Search

Context: A geographic information system (GIS) is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data. Department of Community Medicine was tasked with SARS-CoV2-IgG antibody serosurvey by Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, sampling 5000 people spread over an area of 181 sq. km. There were no real-time mapping apps available for field surveys. Aims: Our aim was to develop an easy-to-use GIS system with a shallow learning curve and real-time mapping for field surveys which could be easily deployed. Materials and Methods: The program was developed using PHP hosted on a virtual private server and using Google Maps Application Programming Interface (API). The field investigator shares location through telegram to a bot which parses message, decodes geo-coordinates, team information, and time stamp. The program then passes the information for further processing, viewing, or analyzing. The map is generated using Google Maps API at user request. The teams are segregated using color coding. Results: The data can be accessed at http://test.techlabel.in/. Over 638 households from which samples were taken were plotted by the data from ten teams over ten days. Real-time feedbacks were possible as the study progressed. Households plotted on the maps were verified by the respective field investigators after the study had completed and showed good accuracy. Conclusion: The introduction of GIS software such as ours could bring about a positive impact on small- and medium-scale field researches. The quality and internal validity of small-scale field researches could certainly be improved by using GIS programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the modern world, owing to rapid urbanisation and changes in lifestyles and dietary habits, obesity has emerged as a leading problem. As a result, various morbid conditions have come into the picture which have severe effects on an individual's life expectancy. Visceral fat plays an important role in causing fatty liver. Aim: To determine the relationship between visceral fat area and liver fat using Computed Tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: A retrospective analytical study was conducted at Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital, and Research Centre Pune, Maharashtra, India. The CT scans of 134 patients who underwent CT scans of the abdomen pelvis and CT KUB/CT IVU between January 2022 and June 2022 were assessed by two experienced body imaging medical doctors. Subjects aged between 18 and 75 years were included without any co-morbidities like diabetes or hypertension. Waist circumference, subcutaneous fat area, and visceral fat area were calculated at the umbilical level. The CT attenuation value was measured in the right hepatic lobe, devoid of focal lesions and vessels, using a standard ROI of approximately 200 mm2. Similarly, as an internal control, splenic attenuation was also recorded. Statistical tests were employed to determine the significance of the obtained values, including Spearman's coefficient and Cohen's criteria. Results: The CT attenuation of the liver (fatty liver) showed a moderate correlation with visceral fat (Spearman's coefficient: 0.329). The association was statistically significant (p-value=0.0001). The CT attenuation of the liver (fatty liver) showed a weak correlation with subcutaneous fat (Spearman's coefficient: -0.269). The association was statistically significant (p-value=0.0016). The CT attenuation of the liver (fatty liver) demonstrated a weak-moderate correlation with waist circumference (Spearman's coefficient: -0.305). The association was statistically significant (p-value=0.0003). Conclusion: Visceral fat area has a stronger correlation with fatty liver than waist circumference and subcutaneous fat. Visceral fat should be considered a risk factor in the development of fatty liver, which may further lead to metabolic syndrome, in order to reduce mortality and morbidity related to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document titled "Antimicrobial resistance in India: Really it is time to take action" discusses the growing issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in India following the lessons learned from the recent pandemic. Various national and international institutes are conducting studies on AMR in India, with a focus on surveillance, awareness, training, and antibiotic stewardship programs. While there is increased awareness and reporting of AMR, there is a call for more concrete actions to reduce AMR, including stricter implementation of infection control policies and antimicrobial stewardship programs. The authors emphasize the need for individual healthcare workers to actively participate in efforts to combat AMR to prevent the rapid development of resistance against newer antibiotics. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the importance of family physicians in India, highlighting their historical relevance and current role in healthcare. It emphasizes the need to recognize and support family medicine as a specialty, especially in rural and semiurban areas where specialists are lacking. The author calls for changes in the medical education system to better integrate family medicine and improve healthcare outcomes in the country. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Several pharmacological and non-pharmacological ways have been used to prevent Post-Operative Sore Throat (POST). Post-Operative Sore Throat (POST) can be prevented with or without medical management. Dexmedetomidine is a selective alpha 2 adrenergic agonists which can be used for pre-operative nebulization to prevent POST. Dexmedetomidine absorption will be greater through transmucosal route as it is a highly lipid soluble agent. It is a highly lipid soluble agent with good systemic absorption during transmucosal administration. Aim: To assess the efficacy of dexmedetomidine nebulisation in reducing POST in patient who require general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Materials and Methods: This randomized control study was conducted from January 2022 to March 2022. There were 60 patients separated into 2 groups and 30 patients in each. The patients were of age more than 18 years and belonged to American society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade I and II, posted for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Group D was given dexmedetomidine 50 mcg (1 ml) with 3 ml of saline and made it total volume of 4 ml nebulisation and Group C was given 4 ml of saline nebulisation. Sore throat was evaluated at 0, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th and 24th hour after extubation, during the post-operative period. Results: Mean age (SD) of patients in group D was 33.5±12.9 years and that in group C was 36.83±14.5years (P value=0.23). During post operative period, the severeness of sore throat was remarkably lesser in Group D especially from 4th hour upto 24th hour. Severeness of POST was remarkably lesser in group D compared to group C patients over the 4th -24th hours. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine nebulisation given prior to surgery is beneficial in reducing POST, with minimal haemodynamic disturbance. Dexmedetomidine in nebulised form is therefore a safe option for lowering POST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The letter discusses a study on perceived stress among persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in Kannur district, Kerala, India, highlighting factors such as occupation, gender, marital status, income, and dependents that contribute to stress levels. The study used simple random sampling for participant selection but lacked clarity on sample size calculation and data collection methods. Suggestions were made for specifying software used for data analysis, statistical tests employed, and conducting posthoc tests for further insights. Despite minor oversights, the study sheds light on important factors affecting the quality of life of PLHA. [Extracted from the article]

This review article examines the life and medical contributions of Dr. Ida Sophia Scudder (1870-1960), a pioneering American physician and missionary who significantly impacted healthcare in India. Born into a family of medical missionaries, Scudder initially resisted following in her family's footsteps. However, a transformative experience during a visit to India led her to pursue a medical career and dedicate her life to improving women's health in the country. The article traces Scudder's journey from her medical education at Cornell University to her return to India, where she established the first women's medical college in the country-Christian Medical College (CMC) in Vellore. We analyze her innovative approaches to healthcare delivery, including developing the "roadside clinics" that brought medical care to rural areas and her efforts to train Indian women as doctors and nurses. Scudder's contributions extended beyond direct patient care. Her work in medical education, public health initiatives, and advocacy for women's rights in healthcare had far-reaching effects on the Indian medical landscape. The review also discusses the lasting impact of her efforts, including the continued influence of the institutions she founded and the generations of healthcare professionals she inspired. By examining Scudder's life and work in early 20th-century India, this article highlights the intersection of medicine, mission work, and social reform. It argues that Scudder's legacy lies not only in the lives she directly touched but also in her role in shaping modern healthcare practices and medical education in India., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Rajan et al.)

This comprehensive review article examines the profound and multifaceted impact of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (1 July 1882 to 1 July 1962) on the political landscape and healthcare system of post-independence India, with a particular focus on West Bengal. Dr. Roy, a distinguished physician who became the second Chief Minister of West Bengal, embodied a rare combination of medical expertise and political acumen that significantly shaped the trajectory of the newly independent nation. The article delves into Dr. Roy's pivotal role in West Bengal's industrialisation, including establishing the Durgapur Steel Plant and the Kalyani engineering hub, which laid the foundation for the state's economic development. It also explores his visionary urban planning initiatives, exemplified by the creation of Salt Lake City (Bidhannagar), which revolutionised Kolkata's expansion. The review analyses Dr. Roy's transformative contributions to healthcare, including establishing numerous medical institutions such as the Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital and the Chittaranjan Seva Sadan Hospital for women and children. His efforts to improve public health infrastructure, enhance medical education, and raise the overall standard of healthcare delivery in India are critically examined. The article investigates how Dr. Roy's medical background informed his political decisions, leading to innovative, evidence-based approaches to addressing public health challenges and implementing welfare schemes. His instrumental role in founding the Indian Medical Association and his influence on shaping national health policies are also scrutinised. This review provides a holistic understanding of Dr. Roy's enduring legacy by synthesising historical records, policy documents, personal accounts, and contemporary analyses. It argues that his integrated approach to governance and medicine transformed West Bengal and set a precedent for evidence-based policymaking in India, particularly in the health sector. The article concludes by reflecting on how Dr. Roy's vision and principles continue to be relevant in addressing contemporary challenges in public health and governance, cementing his status as a visionary leader whose impact transcends regional and national boundaries., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Johnson et al.)

Introduction Leprosy remains a significant health issue, especially in areas where diagnosis and treatment face numerous barriers, leading to preventable deformities and disabilities. This study aims to explore the obstacles to reconstructive surgery for leprosy patients, from both patient and healthcare provider perspectives. By conducting a qualitative analysis, the study seeks to assess the impact of reconstructive surgery on patients' quality of life, encompassing their physical, psychological, emotional, and social well-being. Methods This qualitative study was conducted from April to May 2024. One focus group discussion (FGD) for 12 participants, along with two in-depth interviews, was conducted for the patients at a leprosy rehabilitation center in western Maharashtra who have completed leprosy treatment and have undergone reconstructive surgeries for their disability. One in-depth interview was conducted with the key informant (a healthcare provider who is a surgeon who performs reconstructive surgeries for leprosy patients). Participants were selected through purposive sampling until information saturation was achieved. Interviews were conducted in local languages and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key barriers and themes. Results A qualitative analysis of feedback from leprosy patients who underwent reconstructive surgery (RCS) highlights the importance of family support and the transformative impact of surgery on functionality and psychological well-being. Stigmatization and fear often delayed treatment-seeking behavior, but government incentives alleviated economic burdens, and participants expressed readiness to recommend RCS to others. Surgeons emphasize the variety of surgeries performed, eligibility criteria, recovery period, and success rate of 85-90%, noting the importance of financial accessibility and a multidisciplinary approach. Suggestions for improvement include infrastructure enhancement, adequate funding, and active case detection by the National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP). Conclusion The findings highlight the complex interplay of factors contributing to delays in reconstructive surgery for leprosy patients in India. Addressing these barriers requires multifaceted interventions, including increasing public awareness, improving healthcare infrastructure, and enhancing support systems for patients. Policy development should focus on these areas to reduce disparities and improve the outcomes of reconstructive surgery in resource-limited settings., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Review Board at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune issued approval IESC/PGS/2022/204. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Shrivastava et al.)

Introduction: The rising prevalence of obesity has become a global public health crisis. Traditional screening tools like body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) have limitations, prompting the need for simpler, more effective alternatives. Neck circumference (NC) has emerged as a promising tool due to its simplicity, affordability, and reliability. The study aimed to evaluate neck circumference as a screening tool for obesity among female adults, alongside measuring BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), WC, and NC, and establishing NC cut-off values using body fat percentage as the gold standard. Additionally, it sought to compare the predictive accuracy of these measures for assessing obesity., Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted from March 2023 to October 2023, involved 362 female students from a health sciences university in Western Maharashtra, India. The participants provided informed consent and underwent anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, and neck circumference. Body fat percentage, measured using a bioimpedance analyzer, served as the reference standard., Results: The study identified a neck circumference (NC) cut-off of 31.3 cm using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, showing robust sensitivity (71.23%) and specificity (79.02%) for detecting obesity defined by body fat percentage. Waist circumference (WC) showed the highest sensitivity (73.97%) for diagnosing obesity in females, followed by NC (71.23%)., Conclusion: Neck circumference is a practical, cost-effective, and reliable screening tool for obesity, offering advantages over traditional methods. Its noninvasive nature and ease of measurement make it suitable for large-scale screening, contributing to the early detection and management of obesity-related health risks. This study supports the inclusion of NC in routine clinical assessments and public health initiatives., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Dr D.Y. Patil Medical College Institutional Ethics Subcommittee issued approval I.E.S.C/467/2022. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Nair et al.)