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Background: Though studies on maxillary overdentures show satisfying results on implant survival, patient-related outcomes and prosthetic complications, the epidemiology of peri-implant diseases in this specific group of patients has hardly been reported. While the general patient-level prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are estimated at similar to 45% and similar to 20%, respectively, the risk of developing these diseases within a specific period is less dear. To fully appreciate the epidemiology of peri-implant diseases, more long-term data on incidence of peri-implant diseases are needed.Purpose: The purpose of this sub-analysis of two prospective studies was to assess the incidence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in fully edentulous patients with implant-retained maxillary overdentures during a 10-year follow-up period.Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixteen patients treated with implant-supported maxillary overdentures were available from two clinical trials. Data on biological complications, clinical and radiographical parameters were collected for 106 patients at 5-year, for 82 patients at 10-year follow-up. The incidence was calculated following the consensus of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. Extent and severity then were calculated to enable an appropriate epidemiological description of peri-implantitis.Results: The patient-level incidence of peri-implant mucositis was 37.7% after 5 years and 64.6% after 10 years whereas the patient-level incidence of peri-implantitis was 10.4% after 5 years and 19.5% after 10 years. After 10 years, the extent of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis is 52.8% and 43.8%, respectively. In terms of severity, 26.5% of all affected implants suffered from >3 mm bone loss and 17.6% of all affected implants was lost.Conclusion: Three of five fully edentulous patients with implant-supported maxillary overdentures experience peri-implant mucositis after 10 years. Peri-implantitis occurs in one of five patients after 10 years. In spite of these incidence rates, implant survival remains high.

A new model is proposed for the consolidation of hybrid textiles, in which air entrapment and dissolution are considered. One of the key parameters is tow permeability, which is described by the analytical model of Gebart and validated at very high fibre volume fractions by direct tow permeability measurement. The model also takes into account the presence of fibres limiting gas diffusion in the molten polymer. Experimental validation of the proposed model is then conducted with quasi-unidirectional glass textile and either polypropylene or polyethylene by measuring the impregnation degree as a function of the consolidation time. Good agreement is found between predictions and measurements for the two matrix systems at different pressures. It is shown that entrapped air significantly influences impregnation. The model offers new and comprehensive insights about the phenomena taking place during consolidation and enables future process optimization.

The establishment of a single European day-ahead market has accomplished the integration of the regional day-ahead markets. However, reserve provision and activation remain an exclusive responsibility of regional operators. This limited spatial coordination and the separated structure hinder the efficient utilization of flexible generation and transmission, since their capacities have to be ex-ante allocated between energy and reserves. To promote reserve exchange, recent work proposed a preemptive model that withdraws a portion of the inter-area transmission capacity available from day-ahead energy for reserves by minimizing the expected system cost. This decision-support tool, formulated as a stochastic bilevel program, respects the current architecture but does not suggest area-specific costs that guarantee sufficient benefits for areas to accept the solution. To this end, we formulate a preemptive model in a framework that allows application of game theory methods to obtain a stable benefit allocation, i.e., an outcome immune to coalitional deviations ensuring willingness of areas to coordinate. We show that benefit allocation mechanisms can be formulated either at the day-ahead or the real-time stages, in order to distribute the expected or the scenario-specific benefits, respectively. For both games, the proposed benefits achieve minimal stability violation, while allowing for a tractable computation with limited queries to the bilevel program. Our case studies, based on an illustrative and a more realistic test case, compare our method with well-studied benefit allocations, namely, the Shapley value and nucleolus, and analyze the factors that drive these allocations (e.g., flexibility, network structure, wind correlations). We show that our method performs better in stability and tractability., Omega (United Kingdom), 113

A total of 20 urban neighbourhood-scale eddy covariance flux tower datasets are made openly available after being harmonized to create a 50 site–year collection with broad diversity in climate and urban surface characteristics. Variables needed as inputs for land surface models (incoming radiation, temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind and precipitation) are quality controlled, gap-filled and prepended with 10 years of reanalysis-derived local data, enabling an extended spin up to equilibrate models with local climate conditions. For both gap filling and spin up, ERA5 reanalysis meteorological data are bias corrected using tower-based observations, accounting for diurnal, seasonal and local urban effects not modelled in ERA5. The bias correction methods developed perform well compared to methods used in other datasets (e.g. WFDE5 or FLUXNET2015). Other variables (turbulent and upwelling radiation fluxes) are harmonized and quality controlled without gap filling. Site description metadata include local land cover fractions (buildings, roads, trees, grass etc.), building height and morphology, aerodynamic roughness estimates, population density and satellite imagery. This open collection can help extend our understanding of urban environmental processes through observational synthesis studies or in the evaluation of land surface environmental models in a wide range of urban settings. These data can be accessed from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7104984 (Lipson et al., 2022).

The coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2, has to date resulted in an estimated global death toll of more than 1.5 million with more than 69 million reported cases worldwide. It has become increasingly clear that delivery of effective neurointerventional clinical care means maintaining an able and safe workforce in a rapidly changing environment. Staff and physician protection has become increasingly topical and relevant within the angiography suite both in peripheral and cardiac intervention and in neurointervention. The following review outlines the types of personal protective equipment relevant to neurointerventional care, summarises society guidelines and makes recommendations for the provision of safe care to both staff and patients.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the healthcare system in a major way generally. Healthcare re-organization of resources and manpower, establishing management protocols and specific patients’ pathways are all evolving with the continuously changing situation. Neuro-vascular management and its re-organization are part of these global measures to cope with this pandemic in a way to establish less risky patients’ pathways, help in patients’ triage, protecting the staff by introducing training and applying safety measures and to manage neuro-vascular emergencies and elective activity. We here describe the situation of the pandemic affecting neuro-vascular interventions and propose our recommendations for patients’ triage, resources management and organization, remote solutions and preparations for any future waves.

At the time of this writing, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic continues to be a global threat, disrupting usual processes, and protocols for delivering health care around the globe. There have been significant regional and national differences in the scope and timing of these disruptions. Many hospitals were forced to temporarily halt elective neurointerventional procedures with the first wave of the pandemic in the spring of 2020, in order to prioritize allocation of resources for acutely ill patients and also to minimize coronavirus disease 2019 transmission risks to non-acute patients, their families, and health care workers. This temporary moratorium on elective neurointerventional procedures is generally credited with helping to “flatten the curve” and direct scarce resources to more acutely ill patients; however, there have been reports of some delaying seeking medical care when it was in fact urgent, and other reports of patients having elective treatment delayed with the result of morbidity and mortality. Many regions have resumed elective neurointerventional procedures, only to now watch coronavirus disease 2019 positivity rates again climbing as winter of 2020 approaches. A new wave is now forecast which may have larger volumes of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients than the earlier wave(s) and may also coincide with a wave of patients hospitalized with seasonal influenza. This paper discusses relevant and practical elements of cessation and safe resumption of nonemergent neurointerventional services in the setting of a pandemic.

Purpose: The highest work-rate that provides maximal oxygen uptake ( O-2max) may be one of the best exercise stimuli to yield both O-2max and lactate accumulation. The aim of this study was to analyze physiological and metabolic acute responses of an exercise modality performed at the upper boundary of the severe exercise domain, and compare those responses with exercise modalities applied within the severe exercise domain. Method: Ten trained male cyclists participated in this study. The O-2max, corresponding power output (POVO2max), and the highest work-rate that provides the O-2max (IHIGH) were determined by constant work-rate exercises. Cyclists performed three high-intensity interval training (HIIT) strategies as follows; HIIT-1: 4-6 x 3-min at 95% of POVO2max with 1:1 (workout/rest ratio); HIIT-2: 16-18 x 1-min at 105% of POVO2max with 1:1; HIIT-3: 4-7 x 1-2-min at the IHIGH with 1:2. Capillary blood samples were analyzed before, immediately after HIIT sessions, and at the first, third, and fifth minutes of recovery periods. Lactate difference between the highest lactate response and resting status was considered as the peak lactate response for each HIIT modality. Results: Time spent at O-2max was greater at HIIT-1 and HIIT-3 (272 +/- 127 and 208 +/- 111 seconds, respectively; p = 0.155; effect size = 0.43) when compared to the HIIT-2 (similar to 26 seconds; p < 0.001), while there was a greater lactate accumulation at HIIT-3 (similar to 16 mmol.L- 1) when compared to HIIT-1 and HIIT-2 (12 and 14 mmol.L-1, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, HIIT-3 performed at IHIGH was successful to provide time spent at O-2max with a greater lactate accumulation in a single session., Ege University, Scientific Research Projects Fund [17], This work was supported by the Ege University, Scientific Research Projects Fund (17.BESYO.003).

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the lowest energy access rates in the world, which poses a key barrier to power system development. Deployment of renewables, including wind and solar power, will play a key role in expanding electricity supply across SSA: distributed generation (enabling access for remote communities), cost-effectiveness and low emissions are key advantages. However, renewable generation is weather dependent; therefore, including more renewables increases the amount of meteorologically driven variability in the power system. Two countries in SSA are chosen for detailed investigation of this meteorologically driven variability: Senegal in West Africa and Kenya in East Africa. These are chosen due to being areas of dense population, where there is operational wind and solar power, and plans for regional expansion. In Senegal, solar generation is fairly consistent throughout the year, while wind generation exhibits strong seasonality, with a peak in the boreal spring. Low wind and solar power generation days during the boreal summer are found to be related to the passage of African Easterly Waves. Over Kenya, both wind and solar generation exhibit seasonal variability, with wind generation peaking during boreal autumn, and solar generation at a minimum during boreal summer. Inter-annual variability in generation is greater over Kenya than over Senegal; the El Nino Southern Oscillation is found to impact wind and solar generation over Kenya. El Nino phases are associated with lower wind and solar generation in October–December over Kenya, but higher generation in July–September. This improved understanding of variability will assist system planners in designing reliable future energy systems.

On the road to real applications, although there are lots of efforts focusing on mechanical and physical features in the literature, their machining abilities were examined in a very limited manner. In this study, machining properties of pumice reinforced AA7075 syntactic foams manufactured via the newly offered sandwich infiltration technique were investigated by performing face turning. Physical and microstructural (optical and SEM works) analyses were conducted on fabricated foams to carry out sample characterization. All machining forces were measured for different cutting speeds (25, 50, and 100 m/min) and feed rates (0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 mm/rev). After the turning operation, areal surface roughness values were measured using a 3D surface profilometer and material removal rate (MRR) values were calculated. Besides, chip mixtures including pumice and metal fragments were collected to probe chip morphology in detail. The results showed that machining forces were affected by the operation parameters differently, and the lowest surface roughness was detected at the cutting speed of 100 m/min and 0.05 mm/rev feed rate. Furthermore, the shape of the metal chips changed from long/continuous characteristic to saw-tooth morphology depending on increasing cutting speed levels while pumice particles exhibited breakaway tendency as the feed rates went up.

In this work, mixtures of increasing viscosity (from 0.9 to ≈720 mPas) are sonicated directly using an ultrasonic horn at 30 kHz to investigate the effect of viscosity on the ultrasound field both from an experimental and numerical point of view. The viscosity of the mixtures is modified by preparing water-polyethylene glycol solutions. The impact of the higher viscosity on the acoustic pressure distribution is studied qualitatively and semi-quantitatively using sonochemiluminescence. The velocity of light scattering particles added in the mixtures is also explored to quantify acoustic streaming effects using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). A numerical model is developed that is able to predict cavitationally active zones accounting for both thermoviscous and cavitation based attenuation. The results show that two cavitation zones exist: one directly under the horn tip and one around the part of the horn body that is immersed in the liquid. The erosion patterns on aluminum foil confirm the existence of both zones. The intensity of the cavitationally active zones decreases considerably with increasing viscosity of the solutions. A similar reduction trend is observed for the velocity of the particles contained in the jet directly under the tip of the horn. Less erratic flow patterns relate to the high viscosity mixtures tested. Finally, two numerical models were made combining different boundary conditions related to the ultrasonic horn. Only the model that includes the radial horn movements is able to qualitatively predict well the location of the cavitation zones and the decrease of the zones intensity, for the highest viscosities studied. The current findings should be taken into consideration in the design and modelling phase of horn based sonochemical reactors. ispartof: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry vol:97 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: Published online

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of prehabilitation in patients with degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine who are scheduled for spine surgery.DESIGN: Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis.LITERATURE SEARCH: Seven electronic databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials or propensity-matched cohorts.STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies that measured the effect of prehabilitation interventions (ie, exercise therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]) on physical functioning, pain, complications, adverse events related to prehabilitation, health-related quality of life, psychological outcomes, length of hospital stay, use of analgesics, and return to work were included.DATA SYNTHESIS: Data were extracted at baseline (preoperatively) and at short-term (6 weeks or less), medium-term (greater than 6 weeks and up to 6 months), and long-term (greater than 6 months) follow-ups. Pooled effects were analyzed as mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.RESULTS: Cognitive behavioral therapy interventions were no more effective than usual care for all outcomes. Pooled effect sizes were -2.0 (95% CI: -4.4, 0.4) for physical functioning, -1.9 (95% CI: -5.2, 1.4) for back pain, and -0.4 (95% CI: -4.1, 0.4) for leg pain. Certainty of evidence for CBT ranged from very low to low. Only 1 study focused on exercise therapy and found a positive effect on short-term outcomes.CONCLUSION: There was very low-certainty to low-certainty evidence of no additional effect of CBT interventions on outcomes in patients scheduled for lumbar surgery. Existing evidence was too limited to draw conclusions about the effects of exercise therapy.

This study evaluates the performance of four bulk-type microphysics schemes, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) double-moment 6-class (WDM6), WRF double-moment 7-class (WDM7), Thompson, and Morrison, focusing on hydrometeors and microphysics budgets in the WRF model version 4.1.3. Eight snowstorm cases, which can be sub-categorized as cold-low, warm-low, and air–sea interaction cases are selected, depending on the synoptic environment during the International Collaborative Experiment for Pyeongchang Olympics and Paralympics (ICE-POP 2018) field campaign. All simulations present a positive bias in the simulated surface precipitation for cold-low and warm-low cases. Furthermore, the simulations for the warm-low cases show a higher probability of detection score than simulations for the cold-low and air–sea interaction cases even though the simulations fail to capture the accurate transition layer for wind direction. WDM6 and WDM7 simulate abundant cloud ice for the cold-low and warm-low cases, and thus snow is mainly generated by aggregation. Meanwhile, Thompson and Morrison schemes simulate insignificant cloud ice amounts, especially over the lower atmosphere, where cloud water is simulated instead. Snow in the Thompson and Morrison schemes is mainly formed by the accretion between snow and cloud water and deposition. The melting process is analyzed as a key process to generate rain in all schemes. The discovered positive precipitation bias for the warm-low and cold-low cases can be mitigated by reducing the melting efficiency in all schemes. The contribution of melting to rain production is reduced for the air–sea interaction case with decreased solid-phase hydrometeors and increased cloud water in all simulations.

We present results from an experimental investigation on flow boiling, in the slug flow regime, of refrigerant R245fa through a 12.6-mm inner diameter horizontal plain pipe using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and an interface detection method. The study is supplemented by an overview of the state-of-the-art in experimental research of two-phase dispersed pipe flows and the development of modern optical and laser-based full-field non-intrusive measurement techniques as applied to these flows. We consider different flow conditions, with heat fluxes over the range 5.3 to 7.9 kW/m2 and mass fluxes from 300 to 460 kg/m2•s. Significant disturbances in the instantaneous velocity fields are revealed in both the noses and tails of slugs, with their values being two times higher behind vapour bubbles. The slug passage frequency is determined based on the results of the interface detection method. The vapour bubble velocity is found to increase linearly with the interfacial velocity of the two-phase mixture, while its gradient grows with the heat flux. Moreover, at increased heat fluxes the bubbles may move even faster than the mixture itself, which implies that they must significantly enhance local turbulence, thereby additionally intensifying heat transfer. In addition to the conclusions, we provide practical recommendations for possible future research in this particular field of fluid mechanics and the further development of sophisticated laser-based measurement techniques for boiling, and similar, flows.

Data-intensive computing applications, such as object recognition, time series prediction, and optimization tasks, are becoming increasingly important in several fields, including smart mobility, health, and industry. Because of the large amount of data involved in the computation, the conventional von Neumann architecture suffers from excessive latency and energy consumption due to the memory bottleneck. A more efficient approach consists of in-memory computing (IMC), where computational operations are directly carried out within the data. IMC can take advantage of the rich physics of memory devices, such as their ability to store analog values to be used in matrix-vector multiplication (MVM) and their stochasticity that is highly valuable in the frame of optimization and constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs). This article presents a stochastic spiking neuron based on a phase-change memory (PCM) device for the solution of CSPs within a Hopfield recurrent neural network (RNN). In the RNN, the PCM cell is used as the integrating element of a stochastic neuron, supporting the solution of a typical CSP, namely a Sudoku puzzle in hardware. Finally, the ability to solve Sudoku puzzles using RNNs with PCM-based neurons is studied for increasing size of Sudoku puzzles by a compact simulation model, thus supporting our PCM-based RNN for data-intensive computing.

Precipitation falling over the coastal regions of Antarctica often experiences low-level sublimation within the dry katabatic layer. The amount of water that reaches the ground surface is thereby considerably reduced. This paper investigates the synoptic conditions and the atmospheric transport pathways of moisture that lead to either virga – when precipitation is completely sublimated – or actual surface precipitation events over coastal Adélie Land, East Antarctica. For this purpose, the study combines ground-based lidar and radar measurements at Dumont d'Urville station (DDU), Lagrangian back trajectories, Eulerian diagnostics of extratropical cyclones and fronts, and moisture source estimations. It is found that precipitating systems at DDU are associated with warm fronts of cyclones that are located to the west of Adélie Land. Virga – corresponding to 36 % of the hours with precipitation above DDU – and surface precipitation cases are associated with the same precipitating system but they correspond to different phases of the event. Virga cases more often precede surface precipitation. They sometimes follow surface precipitation in the warm sector of the cyclone's frontal system, when the associated cyclone has moved to the east of Adélie Land and the precipitation intensity has weakened. On their way to DDU, the air parcels that ultimately precipitate above the station experience a large-scale lifting across the warm front. The lifting generally occurs earlier in time and farther from the station for virga than for precipitation. It is further shown that the water contained in the snow falling above DDU during pre-precipitation virga has an oceanic origin farther away (about 30∘ more to the west) from Adélie Land than the one contained in the snow that precipitates down to the ground surface.

To be competitive against other renewable energy sources, energy converted from the ocean waves needs to reduce its associated levelised cost of energy. It has been proven that advanced control algorithms can increase power production and device reliability. They act throughout the power conversion chain, from the hydrodynamics of wave absorption to the power take-off to improve the energy yield. The present work highlights the development and test of several algorithms to control the biradial turbine which is to be installed in the Mutriku oscillating water column plant. A collection of adaptive and predictive controllers is explored and both turbine speed controllers and latching strategies are examined. A Wave to-Wire model of one chamber of the plant is detailed and simulation results of six control laws are obtained. The controllers are then validated using an electrical test infrastructure to prepare the future deployment in the plant. Finally, the control strategies are assessed against criteria like energy production, power quality or reliability. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 654444 (OPERA Project). This work was financed by GV/EJ (Basque Country Government) under grants IT1324-19. The second author was partially funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through IDMEC, under LAETA PEst-OE/EME/LA0022 by FCT researcher grant No. IF/01457/2014. The authors acknowledge AZTI Tecnalia for wave resource data measured at the plant.

Three different power-to-methane process chains with grid injection in two scales (1 MWel and 6 MWel) were analysed regarding their investment and operation cost. The process chains were based on biological or catalytic bubbling fluidised bed methanation in combination with proton exchange membrane or solid oxide electrolyser cells. A bottom-up techno-economic analysis showed a cost benefit of around 17–19% lower biomethane production cost for the bubbling fluidised bed technology as less than a third of the reactor volumes is required for catalytic methanation. This cost benefit is only given in combination with PEM electrolysis, as the high-temperature electrolyser stacks currently result in high investment cost. Based on electricity cost of 5 €-ct/kWhel and a plant size of 6 MWel, biomethane production cost of 13.95 €-ct./kWh for catalytic and 17.30 €-ct/kWh for biological methanation could be obtained, both including PEM electrolysis. A significant efficiency increase by integrating the heat of catalytic methanation reaction with the high-temperature electrolysis can be achieved; however investment cost have to decrease below 1000 €/kWel to obtain economically feasible production cost of biomethane. Under current economic and technological circumstances, CO2 methanation using the bubbling fluidised bed technology is the most cost effective.

Many recent studies have diagnosed opposite-signed diffusion eigenvalues to be a prevalent feature of the transfer tensor for diffusive tracer transport by oceanic mesoscale eddies. This diagnosed tensor, which we refer to as the diffusion tensor, therefore accounts for tracer filamentation effects. The preferential orientation of this filamentation is quantified by the principal axis of the diffusion tensor, namely the diffusion axis. Parameterisations of eddy diffusion commonly invoke a diffusion tensor, typically one with non-negative eigenvalues to avoid numerical issues. Motivated by the need to parameterise tracer filamentation, in this study we examine diffusion of a Gaussian tracer patch with imposed opposite-signed diffusion eigenvalues, and in particular we focus on the time scale for the onset of instability. For a fixed diffusion axis, numerical instability is an inevitable consequence of persistent up-gradient fluxes associated with the negative eigenvalue. For typical oceanic scales and diffusion magnitudes, this time scale is of the order of $100$ days, but is shorter for larger negative eigenvalues or for finer grid resolutions. We show that imposing a time-dependent diffusion axis can lead to simulations with no onset of instability after 100 000 days of tracer evolution. Although motivated by oceanographic fluid dynamics, our results have much broader applications since diffusive processes are present in a wide range of fluid flows.

International journal of material forming 15(5), 61 (2022). doi:10.1007/s12289-022-01672-w special issue: "ESAFORM 25 Years On", Published by Springer, Paris [u.a.]

The sampling protocols for the official control of the levels of mycotoxins in foodstuffs are very costly and time-consuming. More efforts are needed to implement alternative sampling plans able to support official control, or to adapt the current ones. The aim of the research carried out within the European Horizon 2020 MycoKey project was to evaluate the applicability at industrial scale of the dust sampling approach to detect multiple mycotoxins in grains. To this end, two trials were performed on an EU industrial site: (i) control of the unloading of wheat from train wagons; (ii) control of the unloading of wheat from trucks. In line with previous studies, the MycoKey results indicated that dust sampling and mycotoxin analysis represent a fitness for purpose approach for non–destructive and rapid identification of wheat commodities compliant to the maximum permitted levels. Based on reviewed and newly generated results, this article discusses potential applications and limits of the dust sampling methodology, identifying future research needs.