Search

Museums depend on language to develop their museum discourse. Texts are necessary and cover a wide range of functions. Language can be presented in oral or written form, but in both cases, translation is essential to complete the communicative function of the museum. The translated word is intended for a foreign audience, and the translation must consider the subordination of the source text to the works on display, and its position in the hierarchy of the museum's other texts. In the museums of Madrid's art triangle, the written word, the spoken word, and the translated word are present; all three museums follow an appropriate strategy in terms of the translation of the texts that they produce. Through a detailed analysis of the audio guides offered in these museums of Madrid, chosen as an example of oral text, and the catalogues of temporary exhibitions, chosen as an example of written text, we conclude that orality or writing can influence certain translatology aspects, such as the choice of target language(s) or the authorship of translations.

According to Relevance Theory (Sperber and Wilson, 1986) applied to translation ( Gutt, 1989, 2014), the role of the translator is to encourage the target audience to grasp the intended information, following the communicative and cognitive principles of relevance. The target text must be ostensive and highly relevant, so that the effort to process the information given may be rewarded with a significant number of positive cognitive effects. Gutt suggests the indirect translational mode, which enables the translator to achieve an incomplete interpretive resemblance with regards to the source text.

Dubbing has been the dominant modality for conveying foreign media productions in Turkey for several decades. In the chain of dubbing translation, by the time the process is completed, there is a varied group of people from translators to voice actors, editors, and dubbing specialists that play a role in the many-sided process of dubbing. With the aim of reaching an impeccable outcome, the steps of dubbing (script and timing, casting, recording, editing) must be completed in a harmonious way. Some studies have been conducted on dubbing in Turkey in terms of translation quality (Sayman), censorship (Okyayuz), and translation strategies (Tekin); however, non-translation issues such as the performance of voice actors have not been explored. This paper offers further insight into the process of dubbing by distributing a survey to ten voice actors to evaluate the impact of translation on their end during the voicing process, their attitudes toward translators, and the translation along with their expectations from translators. Upon compiling the responses from the professional voice actors, the data is analyzed and discussed togain a better understanding of the process. The results indicated that the voicing process is mainly affected by the quality of translation and that there are challenges that arise from it. Therefore, to some extent, voice actors also intervene in the translated dialogues while recording. Overall, the end product, which is the translated dialogues, represents not only the work of the translator but also the voice actors.

Previous studies have shown that in translations of the New Testament into some old Germanic languages, there is a different usage of the term relative to “married woman, wife”, depending on whether the reference is to Virgin Mary, on the one hand, or any other married woman, on the other. As an explanation for this terminological difference in the translations into different Germanic languages, we highlight the need to linguistically acknowledge the perpetual virginity of Mary. Along similar lines, the aim of this article is also to analyze the terms used in the translations of the New Testament into different dialects of Old English to refer to Virgin Mary as a married woman, comparing them with the ones used in same texts to refer to other women in the same condition, in order to verify if Virgin Mary receives a different treatment when she is referred to as wife.

The issue of neutral Spanish in literary translation has given rise to numerous statements and representations on its implications and its status within the Spanish language and the Spanish-speaking publishing market. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge with a double purpose: 1) to describe the previous studies on neutral Spanish, with a particular emphasis on the characteristics of neutral Spanish in literary translation, as well as on its methodology and the results obtained to this date, in order to systematize the research efforts on the subject of study; and 2) to connect said results (primary sources) with the representations on the artificiality and language impoverishment associated with neutral Spanish (secondary sources) in order to observe to what extent the former support the latter

Despite the existence of audio description (AD) in China from 2005, little is known about how AD is conducted in China due to the scarcity of studies on this subject. This article, based on semi-structured interviews with six Chinese AD providers from Shanghai, Wuxi, and Guangzhou, aims to narrow this knowledge gap and present how AD is performed in Mainland China, as seen by some of the key agents involved. The interviews were conducted between April 30 and July 13, 2020, through voice calls on WeChat. Results can be grouped under the following three topics: the current state of AD in China, how AD is conducted in China, and the feasibility of AD translation from Spanish into Chinese. This study has reached two main conclusions. First, AD in China is, now, full of opportunities and challenges, with the copyright issue as its main problem and the objectivity versus subjectivity dichotomy as one of the most debatable concerns in the scriptwriting process. Second, almost all the interviewees showed a positive attitude towards the proposal of AD translation to promote this service in China, in our particular case from Spanish into Chinese.

We start from the observation that language pairs like Polish and English display an intriguing asymmetry: Polish has the structural resources to express grammatical gender in nouns while English predominantly leaves these under-determined. Therefore, a speaker of English can conventionally say “I am a nurse” irrespective of the speaker’s gender, while in Polish male/female/non-binary speakers would likely use variable forms. This asymmetry leads to nuanced translation choices which this paper aims to explore. Based on a newly compiled corpus of English-to-Polish Netflix subtitles – amounting to 3.5 million words – we examine how 113 different occupation-related feminatives are deployed by translators. We address three main research questions (RQ1-RQ3). RQ1 is about the frequency of the relevant feminatives in our corpus. RQ2 deals with how the feminatives are distributed across the 284 productions analysed in the dataset. Finally, RQ3 addresses the relationship between the frequency of feminatives in Netflix subtitles and the acceptability of these feminatives, as judged by speakers.

This article compares similarities and differences between legislative drafting in the EU and in three legal systems: Spain, the United Kingdom and France. To this end, a multilingual corpus has been compiled, consisting of EU prescriptive resources in these languages and those of reference in the Member States. The aim of these resources is to homogenize the criteria for legislative drafting. Among the results observed we should highlight the convergences in terms of the structure and organization of content and divergences in style related to the use of verb tenses or specific terminology. It is concluded that Community drafting has its own characteristics distinct from national legislation.

Observation of problems in a court interpreting course during the 2017-18 academic year led to action research. Focus groups and questionnaires were carried out to collect trainees’opinions and a literature review was conducted. Then, in 2018-19, didactic and assessment materials were designed, based partly on the observation of interpreters’ performances in real trials. These materials were piloted and fine-tuned for two academic years: 2019-2021. Finally, focus groups and questionnaires were carried out again in 2022 and the results were compared with the ones obtained in 2017. The comparison suggests significant improvement in the trainees’ perception of their learning and assessment experiences. This means that the concerns detected in 2017 have been overcome.

Nouns are a characteristic feature that distinguishes one culture from another. Onomatology in general –and toponymy in particular– denotes culture and is affected by specific morals, religions, and ways of thinking, typical of a society. Likewise, it also embodies a varied range of extralinguistic information. In Chinese culture, toponomy is used to display an aesthetic symbolism, as well as a wide variety of connotations that are absent from Hispanic culture. Moreover, if we account for the use of different calligraphy, the translation of Chinese place nouns into Spanish implies a real challenge, a task that becomes more difficult if we deal with translating more than six-hundred-year-old nouns. Translators not only face problems regarding translating from traditional Mandarin Chinese, but also the challenge of translating a text full of religious concepts with no translation equivalents in our mother tongue. In this article, we analyze the translation of place names in Journey to the West in the two translations available in Spanish. Utilizing a corpus containing the original text and the two complete translations into Spanish, we focus on analyzing the techniques used during the translation process, taking into consideration whether the translators were able to identify and keep the harmony and aesthetics –typical features of the Mandarin Chinese– in the Spanish language.

Graciliano Afonso Naranjo, Canarian humanist, and prolific writer, published his first translated work in Puerto Rico in 1838: theOdas de Anacreonte. Los amores de Leandro y Hero, was issued along with Afonso’s own literary workEl beso de Abibina. The Puerto Rican text was later transcribed and included into one of the five manuscript volumes containing his works, currently kept at the Museo Canario de las Palmas de Gran Canaria. This article analyses the theoretical aspects that run through these notes either in a latent or an explicit way. Its aim is to ascertain their relation to Graciliano Afonso’s translations and to the specific context where they emerged to identify and systematize the translation principles inspiring him.

Today, the translation of pharmaceutical prospectuses is one of the most frequent scientific-technical translation assignments. The specialized language that characterizes the presentation of its sections and content makes knowledge of its macrostructure essential. Hence, the need arises to advocate methodologies and didactic materials that respond to the new current challenges in education. This phraseological research focuses on the importance of the translation (Russian/Spanish) of the pharmaceutical leaflet as a textual genre within the field of medical translation to account for the phraseological units (collocations) of specialized discourse, as well as serve as a didactic strategy for future translators.

At the end of the 19th century, translations of French Parnassian, Decadentist and Symbolist poetry introduced the models for literary change into the Hispanic world. The first poems translated in Spain from Maurice Rollinat's Les Névroses (1883), published in the magazine La Diana, directed by the poet Manuel Reina, are to be found in this context. This paper examines these translations, carried out jointly by Aniceto Valdivia and Manuel Reina, and analyses which elements of the new French poetics are rewritten to establish the role of these translations in the fin-de-siècle literary renewal.

This article delves into the analysis of two versions of Ksawery Pruszyński's work dedicated to the Spanish Civil War: the original Polish edition published in 1937 and its Spanish translation by Katarzyna Olszewska Sonnenberg and Sergio Trigán, released seventy years later in 2007. Considering translation as a phenomenon of cultural rewriting (Lefevere, 1992), we will observe how both versions of the book generated creative actions. In the original Polish text, these actions focused on a series of historical, political, and cultural correspondences between Spain and Poland, manifested through abundant intertexts. In the Spanish translation, the action related to the edition of explanatory-interpretative paratexts. Both rewritings underscore the substantial mediating function of the translating activity, along with its cultural implications.

Furio Ceriol’s El concejo y consejeros del príncipe is one of the most widespread dissertations about the theory of the state in Europe during 17th century. In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth this exposition had three translations and five editions between 1595 and 1646. All of them are located in the Catholic sphere and their authors were favorable to the reinforcement of royal power. The translators modified and commented on the text to adjust it to their political intentions, or they presented it accompanied by other works that completed its meaning. This paper aims to highlight the translation and editing strategies used in the various interpretations of this treatise.

This paper considers the number and gender variants found in three types of Spanish compounds: batefuego(s), aviones espía(s), and educación afectivo/afectiva-sexual. Research was conducted using a self-compiled sample of 353 compounds. Inner inflection is used traditionally as a criterion of phrasehood. However, the data reveal that alternations occur unsystematically, often affecting the same compound without changing its meaning, which makes it difficult to consider it a product of morphological rules in one case and a syntactic construction in another. It is concluded that the existence of alternations in the realization of gender and number must have a place in the synchronic description of Spanish compounding.

As Garrido (2014, 2015, 2017 and 2021) has proposed, discourse relations are constructed within a discourse constituent structure. This can be possible because the relationships between sentences can form a structure of constituents. According to this statement, any sentence can be interpreted within the scope of a larger unit: a paragraph. Conjunctions, discursive particles establish connections between sentences based on their own guides or instructions. But there are other categories that can serve as linking marks by adding various interpretive values to this connection. In this work I will analyze examples with the particles vamos (Fuentes Rodríguez, 2009) and vaya (Polanco, 2013 and 2014), which can establish reformulation relationships between the sentence in which they are inserted and the previous structure.

Questions can be open-ended (waiting for an affirmative or negative answer) but they can also have a confirmatory interpretation (i.e. there is an assumption that may be confirmed). In the latter case, question tags (like oh) may appear in the questions. This paper reports all the question tags in Catalan and the precise syntactic contexts in which they occur (at the beginning or at the end; although in principle they can all occur in two syntactic contexts, not all of them appear everywhere). Special emphasis is placed on the north-western dialects.

The growing tendency to develop a self-awareness about the need to consume healthier food and have healthier habits of life has increased the presence of anglicisms that designate new concepts. It is well known that English has gained a prominent position, due to its role of international means of communication and due to the positive values such as prestige and modernity associated with this language. This study explores the growing use of English lexical items by Spanish online press. It also examines the inclusion of a sample of food-related terms in Spanish reputable lexicography sources. Finally, the degree of knowledge and use of these English lexical items is examined by administering a survey to a sample of 130 Spanish university students. Findings suggest that English borrowings are quite extended among youngsters, but many of these anglicisms are more known than used by participants. To conclude, English is inevitably gaining ground to other foreign languages, traditionally associated with food and gastronomy, such as French.

Previous studies have shown that extensive reading (ER) encourages both L1 and L2 vocabulary learning. The current study further investigates the potential of ER in the case of primary school learners. Twenty-three Spanish EFL learners from an intact grade 4 classroom (9-10 years old) participated in ten ER sessions with audio support. The learners performed a vocabulary test including 25 target words before, immediately after and three months after the ER programme. L2 vocabulary gains were analysed according to word frequency (number of exposures to the target words) and distribution (the number of books in which the target words appeared). Results show that ER led to significant vocabulary gains. Additionally, significant effects of frequency and distribution were found on immediate vocabulary gains and of frequency on long-term gains.

Vocabulary knowledge plays an important role in predicting L2 learners’ listening comprehension. Written vocabulary tests have long been used to measure L2 learners’ vocabulary knowledge in studies on listening comprehension, while a limited number of studies have investigated the role of aural vocabulary knowledge to explain success in L2 listening. The current study adopts an aural receptive vocabulary test to measure L2 learners’ vocabulary knowledge and a listening task to measure their L2 listening comprehension proficiency. The results show that L2 learners’ aural vocabulary knowledge significantly correlates with their listening proficiency. Although learners’ aural word knowledge at each frequency level (from 1K to 5K) and their academic word knowledge were significantly correlated with L2 listening, the strongest correlation was between academic vocabulary knowledge and listening, followed by that between word knowledge at the 5K frequency level and listening. In terms of the contribution of aural vocabulary knowledge to L2 listening, the scores achieved for the academic word knowledge measure alone explain 22% of the variance in L2 listening, and the scores achieved for the 5K word frequency level measure alone explain 16.7% of such variance. Learners’ academic vocabulary knowledge is found to explain unique variance over and above their vocabulary knowledge at the 5K word frequency level in L2 listening.

In the framework of Relevance Theory, this paper analyzes the noun recategorization and makes a comparison between Spanish and Mandarin Chinese. Through interlinguistic comparison, it can be confirmed that although there are some differences in noun categories and new interpretations generated through recategorization mechanism, the coercion operation principles in the two languages are the same. Whether in Spanish or Chinese, when there is a conflict between conceptual coding and procedural coding in the process of noun recategorization, it is always solved by procedural coding. In addition, in both languages, the receiver’s knowledge related to nouns is very important for the construction of coercive context.

Based on the Nuevo Español Moderno I-IV (2014, 2015, 2015, 2018) and the Nuevo Sueña I-IV (2015, 2015, 2016, 2016), which are published by Chinese and Spanish authors respectively, this study pretended to make a contrastive analysis about the development of the pragmatic competence. The most relevant conclusions are that, compared with the book of Spanish authors, the book of Chinese authors 1) contains little pragmatic information, 2) does not represent the main branches of the discipline of pragmatics, 3) leaves aside many frequent topics of speech acts and 4) has fewer strategies in presenting pragmatic information.

The present article investigates responses to compliments posted on Airbnb Online Experiences, a recently launched platform. The study contributes to and expands the current body of research on compliment practices online. While previous research predominantly focused on responses to compliments on social-oriented platforms (such as Facebook or Instagram), in this contribution the focus is on a business-driven environment (Airbnb). Departing from the framework elaborated by Maíz-Arévalo (2013) on Facebook data, I examine the distribution of different compliment response strategies in an Airbnb corpus. Further, a qualitative discussion of the results will be provided, elaborating on some actual examples extracted from the corpus. The findings highlight some specific trends in the compliment response strategies adopted by Airbnb hosts. Hosts overwhelmingly opted for accepting strategies, while evading or rejecting strategies were avoided. Moreover, a recurrent use of appreciation and returning compliments strategies was observed. Remarkably, agreeing and self-enhancement strategies (self-promotion) were also attested in the dataset, which are usually absent on other platforms (such as Facebook). Finally, in their responses, hosts also included emoticons, encouraging utterances and personalized invitation to future contact, promoting closeness and a certain degree of informality with their interlocutors.

Reseña

Reseña