Search

This paper presents an overview of the activities and results of the European Network of German and Contrastive Linguistics (GerCoLiNet), which was part of the European University Alliance 4EU+ (May 2021 – June 2022). With the cooperation of five European universities (Copenhagen, Milan, Paris, Prague, Warsaw) as well as the Institute for German Language (Mannheim) as an external partner, the network put together a training programme for MA and PhD students of German language and literature at the universities involved in the project. Developed within the framework of contrastive linguistics, the programme takes into account empirical approaches to both theoretical and applied aspects with special attention paid to the fields of Corpus Linguistics, Lexicology, Lexicography, and Discourse Analysis. In keeping with the basic ideals of Flagship 2, i.e. Europeanness, data literacy and multilingualism, particular emphasis was placed on networking among students and young academics within the 4EU+ Alliance. In this paper I first discuss the role and the importance of German, the exclusive lingua franca within the project, as an identity-forming element. Then, I explain the four main phases of the project; finally, I outline some innovative teaching strategies which were used to promote and increase interaction between partners as well as between the students involved in the project.

The present study analyzes the representation of the anomaly in Oscar de profundis by Catherine Mavrikakis. This inexplicable event is paradoxically ever-present and completely absent in end of world literature. In particular, we will examine the role of ruins in the portrayal of the post-catastrophe scenario. This paper argues that the anomaly invites the reader to investigate further. However, they will only find ruins which are a constant reminder of what was lost and not an explanation of how these memories were erased from the collective conscience. The concept of depicting the anomaly through ruins will allow us to better understand how end of world literature may propose a critique of contemporary society.

Abstract Studies of diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) initiatives in corporations typically involve ethnic minorities or women. In this case study, however, the focus is on men, and a new DEI policy implemented successfully in four multinational corporations (MNCs), namely, paternity leave rights with global applicability. The MNCs’ rationale for introducing this policy, and the perception of it by male employees who have taken such leave are explored mainly through interviews. These fathers are working for one of the MNCs and based in the UK, the US, Brazil and Australia. The aim of the case study is twofold: (i) contribute new insights into how the MNCs discursively justify the global policy, and (ii) develop a contextual framework explaining the MNCs’ successful implementation, which involves both discursive and practical action. In terms of underlying corporate DEI discourses, they mainly emphasise either economic rationality, inclusion or fairness. Regarding factors influencing uptake, a supportive work culture, a standardised period of fully paid leave and formal replacement during leave turn out to be important for informants across all four MNCs.

Abstract Nowadays, companies are required to produce annual reports on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and consider the promotion of diversity as one of their fundamental values, particularly in terms of reputation and image (Fuoli 2018; Maier and Ravazzani 2018). Given its importance, diversity is included in companies’ communication planning (Mundy 2015). The aim of this work is to explore how eleven companies (Amazon, Calvin Klein and Pfizer among others) frame diversity and talk about it on their Twitter (now X) profiles and CSR reports over a timespan of five years (2018-2022), filling a gap in the literature which, to date, has mainly focused on the study of companies’ websites rather than their social media channels. To do this, we analysed a corpus of tweets and reports to identify recurring patterns and phrases related to diversity and inclusion. The findings reveal disparities between the two communication channels, with an overall positive framing of diversity, although the term is mainly used in passive voice constructions which indicate that as a principle and value it is far from being considered established in its own right.

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the way we work, and as technology continues to outpace workplace management, this is a call-for-action to global organizations to re-evaluate their discourses, strategies and operations on diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging (DEIB) frameworks that can potentially help solve organizational challenges and increase their productivity. Global workforces are not yet meaningfully trained in understanding the extent to which AI can impact their careers as well as ethical issues such as fairness, equity, accountability, and governance (Hauer 2022; Polyportis and Pahos 2024). What makes this scenario even more murky is the lack of opportunities available for non-specialist training in AI for workplace management. This lack of transparency and knowledge around the discourses and workings of AI, if left unexamined, could lead to the deterioration of workplace DEIB initiatives. The inherent clarity and commitment of DEIB to improve the lives of all people and organizations can be used as guidance towards building inclusive AI technologies and positive discourses around an inclusive AI. As a technologically dependent society, we have to do better to create more humane and ethical technologies that serve those who have access to less education, privileges, opportunities than us. We need to create continuous and consistent governance systems to oversee the development of inclusive AI and monitor its use. Guiding the development of inclusive AI technologies and discourses using DEIB frames holds the potential of creating powerful, transformative processes where humans and technology can interface and collaborate to bring forth positive outcomes for people, organizations and societies.

Abstract The number of women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) is still limited compared to men, and one of the reasons for this is the lack of women’s sense of inclusion and belonging within engineering contexts. It has been argued that such a sense of inclusion and belonging might be developed by exposing girls to STEM with specific activities, games, and toys from a young age. This case study explores how the US toy manufacturer GoldieBlox Inc. addresses and includes young children, specifically girls, in the promotion of their products. GoldieBlox is a company that specifically targets girls to encourage their interest in STEM subjects, namely science, technology, and mathematics. Through a close reading and a qualitative analysis of the company’s webpages, this paper explores the links between consumerism, gender, belonging, and promotional language. Under the linguistic lens of dialogicity, I analyse how girls are addressed and included in STEM through the promotion of specific products.

Abstract Studies across various disciplines have shown that, although they sound similar, there is significant difference in the meanings of the words equality and equity. However, no research has been conducted on the linguistic and discursive construction of these two concepts, especially in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures, which are increasingly used by companies to show their commitment to these issues. In light of this, the primary objective of this study is to assess the usage of equity and equality in ESG communication, comparing it with their usage in a general English corpus. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the transparency of companies’ communication regarding their commitment and approach to equality and/or equity. Through a synchronic corpus-based analysis of a pilot corpus of ESG reports from companies operating in the sectors of car rental and ride sharing, followed by a comparison with the enTenTen21 Corpus, this paper provides insights into the linguistic profiles of the two words and the communication strategies in both contexts. The findings attempt at contributing to an updated linguistic definition of the distinction between equity and equality that is still lacking in the literature.

Abstract The word ‘icon’ usually refers to a symbol, a famous person admired by all, or a religious image used for worship. Twentieth and twenty-first century icons are also sacred images of secular societies that help construct collective identities and delineate the zeitgeist. Places can also be considered icons if looked through social semiotic lenses. Through Kress and van Leeuwen (2006) and O’Toole’s (1990; 1994; 2004) re-conceptualisations of Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (1994) and the concept of Bonding Icons (Stenglin 2008a; 2008b; 2012), this paper investigates the ways in which the New York City DragCon 2019 became a rallying and bonding place that both abstractly, through its website, and concretely, through the actual event, gave people a sense of belonging. The main goal of the study is to underline the extent to which the rallying and bonding is money-driven and to highlight the ties between consumerism and the concept of ‘icons selling icons’.

A foundational goal of linguistics has been to understand why languages look the way they do. A range of possible explanations exist – from domain-specific representations to cognition-external factors like history and grammaticalization – and all of these undoubtedly play some role. But determining exactly how these link with specific features of language remains challenging, and the role of domain-specific mechanisms has been particularly contentious. In this paper, I highlight a growing new approach, which uses artificial language experiments to link individual-level biases to cross-linguistic trends in language structure. Using word and morpheme order as case studies, I will show how a range of different paradigms and learner populations allow us to make progress on this crucial issue in linguistics. I will focus on typological trends in word and morpheme order. For some ordering trends, experimental evidence points to variation across populations, suggesting that the best explanation for these patterns likely has its root in language history and grammaticalization. In other cases, the evidence points to the role of universal but domain-general cognitive biases, like transparency and simplicity. These domain-general biases interact with linguistic representations in important ways. Taken together these studies help adjudicate between alternative explanations for a number of specific ordering patterns and suggest a new sense of domain-specificity in the evolution of language.

Split conjunction refers to discontinuous coordinate structures in which conjuncts are spread across the clause. In German, split conjuncts show connectivity effects such as plural agreement on the finite verb. This paper argues for an underlying biclausal structure with subsequent deletion of redundant material in the last conjunct – also known as a stripping analysis. We propose that the connectivity effects are caused by multiple dominance of shared constituents, which subsequently move out of the coordinate structure in order to be linearized. Evidence for this proposal comes from word order restrictions with plural agreement and multiply bound pronouns, an incompatibility with collective predicates, lack of sloppy identity readings, and the possibility of cumulative quantifier readings.

Connectives are a central means for creating a coherent discourse. The relationships between specific connectives, coherence relations and syntactic relations are complex for children to acquire. In this paper, we systematically compare the use of clause-initial connectives in written narratives by German-speaking children in fourth grade (10-year-olds, N = 32) and adults (N = 52). The overall use of connectives, the types of syntactic relations and coherence relations expressed and the connective types used as well as the relationships between syntactic relations, coherence relations and connective types are analysed. The results show that the groups expressed coherence relations with connectives equally often. Additive relations were the most frequent in both groups, but the children expressed temporal relations more often than the adults, who showed a larger diversity in the types of coherence relations. There was no difference in the overall use of subordination and coordination, but the adults expressed temporal relations more frequently with subordination. The children used adverbs to a greater extent than the adults. The connective da ‘then’ played an important role in the children’s expression of temporal relations, whereas the adults used a wider variety of different connectives to express different types of temporal relations. The results suggest that children in the fourth grade have not yet fully acquired an adultlike use of connectives in written narratives.

While research using behavioural methods has repeatedly shown that generic masculines in German come with a male bias, computational methods only entered this area of research very recently. The present paper shows that some assumptions made by these recent computational studies – treating genericity as an inflectional function and computing a vector for generic usage strongly correlated with the grammatical masculine – are not without issue, and offers the use of semantic instance vectors as a possible solution to these issues. Beyond this methodological improvement, the present paper finds that generic masculines are indeed semantically more similar to specific masculines than to specific feminines – results that are in line with findings by the recent computational studies and the majority of previous behavioural studies.

This study investigates the processing and interpretation of the reflexive pronoun sich by Japanese and Korean learners of German as a second language. This is explored through the emergentist reflexivity approach, which hypothesizes that these learners will utilize their first language pragmatic strategies to bind sich, instead of syntactic binding found in German. Employing psycholinguistic methodology, a self-paced reading experiment is undertaken, utilizing antecedent judgements and introspective measures. The results show that instead of using the pertinent German syntax to bind sich, the learners continue to fall under the influence of their first language pragmatics. These results are discussed against the larger picture of reflexive theory, showing how German as a second language can advance our understanding of reflexivity.

Word-final schwa in German inflectional suffixes shows varying realisations in spontaneous speech – from full realisations with varying duration to no realisation. While previous research has identified numerous social, distributional, and grammatical factors influencing the variation of phonetic variables in general, it remains unclear how fine-grained functional differences in different registers specifically affect schwa realisation. In this corpus-based study, we compare schwa realisation in two dialogue registers of German spontaneous speech – free conversation and task-based dialogues – which differ only in their communicative goal and therefore have different functional requirements. We find that schwa is rarely realised, though slightly but significantly more often in free conversation than in task-based dialogue. Other factors also promoting schwa realisation across both situations are less frequent verbs and sequences, and IP-final position.

Notre article tente d’analyser, dans le roman de Concilie Niyongoma, la condition de la veuve et de sa progéniture dans la société traditionnelle burundaise. Dans la tradition burundaise, l’homme est le pilier de la famille qu’il gère souvent sans consulter sa compagne, même pour la prise de grandes décisions qui engagent toute la famille. Quand il meurt, la famille perd sa protection et la veuve devient la proie de la famille du défunt de sorte qu’un de ses beaux-frères peut l’épouser et hériter de ses biens dont il profite sans partage avec elle. Cette situation marginalise la veuve et ses descendants féminins, dont la stabilité sociale dépend de la présence de l’homme à leurs côtés. Au-delà de la condition de la veuve et de l’orpheline se pose la question de la condition de la femme dans la société africaine traditionnelle en général, et en particulier, de celle de la femme dans la société traditionnelle burundaise. Notre objectif est d’étudier comment Niyongoma inscrit quelques éléments de la tradition burundaise, qui marginalisent la veuve, dans le processus de la création littéraire et sa vision du monde en recourant à ces pratiques culturelles.

Il testo analizza una parte specifica della ricchissima produzione di Alberto Savinio, concentrandosi in particolare su tre opere: Narrate, uomini, la vostra storia, Maupassant e l’altro, Nuova enciclopedia. Il saggio cerca di sviluppare un mobile plesso di riflessioni strettamente interconnesse aventi quale centro tematico la sfumata nozione di metafisica che Savinio ha continuato ad indagare per anni, scegliendo sempre prospettive differenti per focalizzarne i numerosi aspetti. Nel primo paragrafo, dopo un’attenta contestualizzazione della questione, il saggio si soffermerà su una serie di prose desunte dalla produzione non schiettamente narrativa. Qui verranno prese in considerazione alcune strutture portanti dell’universo mentale e creativo dello scrittore italiano come, ad esempio, la gnoseologia negativa che abita la sua scrittura appartenendo in toto alla dimensione dell’inconcettualizzabile. Nel secondo paragrafo verrà proposto un confronto serrato tra la vita di Gemito e quella di Maupassant. Le biografie dei due artisti saranno studiate alla luce di una lettura incrociata volta all’individuazione del raffinatissimo metodo di indagine che Savinio impiega per penetrare in maniera felpata nelle vite dei personaggi di volta in volta eletti a figure-chiave per illustrare alcuni elementi tipici della propria visione poetica. La terza sezione verterà integralmente sull'originale ed inedita idea di Enciclopedia che Savinio elabora a partire dagli anni 40, facendovi filtrare moduli e stilemi propri di tanta letteratura fantastica. In tal senso, si è scelto di lavorare soprattutto su un lemma come /giostra/, al fine di mostrare il modo in cui lo scrittore italiano scavi capillarmente nel sottosuolo della lingua allo scopo di farne emergere le potenzialità riposte di inventività.

L’objet de l’article aborde la question du corpus en sciences du langage. Il met en exergue les principaux aspects relatifs à la constitution d’un corpus bien réfléchi pour servir d’assise théorique. Cet exposé est une synthèse d’approches permettant aux chercheurs débutants de constituer, de délimiter et d’explorer certains aspects du langage afin de lancer une recherche scientifique fondée. Il montre que les résultats d’une recherche en sciences du langage devraient découler des données tangibles d’un corpus pour que soit formulée toute nouvelle théorie, ou pour qu’une théorie soit mise en cause, voire infirmée. La matière en termes de contenus fait appel aux avis des spécialistes de corpus en ce qui concerne la définition du rôle du corpus dans les études linguistiques, de son choix, de sa délimitation, de son homogénéité, de sa représentativité, de la nature de ses composants et de ses contraintes. Cet article montre au fur et à mesure les principales facettes à prendre en compte dans la constitution du corpus afin de permettre aux chercheurs de garantir la fiabilité des résultats.

Este trabajo revisa la construcción de los glotónimos en la obra intelectual de Alfonso X, así como la mentalidad lingüística del momento, que repercute en la construcción de aquellos. Esto viene motivado por la aparición exclusiva del glotónimo lenguaje castellano en la edición de 1528 de las Siete Partidas, la expresión en las tierras, do se fabla lenguaje de latin y lenguaje antiguo de España, ambos sintagmas también en las Siete Partidas. El primer caso es una novedad de la edición de 1528, pues en la tradición manuscrita e impresa del código alfonsí no hay casos de lenguaje castellano. El segundo caso hace referencia al conjunto lingüístico romance emparentado lingüísticamente con el latín, algo insólito, pues la mayor parte de los expertos han negado la posibilidad de que en la Edad Media hubiese una mentalidad que relacionara las lenguas romances con el latín. El tercer caso tiene que ver el uso del adjetivo antiguo con el proyecto imperial de Alfonso X. Para este trabajo, pues, se ha recurrido a bases de datos como OSTA—Old Spanish Textual Archive—, a programas de Inteligencia Artificial como Transkribus, a ciertos ejemplares de la edición de 1528 y a la tradición manuscrita de las Partidas.

El objetivo del presente artículo es dar una visión panorámica sobre la utilización de las categorías del discurso religioso en la prensa futbolística y en libros de estilo periodístico dedicados al fútbol. Se trata de un estudio interdisciplinar que, en su parte teórica, prevé el examen del diálogo de ambos fenómenos sociales (religión y deporte) en la lengua y, en su parte práctica, destaca los principales campos semánticos que evidencian la presencia del discurso de la religión y la magia en el discurso del fútbol. Según nuestras observaciones, el artículo periodístico está repleto de denominaciones que provienen del ámbito religioso, debido a la coexistencia de estos dos ámbitos a lo largo de la historia: tanto el deporte, como la religión y la propia lengua, son productos de la sociedad. Con la intención de visualizar el espectáculo futbolístico, añadir dramatismo y formular absolutos, los autores acuden a realidades mágicas y a fenómenos religiosos. La principal herramienta de este interdiscurso es la metáfora de carácter nominal, adjetival, predicativo, comparativo y visual, que desempeña una función emotiva, apelativa y estética.

Presentamos y describimos los nombres que funcionan como refuerzo expresivo de la negación, en combinación con verbos paramétricos, en corpus literarios del francés antiguo y del español medieval. Los denominamos “nombres de valor mínimo” (Nval_mín). Analizamos estos sustantivos como colocativos anti-intensivos cuyas bases corresponderían a los verbos paramétricos con los que se combinan. Tras una definición de nuestro objeto de estudio (1), pasamos a clasificar los Nval_mín del antiguo francés según sus rasgos y sus clases sintáctico-semánticas (2.1). A continuación, precisamos cuáles son las bases verbales y los modificadores que, eventualmente, acompañan a los distintos Nval_mín (2.2). Sigue la clasificación según rasgos y clases sintáctico-semánticos para el español medieval (3.1), así como la descripción de bases y modificadores (3.2). En la conclusión (4), ponemos de relieve las similitudes y diferencias entre las dos lenguas. Destacan, en particular, la mayor utilización en francés de prendas de vestir como Nval_mín y la marcada preferencia del español por el empleo de nombres de animales. Se añaden, además, diversos sustantivos no recogidos en trabajos anteriores.

A la gallega, a la canaria, a la panadera, a la putanesca, à la provençale, à la dijonnaise, à la jardinière, à la paysanne, son solo algunos ejemplos que reflejan la gran productividad del esquema a la + nombre en español, à la + nom en francés. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estas combinaciones frecuentes no se encuentran recogidas en las obras lexicográficas bilingües, puesto que, en general, la introducción de los datos de índole fraseológica es insuficiente o incorrecta. Además, consideramos que estas secuencias, debido a la manifestación de ciertos rasgos, tales como la semilexicalidad, la menor idiomaticidad semántica, la presencia de elementos fijos y variables, y un significado funcional de adverbio, pueden ser analizadas desde un enfoque constructivista, es decir, identificadas con las matrices léxicas. Asimismo, este planteamiento nos permitiría abordar un amplio espectro de combinaciones, desde locuciones convencionalizadas, hasta aquellas combinaciones de creación libre y efímera en situación discursiva, presentes en los corpus lingüísticos consultados.

Como muestran varios estudios contemporáneos, las viñetas son una potente herramienta de crítica sociopolítica y uno de los más peculiares, complejos y atípicos recursos de opinión. El presente artículo versa sobre el empleo de unidades fraseológicas (de aquí en adelante, UF) en las viñetas de prensa española publicadas entre los años 2015 y 2022, y tiene un doble objetivo. Por un lado, pretende demostrar cómo las combinaciones fijas de palabras —que se caracterizan por diferente grado de fijación e idiomaticidad— se visualizan, esto es, se representan verbal o gráficamente en dicho género textual y, por el otro, indagar en el valor de elementos contextuales en la creación y comprensión del significado fraseológico. Dicho de otro modo, se ofrecerá la tipología de las UF evocadas —bien de forma implícita, bien explícita— en las viñetas de contenido sociopolítico, así como se resaltará el papel del componente icónico, lingüístico y sociocultural en la interpretación, por parte del lector, del significado fraseológico lexicalizado (convencionalizado) y desautomatizado (no convencionalizado), es decir, inferido en el contexto de la viñeta.

Los productos audiovisuales están más en auge que nunca y la necesidad de traducir estos productos para llegar a un público más amplio es una realidad innegable. Esto también se refleja en el número de películas o series que cuentan con audiodescripción. No obstante, las recomendaciones que existen en España datan de 2005 y no recogen pautas para realizar una audiodescripción adecuada para el público infantil. Debemos considerar, además, que los niños son un público con la particularidad de que todavía no dominan la lengua y los estudios con respecto a la adquisición del lenguaje en personas con ceguera son limitados en contraste con aquellos que analizan esta adquisición desde un prisma más amplio. Tomando en consideración todas estas premisas, con este trabajo nos hemos propuesto exponer ejemplos provenientes de la audiodescripción de la película Encanto para evaluar la adecuación de las decisiones que se han tomado en el guion publicado en la aplicación AudescMobile de la ONCE y la Fundación Vodafone España. Para ello, hemos partido de la normativa UNE153020:2005 de AENOR así como de los estudios existentes en adquisición del lenguaje y en análisis fílmico para centrarnos en el niño como público destinatario.

Notre étude porte sur la traduction de l’ironie situationnelle du roman Une vie de Guy de Maupassant. Après avoir défini l’ironie et avoir discuté de ses marques et de ses conditions, nous mettrons en parallèle l’ironie verbale et l’ironie situationnelle afin de faire ressortir leurs traits spécifiques. Les deux s’appuient sur un écart, mais la manière dont l’écart est exprimé est différente. L’ironie situationnelle est finement tissée dans le récit et comporte des marques plus subtiles que l’ironie verbale, étant souvent une ironie filée. Pour cette raison, la réception de l’ironie situationnelle est parfois difficile et implique une analyse macro et microtextuelle, tout comme la connivence du lecteur. La traduction en anglais et en roumain de quelques séquences visant des personnages-type du roman Une vie sera examinée dans la partie finale de notre travail. Seront ainsi analysés les prototypes suivants : la jeune fille aux aspirations romantiques, le noble déchu, le prêtre, la vieille fille, le paysan normand. Les deux tendances extrêmes observées lors de l’analyse comparative sont la surtraduction et la sous-traduction.

Cet article vise à démontrer que le tatouage, de par sa nature, incarne de manière formelle un rhizome qui traduit une expérience plurielle menant à une unité de soi pour la protagoniste. Cette transformation est examinée à travers les principes formels du rhizome. Les tatouages permettent l'établissement de connexions profondes et non-linéaires avec autrui, marquant visiblement les moments-phares de l'histoire, illustrant ainsi le principe de connexion. De plus, la diversité de l'expérience humaine est célébrée à travers les motifs hétérogènes inscrits sur les peaux décrites, exprimant la porosité et la perméabilité entre les identités. Ces connexions, traversées par des ruptures a-signifiantes et imprévisibles, transforment chaque tatouage en une rupture créative. Chaque marque devient un point de repère dans la cartographie intime de la protagoniste, reflétant ses expériences diurnes et nocturnes ainsi que l'évolution de son identité. Enfin, la multiplicité des tatouages refusant toute catégorisation, elle met en lumière les conséquences de la diversité des relations sur l'exploration perpétuelle de soi.

Salvo fragmentos aislados, la traducción de El Quijote a la “reina de las lenguas”, el latín, no se publicó hasta finales del siglo XX, cuando la lengua madre no sólo había abandonado su condición de lingua franca, sino que corría grave peligro de ser definitivamente olvidada. De ahí que su traductor, Antonio Peral Torres, atribuya a esta traducción contracorriente una misión casi salvífica. En este artículo analizamos cómo se han retrotraducido las citas latinas que habían sido vertidas por Cervantes al castellano (y su coexistencia con otras originalmente formuladas en latín) y, por otro lado, cómo se maneja la ficción de que todos los personajes, incluidos los iletrados como Sancho Panza, hablen en la lengua madre.

Un espacio privilegiado en el pensamiento de María Zambrano está dedicado a los personajes femeninos de la obra de Galdós. En algunas de ellas, Isidora, Tristana, Benina, la pensadora vislumbra las vertientes del ser ontológico femenino que el discurso literario pone al descubierto en su complejidad. Se trata de mujeres de carne y hueso, pero también de sueños, que, en la visión naturalista del mundo, se convierten en “arenas de conflictos”. El objetivo de este estudio es, por lo tanto, esbozar la trayectoria de la obra de la pensadora en relación con su meditación sobre lo femenino literario, trazando especialmente su recorrido por los andamios de las obras de Galdós.

This paper deals with parsing and exploring transitivity in ten online science news articles in one of the leading national broadsheets in the Philippines. The corpus analysis used two software applications: AntConc and UAM Corpus. Specifically, this study compared the transitivity features of ten online science news with the transitivity features of non-science-based registers. The transitivity analysis of the science-based and the non-science-based registers has resulted in identifying and classifying the underlying semantic roles of Participants, Process types, and Circumstances. Identifying the semantic features across the registers has resulted in identifying the prominent and foregrounded features of transitivity in the corpus. This study reiterates that foregrounding is crucial in stylistic analysis of texts. The analysis has established that while the non-science-based registers use the six Process types, the science-based registers primarily use the Material and the Relational Process types. This disproportionate occurrence of the Process types, especially the non-use of the Behavioral process types, strongly corroborates the notion that transitivity is register-specific. The present study supports a systemic and functional stance that considers language a network of choices applicable across varied genres and registers. Also, this study recommends the use of software applications in language pedagogy. Finally, the findings may also facilitate teaching L2 academic writing and producing science-based materials.

Publications on gender and spirituality have been prominently featured in many journals indexed by various databases. This article employs bibliometric analysis to investigate publication trends on gender and spiritual issues in literary studies within the Scopus database. This research utilized the VOSviewer application to analyze keyword co-authorship, co-occurrence, and citations. The bibliographic data for this study were downloaded from the Scopus database on January 8, 2024, with a search restriction over the last ten years between 2014 and 2023, and under two fields: 1) social sciences and 2) arts and humanities. The results show that of the 34 eligible publications, there are four main highlights. First, the co-authorship of research publications is relatively low and is only undertaken by a few researchers. Second, the co-occurrence of keywords reveals three main research trends over these ten years: gender-based experiences and practices, gender-based concepts, and religion and spirituality. However, keywords related to literary criticism did not appear. Third, the number of citations for documents is uneven and is dominated only by certain authors, affiliations, and countries. Lastly, network visualization reveals limited interconnectivity between topics, such as gender spirituality and literature. These results conclude that interdisciplinary research in the field of literary criticism remains widely open to address existing research gaps and encourage researchers to collaborate on related topics.

The focus of this research is to identify and reveal how false consciousness is created and utilized to retain the authority of the industrialist Silco in the Netflix series Arcane. This research aims to show how false consciousness is through the creation of class consciousness, and how it is spread and maintained through state apparatuses and commodity fetishism as a method of exploitation to maintain his authority and status as a leader in Zaun. In this research, the Marxist theory of ideology and state apparatuses by Louis Althusser and commodity fetishism by Karl Marx were employed to answer the research questions. The research used a qualitative method of content analysis. The data is collected and identified by watching the series, where the relevant data is collected from visuals, activities, and dialogues within the series so that it can be analyzed further. Based on the data analysis, the series Arcane depicts false consciousness as a method to exploit the people from the proletariat and bourgeois classes to benefit certain people or groups. Silco creates and maintains false consciousness by utilizing state apparatuses such as ideological state apparatus and repressive state apparatus through ideology. Silco also utilizes commodity fetishism from Shimmer as a way to control the people through false consciousness. As a result, Silco managed to maintain his power as a leader in Zaun, which reveals how false consciousness can be utilized to benefit a certain people, group, or classes to maintain their power within society.

The study of pronoun translation in subtitle is crucial to give insight for subtitler for maintaining the producing accurate, respectful, and culturally sensitive translations, ensuring effective communication across different languages and cultures. This research aims to identify pronoun translation in the Indonesian-English movie subtitle of Sang Pemimpi (The Dreamer) movie. This study was designed as qualitative research, with content analysis as a method of collecting the data. The analysis focused on how the pronoun in the subtitle translated from SL to TL, what are the cultural reasons of using pronoun and what are strategies used by the translator with considering grammatical and socio-cultural aspects in both the Source Language (SL) and Target Language (TL). The findings reveal three categories of pronoun translation occur in subtitle, they are pronoun to pronoun, pronoun to reference, and pronoun to omission. A total of 680 pronouns were translated, with 521 (77%) translated as pronoun to pronoun, 152 (22%) as a pronoun to omission, and 7 (1%) as a pronoun to reference. These results underscore the diverse background factors influencing why pronouns are translated, including socio-cultural and grammatical considerations. There are several subtiling strategies used by translators to translate the sentences, including genralization, direct translation, explicitation, and subtiution. These strategiess are employed to ensure fidelity to the original meaning while adapting to linguistic and cultural nuances in the target language.

The research analyzes the impact of verb extensions on semantic role variability in Kiha. In doing so, the study explores how verb extensions affect the semantic roles of arguments in a sentence, spotting trends and patterns in the usage of verb extensions, and the differences in their corresponding semantic roles. Verb extensions on semantic role variability are linguistic aspects that scholars did not find particularly fascinating to research. This study is interested in examining how verb extensions affect semantic role variability. Due to their proficiency in both writing and speaking Kiha, two informants who are native speakers, aged 83 and 73, were selected for the data collection process using the qualitative approach and elicitation technique. Data is presented using the fragmentation method, and coding is applied to ensure that the study is consistent with other studies that were cited in the literature. Lexical Mapping Theory is the framework for examining the data. The study concludes that the applicative verb extension has four semantic roles: beneficiary, recipient, reason/cause, and locative. Likewise, causative verb extension has two semantic roles: causee and instrument. Reciprocal and passive verb extensions have shared participant semantic roles.

Duano language in Sabak and Tungkal is included into the extinct language category. One way to avoid language extinction is through language revitalization or language documentation. The purpose of this research is to ascertain and explain the proto language and the kinship of Duano tribe in Sabak and Tungkal through dialectology. Then, language documentation is carried out to look at all related aspects from cognate to morpheme positioning. The writers used Proto Malayic from Adelaar (1992) as IPD instrument, The data sources are Duano language from Sabak and Tungkal regencies spoken by 10 respondents. This is a qualitative study. The data were collected through interview, note-taking, recording, and documentation. Then, they were analyzed comparatively. This research found 920 zero data, 510 lexical differences data, 1210 cognate, and 570 phonological differences data. This showed that almost 50% of the data has zero difference, which means they have the same vocabulary. Then, phonological difference is 7.01% indicating that the two languages are different Speech. Meanwhile, lexical difference is 35.29% implying that the two are different subdialects, The relationship between the two regions is very close., the number of vocabularies that belong to vocabulary shift was higher than the vocabulary maintenance. This means that language extinction is very high, especially in the Tungkal area.

The ability to effectively use relative clauses is pivotal in English journal articles, as it allows authors the flexibility to modify various noun phrases within sentences to convey clearer and more precise writing. This research explores the strategies employed by Indonesian authors from three distinct disciplines - business, engineering, and science. To accomplish this, we analyzed thirty papers published in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Makara Journal of Science, and Gadjahmada International Journal of Business. In total, 1453 relative clauses were collected and analyzed. A cross-classification analysis was performed to examine the distribution of relative clauses. The findings of the study indicate a preference among Indonesian writers to use non-reduced relative clauses, specifically those that serve as restrictive modifiers for objects. We also observe that the past participle is employed with greater frequency than the present participle. The results reveal that Indonesian authors prefer non-reduced relative clauses over reduced ones, opt for restrictive clauses over non-restrictive ones, and consistently favor relativizing the subject (S-form) in their relative clauses over the object (O-form). Our results also show that the choice of relative clauses is subject-specific, influenced by the distinct communicative requirements and preferences within each field. Our examination of relative clauses has provided insights into the syntactic choices, including their reduction status, restrictiveness, the use of participles, connectors, and the syntactic category modified by the clause.

In contemporary Nigeria, the proliferation of prophetic claims has profoundly influenced popular religious practices across all societal strata. This phenomenon engages individuals from various backgrounds as they seek divine insights and prophecies from spiritual leaders. This study focuses on Ola Rotimi's play The Gods Are Not to Blame to critically examine the role of prophecy within African cultural beliefs. While existing scholarship on Rotimi's work often analyzes themes of fate, tragedy, and the allocation of blame within the play among others, scant attention has been paid to the fundamental role of prophecy itself as the root cause of the play’s tragic events. This research aims to conduct a deconstructive reading of the play, scrutinizing how the characters' pursuit of foreknowledge and attempts to alter their fates paradoxically precipitate their destinies. The method involves a detailed textual analysis of the play, focusing on key dialogues and actions that highlight the characters' motivations and the unfolding of events. The findings reveal two key instances: first, Baba Fakunle’s prophecy, which foretells disaster for Odewale’s family, leads his parents to attempt to kill him to prevent the predicted calamity. Ironically, this attempt to alter the future sets in motion the very disaster they sought to avoid. Secondly, an elder’s parable causes Odewale to discover the prophecy's truth. In trying to understand and avoid his destiny, Odewale discovers that his actions to prevent it end up fulfilling it. Both instances suggest that the desire to know and change the future is fraught with peril, often precipitating the very outcomes one seeks to avoid. The conclusion emphasizes the prudence of embracing the uncertainty of the future, as attempting to alter it can lead to unintended and often tragic consequences.

When the twentieth century was around the corner, the plurality of residents and newcomers grew in numbers, forming a dynamic and heterogeneous urban society in colonial Java. Augusta de Wit was one of the Dutch authors who wrote about Java during her stay there in her book form travelogue titled Java: Facts and Fancies. Her experience in Java had left an influence on her, which is shown in her fiction works. One of them is the short story Vijandschap that portrays mostly the rural and idyllic life of a coastal community, yet includes the participation of the town (Batavia) as a commercially promising place. This qualitative study aspires to illuminate how the rural beach community reconciled with the town and to confirm what she means by natural beauty by focusing on two chapters “The Town" and “On the Beach.” It is conducted by employing a close reading method and Torop’s chronotopical analysis consisting of topographical, psychological, and metaphysical chronotopes in Augusta de Wit’s perspective while considering the notion of tropicality. This study discovers that there is a relational function of town as a dynamic marketplace to the local folks on the beach and a “space of home” for the Europeans, while the beach as fruitful home to the native beach community and a soothing recreational place to de Wit. Moreover, natural beauty is not confined to nature solely, but includes the locals alongside their character and habits, who are an intrinsic tropical part of Java.

This study examined the psychological issues and how they affect the behaviors of the protagonists Will and Louisa in the movie Me Before You and their decision-making processes. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach and incorporated Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory to analyze the film's narrative. Freud's concepts of the id, ego, and superego provide insights into the underlying motivations driving the characters' actions. The findings revealed that Will's struggles with depression, loss of identity, and desire for autonomy drive his decision for assisted suicide while Louisa faces her own challenges with fear of change and societal pressures. The study concluded that experiencing accidents and depression could lead to risky behavior, while highlighting the importance of companionship and understanding, and emphasizing the role of psychological factors in decision-making. Applying Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic concepts of id, ego, and superego to the protagonists, Will Traynor and Louisa Clark, offers valuable insights into their psychological struggles, enriching the narrative and enhancing its relatability for readers. Future research should explore the ethical implications of assisted suicide, the impact of social isolation on mental health, and the role of humor in caregiving relationships. This will contribute to a deeper understanding of human behavior in challenging circumstances.

Culture pertains to human existence and encompasses the various aspects of a civilization’s way of life. On the other hand, language refers to the complex communication system employed by individuals inside a specific culture or group. Language utilization typically represents the societal customs, cognitive processes, cognitive functioning, historical context, and interconnections within a given human civilization. Utilizing the inclusive personal pronoun "ité" in the Manggarai language facilitates identifying a connection between linguistic elements and cultural principles. This study examines the relationship between the two specified elements, particularly emphasizing the arguments offered. The data were obtained using observations and interviews conducted with fifteen traditional representatives. Subsequently, a qualitative analysis was performed on the collected data. The findings suggest that its utilization in its various manifestations indicates the cultural norms and customs observed by those living in the Manggarai region of Indonesia. Based on the presented data, this study asserts that the first personal pronoun plural inclusive "ité" in the Manggarai language and culture serves as a means for the speaker to communicate politeness and humility towards the hearer or listener. It signifies a genuine respect for the interlocutor, particularly when they hold a high position. In addition, ité shows familiarity, brotherhood, and sincerity in interpersonal relationships by expressing respect, appreciation, and enthusiasm. Furthermore, it functions as a deep gratitude towards the Divine Father.

This paper is an attempt to flesh out the biosemiotic and ecological literacies of selected ecopoems from the collection Sustaining the Archipelago: An Anthology of Philippine Ecopoetry (2017). I recognize the biosemiotic fact that every living organism of nature possesses the ability to inventively pursue their environments made possible through an active engagement of signs in the environment. Grounded on the ecocritical theories of Hubert Zapf, David Orr and Jacob von Uexkull and the descriptive-analytical research design, I analyze Philippine ecopoetry and how it can substantially bring readers within the environment itself and experience its attendant forces shaping it on both micro and macro heights. Ecopoetry allows us to better comprehend the particularities and complexities of the environment and the workings of our biologies. It positions its readers within the intricate spheres of the environment. Echoing the concept of ecological literacy, the reader becomes more knowledgeable and intimate with the environmental space recreated through the words of the poet. In the analysis, I recognize the ecoliterate affinities of the poets and their works highlighting ecocritical discourses on biophilia, topophilia, topophobia, anthropocentric activities, holism and systems thinking. These affinities are further dissected with the aid of biosemiotics. Biosemiotics looks into the complexities of the environment emphasizing various significant organisms and occurrences that shape environmental connections and disconnections. In the ecopoems, there are signs and occurrences that can be specifically interpreted shaping environmental connections. These are essential in understanding the processes that make nature and culture experience connections and disconnnections.

This study aims to describe the aspects of influence and identity shaping of female characters in the novel "Sayyidaat Alqomar" by Jokha Alharthi based on Ann Brooks' perspective. This research is oriented towards discussing three aspects, namely postfeminist deconstruction, differences, and women's identity. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with feminist analysis. Data analysis techniques in this study use the Miles and Huberman method with three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The influence of postfeminist deconstruction is identified in two aspects. First, gender equality in the relationship between husband and wife and inequality among women. Second, traditional stereotypes that female characters respond as representations of deconstruction with responses to ignore and voice criticism; (2) the differences that affect the identity of female characters are identified, that a woman can own both masculine and feminine sides; and (3) the form of female identity influenced by two factors. First, external factors: destiny and modernization. Second, experience factors: hobbies, work, and trauma. These findings confirm the diversity of Women’s identity in Modernization and pave the way for postfeminist studies towards Omani women.

For nearly five decades, Robin Lakoff’s women’s language features have been well examined. These features such as hedges, intensifiers, and rising intonation have traditionally positioned women as powerless language users due to their less-assertive nature. However, few have highlighted how these features can serve as rhetorical strategies that can effectively utilized to argue confidently without appearing overly assertive, in line with social expectations. This study examines women’s language features used by Emma Watson at the HeForShe Campaign 2014. By using a descriptive qualitative method, we collected data from Emma’s speech to identify the features of the women’s language that she used to address gender equality issues. The study found six of Lakoff’s (1975) women’s language features, with lexical hedges being the most frequently used to represent politeness and caution in speaking as well as expressing respect for the interlocutor. Notably, tag questions, precise color terms, hypercorrect grammar, and avoiding strong swear words were not found, likely due to their irrelevance to the feminism-focused topic in the campaign. Instead of highlighting the perceived weaknesses of women’s language, this study emphasizes that women’s language can be a means to empower women’s voices. Emma effectively and persuasively delivered her campaign by using her mastery of language, storytelling techniques, and rhetoric to engage the audience. Overall, Emma strategically utilized women’s language to demonstrate her linguistic capability and even persuade the audience effectively rather than showing the weakness of women’s language as commonly perceived by previous studies.

The issue of internationalizing academic works into English Scopus-indexed journals has been becoming a growing concern in Indonesia in the last few years. However, investigating rhetorical models of local research articles is still very limited in the Indonesian context to date, while finding this foundation that underpins the global issue may overcome and create awareness for Indonesian academics for the likelihood of publishing their academic papers into reputable journals. This paper attempted to investigate the rhetorical model of Indonesian Law RAIs because none has investigated it in this selected discipline. The purpose is to discover whether or not it is different from earlier findings in English and Indonesian models. The data in the present study are 15 Indonesian Law RAIs published in accredited Science and Technology Index journals (SINTA 2). For the analysis, the study employed a genre-based study using two rhetorical models as primary code analysis. The results revealed that the Indonesian Law RAIs in the present study have a different rhetorical model from the English model, the CARS model. The main difference is the ways of establishing a niche. This finding implies that it may become an obstacle for Indonesian authors in this discipline, on the one hand, but may become an opportunity for them to publish their academic works in reputable journals, on the other hand.

Gender stereotypes constructed by society are detrimental for women. Women were seen as weak and underestimated by society (the PEW Research Center’s survey in 2017). This study aims to discover how a film entitled Thor: Ragnarok (2017) countered gender stereotypes through the portrayal of the main female character, Hela, and to reveal the reason behind such portrayal of Hela. This study is a qualitative study because the data are qualitative data. The data of this study are clauses collected from the movie subtitles, containing Hela’s power to counter gender stereotypes. This study applied Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (three-dimensional framework), supported by Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), which focused on the transitivity system for the first-dimension analysis. After doing the three-dimensional analysis, it is found that Hela’s character in the movie is portrayed as opposing gender stereotypes. Hela is represented as strong, brave, and feared. These traits are against the stereotype of women described as weak, fearful, and underestimated. The reason behind the portrayal of Hela as a strong woman is to promote the feminism spirit to the people in that women should be empowered, in line with the goal of the United Nations (UN) Women and the UN Foundation that protect women's rights and supports women in achieving gender equality.

This research paper analyzes how children's experiences of poverty and injustice are imagined and articulated in F. H. Batacan's novel Smaller and Smaller Circles. By employing content analysis, passages and excerpts from the novel were identified and subjected to in-depth analysis using sociological and philosophical approaches to literary criticism. The study aims to explore the novel’s portrayal of the causes and effects of these experiences, and how it reflects the broader discourse on the morality of children's suffering. The findings reveal that the novel imagines children's experiences of poverty and injustice as resulting from a complex interplay of societal norms, such as generational responsibility, the culture of silence, and toxic masculinity. Institutional failures, including the church’s complicity, inefficient law enforcement, and barangay deficiencies, further exacerbate these conditions. Additionally, media and societal attitudes, particularly misplaced faith and victim blaming, contribute to the perpetuation of these harmful conditions. The novel portrays these imagined experiences as leading to psychosocial trauma, delayed or denied justice, delinquency, and even suicide. Through this portrayal, the novel positions itself within the discourse on the morality of children's suffering, raising questions about the ethical implications of these societal failures.

The capitalist patriarchal system materializes in every aspect of life, even in the workplace, resulting in men and women's alienation. Unlike previous studies on women's alienation, this article examines the alienation of women as main breadwinners in a financial sector. Through film analysis, this article discusses the movie Fair Play released by Netflix in 2023. The movie focuses on a woman named Emily who gets a higher position than her fiancé in a securities company, causing jealousy. The movie Fair Play tries to distort the reality of how women are able to get higher positions in a male-dominated system. Drawing on Alison Jaggar's alienation theory, this article attempts to show how the form of alienation experienced by Emily as a woman is different from the alienation experienced by men in a capitalist patriarchal system. Using qualitative method in analyzing Fair Play movie scenes, the study reveals that alienation experienced by workers, whether female or male, is the result of an exploitative capitalist system. The article also argues that Emily experiences alienation of sexuality and intellectuality because of her femininity. This implies that women experience double standards because of the double burden caused by gender roles. It concludes that women experience alienation differently from men because of their gender. By eliminating of the concepts of masculinity and femininity, this alienation experienced differently by women can be overcome.

Standing in marked contrast with Foucauldian notion of “the care for the self” which seeks bodily pleasure by advocating violent practices of consensual homosexual sadomasochism and drugs, Shusterman’s Ars Erotica takes up the notion further by unveiling the idea of somaesthetics that alternatively favors such tranquil, less violent somatic practices as a pursuit of bodily pleasure and cultivation. Rich in its cross-cultural perspectives of how artistic body practices (including the art of love making) are cultivated, Ars Erotica combines important ideas from different philosophical traditions with literary works emanating from varied cultural, religious, and linguistic legacies. The mixture of both philosophy and literature in the book helps reconcile the long-standing disputes regarding the divide between the two scholarships, thus making Shusterman’s writing worthy of investigating. Drawing on these notions of aspects of identity – “self as author” and “discoursal self” (Ivanic, 1998), this article is an attempt to explore these aspects of identity. Thematic coding was used as a technique of data analysis. Findings revealed that aspects of identity can be categorized and suggested as follows: (1) taking control by evaluating while averring to reliable sources, (2) interfering credible sources by infusing personal positioning (3) translanguaging to create aesthetic textual postures.