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An average working individual in today's society spends a considerableamount of a typical day in an office environment. This, in turn,can negatively influenceher or his circadian systemif the indoor builtenvironment is not designed to provide adequate luminous conditions. Therefore, the presented paper's main objectivewas to address the extent to whichindoor built environmentparametersinfluence the characteristics of the indoornon-visual and visualluminousenvironment.To answer the stated question,a statistical analysis of parametric simulationsusing multispectral software ALFAwas carried outfora sample cellular office in Ljubljana, Slovenia.The influence ofroom, geometrical(depth, width,andwindow to wall ratio),and optical (reflectance of walls, ceiling, and floor and glazing transmissivity) parameterswasstudied for four cardinaloccupantviewdirections. The results show thatthe windowis the most influential building element as the windowto wall ratio and glazing transmissivityare the most influential geometricaland optical parameters. However, it was exposedthatthisis not entirely true for occupant positionsdeeper in space and facing away from the window, as the influence of all studied building parameters changes according to theview orientation and positionin relation to the window.

Uporaba delovnim razmeram primerne osebne varovalne opreme lahko zmanjša težavnost dela in obremenitve gozdnega delavca. Z namenom ugotavljanja razlik med sistemi varovalnih oblačil (poletni, prehodni, zimski) se je izvedla raziskava na kolesnem ergometru, kjer se je merilo več psihofizičnih kazalnikov. Raziskava je pokazala, da pred in po testu ni značilnih razlik v koncentraciji laktata v krvi in v temperaturi v ušesu, medtem ko je razlika značilna v telesni masi, obstaja pa tudi značilna povezava med trajanjem testa in porabo energije. Upor ergometra (W) značilno povečuje vrednosti vseh psihofizičnih kazalnikov, ki smo jih lahko kontinuirano merili preko testov. Pri meritvah srčnega utripa obstajajo značilne razlike med vsemi sistemi oblačil, razen med poletnim in prehodnim, pri električni prevodnosti kože ni razlik med prehodnim in zimskim sistemom ter med poletnim in zimskim. Razlike med sistemi oblačil obstajajo tudi pri temperaturi kože, razen med prehodnim in zimskim sistemom, prav tako pa niso zaznali značilnih razlik med sistemi pri meritvah hitrosti dihanja. Kljub izvedbi poskusa samo na eni osebi, rezultati prikazujejo uporabnost izbranih kazalnikov za meritve psihofizičnih obremenitev ter dokazujejo, da na obremenitve gozdnega delavca potencialno vpliva tudi uporaba varovalnih oblačil. Use of proper personal protective equipment, can reduce workload of forestry workers, depends on working conditions. In order to identify differences between protective clothing systems (summer, transitional, winter), a study using a cycling-ergometer measuring several psychophysical indexes was conducted. The results show no differences in the amount of lactic acid in blood, or the temperature measured in the individual´s ear prior and after the trial, however significant differences occur in body mass. Moreover, there is relation between the duration of the test and consumption of energy. The ergometer´s resistance (measured in Watts) caused significant differences to the measured indexes. There are significant differences between the heart rate measurements while using different types of clothes, except summer and transitional system. However, there are no differences between the results measuring skin´s conductivity in transitional and winter systems, nor between the summer and winter equipment. Differences between the systems were measured also in skin temperature, while using summer and winter equipment, and by using summer and transitional equipment. Even so, there were no significant differences between the equipment systems while evaluating breathing frequency.

V luči podnebnih sprememb, s katerimi se soočamo, so prizadevanja za poznavanje in obvladovanje njihovega vpliva na energijsko učinkovitost stavb vedno večja, medtem ko se moramo o vplivu globalnega segrevanja na grajeno okolje še veliko naučiti. Navkljub vse večjemu številu raziskav še vedno ni povsem jasno, kakšen je in bo vpliv globalnega segrevanja na bioklimatski potencial ter učinkovitost pasivnih načrtovalskih ukrepov pri enostanovanjskih stavbah. S pomočjo obširnega pregleda literature in simulacijskih študij smo v doktorski disertaciji odgovorili na nekaj neznank, ki se ob tem pojavljajo. Posebno pomemben del raziskave se nanaša na predstavljeno metodo izračuna bioklimatskega potenciala lokacije, pri čemer je bila veljavna metodologija nadgrajena z upoštevanjem podatka o sončnem sevanju. Izsledki raziskav so pomemben prispevek k znanosti, saj so pokazali na potrebo po idejnem preskoku v trenutni praksi bioklimatskega načrtovanja enostanovanjskih stavb. Podatki, pridobljeni s 15.897.600 parametričnimi simulacijami, ki so dostopni v doktorski disertaciji, pomenijo bistvene informacije za pravočasno prilagajanje podnebnim spremembam. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je glede na skupno rabo energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje energijska učinkovitost enostanovanjskih stavb v prihodnosti odvisna od lokacije, in sicer je v splošnem pričakovati, da bo na toplih lokacijah nižja, na hladnih višja, na zmerno toplih pa bo najprej višja, nato nižja. Na podlagi podatkov je bil predlagan nov pristop k bioklimatskemu načrtovanju stavb, pri čemer s pasivnimi ukrepi zagotovimo energijsko učinkovitost v trenutnem in prihodnjem podnebnem stanju, hkrati pa obravnavamo ranljivost stavbe za pregrevanje v prihodnosti. In light of the current climate change, efforts to recognise and mitigate its impact on the energy performance of buildings are increasing. However, there is still a lot to learn about the impact of global warming on the built environment. Despite numerous research studies, the impacts of global warming on the bioclimatic potential and the applicability of passive design measures in the case of single-family buildings are not completely clear. The exposed knowledge gaps were filled in the doctoral dissertation by performing an extensive literature review and numerous simulations. An essential part of the research refers to the presented method of calculating the location’s bioclimatic potential, where the existing methodology was upgraded by considering the data on solar radiation. Moreover, the research results represent an essential contribution, as they showed the need for a conceptual leap in the current bioclimatic design practice of single-family buildings. The data obtained by 15,897,600 parametric simulations represent essential information for timely adaptation to climate change. It was found that, given the combined energy need for heating and cooling, the energy efficiency of single-family buildings in the future depends on the location. It can be generally expected that energy efficiency will be lower in warm climates, higher in cold and firstly higher and then lower in temperate climates. Based on the data, a new approach to bioclimatic building design was proposed, where passive design measures are applied to ensure energy efficiency in the current and future climate while the future overheating vulnerability is addressed.

Ambrozijske podlubnike uvrščamo med najpomembnejše tujerodne invazivne organizme. Še posebej uspešna pri osvajanju novih območij pa je vrsta Xyosandrus germanus, ki je bila leta 2000 prvič najdena tudi v Sloveniji. Namen naše naloge je bil potrditi razširjenost in ugotoviti velikost populacije X. germanus v revirju Šentvid (KE ZGS Škofljica). Vrsto smo spremljali s pomočjo pasti iz odpadnih plastenk, ki smo jih naredili sami. Postavljene so bile v treh različnih gozdnih sestojih, in sicer smo v vsakem sestoju postavili štiri pasti z različnimi vabami (etanol, denaturiran etanol, kombinacija etanola in %-pinena ter kontrolna past brez vabe), v zbirni posodi je bil konzervans etilen glikol. Pasti smo spremljali osem tednov, v obdobju med 26. 4. 2017 in 20. 6. 2017, jih tedensko praznili, ulov pa determinirali v Laboratoriju za ekološke raziskave - entomologija, Oddelka za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire BF. Ujeli smo 11.460 osebkov X. germanus, kar je v skupnem ulovu pomenilo kar 90,09 % celotnega ulova hroščev oziroma 95,30 % celotnega ulova podlubnikov. Tako številčen ulov kaže na to, da je populacija X. germanus na raziskovalnem območju velika. Poleg vrste X. germanus smo potrdili še enega tujerodnega ambrozijskega podlubnika, in sicer vrsto Gnathotrichus materiarius. Naši rezultati kažejo, da ni večjih razlik v učinkovitosti privabljanja vrste X. germanus med testiranimi vabami. Glede na število ujetih osebkov vrste X. germanus pa lahko trdimo, da so tudi doma narejene pasti iz odpadnih plastenk lahko primerno orodje za spremljanje tujerodnih ambrozijskih podlubnikov. Ambrosia bark beetles have been identified as one of the most invasive non-native organisms. The species Xylosandrus germanus, which was first recorded in Slovenia in the year 2000, is highly adaptable to novel environments. The aim of the current study was to confirm the presence and determine the actual population size of X. germanus in the Šentvid forest district (within the Škofljica local unit of the Slovenia Forest Service). Monitoring was conducted using home-made traps from plastic bottles. The traps were set in three different forest stands, namely 4 traps with different attractants (i.e. ethanol, denatured ethanol, a blend of ethanol and %-pinene and unbaited (control) trap) were set in each stand. Ethylene glycol was used as a preservative. The traps, which were monitored over an eight-week period, i.e. between 26th April 2017 and 20th June 2017, were emptied on a weekly basis, and the trap captures were subsequently determined in the Laboratory for Ecological Research - Entomology at the Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources at the Biotechnical Faculty. A total of 11,460 captured X. germanus individuals comprised 90.09 % of all the collected beetle specimens, or 95.30 % of all the captured bark beetle specimens. Such a large catch indicates that the population size of X. germanus in the research area is large. In addition to X. germanus, we confirmed the presence of another non-native ambrosia bark beetle, namely Gnathotrichus materiarius. Our results show that there are no significant differences in the efficiency of attracting X. germanus between the tested attractants. A high proportion of X. germanus specimens in the catch undoubtedly confirms that home-made traps from disposable plastic bottles represent a viable monitoring tool for the surveillance of non-native ambrosia bark beetle populations.

Tujerodni črnolesni ambrozijski podlubnik Xylosandrus germanus je bil v Sloveniji prvič najden leta 2000 v okolici Nove Gorice, med letoma 2008 in 2010 pa je bila vrsta najdena tudi na več lokacijah v okolici Ljubljane. Glavni namen naše naloge je bil potrditi prisotnost in ugotoviti velikost populacije X. germanus v revirju Šentvid (Krajevna enota Škofljica). Spremljanje vrste smo izvajali s pastmi iz odpadnih plastenk, ki smo jih naredili sami. Pasti so bile postavljene v treh različnih gozdnih sestojih, in sicer smo v vsakem sestoju postavili 4 pasti z različnimi atraktanti (etanol, denaturiran etanol, kombinacija etanola in ?-pinena ter kontrolna past brez atraktanta). Pasti smo spremljali osem tednov, v obdobju med 26.4.2017 in 20.6.2017, jih tedensko praznili, ulov pa determinirali v Laboratoriju za varstvo gozdov, Oddelka za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire BF. Potrdili smo prisotnost X. germanus v revirju Šentvid (KE Škofljica). Ujeli smo 11.460 osebkov vrste X. germanus, kar je v skupnem ulovu predstavljalo kar 90,09 % celotnega ulova hroščev oziroma 95,30 % celotnega ulova podlubnikov. Naši rezultati kažejo, da ni večjih razlik v učinkovitosti privabljanja vrste X. germanus med testiranimi atraktanti, glede na število ujetih osebkov X. germanus pa lahko trdimo, da so tudi doma narejene pasti iz odpadnih plastenk primerno orodje za izvajanje monitoringa tujerodnih ambrozijskih podlubnikov. In Slovenia the presence of the non-native Black timber bark beetle (Xylosandrus germanus) was first recorded in the vicinity of Nova Gorica yet in the period between 2008 and 2010 the species was already detected on several locations in the vicinity of Ljubljana. The main aim of the current BSc thesis was to confirm the presence and determine the actual population density of X. germanus in Šentvid forest district (Škofljica regional unit). Population monitoring was conducted via the trapping system incorporating disposable plastic bottles which were designed by the author of the thesis. Four traps were deployed in each of the three selected forest stands where the targeted populations were lured by various attractants (ethanol, denatured ethanol, a blend of ethanol and α-pinene, un-baited control traps). The traps, which were monitored within the period of eight weeks, i.e. between 26th April 2017 and 20th June 2017, were emptied on a weekly basis, and the catch was subsequently determined in the Laboratory for Forest Protection at the Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources BF. The analysis confirmed the presence of the non-native X. germanus beetle within the targeted sites. A total of 11,460 X. germanus individuals were collected, which comprised 90,09 % of all the captured beetles (Coleoptera) specimens, or 95,30 % of all captured bark beetle specimens. No significant differences were established in the attractiveness rates among the employed attractant agents. The large number of collected X. germanus specimens undoubtedly confirms that home-made traps from disposable plastic bottles represent a suitable monitoring tool for the non-native bark beetle population.

Večina otrok zgodnje otroštvo preživlja v vrtcih, ki predstavljajo otrokovo fizično, biološko in socialno okolje. Namen magistrskega dela je integralno (celostno) oceniti udobje v petindvajsetih igralnicah izbranih osemnajstih vrtcev v osrednji Sloveniji. Integralna ocena udobja je potekala v štirih korakih, ki so zajemali meritve izbranih parametrov udobja in anketiranje zaposlenih. V koraku 1 smo opravili obširen pregled raziskav, identificirali probleme in določili kriterije za integralno oceno udobja. In-situ meritve parametrov toplotnega in svetlobnega udobja, kakovosti zraka in zvočnega udobja smo opravili v koraku 2 (objektivna ocena udobja). Poleg tega smo s pomočjo validiranega anketnega vprašalnika udobje subjektivno ocenili (korak 3). V okviru koraka 4 – integralne ocene udobja – smo med seboj primerjali izmerjene in izračunane parametre posameznega področja udobja v izbranih igralnicah, ovrednotili možno povezavo med različnimi parametri udobja, primerjali rezultate objektivne in subjektivne ocene udobja v vrtcih in poudarili ključne ugotovitve. Na podlagi narejenih korakov smo oblikovali ocenjevalno lestvico o integralnem (celostnem) udobju (ang. integral comfort scale) in predlagali možne izboljšave za doseganje udobnih in zdravih razmer v vrtcih. Raziskav, ki bi integralno (celostno) obravnavale toplotno in svetlobno udobje, kakovost notranjega zraka ter zvočno udobje v vrtcu, ni. S tem smo pristop integralne ocene udobja prvič uporabili za vzgojnoizobraževalno ustanovo. Ugotovili smo, da je udobje v večini obravnavanih vrtcev slabo, hkrati pa subjektivne ocene parametrov udobja v igralnicah večinoma odstopajo od objektivnih. S pomočjo ocenjevalne lestvice o integralnem udobju smo kot udobni igralnici ocenili le dve od petindvajsetih. Predlagamo celovite ukrepe, zasnovane na predstavljeni integralni oceni udobja, ki jih je treba upoštevati pri novogradnjah in prenovah vzgojno-izobraževalnih ustanov. The majority of children spend their childhood in children day care centers, which represent the child's physical, biological and social environment. The purpose of this master thesis is to perform integral evaluation of comfort in twenty-five playrooms of eighteen Central-Slovenian children day care centers. Integral evaluation of comfort has been performed in four steps, which included measurements of selected parameters of comfort, as well as surveying of the employees. The comprehensive literature review was carried out in step 1 as we identified the problems and defined criteria for integral evaluation of comfort. In-situ measurements of the selected parameters of thermal and visual comfort, indoor air quality and acoustic comfort were carried out in step 2 (objective evaluation of comfort). In addition, the subjective evaluation of comfort was performed in step 3 on the basis of validated questionnaire. In the context of step 4 – integral evaluation of comfort – we compared the measured and calculated parameters of each comfort type, analyzed the possible relationship between various parameters of comfort in selected playrooms, compared the results of objective and subjective evaluation of comfort and exposed the key conclusions. Based on the implemented steps we formulated integral comfort scale. We suggested possible improvements for achieving comfortable and healthy conditions in children day care centers. We have found out that there are no researches, which would include integral evaluation of thermal, visual, acoustic comfort and indoor air quality of children day care centers. Consequently, we are the first who used integral evaluation of comfort approach in an educational institution. We have discovered that comfort in majority of day care centers is poor, while subjective evaluations of comfort parameters in playrooms were deviating from the objective ones. On the basis of integral comfort scale only two out of twentyfive playrooms were evaluated as integrally comfortable. Both, for new buildings as well as for the renovation of educational institutions, we suggest comprehensive measures, based on the presented integral evaluation of comfort.