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Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

UV light is a potent mutagen that induces bulky DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Photodamage and other bulky lesions occurring in nuclear genomes can be repaired through nucleotide excision repair (NER), where incisions on both sides of a damaged site precede the removal of a single-stranded oligonucleotide containing the damage. Mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) are also susceptible to damage from UV light, but current evidence suggests that the only way to eliminate bulky mtDNA damage is through mtDNA degradation. Damage-containing oligonucleotides excised during NER can be captured with antidamage antibodies and sequenced (XR-seq) to produce high-resolution maps of active repair locations following UV exposure. We analyzed previously published datasets from Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and Drosophila melanogaster to identify reads originating from the mtDNA (and plastid genome in A. thaliana). In A. thaliana and S. cerevisiae , the mtDNA-mapping reads have unique length distributions compared to the nuclear-mapping reads. The dominant fragment size was 26 nt in S. cerevisiae and 28 nt in A. thaliana with distinct secondary peaks occurring in regular intervals. These reads also show a nonrandom distribution of di-pyrimidines (the substrate for CPD formation) with TT enrichment at positions 7–8 of the reads. Therefore, UV damage to mtDNA appears to result in production of DNA fragments of characteristic lengths and positions relative to the damaged location. The mechanisms producing these fragments are unclear, but we hypothesize that they result from a previously uncharacterized DNA degradation pathway or repair mechanism in mitochondria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the connection between osteoclastic forkhead transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) and periodontitis and explore the underlying mechanism by which FoxO1 knockdown regulates osteoclast formation. Materials and Methods: A conventional ligature‐induced periodontitis model was constructed to reveal the alterations in the proportion of osteoclastic FoxO1 in periodontitis via immunofluorescence staining. Additionally, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms of FoxO1 knockdown‐mediated osteoclastogenesis, followed by western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: FoxO1+ osteoclasts were enriched in the alveolar bone in experimental periodontitis. Moreover, FoxO1 knockdown led to impaired osteoclastogenesis with low expression of osteoclast differentiation‐related genes, accompanied by an insufficient osteoclast maturation phenotype. Mechanistically, RNA‐seq revealed that the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathways were inhibited in FoxO1‐knockdown osteoclasts. Consistent with this, MCC950, an effective inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, substantially attenuated osteoclast formation. Conclusions: FoxO1 knockdown contributed to the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by effectively suppressing NF‐κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This prospective study reveals the role of FoxO1 in mediating osteoclastogenesis and provides a viable therapeutic target for periodontitis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Ecology is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Effective pathogen detection is essential for plant disease control. However, plant sample preparation for downstream assays, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), is challenging to perform outside of a laboratory. This paper reports two sample preparation methods featuring chemical and mechanical lysis and nucleic acid extraction using a micro-homogenizer, followed by serial dilution or nucleic acid purification with a paper disk before assay. Five minutes of lysis and extraction resulted in DNA and RNA yields of up to 76.5% and 63.3%, respectively, compared to mortar and pestle controls. Crude lysates were unsuitable for direct use in qPCR assays; however, serial dilution or quick wash using chromatography paper rendered samples ready for such assays. Additionally, the nucleic acids stored on paper disks under various storage conditions remained stable for one month. These methods can facilitate the in-field preparation of citrus samples and allow for both onsite and mail-in diagnostics for growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel design and set up of paper chromatography in the form of radial serpentine arms laying horizontally is proposed. The consumption of mobile phase is reduced to be 1 mL or less as compared to the tens of mL typically used in the conventional set ups for ascending paper chromatography, without any change in the order of the separated components. Greenness measurement based on the ChlorTox value is approximately 25, when comparing to a conventional system that consumes 25 mL of mobile phase. A digital image of the chemical separation makes data analysis more feasible as the image can be kept, and hence, extending the time for data analysis. The Retention Factor (Rf) value from a serpentine shaped stationary phase can be calculated based on measurement of linear distances of the solvent front and those travelled by each component, and converting them to arclengths using the mathematical equation of a catenary wave that produces that particular design. Proof of concept is demonstrated by the separation of food dyes using a two solvent system, where a nonvolatile salt solution is followed by a volatile organic solvent mixture of alcohols and base. Relationships between concentration, color intensity (RGB values), and zone arclength are also demonstrated which indicate possibility of quantitative study on the serpentine design using digital image analysis.

Infiltration of binary solution of hexane and ethanol into chromatography paper associated with their evaporation was found to generate unexpected initial rapid advancement of wicking front followed by its receding and readvancing in our previous research. In the present study, paper chromatography development of hydrophobic dye, Sudan III, and hydrophilic dye, Acid Blue 9, was carried out using binary solutions of hexane and ethanol in open environment, allowing the developing solvent been evaporated. Sudan III was developed with initial rapid advancing wicking front, while Acid Blue 9 was scarcely developed. On the other hand, Acid Blue 9 was developed with the readvancing second wicking front, while the spot of Sudan III scarcely migrated. Thus, the unexpected illusional phenomenon, overtaking the spot of Sudan III by the spot of Acid Blue 9, was observed. The readvancement of the second wicking front was found to be enhanced as increasing the relative humidity in the environment. Surface temperature of the chromatography paper was measured during the chromatographic development in open environment to show that it became lower than the dew point when the experiments were carried out in relatively high humidity. Solubility of Sudan III in a binary solution of ethanol and water remarkably decreased as increasing the content of water. It was thus suggested that the water vapor condensation to induce water mixing into the mobile phase to decrease the solubility of Sudan III to inhibit its chromatographic development to realize the illusional spot overtaking of dyes of their chromatographic development associated with solvent evaporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Blood clots are formed when blood vessels are injured. They help stop bleeding and heal wounds, but can also cause serious problems if they block blood flow or break off and travel to other organs. This study investigates how blood clots differ in people with cancer compared to healthy or non-cancerous individuals. This study found that cancer patients have higher levels of histones in their blood, which make their clots stiffer and resistant to lysis. Further, clots formed in cancer patients have higher viscoelastic properties, and hence are harder to break down. These findings suggest that cancer patients have abnormal clotting properties that may increase their risk of developing thrombosis, and evaluating these properties can be helpful in detecting cancer. Background: Blood viscoelasticity and plasma protein levels can play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. However, the role of histones and DNA in modulating blood clot properties remains to be investigated. This study investigates the differences in blood viscoelasticity and plasma protein levels among cancer patients, individuals with other diseases, and healthy individuals. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 101 participants, including 45 cancer patients, 22 healthy individuals, and 34 individuals with other diseases. Rheological properties of clots formed in vitro by reconstituted elements of fibrinogen or plasma were analyzed with an Anton Paar Rheometer, USA. Plasma protein levels of D-dimer, TPA, EPCR, fibrinogen, and histone H3 were measured through ELISA. Blood clots were formed with or without DNA and histones (H3) by adding thrombin and calcium to plasma samples, and were evaluated for viscoelasticity, permeability, and degradation. Results: Cancer patients show higher blood viscoelasticity and plasma D-dimer levels compared to healthy individuals and individuals with other diseases. Our in vitro analysis showed that the addition of histone to the plasma results in a significant decrease in viscoelasticity and mean fiber thickness of the clot formed thereafter. In parallel studies, using plasma from patients, DNA and histones were detected in fibrin clots and were associated with less degradation by t-PA. Moreover, our results show that the presence of DNA and histones not only increases clots' permeability, but also makes them more prone to degradation. Conclusions: Plasma histones and DNA affect the structure of the clot formed and induce defective fibrinolysis. Moreover, the increased viscoelastic properties of plasma from cancer patients can be used as potential biomarkers in cancer prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims Cress seeds release allelochemicals that over-stimulate the elongation of hypocotyls of neighbouring (potentially competing) seedlings and inhibit their root growth. The hypocotyl promoter is potassium, but the root inhibitor was unidentified; its nature is investigated here. Methods Low-molecular-weight cress-seed exudate (LCSE) from imbibed Lepidium sativum seeds was fractionated by phase partitioning, paper chromatography, high-voltage electrophoresis and gel-permeation chromatography (on Bio-Gel P-2). Fractions, compared with pure potassium salts, were bioassayed for effects on Amaranthus caudatus seedling growth in the dark for 4 days. Key Results The LCSE robustly promoted amaranth hypocotyl elongation and inhibited root growth. The hypocotyl inhibitor was non-volatile, hot acid stable, hydrophilic and resistant to incineration, as expected for K+. The root inhibitor(s) had similar properties but were organic (activity lost on incineration). The root inhibitor(s) remained in the aqueous phase (at pH 2.0, 6.5 and 9.0) when partitioned against butan-1-ol or toluene, and were thus hydrophilic. Activity was diminished after electrophoresis, but the remaining root inhibitors were neutral. They became undetectable after paper chromatography; therefore, they probably comprised multiple compounds, which separated from each other, in part, during fractionation. On gel-permeation chromatography, the root inhibitor co-eluted with hexoses. Conclusions Cress-seed allelochemicals inhibiting root growth are different from the agent (K+) that over-stimulates hypocotyl elongation and the former probably comprise a mixture of small, non-volatile, hydrophilic, organic substances. Abundant components identified chromatographically and by electrophoresis in cress-seed exudate fitting this description include glucose, fructose, sucrose and galacturonic acid. However, none of these sugars co-chromatographed and co-electrophoresed with the root-inhibitory principle of LCSE, and none of them (in pure form at naturally occurring concentrations) inhibited root growth. We conclude that the root-inhibiting allelochemicals of cress-seed exudate remain unidentified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the chemical composition of isoflavonoids found in the roots of Ononis pusilla, a plant cultivated in Ukraine. The roots of O. pusilla are used for various medicinal purposes, including as a hemostatic and sedative. The researchers isolated and identified nine compounds, seven of which were previously unknown. The findings suggest that O. pusilla could be a valuable source of raw material for producing a preparation called Flavanobol. [Extracted from the article]

Colorimetric sensing is a simple method for quantitative or qualitative analysis of the target based on color change. Nanofibers are ideal materials for designing non-invasive colorimetric sensors with high sensitivity, fast response and user-friendly due to their high porosity, good flexibility and large specific surface area. Starting from the structure of the sensor, the colorimetric element, carrier element and colorimetric quantification method of the nanofiber-based sensor are introduced. At the same time, the characteristics of the nanofiber-based colorimetric pad, side flow chromatography test paper and microfluidic chip and their application in personalized medical detection are summarized. Finally, the direction and development trend of nanofiber-based sensors in health monitoring, early disease warning and functional improvement are prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) using formic acid as a protective agent is reported for the determination of acrylic resin monomers in food contact packaging paper. The analytes were extracted by ethanol mixed with formic acid with 2-phenylethyl propionate as the internal standard. The extract was separated by a 6% cyanopropylbenzene-94% dimethylsiloxane ultra-inert chromatographic column and analyzed by GC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. 13 acrylic resin monomers including acrylic acid, styrene, and acrylic ester were separated. The procedure was successfully applied for the analysis of real samples. The procedure provided a linear calibration range with detection limits from 0.16 to 0.46 mg kg−1. The mean recoveries were from 88.1% to 100.9% with relative standard deviations less than 5.4%. The residual acrylic resin monomers in packaging paper were primarily from printing base paper and varnish. Of the acrylic resin monomers, the monomers except for butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate showed low migration rates. The method provides high sensitivity and good reproducibility with simple pretreatment, demonstrating application for monitoring acrylic resin monomers in food contact packaging paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr. Manmohan Manohar Laloraya (September 1, 1932- February 18, 2023) was an outstanding teacher, researcher and administrator who mentored many scholars who themselves became leaders. He was gifted with a brilliant mind and unique research career, working with both plants and animals. He had received numerous awards and honours in his lifetime including the distinguished plant physiologist award in 1995, and being the Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India. We present below his brief biography, which is followed by his extraordinary research contributions on both plants and animals. We end this "In memoriam" with personal reminiscences of some of his class fellows, research collaborators, and life-long friends, and a 1958 group photograph with many at a conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary hemolytic anemia (HHA) is a heterogeneous group of disorders due to genetically caused defects in red blood cell membrane structure, enzymes, heme and globin synthesis, erythroid proliferation, and differentiation. Traditionally, the diagnostic process is complex and includes a plethora of tests from routine to highly specialized ones. The inclusion of molecular testing has significantly improved the diagnostic yield. The value of molecular testing is broader than just rendering the correct diagnosis, as it may also guide therapeutic decisions. As more molecular modalities become available for clinical use, it is imperative to understand their benefits and disadvantages pertaining to the HHA diagnostics. Re‐evaluation of the traditional diagnostic workflow may also bring forth additional benefits. This review focuses on the current state of molecular testing for HHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genomics is foundational to precision oncology. Oncology nurses regularly review germline and somatic biomarker testing reports. The taxonomy and nomenclature of biomarker results have evolved. Accurate understanding and interpretation of germline and somatic genomic results are essential for safe patient care and patient education. This article reviews common variant nomenclature on genomic biomarker reports, including gene and variant location, coding data, information about protein function, and common DNA errors. This review includes examples of common variant types, such as insertions, deletions, duplications, and substitutions, and implications for nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the use of 10‐(4‐butoxyphenyl)‐10H‐phenothiazine (PTZ), a phenothiazine‐based molecule, for detecting chloroform and other chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs). Upon exposure to these compounds to the phenothiazine‐dervitive in presence light, a significant change in emission occurs, enabling naked‐eye detection. The visual detection range of this phenothiazine derivative extends down to concentrations as low as 5 ppm. We demonstrate the one‐time use of thin‐layer chromatography paper (TLC) sensors and glass‐based sensors for on‐site detection of chlorinated hydrocarbons using a light source such as sunlight, UV‐lamp, or a solar box. Our findings suggest that this phenothiazine‐derivative has potential as a simple, low‐cost, and effective sensing platform for chlorinated solvents, with practical applications in environmental monitoring and industrial safety. Furthermore, our results provide insights into the development of molecular sensors for detecting chlorinated hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is associated with substantial physiological changes and constitutes a major risk factor for neurological disorders including dementia. Alterations in gene expression upon aging have been extensively studied; however, an in-depth characterization of post-transcriptional regulatory events remains elusive. Here, we profiled the age-related changes of the transcriptome and translatome in the female mouse hippocampus by RNA sequencing of total RNA and polysome preparations at four ages (3-, 6-, 12-, 20-month-old); and we implemented a variety of bioinformatics approaches to unravel alterations in transcript abundance, alternative splicing, and polyadenylation site selection. We observed mostly wellcoordinated transcriptome and translatome expression signatures across age including upregulation of transcripts related to immune system processes and neuroinflammation, though transcripts encoding ribonucleoproteins or associated with mitochondrial functions, calcium signaling and the cell-cycle displayed substantial discordant profiles, suggesting translational control associated with age-related deficits in hippocampal-dependent behavior. By contrast, alternative splicing was less preserved, increased with age and was associated with distinct functionally-related transcripts encoding proteins acting at synapses/dendrites, RNA-binding proteins; thereby predicting regulatory roles for RBM3 and CIRBP. Only minor changes in polyadenylation site selection were identified, indicating pivotal 3'-end selection in young adults compared to older groups. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive resource of age-associated post-transcriptional regulatory events in the mouse hippocampus, enabling further examination of the molecular features underlying age-associated neurological diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of various types of radioactive drugs has increased the effectiveness of nuclear medicine. Technetium-99m (99mTc) radiopharmaceuticals are in widespread use owing to the availability and affordability of 99Mo/99mTc generators and the variety of kits for formulating the desired products. Together, they provide an array of specific tools for diagnosing a large number of diseases affecting the Heart, Kidney and major organs of the body such as the bones, brain, liver, parathyroid, and thyroid. Nuclear medicine requires high quality radiopharmaceuticals and kits that are safe for administration and efficacious for a given application. Since radiopharmaceuticals are intended for human use, it is imperative that they undergo quality control measure. This paper presents various parameters affecting labeling efficiency of radiopharmaceuticals and describes the procedures of preparing from four selected kits. Details of the ingredients are also included. The procedures described here can be used to develop manuals and standard operating procedures in Egypt. This study is expected to serve as a guide to radiopharmaceutical manufacturing centers of such kits. Four kits namely: MIBI, DTPA, MDP, and DMSA are used. Paper Chromatography was involved to disparate the polar and non-polar part of the kit-solution. Quality control testing assures purity, integrity, potency, product identity, biological safety and efficacy of radiopharmaceuticals. The success of diagnostic radiopharmaceutical has been reflected in the quality of images of diseased site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper chromatography is a method that allows rapid assessment of the condition and identification of fuel, water and soot contaminants in engine oil. The paper contains an analysis of the suitability of rapid paper chromatography for assessing the operating quality of engine oil. It takes into account the comparison of physicochemical parameters by classical methods with the quality of commercial paper chromatography. The presented research allowed verifying the suitability of paper chromatography for laboratory evaluation of engine oil quality. It was found that a more extensive analysis of the oil condition is possible provided that the chromatographic separation time of oil dispensed onto filter paper is increased from 1 minute to 40 minutes. Linear relationships were observed between the surface area of the stain core after 40-minute separation and selected viscosity parameters (e.g. kinematic viscosity measured at 40° C). Based on rapid paper chromatography, it was found that reasonable decisions can be made about the quality of engine oil, and thus about replacement or further use of the oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a complex, chronic inflammatory skin disorder whose pathophysiology is poorly understood. Genetic studies have shown that HS is predisposed by mutations in the γ-secretase gene, but only a proportion of familial and partial sporadic cases have been shown to possess such mutations. HS has high genetic heterogeneity and is thought to be triggered by a combination of genetics and environmental factors. Aims: The study aimed to investigate the genetic causes of HS in a large cohort of patients and to update the mutation spectrum of γ-secretase complex genes. Methods: We conducted mutational screening of 95 sporadic HS cases and one large family with both HS and acne conglobata (AC) to identify mutations in the coding and splice junction region of γ-secretase complex genes (nicastrin (NCSTN), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin enhancer 2 (PSENEN), and aph-1 homolog B, gamma-secretase subunit (APH1B)). Results: Our study identified a nucleotide substitution of 1876C>T in the NCSTN gene, which caused a stop codon (p. Arg626X) in the affected members of a large family with HS and AC. No pathogenic variants were detected in 95 sporadic cases of HS, indicating there is possible genetic heterogeneity. Conclusion: We report a new family with a nonsense mutation in the NCSTN gene that supports the role of the γ-secretase complex genes in HS with AC. The updated γ-secretase mutation spectrum for HS now includes 78 mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to genetic diagnosis in fetuses with normal karyotype who underwent invasive testing for different indications. Methods: The results of invasive genetic testing performed at a tertiary center between September 2020 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Indications for invasive tests were classified as fetal structural malformation, presence of soft markers, and high risk in screening tests. CMA results were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic (pCNVs), benign (bCNVs), and variants of unknown clinical significance (VOUS). Results: A total of 830 invasive tests were performed and aneuploidy was detected in 11.2% of the fetuses. CMA was performed in 465 fetuses with normal karyotype, and pCNVs were detected in 6.9%. pCNVs were detected in 8.2% of fetuses with structural malformations, 6.5% in soft markers, and 4.7% in high risk in screening tests. Pathogenic variants were detected by NGS in 33.8% of fetuses with bCNVs. Conclusions: pCNVs can be significantly detected not only in fetuses with structural malformations, but also in invasive testing with other indications. NGS significantly contributes to genetic diagnosis in fetuses with structural malformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper chromatography is a low-cost and facile analytical method traditionally used to analyze hydrophilic substances. For the application to substances with lower polarity, we prepared a stationary phase based on filter paper modified with phenyl isocyanate (PI-FP), bearing phenyl carbamate moieties for hydrophobic, π-π, and electrostatic interactions. The preparation and chromatographic methods were established by selecting papers, comparing different chemical structures, optimizing the modification procedure, investigating eluents, and quantitatively parameterizing the separation behavior based on the character of the analytes. PI-FP exhibited better separation performance than esterified FPs and enabled chromatographic analysis of various dyes with both positive and negative clogP (calculated water-octanol partition coefficient). We also demonstrated an application of this system for a preparative separation of dyes using thread-like paper modified with PI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is as a promising material for flexible microsupercapacitors (MSCs) due to its simple and cost-effective processing. However, LIG-MSC research and production has been centered on non-sustainable polymeric substrates, such as polyimide. In this work, it is presented a cost-effective, reproducible, and robust approach for the preparation of LIG structures via a one-step laser direct writing on chromatography paper. The developed strategy relies on soaking the paper in a 0.1 M sodium tetraborate solution (borax) prior to the laser processing. Borax acts as a fire-retardant agent, thus allowing the laser processing of sensitive substrates that other way would be easily destroyed under the high-energy beam. LIG on paper exhibiting low sheet resistance (30 Ω sq−1) and improved electrode/electrolyte interface was obtained by the proposed method. When used as microsupercapacitor electrodes, this laser-induced graphene resulted in specific capacitances of 4.6 mF cm−2 (0.015 mA cm−2). Furthermore, the devices exhibit excellent cycling stability (> 10,000 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2) and good mechanical properties. By connecting the devices in series and parallel, it was also possible to control the voltage and energy delivered by the system. Thus, paper-based LIG-MSC can be used as energy storage devices for flexible, low-cost, and portable electronics. Additionally, due to their flexible design and architecture, they can be easily adapted to other circuits and applications with different power requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based evaporation concentrators with linear and radial geometries are compared. A new method of finding approximate analytic solutions of the advection–dispersion equation is proposed, based on the behavior of concentrators with infinite sources. Analytic approximations are compared with numerical solutions, and the advantage of radial concentration is highlighted: linear concentration rates scale with the square root of the Péclet number Pe while radial rates scale with Pe itself, leading to faster radial concentration beyond a critical value. Experiments are performed with Brilliant Blue FCF dye, using optical transmission and the Beer–Lambert law for quantitation. Dye concentrations are chosen for operation in the linear absorbance regime. Radial concentration is demonstrated under ambient conditions on filter paper disks with 60 mm diameter evaporation areas fed from a perimeter source, in a reverse of the well-known "coffee stain" experiment. Airflow enhanced concentration in strips and wedges is compared directly, using laser-patterned chromatography paper. The advantage of radial concentration is confirmed (and enhanced by diversion of concentrate to the corners of strips) and concentration factors greater than ∼ 500 (the dynamic range of measurement) are obtained in ∼2 h using 30 mm long columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present work is to evaluate the ability of the radiolabeled PAMAM dendrimers (polyamidoamine) towards facilitating the delivery of an in‐house synthesized porphyrin derivative in the tumorous lesions to evaluate their candidature for possible application in endo‐radionuclide therapy. For this, PAMAM particles were conjugated with a porphyrin derivative namely, 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis‐(4‐carboxymethyleneoxyphenyl)porphyrin (STAP), synthesized in‐house following a two‐step reaction. The average number of porphyrin molecules loaded per PAMAM particle was evaluated using ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry and was found to be approximately 2. STAP conjugated PAMAM particles were further conjugated with p‐NCS‐benzyl‐DOTA (subsequently referred as DOTA) to facilitate radiolabeling with 177Lu. On an average, two p‐NCS‐benzyl‐DOTA molecules were observed to be attached per PAMAM‐STAP particle. DOTA‐PAMAM‐STAP conjugate was radiolabeled with 177Lu with a final radiochemical purity of >95%, which was determined by paper chromatography using two different mobile phases viz. 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.0) and 10 mM DTPA. Biological behavior of [177Lu]Lu‐DOTA‐PAMAM‐STAP conjugate was investigated in fibrosarcoma bearing Swiss mice model wherein accumulation of radiolabeled particles was observed in liver, GIT, spleen, and kidneys at 3 h post‐administration. However, accumulated activity exhibited rapid clearance from majority of the organs at 24 h post‐administration. [177Lu]Lu‐DOTA‐PAMAM‐STAP conjugate exhibited an appreciable uptake in tumor mass [6.09 ± 1.22 percentage injected activity/organ (% IA/organ)] at 3 h post‐administration (p.i.) which was found to reduce to 1.05 ± 0.13 % IA/organ at 24 h post‐administration. The results obtained in biodistribution studies were further corroborated through scintigraphic imaging performed in the same animal model. Despite of an appreciable accumulation in tumor mass, the lower retention of the [177Lu]Lu‐DOTA‐PAMAM‐STAP conjugate therein, at longer time point (24 h p.i.) may limit its possible potential as a radio‐therapeutic agent and indicates towards need for further structural manoeuvring to attain favorable in vivo performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many phenomena in electronics, optics, solid-state physics, and cell biology are explained by dielectrics. Despite the name insulator, polarizable materials are typically referred to as dielectrics, as they have low electrical conduction. However, with temperature and suitable dopant, such materials can enhance their conduction. Single crystals of pure and L-Leucine (1 mol% and 2 mol%) doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals were grown from aqueous solutions at room temperature. Paper chromatography indicated the existence of the dopant in the crystals. L-Leucine, for instance, has aliphatic side chains which assume a zwitterionic state at neutral pH. The crystals were subjected to impedance spectroscopy to study their dielectric behaviour and conduction mechanism in the temperature range of 323–373 K and the frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz. For both pure and L-Leucine doped KDP crystals, electrical parameters such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss, complex impedance modulus, alternating current (a.c.), and direct current (d.c.) conductivities have been measured as functions of frequency, temperature, and doping. The conductivity of the crystals changes with temperature suggesting it to be a thermally induced process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercetin (QCT) is a flavonoid with significant health benefits, necessitating sensitive detection methods for food safety and quality control. This study presents a novel UiO-66-TCPP ratiometric fluorescent probe for the quantitative and visual detection of QCT. Under optimal conditions, the fluorescence intensity of UiO-66-TCPP decreased linearly with increasing QCT concentration, with a detection limit of 26 nM. The probe demonstrated high specificity, showing no significant interference from various substances and QCT analogues. Practical applicability was confirmed by testing artificially contaminated juice samples, achieving recovery rates between 98.0% and 104.8%. Furthermore, a paper-based sensor was developed by incorporating UiO-66-TCPP onto Whatman#1 chromatography paper. This sensor exhibited stable fluorescence and a reliable, sensitive visual response to QCT concentrations, detectable via a smartphone-based color recognizer application. The UiO-66-TCPP ratiometric fluorescent probe provides a sensitive, specific, and practical method for detecting QCT in food matrices, offering significant potential for both laboratory and on-site applications. • A ratiometric fluorescent probe, namely UiO-66-TCPP, was synthesized for the detection of quercetin. • A paper-based sensor utilizing UiO-66-TCPP was fabricated for convenient on-site detection. • The ratiometric fluorescent probe exhibited remarkable sensitivity, with a detection limit as low as 26 nM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this study is to establish a method for the fractionation of tetrofosmin cold kit under different storage conditions and to optimize an alternate chromatography method from the reference method to test radiochemical purity (RCP). Materials and Methods Tetrofosmin cold kit vial was fractionated aseptically in six equal fractions and stored in vials and syringes. To test the stability of the reconstituted solution for a longer duration, the mother vials and syringes were stored at two different temperatures, that is, at 4°C and at −20°C till further used. Radiolabeling of fractionated tetrofosmin was performed as per the standard labeling protocol. Radionuclide purity, radioassay, and pH were tested. Radiolabeling efficiency and RCP were determined by paper chromatography. Results Radionuclide purity of eluate was greater than 99.9%. The pH of technetium-99m (Tc-99m) eluate and Tc-99m tetrofosmin was between 4.5–7.5 and 7.5–9.5, respectively. The deviation in the radioactivity during all measurements was less than 1%. The kits fractioned in glass vials resulted in higher radiolabeling yield and RCP as compared with kits fractionated in syringes. The RCP of glass vial versus syringe was observed to be greater than 95 versus 90% and 95 versus 80% at −20°C and 4°C, respectively. Conclusion Tetrofosmin kit can be used in a cost-effective manner by fractionation. One tetrofosmin vial can be used in six fractions for up to 15 days when stored at −20°C and 4°C freezer temperature. The alternative method to check the RCP of Tc-99m tetrofosmin is safer and less time consuming as compared with the reference method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pretreated silica sand labeling using varying concentrations of tin(II) fluoride and chloride as reducing agents and different times labeling was performed in order to develop a methodology for labeling silica sand with 99mTc for using as solid radiotracer. Influence of different sand pretreatment parameters on the sorption yield (Rret%) was statistically evaluated. The effectiveness of the methods used to reduce pertechnetate (99mTcO4−) by ascending paper chromatography was confirmed. Results show relatively high values of 99mTc sorption yields on silica sand. It was possible to establish a methodology for obtaining solid 99mTc labeled radiotracers in support of silica sand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research experimentally outlines the reaction of a Monstera deliciosa plants to the effects of acid rain at various pH levels. Sulfuric acid was used to simulate acid rain, with prepared solutions having four different pH values. Paper chromatography showed that the plant’s pigment begins splitting more and the chlorophyll further deteriorated. The plants also started to lose their ability to be soluble. Through spectrophotometry, plants with the lowest pH levels of acid were losing their capacity to absorb light and radiation more quickly since their absorbance values were lower.

Aim: The current study aimed to investigate sequence variations in the C-terminus of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in Epstein- Barr virus (EBV) isolates from Iranian patients with chronic gastritis or gastric cancer (GC). Background: LMP1, an essential viral oncoprotein, is the critical element in the immortalization of B cells. It contains a small twenty-four amino acid cytoplasmic N-terminal region, six transmembrane segments, and a two hundred amino acid cytoplasmic Cterminal domain. Most LMP1-mediated signal transduction events are moderated by some functional parts of the cytoplasmic Cterminal domain. Methods: Thirty-two EBV-positive biopsy tissues were obtained from patients with gastric cancer and patients with chronic gastritis. The C-terminal nucleotide sequences of LMP1 were amplified using nested-PCR and analyzed by DNA sequencing. Results Four to eight copies of the 11 repeat elements (codon 254--302) were observed in the carboxyl-terminal site of patients, but no relationship was found between the number of repeat sequences and disease status. The 30-bp deletion corresponding to codon 345--354 of the B95-8 strain was observed in 34% of isolates, and the remaining samples were non-deleted. In the gastric cancer group, a higher number of 33-bp repeats (≥5 repeats) was observed in 30-bp-deletion (100%) than in non-deleted (42%) isolates, and the difference was statistically significant. Analysis revealed that a gastritis isolate may be the result of recombination between Alaskan and China1 strains. Conclusion: Overall, the current results showed no association between C-terminal sequence variations of LMP1 and malignant or non-malignant isolate origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common primary tumors in the liver. Diagnosis of HCC was investigated by detecting Glypican-3 (GPC3) protein using two approaches based on nanotechnology: developing a biosensor using a screen-printed electrode and designing and fabricating a paper-based biosensor using paper chromatography. The developed approaches were modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Next, immobilized with anti-Glypican-3 antibodies, then deposited by native cow Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). The characterizing techniques included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Moreover, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to detect GPC3 protein in a concentration range of 0.0001 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml. In this study, screen-printed electrodes achieved high sensitivity (i.e., the limit of detection (LOD) equals 0.495 pg/ml) of GPC3 along with correlation coefficient (R2) equals 0.996. Meanwhile, paper-based electrodes attained slightly lower sensitivity (LOD of 0.597 pg/ml) and R2 of 0.983. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LC-MS I m/z i : 463 [M + H] SP + sp , 461 [M - H] SP - sp (luteolin + 1 mol glucuronic acid), 287 [M - 176 + H] SP + sp , 285 [M - 176 - H] SP - sp (luteolin). As a result, we isolated and characterized nine flavonoids, i.e. 6-hydroxyluteolin 7 I O i -sophoroside ( B 1 b ), 6-hydroxyluteolin 7 I O i -glucoside ( B 2 b ), 6-hydroxyluteolin 7 I O i -sambubioside ( B 3 b ), 6-hydroxyluteolin 7 I O i -glucuronide ( B 4 b ), 6-hydroxyluteolin 7 I O i -methylglucuronide ( B 5 b ), scutellarein 7 I O i -sophoroside ( B 6 b ), scutellarein 7 I O i -glucuronide ( B 7 b ), luteolin 7 I O i -glucuronide ( B 8 b ), and pedalitin ( B 9 b ). Moreover, flower anthocyanins were isolated from 87 I Penstemon i species and identified as 3 I O i -glucoside, 3,5-di I O i -glucoside and 3 I O i -arabinosides of pelargonidin, cyanidin, and delphinidin [[9]]. [Extracted from the article]

Microfluidic free‐flow electrophoresis (μ‐FFE) is widely used for continuous separation of charged analytes. However, μ‐FFE is limited in the separation of analytes with the same electrophoretic mobility. In this work, we developed a novel microfluidic free‐flow paper electrochromatography (μ‐FFPE) by combining μ‐FFE with filter paper‐based chromatography, enabling continuous separation of analytes through the mechanism of both μ‐FFE and paper chromatography. Numerical simulation was applied to demonstrate the advantages of adding filter paper as the stationary phase of μ‐FFE. With the filter paper, a more stable separation system was achieved. The device was applied to the separation of simple mixtures of dyes and complex mixtures of glycans. With the μ‐FFPE fractionation, much more glycans and glycan types can be identified by LC‐MS, demonstrating the value of the method in biological analysis. The μ‐FFPE can provide a new platform for the separation and analysis of various biological molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-step analysis method was developed for four types of amino acids using a microfluidic paper-based analytical device fabricated from chromatography filtration paper and laminate films. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase was used to detect each amino acid. The obtained laminated paper-based analytical device (LPAD) contained four enzymatic reaction areas. Colorimetric detection was performed based on the molybdenum blue reaction. A model method for the simple, easy, and simultaneous detection of several amino acid concentrations was suggested, in contrast to the conventional methods such as HPLC or LC–MS. The method provided a selective quantification at the ranges of 3.6–100 μM for tryptophan, 10.1–100 μM for glycine, 5.9–100 μM for histidine and 5.6–100 μM for lysine with a detection limit of 1.1 μM, 3.3 μM, 1.9 μM and 1.8 μM, respectively. LPAD fabrication was considerably simple, and the subsequent detection process was easy and required a short period of time (within 15 min). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per the well‐known resistance of hepatitis B virus to nucleoside/nucleotide analogs, alternative treatment options with higher resistance barriers have been approved for use in both treatment‐naïve and lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B virus infections. This phase I study was conducted in adults with normal and impaired renal function to evaluate the effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of besifovir, a prodrug of an acyclic nucleotide phosphonate, that is mainly cleared via renal excretion. An open‐label, single‐dose parallel‐group clinical study was conducted in subjects with normal renal function and mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment. Subjects received a single oral dose of besifovir dipivoxil 150 mg, and serial blood and urine samples were collected for up to 72 hours after dosing to assess the pharmacokinetic characteristics of besifovir. The extent of plasma exposure of besifovir, detected as its major and active metabolites, LB80331 and LB80317, respectively, increased with worsening renal function. Compared to the subjects with normal renal function, the mean areas under the concentration‐time curves of LB80331 increased by 1.5‐, 2.5‐, and 4.5‐fold in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe impairment, respectively. LB80317 showed a 1.8‐, 3.2‐, and 6.2‐fold increase in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment compared to those with normal function. The ratios of LB80331 renal clearance and the average estimated glomerular filtration rate of each renal impairment group with respect to the normal group were similar. The increase in plasma exposure and decrease in renal clearance suggest the need to adjust dosage regimens in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Iran has different environmental conditions due to its specific geographical location. Therefore, exploring essential oil and flavonoid components among medicinal plants in different areas may result in discoveries about valuable bioactive compounds. The present investigation aimed to study flavonoids profile and essential oils composition of four Lamiaceae species i.e., Stachys lavandulifolia, Teucrium polium, Thymus daenensis and Ziziphora clinopodioides from Oshtorankoh located on Zagros Mountains, Iran. A chemical study using two dimentional paper chromatography (2-DPC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) showed that the four studied species contained flavone C and C-/O glucosides and flavonoid sulphates. The present study revealed that T. polium had high levels of many flavonoids such as apigenin, genistein, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, and vitexin compared to the other studied plants. The results of GC/MS analysis showed that S. lavandulifolia was rich in a-pinene (21.16 %) and 1,8-cineol (16.95 %), T. polium in a-pinene (12.21 %) and sabinene (9.55 %), T. daenensis in α-Terpinene (36.98 %) and p-Cymene (26.87 %), and Z. clinopodioides in piperitone (16.84 %) and 1,8-cineol (16.11 %) components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About 35% reduction in cancer deaths among patients having solid tumors is related to using aspirin, which encouraged us to develop a new specific tumor diagnostic radiopharmaceutical agent. This can be done by direct labeling of aspirin with technetium-99m using stannous chloride as a reductant at pH 9. At this pH, aspirin is saponificated to salicylate ions. Salicylate binds to pertechenetate to form 99mTc salicylate complex. The radiochemical yield (RCY, %) of 99mTc-salicylate complex obtained from aspirin was determined using paper chromatography, electrophoresis, and HPLC and was found to reach 90.2%. The 99mTc salicylate complex obtained from aspirin was stable for up to 5 h. The tumor uptake of the 99mTc salicylate complex obtained from aspirin was determined by ex-vivo study in tumor-bearing mice. This study showed that 99mTc salicylate complex was concentrated in tumor sites (ascites or solid), allowing tumor radioimaging. High target/non-target (tumor muscles/normal muscles) uptake ratio shows that 99mTc salicylate complex can be utilized for early detection of solid tumors. Molecular modeling and docking study conofirm the possibility of using the radiolabeled 99mTc salicylate complex for specific cancer imaging in binding with epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify between the conventionally and organically cultivated Memecik varieties of green olives. The image forming method called the rising paper chromatography is utilized in preparing the images of Memecik varieties of green olives for CNN. In the rising chromatography method, 20, 30, and 40% sample concentrations were determined as the suitable concentrations for both organic and conventional olives. The concentrations of AgNO3 and FeSO4 were determined as 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% for both conventional and organic samples. The visual differences used for differentiation of different types of Memecik green olives are usually determined according to the regional color differences, the vivid color occurrence, the width and the frequency of bowl occurrence, the thin line, and the picks at drop zone by the expert assessors. The testing results in this study verified the effectiveness of the CNN methodology in differentiating between the organically and conventionally cultivated Memecik green olives. The newly designed neural network achieved 100% accuracy. Furthermore, this high accuracy achieved by CNN might suggest that it can be effectively used in place of the expert assessors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper chromatography is a low-cost and facile analytical method traditionally used to analyze hydrophilic substances. For the application to substances with lower polarity, we prepared a stationary phase based on filter paper modified with phenyl isocyanate (PI-FP), bearing phenyl carbamate moieties for hydrophobic, π-π, and electrostatic interactions. The preparation and chromatographic methods were established by selecting papers, comparing different chemical structures, optimizing the modification procedure, investigating eluents, and quantitatively parameterizing the separation behavior based on the character of the analytes. PI-FP exhibited better separation performance than esterified FPs and enabled chromatographic analysis of various dyes with both positive and negative clogP (calculated water-octanol partition coefficient). We also demonstrated an application of this system for a preparative separation of dyes using thread-like paper modified with PI.

Paper chromatography is a simple and harmless experiment suitable for lower secondary education. Besides the training of subject‐specific contents, paper chromatography allows the application of modelling and simulation since the submicroscopic processes can be simplified in a way that they become understandable in lower secondary education. Here, the application of digital tools in addition to the experimental performance of paper chromatography in a compulsory STEM course in grade 6 is reported. Following a series of experiments, chromatography is at first simulated by a board game and then by computer simulations. Such simulation program allows the variation of the parameters in order to explore the model and to introduce the particle concept of matter and molecular interactions. The implementation with a graphical programming environment such as Scratch also allows the programming by pupils in this age group. In this way, it is possible to introduce modelling and simulation in an early stage as important contributions to scientific work in natural sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]