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Concrete is one of the largest consumer products all over the world. Concrete consumes large quantity of natural ingredients like river sand in the form of fine aggregate and crushed stone or gravel in the form of coarse aggregate. With due consideration for sustainable construction, the concrete can be minimized by utilizing the waste products from various industries as an alternative for components in concrete. This paper deals with reuse of industrial waste foundry sand and agricultural waste coconut shell in biased form for fine aggregate and coarse aggregate [Siddique, R and Kadri, EH (2011)]. From the mechanical properties of concrete containing both the waste products, the optimum replacement levels were arrived at 25 % and 15% for waste foundry sand and coconut shell. The durability properties such as water absorption, porosity, sorptivity and water permeability are found for improvised concrete and compared with normal concrete.

Building construction includes wide range of activities, such as extracting materials, treating and utilising them for construction, executing and operating the building and finally demolishing it after its life span. All these process results in enormous consumption of available resources and generate large amount of green house gases. This apparently results in global warming and resource depletion. Green buildings are considered as the optimal solution to overcome the negative effects of construction industry over the environment. Green buildings have manifold benefits in different sectors such as environment, economic and social. Hence many construction sectors across the world have now leaned towards green construction. In recent decades exponential growth of green buildings is observed globally. Though green building has attained considerable growth, there are several hurdles and challenges need to be faced from the constructor side. Also, the current management practices adopted in conventional building may not satisfy the requirements of the green building. The main theme of the paper is about barriers and project management practices in green building industry, since the other things are only supporting elements it is not included in the abstract. The design complexity in green building requires more modification in the existing project management practices. This paper listed out the barriers faced by the green building constructors as well as project management practices needs to be adopted to achieve green goal.

A new solution has been introduced to reduce the weight of the concrete in the structures and to reduce the span of the concrete slab. This system was developed during the early 1990′s inn Germany and it gained its acceptance throughout the world. This method develops many benefits throughout the world and it was accepted by the engineers. In this thesis work our main focus on the reduction of concrete of bridge deck.

Deep excavations are necessary in the urban areas to meet the increasing requirements of additional space for housing, recreation amenities, utilities, parking and infrastructure facilities etc. Also, due to space limitations, excavations are often located near existing buildings. Significant unearthing is maintained by structures like traditionally maintaining barriers, sheet load barriers, propped barriers, diaphragm barriers and vertical impermeable barriers, and so on. Diaphragm walls are profound maintenance structures used in basements and very common in deep unearthing in the recent trends. All the above mentioned barriers help to build in significant building’s storm cellar, overcrowded urban areas, basement frames of metro rails, hydraulic, and marine frames. Diaphragm barriers can be categorized like versatile frames and firmness is given through an inclusion of the barrier in the basement used like a beam framing. Diaphragm barriers are subjected to large horizontal forces due to earth pressures thereby causing heavy overturning movement at the foundation. Also, these are used as impervious cutoffs in excavations with relatively high levels of water table. Indian code guides plan and improvement for diaphragm barriers, IS 9556-1980 provides proposals for architectural strategy as well as tools. To assess and plan framework, it implies guidelines for fortification strong structures IS 456-2000. The purpose of this article can be an assessment of the design and construction aspects of diaphragm barrier for Underground metro projects.

A trial examine was finished to consider the flexural conduct of high quality cement for target quality of 80 MPa utilizing snared end steel fibres, pleated steel fiber in different volume parts of the extents 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% the High quality cement (HSC) is accomplished with the assistance of silica rage and superplasticizer for more noteworthy quality and solidness. The bridging action of fibre helps to arrest the crack propagation. The compressibility characteristics break rigidity what’s more flexible quality has expanded whenever differentiated with the ordinary concrete. Compressive strength characteristics has expanded up to 5.88%, Split Tensile strength expanded by 38.71%. The flexural strength is expanded by 6–12%. The chloride permeability is very low in all the types of concrete with and without fibres as per ASTM C 1202. The water penetration is almost NIL in all the mix which shows that the closely spaced cement matrix contributes to this behaviour.

Day by day the water scarcity is getting increased and that too in developing countries like “India”, facing water problems frequently. The need for conservation of fresh water has become mandatory. Here the world’s water content is about 71%, and in that the ocean and sea water holds about 96.5%. As indicated by the report of the “World Metrological Organization” (WMO), the greater part of the total populace won't have enough drinking water by 2025. In order to reduce the usage of fresh water, an alternate recourse (Treated Sea Water) is introduced in the construction industry (i.e.) for the concrete mixing and curing. In this paper the properties of sea water and traditional water are considered. The conceivable outcomes of salt water utilized in concrete for casting and curing are seen. This paper additionally focuses on the variables influencing the quality of cement blended as concrete and cured with ocean water are examined and a few proposals to those issues were given.

Cement is a binder material with various composition of Concrete but instantly it posses low tensile strength. The study deals with mechanical properties of that optimized fiber in comparison with conventional and coconut shell concrete. The accumulation of fibers arbitrarily dispersed in the composition increases the resistance to cracking, deflection and other serviceability conditions substantially. The steel fiber in extra is one of the revision in coconut shell concrete and the outcome of steel fiber in coconut shell concrete was to investigate and compare with the conventional concrete. For the given range of steel fibe from 0.5 to 2.0%, 12 beams and 36 cylindrical specimens were cast and tested to find the mechanical properties like flexural strength, split tensile, impact resistance and the modulus of elasticity of both conventional and coconut shell concrete has been studied and the test consequences are compared with the control concrete and coconut shell concrete for M25 Grade. It is fulfilled that, the steel fibers used in this venture has shown significant development in all the properties of conventional and coconut shell concrete while compared to controlled conventional and coconut shell concrete like, Flexural strength by 6.67 % for 1.0 % of steel fiber in conventional concrete and by 5.87 % for 1.5 % of steel fiber in coconut shell concrete.