ rights and liberties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of patients’ rights through physician-patient relationships in inpatient personal healthcare units. Physicians’ and patients’ opinion about assurance of patients’ right to information and patients participation in decision-making was evaluated in this dissertation. The associations of patients’ social and demographic characteristics with the extent to which they are informed about their disease, the results of medical examinations, methods of treatment, possible treatment outcomes and participation in decision-making were analyzed. Physicians’ and patients’ attitudes towards mutual trust and confidentiality assurance in inpatients personal healthcare units were compared. Physicians’ and patients’ opinion about regulated provision of patients’ right to State-guaranteed free healthcare was revealed. This dissertation not only evaluates patients’ opinion about the assurance of their rights in inpatient personal healthcare units, but also discloses problems that physicians face when trying to implement patients’ rights regulated by the Law of the Republic of Lithuania. The study not only... [to full text]

Gydytojo ir paciento santykiai visais laikais buvo medicinos dėmesio centre. Naujų technologijų taikymas leido gydytojui turėti objektyviais duomenimis pagrįstą paciento sveikatos būklės vaizdą, todėl gydytojas mažiau linkęs gilintis į subjektyvius paciento išgyvenimus. Gydytojų-pacient�� santykių etinių problemų sprendimas neįmanomas be valstybės ekonominių, politinių ir teisinių veiksmų. Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti Prienų PSPC gydytojų ir pacientų santykių etinius aspektus pacientų požiūriu. Tyrimo metodai. 2007m. sausio – vasario mėn. buvo atlikta Prienų PSPC pacientų, kurie apsilankė pas BPG (n=304), anketinė apklausa. Duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant statistinės analizės paketą SPSS (9,0). Dviejų požymių priklausomumas buvo tiriamas naudojant χ² kriterijų. Nulinė hipotezė buvo atmetama, kai p

Darbo tikslas - įvertinti Kauno apskrities ligoninės gydytojų pasitenkinimą darbu. Uždaviniai 1. Atskleisti gydytojų požiūrį į profesiją ir bendrą profesinį pasitenkinimą. 2. Nustatyti bendrą gydytojų pasitenkinimo darbu lygį. 3. Išskirti gydytojų pasitenkinimą darbe lemiančius veiksnius. 4. Numatyti gydytojų pasitenkinimo darbu gerinimo galimybes. Tyrimo metodika Planuota, jog tiriamųjų populiaciją sudarys visi Kauno apskrities ligoninėje dirbantys gydytojai (301). Gydytojų apklausai vykdyti nedavė leidimo vieno Kauno apskrities ligoninės padalinio vadovas (padalinyje dirba 43 gydytojai). Todėl tyrimo metu buvo išdalintos 258 anketos, gauti 203 atsakymai (78,6 proc.). Klausimyno pagrįstumui įvertinti atlikta klausimyno psichometrinių savybių statistinė analizė. Anketiniai duomenys buvo apdoroti ir analizuojami naudojant statistinį duomenų analizės paketą SPSS 11,5. Rezultatai Absoliuti dauguma gydytojų (95,4 proc.) yra patenkinti savo profesija. Nepatenkinti gydytojai dažniau nei patenkinti nepasirinktų gydytojo specialybės ir patenkinti gydytojai dažniau nei nepatenkinti rekomenduotų savo vaikams rinktis gydytojo profesiją. Didžioji dalis gydytojų yra patenkinti savo darbu (85,7 proc.). Pusė arba daugiau kaip pusė apklausoje dalyvavusių gydytojų yra nepatenkinti tyrimo metu analizuotais pasitenkinimo darbu veiksniais. Nustatytas vidutinio stiprumo statistiškai reikšmingas koreliacinis ryšys tarp gydytojų pasitenkinimo darbu ir gydytojų ryšio su organizacija (r=0,26, p≤0,00... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] Aim of the thesis – to evaluate the satisfaction with the work of the physicians in Kaunas county hospital. Targets: 1. To reveal the attitude of the physicians towards the profession and general professional satisfaction. 2. To identify the general level of satisfaction of the physicians with the work. 3. To define the factors determining the satisfaction of the physicians in the workplace. 4. To draw the possibilities about the improvement of satisfaction of the physicians with the work. Methods of the research It was planned at the beginning that the study population will consist of all the physicians employed in Kaunas county hospital (301 total). The permission for the research wasn‘t obtained from one of the head of department in the hospital (there are 43 physicians employed in it). Totally, 258 questionnaires were distributed and 203 received (the response rate was 78.6 percent). For evaluation of the validation of questionnaire the statistical analysis of psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire was performed. The data of the survey was analysed using SPSS 11.5. Results The total majority of the respondents (95.4 percent) were satisfied with their profession. Nonsatisfied ones more often then the satisfied said they would never choose the specialty of physicians and satisfied respondents more then the nonsatisfied claimed they would recommend to choose the profession of physician for their children. Majority of the respondents were satisfied with the work (8... [to full text]