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From the point where the protagonist’s father gives his son permission to become a writer, several interventions by a fictive reader can be located in Proust’s novel; they could express the opinions and objections of the author’s father about literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degree to which individuals consider education to be a valuable pursuit varies. Beliefs differ regarding the perceived purpose of education and whether it is deemed necessary for future life course and employment success. In this study, we employ a longitudinal data set that follows a cohort of high school graduates over 28 years to examine how different types of extrinsic educational beliefs change from late youth to middle adulthood. Growth curve modelling generates insight into how ascriptive factors in relation to education and employment experiences have an impact on initial beliefs in late youth and how they change over time. General and work-based extrinsic belief statements exhibit both similar and dissimilar patterns of change in terms of ascriptive characteristics and life course experiences. Employment and post-secondary education are influential factors on both types of extrinsic educational beliefs. Women and individuals from highly educated backgrounds express more positive general - but not work-based - extrinsic educational beliefs in late youth. Nevertheless, there is a trend of convergence with men and individuals without highly educated parents over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers literary criticism of the novel "True Grit," by Charles Portis. Topics include the role of activism in the U.S. political context of the book's 1968 publication, the role of paternalism and social institutions in the situation of the character Mattie in the novel, and the notion of self-determination in the novel's account of Mattie. The portrayal of violence against Mattie in the novel is noted.

The Brontës’ many striking depictions of landowners are rife with ambiguities, particularly as these characters are seldom presented at work in their traditional roles as landlord and magistrate. While the Victorian landed gentleman’s status was partially predicated on not having to work for money, both the new Victorian professional ideal and traditional conceptions of paternalist care affected the ways this class was viewed by middle-class commentators at mid-century. In the Brontës’ novels, traditional paternalist responsibilities are fused with aspects of the professional ideal in depictions of reformed landed gentlemen, but even this new, ideal figure is represented as unsatisfactory. In this article, I consider how landowners were written about in contemporary periodicals and how the Brontës engage with these expectations. The Irish tenant and landlord problem, which was covered extensively in the periodical press, shaped Emily Brontë’sWuthering Heightsin a profound way, as the novel serves as an important, but until now overlooked, reworking of Maria Edgeworth’s representations of landowning masculinity inCastle Rackrent(1800). The Brontës repeatedly depict landowners retreating into the domestic sphere, which I argue forms an implicit narrative challenge to this figure’s social authority. This article opens up new ground for the examination of Victorian discourse on professionalization in relation to the Brontës’ works and a consideration of the ways in which this discourse was applied to landowners both in the periodical press and the Victorian novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism of the novel "On Beauty" by Zadie Smith is presented. Subjects explored include neoliberalism, race, humanism, and identity politics. Other topics considered include paternalism, democracy, the ideal other.

The work of Jacques Lacan enables us to understand why, in James Joyce's short story 'Eveline,' the young woman refuses to board the ship to elope with her lover; the short story, in turn, enables us to better understand the Lacanian paternal metaphor and its function. This second aim is particularly pertinent in the case of Lacanian theory, reputedly opaque and, with the inclusion of algebraic like formulae, appearing divorced from actual human beings and their emotions. Examining Lacan's concept in conjunction with a close reading of the story, two phrases, the father's and the mother's, can be seen as depicting the failure of the paternal metaphor. This in turn accounts for the last-minute refusal to embark, thereby resolving the enigma posed by the story and also connecting a Lacanian formula with an emotion: the anguish in the final scene being the consequence of the deficit of the metaphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism of the book "L'amour, la fantasia," by novelist Assia Djebar is presented. Author discussed various topics including representation of the father figure, its representation in other two autobiographical novels, brief description of the character Tahar and his influence on his daughter at different periods of her life. Novel further discussed personality of Arab and Berber women as presented in the book.

The article presents a study fcocused on analyzing diverse representations of the father figure in the Francophone African novels. Various topics discussed include representation of the father in African women writings, dismantling of phallocentric system for reducing position of father to a child by colonial paternalism, narration of their sufferings.

A literary criticism of the first Zapotec novel "Cantares de los vientos primerizos/Wila che be ze lhao: Novela zapoteca," by Javier Castellano Martínez is presented. Intended for a broad nonindigenous audience, it discusses contemporary issues for Mexican indigenous communities aimed at promoting greater autonomy for Mexican and other indigenous groups. Other topics include authorship, history of mediation and paternalism in Mexican indigenous fiction, and picaresque literary traditions.

An essay is presented on the context of enlightened paternalism rhetoric and southern reconstruction in the book "Waiting for the Verdict" by Rebecca Harding Davis in line to racism in the U.S. It examines the text of the book and alliance of Davis with the advocacy of African American vocational training. The author also highlights the book's racial exploitation.

This article offers a critical exploration of social studies textbooks and allied curriculum materials used in New South Wales primary schools between 1930 and 1960, and of the way in which these texts positioned, discussed, and assessed Aboriginal Australians. With reference to European commitments to Enlightenment philosophies and social Darwinian views of race and culture, the author argues that Aboriginal peoples were essentialized via a discourse of paternalism and cultural and biological inferiority. Thus othered in narratives of Australian identity and national progress, Aboriginal Australians were ascribed a role as marginalized spectators or as a primitive and disappearing anachronism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature in Swaziland is a relatively recent phenomenon, and literary production by Swazi writers in siSwati and in English is somewhat limited. In turn, only minimal scholarly attention has been directed towards the nation's literature. This article offers a preliminary study of selected anglophone fiction, situating the texts within the genre of popular literature and examining how institutional and cultural forces have influenced its production and reception. I find that the generic constraints of the popular novel form often inhibit any real critique of oppressive paternalism embedded in local custom and tradition, while the more fully individualized short fiction attempts various forms of intervention. As a result, the authors produce contradictory visions of a postindependence Swaziland across their fiction, as their novels conform to the conventional demands of a publishing house concerned primarily with marketing educational texts, while their more textured short fiction often displays a marked ambivalence towards traditional structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the Duque de Rivas did not live to see the debut of his drama El desengaño en unsueño , according to many friends and biographers the drama was his favourite dramatic work. Despite the author's feelings for it, the play continues to suffer from decades of scholarly neglect. The drama appears to be a harsh condemnation of the author's previous rebellion against paternal authority, or the AntiguoRégimen. In this essay, however, I argue that while Rivas was indeed becoming more ideologically conservative at the time he was writing El desengaño en un sueño, the presentation of paternal authority is more complex than critics have previously acknowledged, that a closer reading of the drama alongside his earlier drama Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino suggests a continued ambivalence on Rivas’ part towards paternal authority and that, in many ways, the hero Lisardo is more of a liberal Romantic than his mestizo predecessor. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents literary criticism of the book "Helen Fleetwood" by Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna. Particular focus is given to the religious aspects of child labor in the novel. According to the author, the text conveys a mixture of conformist and reformist ideas of class conflict and childhood. It is suggested that Tonna saw the sufferings of child laborers as part of a larger divine plan leading to salvation. Other topics include paternalism and the genre of social-problem novels.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the critical discourses on literary glory, psychical research, and failure of paternal metaphor.

The article analyzes the novel "White Noise" by Don DeLillo. It focuses on the protagonist Jack Gladney and his attempts to establish his masculinity and paternal authority as well as his control of his family through epistemological disengagement. The author suggests that Jack's determination towards detachment and reservedness ultimately construes his awareness of reality and attempts to protect his family.